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We examined the effect of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in marginal cells on the asphyxia- or furosemide-induced decrease in the endocochlear potential (EP) by perfusing the endolymph with or without a Ca2+ chelator or inhibitors of Ca2+-permeable channels or Ca2+-pump during transient asphyxia or intravenous administration of furosemide. We obtained the following results. (1) Endolymphatic administration of SKF96365 (an inhibitor of TRPC and L-type Ca2+ channels) or EGTA-acetoxymethyl ester (EGTA-AM) significantly inhibited both the transient asphyxia-induced decrease in EP (TAID) and the furosemide-induced decrease in EP (FUID). (2) Endolymphatic perfusion with nifedipine significantly inhibited the TAID but not the FUID. (3) The recovery from the FUID was significantly suppressed by perfusing the endolymph with EGTA-AM, nifedipine, or SKF96365. (4) Endolymphatic administration of thapsigargin inhibited both the FUID and TAID. (5) The recovery rate from the FUID was much slower than that from the TAID, indicating that furosemide may inhibit the Ca2+-pump. (6) A strong reaction in immunohistochemical staining for TRPC channels was observed in the luminal and basolateral membranes of marginal cells. (7) A positive staining reaction for the γ subunit of epithelial Na+ channels was observed in the luminal and basolateral membranes of marginal cells. (8) Positive EP was diminished toward 0 mV by the endolymphatic perfusion with 10 μM amiloride or 10 μM phenamil. Taken together, these findings suggest that [Ca2+]c regulated by endoplasmic Ca2+-pump and Ca2+-permeable channels in marginal cells may regulate the positive EP, which is partly produced by the diffusion potential of Na+ across the basolateral membrane in marginal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]