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13. CLIMATE-CHANGE-INDUCED TEMPORAL VARIATION IN PRECIPITATION INCREASES NITROGEN LOSSES FROM INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS WITH A TOY MODEL.

Author

VITOUSEK, Peter M., Xinping CHEN, Zhenling CUI, Xuejun LIU, MATSON, Pamela A., ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, Ivan, ROBERTSON, G. Philip, and Fusuo ZHANG

Subjects
CLIMATE change, FLOODS, AMMONIUM, FERTILIZERS, SOIL acidification
Abstract

A simple 'toy' model of productivity and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling was used to evaluate how the increasing temporal variation in precipitation that is predicted (and observed) to occur as a consequence of greenhouse-gasinduced climate change will affect crop yields and losses of reactive N that can cause environmental damage and affect human health. The model predicted that as temporal variability in precipitation increased it progressively reduced yields and increased losses of reactive N by disrupting the synchrony between N supply and plant N uptake. Also, increases in the temporal variation of precipitation increased the frequency of floods and droughts. Predictions of this model indicate that climate-change-driven increases in temporal variation in precipitation in rainfed agricultural ecosystems will make it difficult to sustain cropping systems that are both high-yielding and have small environmental and human-health footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. Reducing emissions from agriculture to meet the 2 degrees C target

Author

Richards, Meryl, Smith, Pete, Havlik, Petr, Obersteiner, Michael, Tubiello, Francesco N., Herold, Martin, Gerber, Pierre, Carter, Sarah, Reisinger, Andrew, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Dickie, Amy, Neufeldt, Henry, Sander, Bjorn O., Wassmann, Reiner, Sommer, Rolf, Amonette, James E., Falcucci, Alessandra, Herrero, Mario, Opio, Carolyn, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Stehfest, Elke, Westhoek, Henk, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Sapkota, Tek, Rufino, Mariana C., Thornton, Philip K., Verchot, Louis, West, Paul C., Soussana, Jean-François, Baedeker, Tobias, Sadler, Marc, Vermeulen, Sonja, Campbell, Bruce M., and Wollenberg, Eva

Subjects
agriculture, climate change, integrated assessment modeling, mitigation, policy, target, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Abstract

More than 100 countries pledged to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yet technical information about how much mitigation is needed in the sector vs. how much is feasible remains poor. We identify a preliminary global target for reducing emissions from agriculture of similar to 1GtCO(2)eyr(-1) by 2030 to limit warming in 2100 to 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels. Yet plausible agricultural development pathways with mitigation cobenefits deliver only 21-40% of needed mitigation. The target indicates that more transformative technical and policy options will be needed, such as methane inhibitors and finance for new practices. A more comprehensive target for the 2 degrees C limit should be developed to include soil carbon and agriculture-related mitigation options. Excluding agricultural emissions from mitigation targets and plans will increase the cost of mitigation in other sectors or reduce the feasibility of meeting the 2 degrees C limit.

Published
2016

16. Reducing emissions from agriculture to meet the 2 °C target

Author

Wollenberg, Eva, Richards, Meryl, Smith, Pete, Havlík, Petr, Obersteiner, Michael, Tubiello, Francesco N., Herold, Martin, Gerber, Pierre, Carter, Sarah, Reisinger, Andrew, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Dickie, Amy, Neufeldt, Henry, Sander, Björn O., Wassmann, Reiner, Sommer, Rolf, Amonette, James E., Falcucci, Alessandra, Herrero, Mario, Opio, Carolyn, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Stehfest, Elke, Westhoek, Henk, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Sapkota, Tek, Rufino, Mariana C., Thornton, Philip K., Verchot, Louis, West, Paul C., Soussana, Jean-François, Baedeker, Tobias, Sadler, Marc, Vermeulen, Sonja, Campbell, Bruce M., Wollenberg, Eva, Richards, Meryl, Smith, Pete, Havlík, Petr, Obersteiner, Michael, Tubiello, Francesco N., Herold, Martin, Gerber, Pierre, Carter, Sarah, Reisinger, Andrew, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Dickie, Amy, Neufeldt, Henry, Sander, Björn O., Wassmann, Reiner, Sommer, Rolf, Amonette, James E., Falcucci, Alessandra, Herrero, Mario, Opio, Carolyn, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Stehfest, Elke, Westhoek, Henk, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Sapkota, Tek, Rufino, Mariana C., Thornton, Philip K., Verchot, Louis, West, Paul C., Soussana, Jean-François, Baedeker, Tobias, Sadler, Marc, Vermeulen, Sonja, and Campbell, Bruce M.

