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Several groups within tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) formed, independently, an (obligate) pollination mutualism with Epicephala moths, which originally had been parasitic. In this pollination system, female moths actively collect pollen from staminate flowers and deposit it on the stigma of pistillate flowers, after which they place at least one egg in or against the ovary. The high pollination rate makes the system beneficial for the plants, whereas the larvae are provided with food (part of the developing seeds) and some protection against predation. Qualitative comparisons are made between non-moth-pollinated lineages, used as outgroups and various, independently moth-pollinated Phyllantheae clades, used as ingroups, thereby looking for parallel developments. The flowers of both sexes of various groups display similar, convergent morphological adaptations to the pollination system, likely to secure the obligate relationship and to improve efficiency. Sepals in both sexes, free or partly to highly connate, are commonly upright and form a narrow tube. The staminate flowers often have united, vertical stamens with the anthers along the androphore or on top of the androphore. Pistillate flowers generally reduce the stigmatic surface, either by making the stigmas shorter or by uniting them into a cone with a small opening at the top for pollen deposition. Less obvious is the reduction of the stigmatic papillae; these are often present in non-moth-pollinated taxa, but absent in the moth-pollinated species. The most diverging, parallel adaptations to moth pollination are currently found in the Palaeotropics, whereas in the Neotropics, some groups continue to also be pollinated by other insect groups and are morphologically less changed.

