14 results on '"Papastefanou, Phillip"'
Search Results
2. Quantifying the impacts of land cover change on gross primary productivity globally
- Author
-
Krause, Andreas, Papastefanou, Phillip, Gregor, Konstantin, Layritz, Lucia S., Zang, Christian S., Buras, Allan, Li, Xing, Xiao, Jingfeng, and Rammig, Anja
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Pressure from insect‐resistant maize on protected butterflies and moths.
- Author
-
Otto, Mathias, Papastefanou, Phillip, and Fahse, Lorenz
- Subjects
- *
CORN , *ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment , *MOTHS , *BT cotton , *INSECTICIDES , *BUTTERFLIES , *TRANSGENIC plants , *AGRICULTURAL intensification , *PEST control - Abstract
Intensification in agriculture affects many insect species, including butterflies. Insect‐resistant crops, such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, which produces a toxin active against Lepidoptera, are an alternative to insecticide sprays. Genetically modified crops are regulated in most countries and require an environmental risk assessment. In the European Union, such assessments include the use of simulation models to predict the effects on nontarget Lepidoptera (NTL). To support the assessment of protected NTL, we extended an individual‐based, stochastic, spatially explicit mathematical model (LepiX) to include a wider range of exposure scenarios, a species‐sensitivity distribution, and an option for repeated exposure of individuals. We applied the model to transgenic maize DAS‐1507, which expresses a high concentration of Bt toxin in pollen that may be consumed by NTL larvae on their host plants nearby. Even in the most conservative scenario without repeated exposure, mortality estimates for highly sensitive species ranged from 41% to 6% at distances of 10–1000 m from the nearest maize field. Repeated exposure can cause additional mortality and thus is relevant for the overall risk assessment. Uncertainties in both exposure and ecotoxicity estimates strongly influenced the predicted mortalities. Care should be taken to include these uncertainties in the model scenarios used for decision‐making. In accordance with other modeling results, our simulations demonstrated that mean mortality may not be safe for protected species. With its high pollen expression, DAS‐1507 maize may pose risks to sensitive and protected butterfly and moth species that may be difficult to manage. High expression of Bt toxin in pollen is unnecessary for controlling target pests. Consequently, we suggest that Bt maize with high pollen expression not be cultivated in regions where protected butterflies are to be conserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pressure from insect‐resistant maize on protected butterflies and moths
- Author
-
Otto, Mathias, primary, Papastefanou, Phillip, additional, and Fahse, Lorenz, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Trade‐Offs for Climate‐Smart Forestry in Europe Under Uncertain Future Climate
- Author
-
Gregor, Konstantin, Knoke, Thomas, Krause, Andreas, Reyer, Christopher P. O., Lindeskog, Mats, Papastefanou, Phillip, Smith, Benjamin, Lansø, Anne‐Sofie, Rammig, Anja, 1 TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany, 2 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Member of the Leibniz Association Potsdam Germany, 3 Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden, 5 Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aarhus University [Aarhus]
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,SHORT-ROTATION COPPICE ,UNMANAGED FORESTS ,VEGETATION DYNAMICS ,climate‐smart forestry ,LAND-USE ,forest management ,substitution effects ,robust optimization ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,climate change mitigation ,ddc ,CARBON SEQUESTRATION ,climate-smart forestry ,ddc:634.9 ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,MANAGEMENT ,ddc:630 ,GREENHOUSE-GAS CONCENTRATIONS ,LPJ-GUESS V4.0 ,ecosystem services ,BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY ,GENERAL ,Climate and interannual variability ,Numerical modeling ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,Atmospheric ,Geological ,Oceanic ,Physical modeling ,Climate impact ,Risk ,Disaster risk analysis and assessment ,OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL ,Air/sea interactions ,Decadal ocean variability ,Ocean influence of Earth rotation ,Sea level: variations and mean ,Surface waves and tides ,Tsunamis and storm surges ,PALEOCEANOGRAPHY ,POLICY SCIENCES ,Benefit-cost analysis ,RADIO SCIENCE ,Radio oceanography ,SEISMOLOGY ,Earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology ,Volcano seismology ,TECTONOPHYSICS ,Evolution of the Earth ,VOLCANOLOGY ,Volcano/climate interactions ,Atmospheric effects ,Volcano monitoring ,Effusive volcanism ,Mud volcanism ,Explosive volcanism ,Volcanic hazards and risks ,GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION ,Europe ,Research Article ,robust optimization [ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE ,Air/sea constituent fluxes ,Biosphere/atmosphere interactions ,Evolution of the atmosphere ,Volcanic effects ,BIOGEOSCIENCES ,Modeling ,Climate dynamics ,COMPUTATIONAL GEOPHYSICS ,Numerical solutions ,CRYOSPHERE ,Avalanches ,Mass balance ,GEODESY AND GRAVITY ,Ocean monitoring with geodetic techniques ,Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions ,Global change from geodesy ,GLOBAL CHANGE ,Impacts of global change ,Land/atmosphere interactions ,Abrupt/rapid climate change ,Atmosphere ,Climate variability ,Earth system modeling ,Oceans ,Regional climate change ,Sea level change ,Solid Earth ,Water cycles ,HYDROLOGY ,Climate impacts ,Hydrological cycles and budgets ,INFORMATICS ,MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS ,Gravity and isostasy ,ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ,Climate change and variability ,Climatology ,General circulation ,Ocean/atmosphere interactions ,Regional modeling ,Theoretical modeling ,OCEANOGRAPHY] ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Forests mitigate climate change by storing carbon and reducing emissions via substitution effects of wood products. Additionally, they provide many other important ecosystem services (ESs), but are vulnerable to climate change; therefore, adaptation is necessary. Climate‐smart forestry combines mitigation with adaptation, whilst facilitating the provision of many ESs. This is particularly challenging due to large uncertainties about future climate. Here, we combined ecosystem modeling with robust multi‐criteria optimization to assess how the provision of various ESs (climate change mitigation, timber provision, local cooling, water availability, and biodiversity habitat) can be guaranteed under a broad range of climate futures across Europe. Our optimized portfolios contain 29% unmanaged forests, and implicate a successive conversion of 34% of coniferous to broad‐leaved forests (11% vice versa). Coppices practically vanish from Southern Europe, mainly due to their high water requirement. We find the high shares of unmanaged forests necessary to keep European forests a carbon sink while broad‐leaved and unmanaged forests contribute to local cooling through biogeophysical effects. Unmanaged forests also pose the largest benefit for biodiversity habitat. However, the increased shares of unmanaged and broad‐leaved forests lead to reductions in harvests. This raises the question of how to meet increasing wood demands without transferring ecological impacts elsewhere or enhancing the dependence on more carbon‐intensive industries. Furthermore, the mitigation potential of forests depends on assumptions about the decarbonization of other industries and is consequently crucially dependent on the emission scenario. Our findings highlight that trade‐offs must be assessed when developing concrete strategies for climate‐smart forestry., Plain Language Summary: Forests help mitigate climate change by storing carbon and via avoided emissions when wood products replace more carbon‐intensive materials. At the same time, forests provide many other “ecosystem services (ESs)” to society. For example, they provide timber, habitat for various species, and they cool their surrounding regions. They are, however, also vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Forest management must consider all these aspects, which is particularly challenging considering the uncertainty about future climate. Here, we propose how this may be tackled by computing optimized forest management portfolios for Europe for a broad range of future climate pathways. Our results show that changes to forest composition are necessary. In particular, increased shares of unmanaged and broad‐leaved forests are beneficial for numerous ESs. However, these increased shares also lead to decreases in harvest rates, posing a conflict between wood supply and demand. We further show that the mitigation potential of forests strongly depends on how carbon‐intensive the replaced materials are. Consequently, should these materials become “greener” due to new technologies, the importance of wood products in terms of climate change mitigation decreases. Our study highlights that we cannot optimize every aspect, but that trade‐offs between ESs need to be made., Key Points: Strategies for climate‐smart forestry under a range of climate scenarios always lead to trade‐offs between different ecosystem services (ESs). Higher shares of unmanaged and broad‐leaved forests are beneficial for numerous ESs, but lead to decreased timber provision. The mitigation potential of forests strongly relies on substitution effects which depend on the carbon‐intensity of the alternative products., European Forest Institute (EFI) Networking Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013942, Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Bayerisches Netzwerk für Klimaforschung (BayKliF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004563, Swedish Research Council Formas, German Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6667489, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6612953
