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This paper examines whether and how market competition affected the political bias of government-owned newspapers in China from 1981 to 2011. We measure media bias based on coverage of government mouthpiece content (propaganda) relative to commercial content. We first find that a reform that forced newspaper exits (reduced competition) affected media bias by increasing product specialization, with some papers focusing on propaganda and others on commercial content. Second, lower-level governments produce less-biased content and launch commercial newspapers earlier, eroding higher-level governments’ political goals. Third, bottom-up competition intensifies the politico-economic trade-off, leading to product proliferation and less audience exposure to propaganda. (JEL D72, L31, L82, O14, O17, P26, P31) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measure the persuasive effects of slanted news and tastes for like-minded news, exploiting cable channel positions as exogenous shifters of cable news viewership. Channel positions do not correlate with demographics that predict viewership and voting, nor with local satellite viewership. We estimate that Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position. We then estimate a model of voters who select into watching slanted news, and whose ideologies evolve as a result. We use the model to assess the growth over time of Fox News influence, to quantitatively assess media-driven polarization, and to simulate alternative ideological slanting of news channels. (JEL D72, L82) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newspapers of the Basque Country had not yet made fully aware of the importance of media in the fight against terrorism until 1996. From that year ETA began a sustained campaign of attacks to politicians and the media shows a serious change in their press coverage. The Basque press starts a new media strategy which is consolidated in 1997 and finally implemented during 1998. In these two years the media tried to "humanize" the information published about the attacks of ETA. Although the newspapers began to react journalistically to the killings in the 1996-1998 period, we can observe that the information coverage was very different depending on who the victims were. This text is based on a research funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Reference CSO2010-19855). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the individual and combined effects of exposure to positive Latino exemplars and prototypes in the media on White audience members' attitudes about and judgments regarding Latinos in society. Although it was expected that exposure to these favorable models would promote positive evaluations of Latinos among White consumers, the extent to which one mode of presentation could be privileged in the production of more beneficial outcomes was uncertain based on existing research. These results cautiously indicate that while prototypes may offer some advantages in terms of reducing stereotyping, both exemplar- and prototype-based characterizations of positive race-related media content (alone and in combination) can positively influence consumers' perceptions of target racial/ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the parallel between ancient Rome and the modern U.S. in the resurgence of American print journalism, political commentary, and current affairs literature in the first decade of the twenty-first century. It explores the distortion of American prejudices on Roman Republics and Empires and the modern American consciousness of Rome caricatured image which originates in Hollywood films. It also discusses the image of Rome in modern American culture.

The article presents a study which highlights the attempt of the Liberal-National Coalition to marginalise Australian Broadcasting Corp. (ABC) through interfering with the journalistic integrity and independence of the company. It states that a series of interviews was conducted with employees of ABC to support the mass media analysis, online archives of the company, and literature review of the author. It mentions the budget axe enforcing annual budget reduction aims to control its function.