Phyllanthus megastylus Marques-Torres & M.J. Silva, sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2) Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, S „o Sebasti„o, Várzea Alegre, 1,4 km de Santa Barbara na estrada para Colatina, Fazenda Sr. Djalma Novelli, 19º50’48”S, 40º43’10”W, 30 January 2002, fl., fr., J . R. Pirani, A . C. Marcato, M. Groppo Jr., P. Fiaschi, & V. Demuner 4924 (holotype SPF!; isotype SP!). Diagnosis:— Phyllanthus megastylus differs from P. itamarajuensis by its densely papillose branches, narrowoblong leaves with 12–14 pairs of secondary veins, pink pistillate flowers, disk with undulate margin and punctiform stigmas. Description:—Erect subshrubs, 40–50 cm tall, monoecious, branching phyllantoid. Main stem brownish, densely papillose with scars left by deciduous phyllantoid branching, these measuring 5–12 cm long, are cylindrical, pinatiform, brownish, densely papillose, and distributed along the main stem or its ramifications. Cataphylls 0.5–1 mm long, triangular or ovate, apex acute, margin entire, scarious, membranaceous, surface smooth, glabrous, persistent. Stipules 1–1.5 mm long, triangular or oval, apex acute, margin entire, membranaceous, surface smooth, glabrous, persistent. Petiole 0.5–0.8 mm long, cylindrical, slender, smooth, glabrous; leaf blade 10–14 × 5–7 mm, alternate distichous, oblong, base asymmetrical-rounded, apex obtuse, sometimes slightly rounded, face abaxial and adaxial glabrous, discretely papillose, membranaceous, discolor, margin entire, with 12–14 pairs of secondary veins, brochidodromous. Staminate cymules with two flowers, one in maturity and the other in bud, concentrated mainly in the basal portion of the branches and solitary pistillate flower, concentrated mainly in the terminal portion. Staminate bracts 1.5–2 mm long, linear, apex acute, margin discreetly serrate, membranaceous, surface smooth. Staminate flowers: pedicel 4–6 mm long, whitish, smooth; sepals 5, 1.2–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, uniseriate, obovate, apex rounded, whitish, with greenish central vein, membranaceous, margin entire; 5-segmented glandular disk, segments obtriangular, surface verruculose, margin entire, alternating sepals; stamens 3, 1.2–1.8 mm long, free, anthers with horizontal dehiscence. Pistillate bracts 1.5–2 mm long, linear, apex acute, margin entire, membranaceous, surface smooth. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 12–19 mm long, pinkish, smooth; sepals 5, 2.2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, uniseriate, widely obovate, apex obtuse, pinkish, vein conspicuous, membranaceous, margin entire; disk patelliform, margin undulate; ovary ca. 1 × 1 mm, globose, greenish or pinkish, smooth, glabrous; styles 3, 2.4–2.7 mm long, free, bifid, discreetly papillose, erect, stigmas punctiform. Capsules immature, ca. 2 × 2 mm globose, smooth, glabrous. Seeds immature ca. 1mm long, trigonous. Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, S „o Sebasti„o, Várzea Alegre, Fazenda do Djalma Novelli, encosta com riacho encachoeirado, 19º50’44”S, 40º42’58”W, 11 September 2021, fl., A. M . Torres & R. S. Ribeiro 235 (UFG); Ibid., 11 September 2021, fl., A. M . Torres & R. S. Ribeiro 236 (UFG); Ibid., 11 September 2021, fl., A. M . Torres & R. S. Ribeiro 237 (UFG); Ibid., S „o Sebasti„o, (Propriedade Djalma Novelli), 26 September 2000, fl., V . Demuner & E. Bausen 1397 (MBML). Distribution and habitat:— Phyllanthus megastylus is restricted to the municipality of Santa Teresa, in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (Fig. 3), where it grows in the Atlantic Forest, on the edge of a slope in a highly disturbed forest patch, next to a stream in overgrown environments. Etymology:—The specific epithet “ megastylus ” refers to the long styles of the new species, a feature rarely reported for species of Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Phyllanthus . Phenology:—Collected with flowers in January and September and with fruits in September. Preliminary conservation status:— Species with an estimated Area of Occupancy of 8 km 2, and therefore must be classified as Critically Endangered (CR). However, the new species is only known from four collections from the same locality, and it grows in a type of vegetation common in the state of Espírito Santo, which means that it can be collected in other places in the state. Therefore, the species should be categorized as Data Deficient (DD). Stem and Leaf Anatomy:— Phyllanthus megastylus and P. itamarajuensis have uniseriate epidermis on both leaf surfaces, with common cells rounded, rectangular, or ovate, cells with straight periclinal and anticlinal walls straight or slightly sinuous, covered by a thin cuticle (Fig. 4A, G). The leaves are hypostomatic, with stomata occurring at the same level as the common epidermal cells with tiny substomatal chambers (Fig. 4 B, H). In cross-section, the epidermal cells of the abaxial and adaxial surface have different sizes, some of the in a papillose aspect (Fig. 4 A, G). In these species, the mesophyll is dorsiventral (Fig. 4 A, G). The palisade parenchyma is constituted by a single layer of cells obovoid or conic loosely arranged containing phenolic compounds (Fig. 4 A, G). In P. megastylus the spongy parenchyma is formed by two layers of cells with rounded to rectangular shapes with large intercellular spaces (Fig. 4 A), while in P. itamarajuensis three layers of cells with the same shapes are found (Fig. 4 G). In this region, druses were observed in P. megastylus (Fig. 4 A). The edge was rounded in P. megastylus (Fig. 4 B) and obtuse in P. itamarajuensis (Fig. 4 I), being the cell walls thickened in the first species than in the second. The midrib in both species, has contour biconvex, epidermis uniseriate with quadrangular, rectangular, and rounded common cells covered by a thin cuticle (Fig. 4 C, J). In P. megastylus, the adaxial surface of the midrib is formed by two or three layers of typically parenchymal cells (Fig. 4 C), while P. itamarajuensis has a layer of palisade parenchyma and 3 layers of ground parenchyma (Fig. 4 J). On the abaxial surface, P. megastylus presents two layers of ground parenchyma (Fig. 4 C), and in P. itamarajuensis (Fig. 4 J) three layers are observed. The vascular bundles of both species are collateral (Fig. 4 D, K). However, only P. megastylus present one to three layers of fibers adjacent to the vascular tissues (Fig. 4 D), whereas in P. itamarajuensis the vascular tissues are surrounding only by parenchyma cells being those associated to the vascular cells tinier (Fig. 4 K). Both species have petioles with circular outline, uniseriate epidermis with rounded or transversely elliptic cells and a thick cuticle (Fig. 4 E, L). In both species, the cortex consists of three or four layers of parenchyma with rounded or quadrangular cells (Fig. 4 E, L). The vascular bundles is collateral in an open arch in both species (Fig. 4 F, M), however the vascular bundles are surrounded by fibers only in P. megastylus (Fig. 4 F). Both species have stems with circular outline and only primary structure (Fig. 5 A, E). The epidermis is uniseriate and composed by rounded common cells, rectangular, quadrangular, ovoid and transversely elliptic, with walls uniformly delgate and cuticle thin (Fig. 5 B, F). Larger epidermal cells of varying sizes were observed only in P. megastylus (Fig. 5 B). The cortex of the studied species consists of three or four layers of ground parenchyma composed by rounded or rectangular cells with straight or slightly sinuous walls of different sizes (Fig. 5 B, F). In perivascular position was observed two layers of gelatinous fibers on both species, while the xylematic fibers are gelatinous and libriform (Fig. 5 C, G). In P. megastylus cells containing druses are observed in the cortical parenchyma (Fig. 5 B). In both species the collateral vascular bundles are arranged in a ring shape (Fig. 5 C, G). The outermost vessels of the phloem are arranged together with the parenchyma cells and fibers (Fig. 5 C, G). The pith of P. megastylus is composed of cells with thick walls that store large grains of starch (Fig. 5 D) while in P. itamarajuensis the pith is composed of cells with non-thickened walls (Fig. 5 H).

