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The primer coating technology applicable to a variety of aluminum alloys and steel materials has become a key requirement for the manufacturing of lightweight body for new energy vehicles. In this paper, a study on chemical conversion of metal surfaces based on the titanium/zirconium composite system was carried out on 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys and galvanized steel. The effects of H2TiF6 concentration, H2ZrF6 concentration and process parameters on the corrosion resistance of the coatings formed on the surfaces of the three metals were investigated through copper sulfate spot experiments, and the corrosion resistance of the coatings was verified by electrochemical testing. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope and the energy spectrometer were employed to observe and analyze the surface morphology and element composition of the conversion coatings. Results showed that after a conversion treatment under the conditions that the H2TiF6 concentration was 1.60～2.00 mL/L, the H2ZrF6 concentration was 0.80～1.30 mL/L, the conversion time was 90 ～ 150 s, the pH value was 3.5 ～ 4.5, and the temperature was 30～40 ℃, these three kinds of metal materials possessed good corrosion resistance. The Jcorr of three metal materials decreased significantly in comparison with that of the blank sample, and the Ecorr of the blank sample was significantly lower than that of the other samples. In addition, the EIS spectrum showed that the film resistance Rct of the three metal materials treated with chemical conversion was significantly higher than that of the blank sample. The differences in the surface microstructure of the samples at different times was observed by SEM, and there were significantly fewer micropores and cracks on the surfaces of 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys and galvanized steel after a treatment for 120 s.

The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide and participates in physiological activities such as organ formation, energy metabolism, and stress resistance in insects. The Bmtret1 gene family is mainly involved in in the sugar metabolism of silkworm. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis divided 21 Bmtret1 orthologs into three clades. These genes are equally distributed on the nine chromosomes. The cis-elements in the promoter regions of Bmtret1s indicated the possible function of Bmtret1s in response to hormones and environmental stimulus. The qPCR analysis showed the significantly different expression levels of Bmtret1s in different tissues and organs, indicating possible functional divergence. In addition, most Bmtret1s showed disturbed expression levels in response to silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) stresses. Our results provide a clue for further functional dissection of the Tret1s in Bombyx mori and implicate them as potential regulators of antiviral responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most randomized trials for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have investigated highly selected patients under idealized conditions, and the findings need to be validated in the real world. We conducted a population-based study of all APL patients in Zhejiang Province, China, with a total population of 82 million people, to assess the generalization of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic as front-line treatment. The outcomes of APL patients were also analyzed. Between January 2015 and December 2019, 1,233 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. The rate of ATRA and arsenic as front-line treatment increased steadily from 66.2% in 2015 to 83.3% in 2019, with no difference among the size of the center (≥5 or <5 patients per year, p = 0.12) or age (≥60 or <60 years, p = 0.35). The early death (ED) rate, defined as death within 30 days after diagnosis, was 8.2%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 87.9% in the whole patient population. Age (≥60 years) and white blood cell count (>10 × 109/L) were independent risk factors for ED and OS in the multivariate analysis. This population-based study showed that ATRA and arsenic as front-line treatment are widely used under real-world conditions and yield a low ED rate and a high survival rate, which mimic the results from clinical trials, thereby supporting the wider application of APL guidelines in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties.

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide and participates in physiological activities such as organ formation, energy metabolism, and stress resistance in insects. The Bmtret 1 gene family is mainly involved in in the sugar metabolism of silkworm. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis divided 21 Bmtret 1 orthologs into three clades. These genes are equally distributed on the nine chromosomes. The cis-elements in the promoter regions of Bmtret 1s indicated the possible function of Bmtret 1s in response to hormones and environmental stimulus. The qPCR analysis showed the significantly different expression levels of Bmtret 1s in different tissues and organs, indicating possible functional divergence. In addition, most Bmtret 1s showed disturbed expression levels in response to silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) stresses. Our results provide a clue for further functional dissection of the Tret 1s in Bombyx mori and implicate them as potential regulators of antiviral responses.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of covalently closed RNA molecules whose 3'- and 5'-ends are linked by a back-splicing event. Emerging evidence has shown that circRNAs play a vital role in the occurrence and development of many diseases and are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, knowledge of circRNAs in hematological malignancies is limited. In this review, the biogenesis, categories, characteristics, and functions of circRNAs are summarized, especially the roles of circRNAs in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2020.)

Objective: To contrast the clinical effects and complications for the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma between autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy., Methods: Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were included., Results: A total of 11 studies including 795 patients were involved, which eventually met the eligibility criteria. 385 and 410 samples were included in ASCT group and chemotherapy group respectively. The heterogeneity test suggested that clinical efficacy (RR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.17, 1.42], P < 0.00001; P for heterogeneity = 0.0002, I 2 = 72%), side effects (RR = 1.72, 95% CI [1.15, 2.58], P = 0.009; P for Heterogeneity < 0.0001, I² = 85%) and overall 5-year survival rate (RR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.05, 1.29], P = 0.004; P for Heterogeneity = 0.008, I² = 58%) were significantly different between ASCT group and chemotherapy group, while non-disease 5-year survival rate (RR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.04, 1.48], P = 0.02; P for Heterogeneity = 0.22, I² = 24%) appears insignificantly., Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive summary and critical assessment of the current evidence for the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma. The evidence shows that the clinical efficacy of ASCT was better than that of chemotherapy to some extent, but ASCT might lead to more possibility of complications., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2018.)

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of knee with severe lateral instability and summarize the essential points of operation and rehabilitation., Methods: From February 2005 to August 2010, primary TKA was performed in 27 severe lateral unstable knees (25 cases), including 3 males (3 knees) and 22 females (24 knees). Their mean age was 57.8 (37-71) years. And their primary diseases included rheumatoid arthritis (22 knees in 21 cases) and osteoarthritis (5 knees in 4 cases). Thirteen lateral unstable knees were accompanied with 18.08° ± 5.96°(15-35°) varus deformity; in the rest 14 knees, there was medial instability with 20.71° ± 7.03° (15-35°) valgus deformity. Blood loss volume, operative duration and complications were recorded. During the follow-up period, HSS score, knee stability and varus/valgus status were recorded preoperatively, 1, 3, 6, 12 months and then annually postoperatively., Results: AORI type I bone defect was found at the proximal tibia in 18 knees and distal lateral femoral condyle in 10 knees. All defects were reconstructed with cement or autograft. AORI type II bone defects at proximal tibia in 3 knees were reconstructed with metal augmentation. Blood loss during the first 24 hours were (438.9 ± 109.5) (400-700) ml and operative duration (91.1 ± 11.6) (70-110) min. The mean follow-up period was (41.6 ± 10.9) (27-60) months. At the final follow-up, the HSS score increased from (45.8 ± 5.4) to (85.4 ± 4.5) (t = 30.15, P < 0.01) .Five knees in 5 cases had mild postoperative instability. All cases were allowed to walk with knee orthosis for 4-6 weeks. At the end of follow-up, mild lateral instability of 2 knees persisted. One augmented knee had osteolysis beneath metal block., Conclusion: TKA for knees with severe lateral instability requires a deep understanding of causes and a rational treatment. Proper handling of bone defects and careful release of lateral soft tissue are two critical points for postoperative knee stability. Wearing knee orthosis during the early postoperative stage may be helpful or residual mild instability.