Abstract

More than 100 countries pledged to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yet technical information about how much mitigation is needed in the sector vs. how much is feasible remains poor. We identify a preliminary global target for reducing emissions from agriculture of ~1 GtCO2e yr−1 by 2030 to limit warming in 2100 to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Yet plausible agricultural development pathways with mitigation cobenefits deliver only 21–40% of needed mitigation. The target indicates that more transformative technical and policy options will be needed, such as methane inhibitors and finance for new practices. A more comprehensive target for the 2 °C limit should be developed to include soil carbon and agriculture-related mitigation options. Excluding agricultural emissions from mitigation targets and plans will increase the cost of mitigation in other sectors or reduce the feasibility of meeting the 2 °C limit.

Published
2016

17. Reducing emissions from agriculture to meet the 2 °C target

Author

Environmental Sciences, Wollenberg, Eva, Richards, Meryl, Smith, Pete, Havlík, Petr, Obersteiner, Michael, Tubiello, Francesco N., Herold, Martin, Gerber, Pierre, Carter, Sarah, Reisinger, Andrew, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Dickie, Amy, Neufeldt, Henry, Sander, Björn O., Wassmann, Reiner, Sommer, Rolf, Amonette, James E., Falcucci, Alessandra, Herrero, Mario, Opio, Carolyn, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Stehfest, Elke, Westhoek, Henk, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Sapkota, Tek, Rufino, Mariana C., Thornton, Philip K., Verchot, Louis, West, Paul C., Soussana, Jean François, Baedeker, Tobias, Sadler, Marc, Vermeulen, Sonja, Campbell, Bruce M., Environmental Sciences, Wollenberg, Eva, Richards, Meryl, Smith, Pete, Havlík, Petr, Obersteiner, Michael, Tubiello, Francesco N., Herold, Martin, Gerber, Pierre, Carter, Sarah, Reisinger, Andrew, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Dickie, Amy, Neufeldt, Henry, Sander, Björn O., Wassmann, Reiner, Sommer, Rolf, Amonette, James E., Falcucci, Alessandra, Herrero, Mario, Opio, Carolyn, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Stehfest, Elke, Westhoek, Henk, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Sapkota, Tek, Rufino, Mariana C., Thornton, Philip K., Verchot, Louis, West, Paul C., Soussana, Jean François, Baedeker, Tobias, Sadler, Marc, Vermeulen, Sonja, and Campbell, Bruce M.

Published
2016

19. Assessment of iron bioavailability in ten kinds of Chinese wheat flours using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model

Author

Ji, Lei, Yong, Zhang, Xiang Gui, Chen, Ming Qiu, Zhang, Lin, Bai, Cheng Yu, Huang, and Ortiz Monasterio, Ivan

Subjects
China, Phytic Acid, Iron, Ferritins, Flour, Biological Availability, Genetic Variation, Humans, Phosphorus, Caco-2 Cells, Triticum
Abstract

To compare iron bioavailability (Fe BV) from ten selected kinds of Chinese wheat flours in order to provide scientific basis for further human trials and enable plant breeding programs to screen biofortified wheat cultivars.An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used to assess Fe BV of ten flour samples from six leading Chinese wheat cultivars and the stability of Fe BV in one cultivar was studied across three growing environments.Significant differences were observed in both Fe BV and Fe bioavailability per gram of food (Fe BVPG) among cultivars (P0.01) grown at the same location with the same flour extraction rate. Zhongyou 9507 and Jingdong 8 had Fe BV 37%-54% and Fe BVPG 103%-154% higher than the reference control. In the Anyang environment, Zhongyou 9507 had a higher wheat flour-Fe level and Fe BVPG. Differences in Fe BV were detected in cultivars with different flour extraction rates.Zhongyou 9507 and Jingdong 8 were identified as the most promising cultivars for further evaluation of efficacy by using human subjects. The growing environments had no effect on Fe BV, but did have a significant effect on Fe BVPG. Fe bioavailabilities in low-extraction (40%) flours were higher than those in high-extraction (78%) flours.