A new species of Amanoa (Phyllanthaceae) is described from the sandstone Nangaritza Plateau in the Cordillera del Cóndor Region in southern Ecuador. Amanoa condorensis J.L.Clark & D.A.Neill is a small tree, 4 m tall that is only known from the type collection. The new species is distinct by a shrub habit, presence of coriaceous leaves with an acuminate apex, and congested inflorescences. The relatively high elevation of the type locality, presence of an androphore, and the habit as shrub or low tree are an unusual combination for Amanoa. The conservation status of A. condorensis is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), based on IUCN Criteria.

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for gout and other cardiovascular diseases. One of the therapies used is Allopurinol. Unfortunately, it has unwanted side effects. These conditions made researchers continue to seek and develop alternative treatments from natural products. One of which is from plants of the Phyllanthus genus. One of their contents was polyphenols, especially flavonoids. It is an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia because of its minimal side effects. The flavonoids in this genus were reported to have xanthine oxidase inhibitory: quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin with IC50 values ​​from 0.44 M to > 100μM. The presence of π-π interactions between planar rings A and C on flavones with phe 1009 and phe 914 and the addition of hydroxyl groups on flavonoid compounds plays a crucial role in inhibiting xanthine oxidase.

16. Cleistanthus saichikii Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) in Philipp. J. Sci. 23(3): 248. 1923. TYPE:— CHINA. Hainan: Fan Ta, 18 April 1922, F. A. McClure 2590 (i.e. Canton Christian College Herbarium 9148) (syntype: PNH, destroyed, A 00045975 image!, A 00045976 image!). McClure 9148 was the only gathering cited in the protologue of the name Cleistanthus saichikii Merr. (Merrill, 1923). However, the collecting number on the label of the syntype specimen (A 00045975) is 2590, while its herbarium number is Canton Christian College Herbarium 9148. Thus, the collecting number cited in the protologue is to be corrected., Published as part of Lin, Yun, Bi, Hai-Yan, Sun, Jun & Sun, Qian, 2023, Correction of collecting number errors in the protologues of sixty-four taxon names from China, pp. 271-282 in Phytotaxa 598 (4) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7983799, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1923) Diagnoses of Hainan Plants, II. The Philippine Journal of Science 23 (3): 237 - 268."]}

7. Antidesma hainanensis Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) in Philipp. J. Sci. 21(4): 347. 1922. TYPE:— CHINA. Hainan: Wuzhishan, Five Finger Mt. (i.e. Wuzhi Shan), alt. 700 m, 20 December 1921, F. A. McClure 2113 (i.e. Canton Christian College Herbarium 8702) (syntype: PNH, destroyed, A 00045626 image!, A 00045627 image!). McClure 8702 was the only gathering cited in the protologue of the name Antidesma hainanensis Merr. (Merrill, 1922a). However, the collecting number on the label of the syntype specimen (A 00045626) exists in A is 2113, while the herbarium number is Canton Christian College Herbarium 8702. Thus, the collecting number cited in the protologue is to be corrected., Published as part of Lin, Yun, Bi, Hai-Yan, Sun, Jun & Sun, Qian, 2023, Correction of collecting number errors in the protologues of sixty-four taxon names from China, pp. 271-282 in Phytotaxa 598 (4) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7983799, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1922 a) Diagnoses of Hainan Plants. The Philippine Journal of Science 21 (4): 337 - 355."]}

