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International audience; This chapter explores the act of professional writing. The analysis shows that a professional writer needs to master the linguistic code but also high level written communication skills (Beaudet, 2010; Clerc & Beaudet, 2008; Labasse 2008). By analogy to the research about the two processes reading, analytical reading and global reading, we hypothesize that the expertise of a " professional writing " is on the co-management of the analytical writing and the global writing. The writing process must be done within an overall writing effort integrating elements of denotation and connotation of the co-enun-ciators. For that, we will compare the practice of professional writing to his " interactional effectiveness " (Clerc & Beaudet, 2008; Romain, Pereira & Rey, 2015). Our corpus consists of editorials, claim forms, and other written communication published by a general council and by a French city, and written materials for a site on urban den-sification. The goal of this analysis is to identify the elements of the functional writing and those of professional writing by studying the language skills: technical writing, discourse analysis , interactional pragmatic, linguistic politeness, and rhetoric. We will observe the organization of the technical elements of writing; language choices (methods of inquiry and skill, speech acts,. . .) leading to the development of an interperson-al relationship and specific interdiscursive elements; tools of linguistic politeness in the service of clarity and informative-ness; and tools of rhetoric in the service of persuasion and the fit between form and content.

International audience

International audience

The aging workforce is an inexorable social phenomenon that emerges in the organizational setting, suggesting expand opportunities for older professionals. International studies show that few organizations consider professionals over 45 years old as targets either for selection or career development purposes. In Brazil there are still few studies focused on age diversity. The objective of this study was to understand the phenomenon of ageism at work from the over 45 years old unemployed manager standpoint. A qualitative study was made having as sample eighteen professionals over 45 years old, who used to work at managerial level who were seeking placement in a timeframe from two months to one year. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis approach based on significant open issues categorization. Data analysis generated five categories that allowed us to understand how the ageism appeared for the respondents, in a professional context: (1) Career Path; (2) Facing the reality of the selection process; (3) Training and Development; (4) Is there an adequate age?; (5) Effects of ageism in personal life. The phenomenon of ageism, while providing profound consequences, is not always clear for the ones subjected to it. The results direct to the need for specific interventions because, contrary to what occurs with racial or gender diversity, initiatives to increase the age diversity in organizations are rarely undertaken. O envelhecimento da força de trabalho é um fenômeno social inexorável que desponta no cenário organizacional, sugerindo a necessidade de ampliar as oportunidades para profissionais mais velhos . Estudos internacionais revelam que poucas organizações consideram como alvo de seleção e desenvolvimento de carreiras profissionais com idade acima de 45 anos. No Brasil ainda são escassos os estudos voltados à diversidade etária. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o fenômeno do etarismo no trabalho por meio do olhar de gerentes desempregados, com idade acima de 45 anos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos de pesquisa dezoito profissionais com no mínimo 45 anos, que atuaram em nível gerencial em organizações empresariais e que se encontravam em busca de colocação há dois meses a até um ano. As entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram analisadas à luz de uma abordagem qualitativa de análise de conteúdo, baseada em categorização aberta de temas significativos. A análise dos dados gerou cinco categorias que permitiram compreender como o etarismo foi revelado pelos respondentes, no contexto profissional: (1) Trajetória Profissional; (2) Enfrentando a realidade do processo seletivo; (3) Treinamento e Desenvolvimento; (4) Há Idade Certa? e Marcas do Etarismo na Vida Pessoal. O fenômeno do etarismo, embora traga conseqüências profundas, nem sempre é nítido para quem é submetido a ele. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de intervenções específicas, pois, ao contrário do que ocorre com a diversidade racial ou de gênero, raramente são empreendidas iniciativas para aumentar a diversidade etária nas organizações.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are at high risk of severe COVID-19. We measured 436 circulating proteins in serial blood samples from hospitalised and non-hospitalised ESKD patients with COVID-19 (n = 256 samples from 55 patients). Comparison to 51 non-infected patients revealed 221 differentially expressed proteins, with consistent results in a separate subcohort of 46 COVID-19 patients. Two hundred and three proteins were associated with clinical severity, including IL6, markers of monocyte recruitment (e.g. CCL2, CCL7), neutrophil activation (e.g. proteinase-3), and epithelial injury (e.g. KRT19). Machine-learning identified predictors of severity including IL18BP, CTSD, GDF15, and KRT19. Survival analysis with joint models revealed 69 predictors of death. Longitudinal modelling with linear mixed models uncovered 32 proteins displaying different temporal profiles in severe versus non-severe disease, including integrins and adhesion molecules. These data implicate epithelial damage, innate immune activation, and leucocyte–endothelial interactions in the pathology of severe COVID-19 and provide a resource for identifying drug targets., eLife digest COVID-19 varies from a mild illness in some people to fatal disease in others. Patients with severe disease tend to be older and have underlying medical problems. People with kidney failure have a particularly high risk of developing severe or fatal COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 have high levels of inflammation, causing damage to tissues around the body. Many drugs that target inflammation have already been developed for other diseases. Therefore, to repurpose existing drugs or design new treatments, it is important to determine which proteins drive inflammation in COVID-19. Here, Gisby, Clarke, Medjeral-Thomas et al. measured 436 proteins in the blood of patients with kidney failure and compared the levels between patients who had COVID-19 to those who did not. This revealed that patients with COVID-19 had increased levels of hundreds of proteins involved in inflammation and tissue injury. Using a combination of statistical and machine learning analyses, Gisby et al. probed the data for proteins that might predict a more severe disease progression. In total, over 200 proteins were linked to disease severity, and 69 with increased risk of death. Tracking how levels of blood proteins changed over time revealed further differences between mild and severe disease. Comparing this data with a similar study of COVID-19 in people without kidney failure showed many similarities. This suggests that the findings may apply to COVID-19 patients more generally. Identifying the proteins that are a cause of severe COVID-19 – rather than just correlated with it – is an important next step that could help to select new drugs for severe COVID-19.