- Published
- 2022
6. Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
- Author
-
Papastefanou, Phillip, primary, Zang, Christian S., additional, Angelov, Zlatan, additional, de Castro, Aline Anderson, additional, Jimenez, Juan Carlos, additional, De Rezende, Luiz Felipe Campos, additional, Ruscica, Romina C., additional, Sakschewski, Boris, additional, Sörensson, Anna A., additional, Thonicke, Kirsten, additional, Vera, Carolina, additional, Viovy, Nicolas, additional, Von Randow, Celso, additional, and Rammig, Anja, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Dynamic Model for Strategies and Dynamics of Plant Water-Potential Regulation Under Drought Conditions
- Author
-
Papastefanou, Phillip, primary, Zang, Christian S., additional, Pugh, Thomas A. M., additional, Liu, Daijun, additional, Grams, Thorsten E. E., additional, Hickler, Thomas, additional, and Rammig, Anja, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics
- Author
-
Mahecha, Miguel D., primary, Gans, Fabian, additional, Brandt, Gunnar, additional, Christiansen, Rune, additional, Cornell, Sarah E., additional, Fomferra, Normann, additional, Kraemer, Guido, additional, Peters, Jonas, additional, Bodesheim, Paul, additional, Camps-Valls, Gustau, additional, Donges, Jonathan F., additional, Dorigo, Wouter, additional, Estupinan-Suarez, Lina M., additional, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor H., additional, Gutwin, Martin, additional, Jung, Martin, additional, Londoño, Maria C., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Papastefanou, Phillip, additional, and Reichstein, Markus, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates
- Author
-
Krah, Franz-Sebastian, primary, Büntgen, Ulf, additional, Schaefer, Hanno, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Andrew, Carrie, additional, Boddy, Lynne, additional, Diez, Jeffrey, additional, Egli, Simon, additional, Freckleton, Robert, additional, Gange, Alan C., additional, Halvorsen, Rune, additional, Heegaard, Einar, additional, Heideroth, Antje, additional, Heibl, Christoph, additional, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, additional, Høiland, Klaus, additional, Kar, Ritwika, additional, Kauserud, Håvard, additional, Kirk, Paul M., additional, Kuyper, Thomas W., additional, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, additional, Norden, Jenni, additional, Papastefanou, Phillip, additional, Senn-Irlet, Beatrice, additional, and Bässler, Claus, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A generic pixel-to-point comparison for simulated large-scale ecosystem properties and ground-based observations: an example from the Amazon region
- Author
-
Rammig, Anja, Heinke, Jens, Hofhansl, Florian, Verbeeck, Hans, Baker, Timothy R., Christoffersen, Bradley, Ciais, Philippe, De Deurwaerder, Hannes, Fleischer, Katrin, Galbraith, David, Guimberteau, Matthieu, Huth, Andreas, Johnson, Michelle, Krujit, Bart, Langerwisch, Fanny, Meir, Patrick, Papastefanou, Phillip, Sampaio, Gilvan, Thonicke, Kirsten, von Randow, Celso, Zang, Christian, and Rödig, Edna
- Subjects
ddc - Published
- 2017
11. A generic pixel-to-point comparison for simulated large-scale ecosystem properties and ground-based observations: an example from the Amazon region
- Author
-
Rammig, Anja, primary, Heinke, Jens, additional, Hofhansl, Florian, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Baker, Timothy R., additional, Christoffersen, Bradley, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, De Deurwaerder, Hannes, additional, Fleischer, Katrin, additional, Galbraith, David, additional, Guimberteau, Matthieu, additional, Huth, Andreas, additional, Johnson, Michelle, additional, Krujit, Bart, additional, Langerwisch, Fanny, additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, Papastefanou, Phillip, additional, Sampaio, Gilvan, additional, Thonicke, Kirsten, additional, von Randow, Celso, additional, Zang, Christian, additional, and Rödig, Edna, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Quantifying the spatial extent and intensity of recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest and their impacts on the carbon cycle.