Leichhardtia weari Gâteblé, Meve & Liede, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 3, 4)), (LSID: 77315163-1). Type: — NEW CALEDONIA. Province Nord. Poum, Yandé Island, Mariri, 17 m, 20°02’46.265’’S, 163°47’48.628’’E, 21 August 2021, Fleurot & Dayé 902 (holotype, P!; isotype, NOU [NOU091991!]). Diagnosis: — Leichhardtia weari is most similar to L. neomicrostoma and L. mackeeorum (Meve et al. 2017: 60) Liede et al. in LiedeSchumann et al. (2020: 122) but differs from the former by leaves 1.5–5 mm long, peduncle nearly absent (to 0.3 mm), corolla 2–3 mm long, pollinia broadly ellipsoid and around 0.2 mm long (vs. leaves 6 to 8 cm long, peduncle 5–7 mm long, corolla 4–6 mm long, pollinia oblong and around 0.33 mm long in L. neomicrostoma). Leichhardtia weari differs from L. mackeeorum by sciadoidal inflorescences, corolla tube rounded in outline and longer than wide, corolla lobes widely pubescent to pilose (vs. bostrychoid inflorescences, corolla tube rounded pentagonal in outline and broader than long, corolla adaxially bearded below sinus of otherwise glabrous corolla lobes in L. mackeeorum). Plants suffrutescent, ascending, twining 0.5 to 1 m high, up to 1 cm in diameter at the base, sparsely branched. Shoots semi - perennial, herbaceous, sericeous with 0.15–0.25 mm long trichomes; internodes 0.5–2 cm long, 1–2 mm diam. Latex white, abundant. Leaves opposite; petiole 1–3.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm, canaliculate, sericeous especially on adaxial surface with 0.2–0.3 mm long trichomes, green to reddish on fresh material; blade without colleters at base (1.5–) 2.5– 4.1 (–5.1) × (0.2–)0.3–0.4 (–0.5) cm, flat, linear (to very narrowly spatulate), apex with mucro 0.3–0.5 mm long; base cuneate, margin entire, slightly revolute, coriaceous, both surfaces mostly glabrous with rare scattered short trichomes, discolorous, adaxially green, abaxially usually purplish; midrib protruding abaxially, impressed adaxially, secondaries indistinct. Inflorescences extra-axillary, condensed, sciadioidal racemes, 5–15 flowered, 1–5 flowers open at a time. Peduncles 0.2–0.3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, sericeous with ca. 0.2 mm long trichomes. Flowers with floral bracts ca. 0.2 × 0.1 mm, triangular, with trichomes, caducous. Pedicels 1–3 × 0.3–0.5 mm, green to purplish, mostly glabrous with rare short trichomes. Floral buds 2–2.5 × 1.5–1.9 mm, ovoid. Calyx with 1–2 calycine colleters in sepal sinuses, sepals quincuncial, 1.3 × 1 mm, broadly ovate with round apex, brownish-red, ciliate, abaxially densely pubescent, especially in the central part and flanked with more or less glabrous sides. Corolla tubular to narrowly urceolate, slightly fleshy, glabrous, whitish; tube ca. 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial corolla surface with two broad rings of trichomes, an upper one consisting of long antrorse, white trichomes on the basal halves of the corolla lobes and mouth of the tube, forming a cone of trichomes closing the corolla throat and hiding the gynostegium, a lower one consisting of scattered, horizontally spreading white trichomes surrounding the gynostegium; corolla lobes valvate in bud, lobes up to ca. 1 × 1 mm, triangular to broadly ovate, bent upward at anthesis, apically often pinksish, margins thin, even. Corolline corona absent; gynostegial corona of free staminal lobes, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide basally, shorter than the gynostegium; lobes ligulate, whitish, laminar, with recurved margins. Gynostegium subsessile, conical, ca. 1.2 × 1.3 mm, filament tube basally with wing-like extensions; anther wings (guide-rails) ca. 300 µm long, consisting of distal and proximal ridge, oblique to 20–25°; connective appendages ca. 450 × 300 µm, lanceolate, narrower than the stamen, conniventerect and appressed to style-head. Pollinarium: corpusculum 180–205 × 60–70 µm, oblong; caudicles ca. 150 × 30 µm, basally inserted at the corpusculum, bent upwards, linear, slightly broadened at both ends; pollinia basally attached to the caudicles, erect, ca. 200 × 100 µm, broadly ellipsoid, narrowly elliptic in cross-section. Style-head ca. 0.9 × 0.8 mm diam., upper part ca. 0.5 mm long, conical. Ovaries ovoid, glabrous. Follicles unknown. Additional specimens examined: NEW CALEDONIA: Poum, Yandé, Mariri, 15 m, 20°02’48.207’’S, 163°47’48.207’’E, 11 June 2021, Fleurot, Yandé people & Caledonia TV Wéari team 838 (NOU [NOU091854]); ibid. loc., 24 m, 20°02’38.975’’S, 163°47’50.202’’E, 21 August 2021, Fleurot & Dayé 905 (NOU [NOU0091993, NOU107969 alc.], UBT alc.). Phenology: —Flowering in June and August. Distribution and habitat:— New Caledonia, narrow endemic to the island of Yandé in the extreme north of Grande Terre. The species is known from degraded maquis vegetation (Fig. 1B) on serpentine soils (a kind of soils derived from ultramafic and more specifically from serpentinite rocks) at low elevation (14–17 m). It is so far only recorded from the Mariri creek area at the base of the Bwaadé massif (Fig. 4). Etymology:—The name refers to the Wéari programme from the Caledonia television channel and made available on YouTube. The Caledonia channel journalist Cédric Tyea named his programme Wéari because it is a word meaning protect, preserve or conserve in Paicî native language from the Paicî-Cèmuhi customary area. Paicî is the most spoken native language on mainland New Caledonia and its area of influence is between Monéo to Amoa on the east coast and Poya to Koné on the west coast (https://www.alk.nc/langues/paici). Yandé (or Yaadé) Island belongs to the Hoot ma Whaap customary area, to the Nénéma district and the native language spoken there is the Nêlêmwa (Bril 2002). The customary authorities of Yandé, Dominique Fleurot and Cédric Tyea welcome the proposed specific epithet. The epithet is here treated as a word in apposition and indeclinable (Turland et al. 2018, Art. 23.1, 23.2) as advocated for example for names derived from native languages in New Zealand (Webb et al. 1999, Heenan et al. 2021). Conservation status:—The narrow endemic Leichhardtia weari is restricted to the island of Yandé. Chromium and cobalt used to be mined at the end of 19 th century and the beginning of 20 th century and presumably participated (along with probably deliberately set fires for mining access) to the lunar-like or tragic erosion situation known nowadays. Three mining rights have expired and one remains active (in the northern and highest part of the island) but without being operated (https://georep.nc/explorateur-cartographique). Thanks to its isolation and to the small concession, there should be no mining threat in the near future. The main current threat to the biodiversity of the island is anthropogenic fire that is regularly set up. Even though the Vulcain portal (http://geoportail.oeil.nc/alerteincendies/) does not reflect this status, the fire threat is high and at least a large wildfire impacted the island in December 2016. The island is not well known from a botanical perspective, and so far the new species is only known from a few individuals in the northwestern part of the island. Considering the small size of Yandé island and the population of L. weari thereof, as well as potential impact of a fire event, the proposed provisional IUCN Status is “Critically Endangered” using Red List criteria (IUCN 2017) under the criteria CR B B1ab(iii,v) + 2ab(iii,v); D. Notes: —Regarding habit, leaf and flower morphology, Leichhardtia weari is very similar to L. neomicrostoma, so that quantitative characters (length of leaves, peduncle, corolla, pollinia) are most suitable for immediate recognition (s. diagnosis and key). Floral details are nevertheless also different like the almost sessile gynostegium in L. weari (shortly stipitate in L. neomicrostoma), the foliar corona lobes that are twice as long as the guide-rails (corona lobes inconspicuous, mostly a rounded thickened fringe, occasionally pointed, in L. neomicrostoma), guide-rails oblique up to 25° (oblique to 35° in L. neomicrostoma) and the pollinia that are broadly ellipsoid (oblong in L. neomicrostoma) (cf. Liede-Schumann et al. 2020). However, the two species do not seem as closely related as morphology suggests because in the molecular analysis (Fig. 2) the new species is member of New Caledonian Clade I, the older of the two subclades (stem age 20.6 Ma, Liede-Schumann et al., 2022), where it is sister to the other two north-western species on ultramafic soils, L. neocaledonica and L. kaalaensis. Notwithstanding, Leichhardtia weari is easily distinguished from L. neocaledonica and L. kaalaensis because both have campanulate flowers (versus tubular to narrowly urceolate for L. weari). We were unable to highlight any clear synapomorphy among the three species because morphological characters in Asclepiadoideae, and particularly in Marsdenieae, are usually at best indicative of relationships (Liede-Schumann et al. 2022). Leichhardtia neomicrostoma, also a north-western species, is sister to the widespread L. koniamboensis, both also on ultramafic soils, and member of New Caledonian Clade II (stem age 15.1 Ma, Liede-Schumann et al., 2022). Leichhardtia neomicrostoma and L. weari are yet another example of the high degree of morphological convergence found in unrelated Asclepiadoideae under similar ecological conditions., Published as part of Gâteblé, Gildas, Meve, Ulrich & Liede-Schumann, Sigrid, 2023, A new threatened New Caledonian Leichhardtia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Marsdenieae) species discovered from a TV programme and social media, pp. 91-100 in Phytotaxa 591 (2) on pages 95-97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7797432, {"references":["Meve, U., Gateble, G. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Taxonomic novelties in Apocynaceae subfam. Asclepiadoideae from New Caledonia. Adansonia ser. 3, 39: 55 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2017 n 1 a 5","Bril, I. (2002) Le nelemwa (Nouvelle-Caledonie): Analyse syntaxique et semantique, Peeters (SELAF LCP 16). Louvain-Paris, 528 pp.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glash ¸ tten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Webb, C. J., Breitwieser, I. & Edgar, E. (1999) Orthography of some geographical epithets in the New Zealand flora revisited. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37 (4): 747 - 749. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1999.9512668","Heenan, P. B., McGlone, M. S. & Wilton, A. D. (2021) Te reo Maori and botanical nomenclature as complementary naming systems for New Zealand's flora, New Zealand Journal of Botany 59 (3): 291 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 2020.1861031","Liede-Schumann, S., Meve, U., Gateble, G., Barriera, G. & Fici, S. (2020) Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie: 27. Apocynaceae pp, Phellinaceae, Capparaceae. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; IRD, Marseille, MNHN; IRD. 336 pp. [Faune et Flore tropicales; 49]","Liede-Schumann, S., Reuss, S. J., Meve, U., Gateble, G., Livshultz, T., Forster, P. I., Wanntorp, L. & Rodda, M. (2022) Phylogeny of Marsdenieae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) based on chloroplast and nuclear loci, with a conspectus of the genera. Taxon 71 (4): 833 - 875. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12713"]}