Published
2011

20. Beyond modelling wheat physiology: what do system agronomists need?

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Lopez-Ridaura, Santiago, Bielders, Charles, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Gérard, Bruno, Workshop Modeling Wheat Response to High Temperature: AgMIP Wheat multi‐model comparison with Hot Serial Cereal experiment, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Lopez-Ridaura, Santiago, Bielders, Charles, Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan, Gérard, Bruno, and Workshop Modeling Wheat Response to High Temperature: AgMIP Wheat multi‐model comparison with Hot Serial Cereal experiment

Abstract

Agronomic research often looks at the interaction between crops or crop varieties, the biophysical environment where they grow and the management carried out to obtain the desired goods and services from those crops. Although empirical research has dominated in the history of agronomy, crop models have helped in the last decades to integrate knowledge and information, and formalize the main processes governing crop growth and development. Crop specific models (i.e., wheat) have greatly contributed to understand the potential for crop production as well as yield variability under specific environmental and management conditions, understanding the factors responsible of the yield gap (and their inter‐linkages) and provide guidelines for improved crop production. However, from an agronomic perspective, there is a great need to improve models to formalize complex cropping systems rather than single crops. This would help agronomists guide and interpret their experimental results, understand the main factors affecting cropping systems performance, design alternative cropping systems and explore their performance under changing climatic and management conditions. In this contribution to the workshop we highlight some of the main model improvements agronomists need from modeling colleagues to tackle the relevant questions for their work at different scales (from the plant to the cropping and farming systems), with special emphasis on wheat‐based cropping systems.

Published
2013

21. The quantity of zinc absorbed from wheat in adult women Is enhanced by biofortification

Author

Rosada, Jorge L.; Hambidge, K. Michael; Miller, Leland V.; Garcia Olga P.; Westcott, Jamie; Gonzalez, Karla; Conde, Jennifer; Hotz, Christine; Pfeiffer, Wolfgang; Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan; Krebs, Nancy F. and Rosada, Jorge L.; Hambidge, K. Michael; Miller, Leland V.; Garcia Olga P.; Westcott, Jamie; Gonzalez, Karla; Conde, Jennifer; Hotz, Christine; Pfeiffer, Wolfgang; Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan; Krebs, Nancy F.

Subjects
Biofortification
Abstract

Non-PR, IFPRI1; HarvestPlus, HarvestPlus, Biofortification of staple food crops with micronutrients could reduce micronutrient malnutrition at relatively low cost. Zinc is especially important in this consideration as a lack of dietary zinc is a major cause of early childhood morbidity and mortality. Indicators of zinc deficiency and quantitative data on the negative effects of phytates on zinc absorption are also limited. Measurements of zinc bioavailability and the effect of phytates on these, as addressed in this paper, are thus of extra significance.

Published
2009

24. Mineral element concentrations in grains of Chinese wheat cultivars.

Author

Yong Zhang, Qichao Song, Jun Yan, Jianwei Tang, Rongrong Zhao, Yueqiang Zhang, Zhonghu He, Chunqin Zou, and Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan

Subjects
GENOTYPE-environment interaction, CULTIVARS, GENETIC research, WHEAT, MINERALS
Abstract

Investigations on concentration of mineral elements including Fe and Zn in wheat grains are important for human health. Two hundreds and sixty-five cultivars and advanced lines were collected and sown at Anyang experimental station of the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences in season 2005–2006 to evaluate the genetic variation of major mineral element concentrations in wheat grain. Twenty-four selected cultivars were also planted at seven representative locations in seasons 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 to evaluate the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interaction on mineral element concentrations. The 265 genotypes displayed a large variation for all mineral elements investigated including Fe and Zn, ranging from 28.0 to 65.4 mg kg−1 and 21.4 to 58.2 mg kg−1 for Fe and Zn, with mean values of 39.2 and 32.3 mg kg−1, respectively. Jimai 26, Henong 326, and Jingdong 8 displayed high Fe and Zn concentrations, and Jimai 26 and Henong 326 also displayed high concentrations of Cu, Mg, K, P, and protein content. Jingdong 8 is the most promising leading cultivar for increasing Fe and Zn concentrations. All mineral element concentrations including Fe and Zn were largely influenced by environment effects. Production of high Fe concentration can be best secured at Jiaozuo and Jinan, and high Zn concentration can be best secured at Jinan and Xuzhou, since samples from these locations in the two seasons are characterized by high Fe or Zn concentration, compared with the other locations. High and significant genotype by environment interaction effects on all mineral element concentrations were also observed, with ratios of genotype by environment to genotype variances all larger than 1.20. Grain Fe concentration was highly significant and positively correlated with that of Zn, indicating a high possibility to combine high Fe and Zn traits in wheat breeding. It also indicated strong positive correlations between concentrations of Fe, Zn, and protein content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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