- Author
-
Papastefanou, Phillip, Zang, Christian S., Angelov, Zlatan, de Castro, Aline Anderson, Jimenez, Juan Carlos, De Rezende, Luiz Felipe Campos, Ruscica, Romina, Sakschewski, Boris, Sörensson, Anna, Thonicke, Kirsten, Vera, Carolina, Viovy, Nicolas, Von Randow, Celso, and Rammig, Anja
- Subjects
DROUGHT management ,BIG data ,RAIN forests ,RAINFALL anomalies ,DROUGHTS - Abstract
Over the last decades, the Amazon rainforest was hit by multiple severe drought events. Here we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010, and 2015/2016 in the Amazon region and their impacts on the carbon cycle. As an indicator of drought stress in the Amazon rainforest, we use the widely applied maximum cumulative water deficit (ΔMCWD). Evaluating an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art precipitation datasets for the Amazon region, we find that the spatial extent of the drought in 2005 ranges from 2.8 to 4.2 (mean = 3.2) million km
2 (46-71 % of the Amazon basin, mean = 53 %) where ΔMCWD indicates at least moderate drought conditions (ΔMCWD anomaly < 25 mm). In 2010, the affected area was about 16 % larger, ranging from 3.1 up to 4.6 (mean = 3.7) million km2 (52-78 %, mean = 63 %). In 2016, the mean area affected by drought stress was similar to 2005 (mean = 3.2 million km2 ; 55 % of the Amazon basin), but the general disagreement between data sets was larger, ranging from 2.4 up to 4.1 million km2 (40-70 %). In addition, we compare differences and similarities among datasets using the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) and a rainfall anomaly index (RAI). We find that scPDSI shows a much stronger, and RAI a much weaker drought impact in terms of extent and severity for 2016 compared to ΔMCWD. Using an empirical ΔMCWD-mortality relationship, we calculate biomass losses of the three drought events. We show that eight of ten datasets agree on biomass losses of about 1.8 PgC for the drought years 2005 and 2010, indicating that the more intense drought in 2005 equals a larger total area of the 2010 drought regarding biomass loss. For the 2015/2016 drought event, datasets show a large variability of biomass loss induced by drought stress ranging from 1.3 to 2.7 PgC with a mean loss of 1.8 PgC. Disagreement across datasets increased, (1) when comparing the total area of more severe and extreme drought signals and (2) when comparing spatial drought location across datasets. Generally, only half of the datasets agreed on the location of a drought event. We conclude that for deriving impacts of droughts to the Amazon Basin based on precipitation, an ensemble of datasets should be considered. This is especially relevant when assessing the impact of drought on the Amazon rainforest and its carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Estimating acute mortality of Lepidoptera caused by the cultivation of insect-resistant Bt maize – The LepiX model
- Author
-
Fahse, Lorenz, primary, Papastefanou, Phillip, additional, and Otto, Mathias, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics.
- Author
-
Mahecha, Miguel D., Gans, Fabian, Brandt, Gunnar, Christiansen, Rune, Cornell, Sarah E., Fomferra, Normann, Kraemer, Guido, Peters, Jonas, Bodesheim, Paul, Camps-Valls, Gustau, Donges, Jonathan F., Dorigo, Wouter, Estupiñan-Suarez, Lina, Gutierrez-Velez, Victor H., Gutwin, Martin, Jung, Martin, Londoño, Maria C., Miralles, Diego G., Papastefanou, Phillip, and Reichstein, Markus
- Subjects
DATA integration ,EARTH system science ,SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) ,CUBES ,ECOSYSTEM dynamics - Abstract
Understanding Earth system dynamics in the light of ongoing human intervention and dependency remains a major scientific challenge. The unprecedented availability of data streams describing different facets of the Earth now offers fundamentally new avenues to address this quest. However, several practical hurdles, especially the lack of data interoperability, limit the joint potential of these data streams. Today many initiatives within and beyond the Earth system sciences are exploring new approaches to overcome these hurdles and meet the growing inter-disciplinary need for data-intensive research; using data cubes is one promising avenue. Here, we introduce the concept ofEarth system data cubes and how to operate on them in a formal way. The idea is that treating multiple data dimensions, such as spatial, temporal, variable, frequency and other grids alike, allows effective application of user-defined functions to co-interpret Earth observations and/or model-data. An implementation of this concept combines analysis-ready data cubes with a suitable analytic interface. In three case studies we demonstrate how the concept and its implementation facilitate the execution of complex workflows for research across multiple variables, spatial and temporal scales: (1) summary statistics for ecosystem and climate dynamics; (2) intrinsic dimensionality analysis on multiple time-scales; and (3) data-model integration. We discuss the emerging perspectives for investigating global interacting and coupled phenomena in observed or simulated data. Latest developments in machine learning, causal inference, and model data integration can be seamlessly implemented in the proposed framework, supporting rapid progress in data-intensive research across disciplinary boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.