Key to the species of Leichhardtia of New Caledonica 1. Leaves linear, lanceolate, or very slenderly ovate, usually more than 4× as long as broad...............................................................2 1’. Leaves ovate, elliptic, obovate or orbicular, usually less than 4× as long as broad...........................................................................7 2. Plants erect, even apically not twining; leaves caducous, leaving conspicuous scars...................................................... L. ericoides 2’. Plants ascending, at least apically twining, leaves not caducous.......................................................................................................3 3. Corolla not longer than 3 mm, leaves less than 4 cm long; internodes less than 2 cm long.............................................................4 3’. Corolla more than 3 mm long, leaves more than 6 cm long; internodes more than 3 cm long..........................................................5 4. Corolla greenish-yellow, campanulate, tube around 1/3 of total corolla length....................................................... L. neocaledonica 4´. Corolla whitish, narrowly urceolate, tube ovoid to tubular, at least 1/2 as long as total corolla length................................. L. weari 5. Leaves more than 0.5 mm wide; inflorescences distinctly bostrychoid (check for scars that fallen pedicels left); floral buds cylindrical; corolla lobes not ciliate............................................................................................................................ L. mackeeorum 5’. Leaves less than 0.5 mm wide; inflorescences sciadioidal; floral buds conical or cylindrical; corolla lobes ciliate or not..............6 6. Shoots glabrous; inflorescences sessile; floral buds conical, corolla lobes not ciliate................................................... L. assimulata 6’. Shoots with an indumentum; inflorescences with at least 5 mm long peduncle; floral buds cylindrical, corolla lobes ciliate............................................................................................................................................................................................ L. neomicrostoma 7. Plants erect, not exceeding 30 cm; leaves suborbicular, abaxially with protruding rhachis............................................. L. kaalensis 7’ Plants twining, exceeding 30 cm; leaves of various shapes, but not suborbicular, abaxially without protruding rhachis.................8 8. Inflorescences richly branched, di-or monochasially cymose (at least the older ones).....................................................................9 8’. Inflorescences usually sciadioidal, rarely slightly bostrychoid when old........................................................................................11 9. Style-head rostrate, conspicuously protruding 4–6 mm long corolla............................................................................ L. paulforsteri 9’. Style-head umbonate or conical, not conspicuously protruding from the less than 4 mm long corolla.........................................10. 10. Leaves less than 4 cm long, less than 3 cm wide, elliptic, basally rounded; corolla lobes with regularly distributed trichomes; corona of free staminal lobes................................................................................................................................... L. guillauminiana 10’. Leaves more than 5 cm long, more than 3 cm wide, ovate, floral buds ovoid; corolla lobes glabrous; corona of free staminal lobes and a wavy ring of connate staminal and interstaminal parts..................................................................................... L. tylophoroides 11. Inflorescences of more than 10 densely packed flowers, corolla brilliant red......................................................... L. goromotoorum 11´. Inflorescences with less than 10 flowers or flowers not densely packed, flowers of different colours, but never red....................12 12. Mature buds at least three times longer than wide; corolla at least 10 mm long, radiantly white; style-head elongated-conical...13 12’. Mature buds less than three times longer than wide; of various colours, at the most with some radiantly white parts; style-head umbonate to conical..........................................................................................................................................................................14 13. Corolla 10–12 mm long................................................................................................................................................ L. lyonsioides 13’. Corolla 30 mm long or more.............................................................................................................................................. L. speciosa 14. Corolla lobes at the most as long as tube, usually shorter; corolla shape urceolate.........................................................................15 14’. Corolla lobes at least as long as the tube, usually distinctly longer, corolla shape rotate................................................................18 15. Plants covered with a soft, yellowish indumentum.........................................................................................................................16 15’. Plants (at least stems and leaves) glabrous; if indument present, then not yellowish.....................................................................17 16. Corolla purple red to purple brown, corolla tube more open, not explicitly fleshy or enclosing the corona; staminal corona lobes laminar and longer than broad; plants of Grande Terre.................................................................................................. L. dognyensis 16’. Corolla white to rose; upper rim of the corolla tube fleshy and protruding inwardly to create a suburceolate flower tube shape that strictly encloses the corona; staminal corona lobes protruding, broader than long; plants of Isle des Pins...................... L. kuniensis 17. Leaves> 9°cm long; peduncles and pedicels glabrous; buds almost globose......................................................... L. koniamboensis 17’. Leaves not exceeding 6 cm length; peduncles and pedicels with indument; buds conical......................................... L. oubatchensis 18. Flowers at least 10 mm diam., but distinctly fused, adaxially glabrous, but marginally ciliate............................... L. weberlingiana 18’. Flowers not more than 7 mm diam., corolla adaxially with trichomes, but marginally not ciliate..................................................19 19. Corolla> 5 mm diam., purplish-brown; lobes adaxially densely and regularly covered with white trichomes.............. L. nigriflora 19’. Corolla L. variifolia

Leichhardtia guillauminiana (P.T.Li) Gâteblé, Meve & Liede, comb. nov. (LSID: 77315164-1). Basionym: Tylophora guillauminiana Li (1994: 64), replacement name for Tylophora micrantha Guillaumin (1944: 82), nom. illeg., non Tylophora micrantha Decaisne (1834: 377); Marsdenia guillauminiana (Li) Meve et al. (2017: 69); Leichhardtia micrantha (Guillaumin) Liede et al. in Liede-Schumann et al. (2020: 126), nom. illeg. & nom. superfl. Type:— NEW CALEDONIA. Grande Terre, North Province, Balade, 1855–1860, E. Vieillard 987 (lectotype, P [P00607353], designated by Liede-Schumann et al. (2020: 126)). With the new species, New Caledonian Leichhardtia actually encompasses a total of 20 species, for which an updated key is provided here., Published as part of Gâteblé, Gildas, Meve, Ulrich & Liede-Schumann, Sigrid, 2023, A new threatened New Caledonian Leichhardtia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Marsdenieae) species discovered from a TV programme and social media, pp. 91-100 in Phytotaxa 591 (2) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7797432, {"references":["Li, P. T. (1994) Novelties in Asclepiadaceae from Africa and Asia. Journal of South China Agricultural University 15: 63 - 65.","Guillaumin, A. (1944) Contribution a la flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie LXXXIV. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, ser. 2, 16: 78 - 85.","Meve, U., Gateble, G. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Taxonomic novelties in Apocynaceae subfam. Asclepiadoideae from New Caledonia. Adansonia ser. 3, 39: 55 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2017 n 1 a 5","Liede-Schumann, S., Meve, U., Gateble, G., Barriera, G. & Fici, S. (2020) Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie: 27. Apocynaceae pp, Phellinaceae, Capparaceae. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; IRD, Marseille, MNHN; IRD. 336 pp. [Faune et Flore tropicales; 49]"]}

Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae; leafflower trees) is a genus of trees which is widely reported to be pollinated by leafflower moths (Gracillariidae: Epicephala) in temperate and subtropical Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. However, the pollination ecology of Glochidion is not well described from tropical Asia, the region where it is most species-rich at both local (≤9 spp.) and regional (~200 spp.) scales. Here we report investigations of pollination biology and species-specificity of five Glochidion species in tropical Southeast Asia (Cambodia). Through nocturnal observations and fruit dissections, we find that at least three and likely five Glochidion species in Cambodia are pollinated by seed-parasitic leafflower moths. We find no evidence that any of these leafflower moths are non-mutualistic parasites, despite known examples of such parasites of this mutualism elsewhere in Asia. While the presence of a single larva in a fruit results in only a fraction of seeds being consumed, the presence of more than one larva per fruit—a frequent occurrence in some species—can result in almost all seeds within the fruit being infested. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are five different minimally monophyletic leafflower moth clades, each of which pollinates a unique Glochidion host species. Our results indicate that in its center of diversity in tropical Asia this system is an obligate pollination mutualism as previously described at the global margins of its distribution. These findings provide insights into the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity and maintain mutualism stability in plant–insect interactions in this biodiversity hotspot.

[1394] Richeria grandis Vahl Eclog. Amer. 1: 29 (Vahl 1797). Amanoa divaricata Poepp., Nova genera ac species plantarum [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 22 [15-21 Aug. 1841] (Poeppig 1841). — Richeria grandis var. divaricata (Poepp.) Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 467 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866). Amanoa racemosa Poepp., Nova genera ac species plantarum [Poeppig & Endlicher] 3: 23 [15-21 Aug. 1841] (Poeppig 1841). — Richeria grandis var. racemosa (Poepp.) Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 467 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866). — Richeria racemosa (Poepp.) Pax & K.Hoffm., Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV (Heft 81): 28 [19 Sep. 1922] (Pax & Hoffmann 1922). Guarania ramiflora Wedd. ex Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 598 (Baillon 1858), nom. nud. Guarania laurifolia Baill., Adansonia [Baillon] 5: 348 (Baillon 1865). — Richeria laurifolia (Baill.) Baill., Adansonia [Baillon] 6: 16 (Baillon 1865). — Richeria grandis var. laurifolia (Baill.) Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 468 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866). Richeria grandis var. genuina Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 468 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866), nom. inval. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 24.3). Richeria grandis var. obovata Müll.Arg., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15 (2.2): 468 [late Aug. 1866] (Müller 1866). — Richeria obovata (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm., Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XV (Heft 81): 29 [19 Sep. 1922] (Pax & Hoffmann 1922). Richeria australis Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11 (2): 17 [1 Feb. 1873] (Müller 1873). Richeria submembranacea Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17 (5): 419 [27 May 1938] (Steyermark 1938). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 16 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: M.-F. Prévost 4262. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 10 trees in 10 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on pages 638-639, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. - H., LI D. - Z., MARHOLD K., MAY T. W., MCNEILL J., MONRO A. M., PRADO J., PRICE M. J. & SMITH G. F. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. (Regnum Vegetabile; 159). https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

We present a list of tree species of French Guiana, based on data collected from herbarium specimens and tree inventories, and verified against all available taxonomic literature to date. The list contains 1811 taxa representing 87 families and 421 genera, including 143 unnamed species which either may be species not previously recorded in French Guiana, or taxa new to Science. Original demographic data such as global abundance, local maximum frequency and geographic dispersion, are given for the 1293 species present in tree inventories. Our work has led to the recognition of certain taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties, including a new combination in Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), several lectotypifications and new synonyms, as well as reinstatement of Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), and four species of Inga (Leguminosae). In addition, we provide the most comprehensive list available to date of corresponding vernacular names (4354 for 1157 species) in nine languages spoken in French Guiana: Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Creole, French, and Brasilian Portuguese. The checklist is complemented by indexes of exsiccata, vernacular names and scientific names. The introductory part is available in French and English., Nous présentons une liste des espèces d’arbres de Guyane française, basée sur des données issues de spécimens d’herbiers et d’inventaires d’arbres. Les noms ont été vérifiés au regard de toute la littérature taxonomique disponible à ce jour. La liste contient 1811 taxons représentant 87 familles et 421 genres, dont 143 espèces non nommées qui peuvent être soit des espèces non répertoriées précédemment en Guyane française, soit des taxons nouveaux pour la Science. Des données démographiques originales telles que l’abondance globale, la fréquence maximale locale et la dispersion géographique, sont données pour les 1293 espèces présentes dans les inventaires d’arbres. Nos travaux ont conduit à la reconnaissance de quelques nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales, dont une nouvelle combinaison dans le genre Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), plusieurs lectotypifications et nouveaux synonymes, ainsi que la réinstallation de Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), d’Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), et de quatre espèces du genre Inga (Leguminosae). En outre, nous fournissons la liste la plus complète disponible à ce jour des noms vernaculaires correspondants (4354 pour 1157 espèces) dans neuf langues parlées en Guyane française : Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Créole, Français, et Portugais du Brésil. Le catalogue est complété par des index des exsiccata, des noms vernaculaires et des noms scientifiques. La partie introductive est proposée en français et en anglais.

[1393] Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd. Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow]: 64 [Jul.-Dec. 1814] (Willdenow 1814). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — A single collection, R.A.A. Oldeman B-3261. SIZE. — Brazil, Amazonas. G.T. Prance 10376 (MO), 15 m × 20 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 638, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

The largest genus within the Phyllanthaceae family is a group called Phyllanthus L. Recent studies have shown, that Phyllanthus is paraphyletic with the genera Glochidion, Breynia and Synostemon nested within it. In this thesis, I study the evolution and systematics of Phyllanthus and how to solve the apparent paraphyly. First we explore past morphological subgroups to come to a subdivision, which was tested using molecular phylogenetics. Several species of Phyllanthus are also used in traditional medicine and by utilizing the living collections of the Hortus botanicus Leiden, we tested for antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity. The phylogeny resulting from this study is used to study the historical biogeography and diversification of the tribe and to propose a new classification where Phyllanthus is separated into several smaller genera.

The largest genus within the Phyllanthaceae family is a group called Phyllanthus L. Recent studies have shown, that Phyllanthus is paraphyletic with the genera Glochidion, Breynia and Synostemon nested within it. In this thesis, I study the evolution and systematics of Phyllanthus and how to solve the apparent paraphyly. First we explore past morphological subgroups to come to a subdivision, which was tested using molecular phylogenetics. Several species of Phyllanthus are also used in traditional medicine and by utilizing the living collections of the Hortus botanicus Leiden, we tested for antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity. The phylogeny resulting from this study is used to study the historical biogeography and diversification of the tribe and to propose a new classification where Phyllanthus is separated into several smaller genera.

The largest genus within the Phyllanthaceae family is a group called Phyllanthus L. Recent studies have shown, that Phyllanthus is paraphyletic with the genera Glochidion, Breynia and Synostemon nested within it. In this thesis, I study the evolution and systematics of Phyllanthus and how to solve the apparent paraphyly. First we explore past morphological subgroups to come to a subdivision, which was tested using molecular phylogenetics. Several species of Phyllanthus are also used in traditional medicine and by utilizing the living collections of the Hortus botanicus Leiden, we tested for antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity. The phylogeny resulting from this study is used to study the historical biogeography and diversification of the tribe and to propose a new classification where Phyllanthus is separated into several smaller genera.