Search

India's 65% population resides in rural regions, making these places the heart and soul of the nation. These regions, along with their residents and houses, serve as a reflection of the nation. Previous researchers have described rural houses in social and humanities literature, but their observations have mostly been descriptive rather than analytical. Therefore, conducting a thorough analytical investigation is necessary to fully understand the mental image that people currently have of rural houses. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework for the typology of rural houses and identify the aspects that contribute to a thorough understanding of housing in rural India. The current state of rural houses must be examined as they are changing from traditional to modern architecture. The research study area was selected, Lakhan Village in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In this village, fieldwork was carried out to determine the types and characteristics of long-established houses. A simple random sampling method was employed to collect the data, and the sample size was determined using the Cochrane formula. The authors' extensive professional first-hand experience in rural houses in Uttar Pradesh integrates with theoretical and analytical analysis in this research. The study sheds light on the development of rural houses in Lakhan Village and highlights several elements that have an impact on a house's overall imageability. It includes recommendations for future growth, gives an in-depth understanding of how rural housing has developed in India, and discusses the reasons that have influenced that development. The study's conclusion highlights the significance of utilizing a holistic strategy to address the challenges with rural housing. The findings of this study will be helpful to researchers, policymakers, and other officials involved in constructing rural houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the orthographic variation between the place name and in English texts in Macau and its interaction with social factors. Using Sebba’s framework of Orthographic Regimes, a statistical analysis was conducted to explore the usage of the two orthographic variants across three levels of orthographic regimes, namely, highly-regulated (HR) government writings, less-regulated (LR) school writings and lesser-regulated (LRR) online texts . As a means to collect data of LR regimes, a questionnaire was used to collect participants’ identities and elicit potential indexical relationships between the two variants and aspects of Macau identity, which we see as two place identities. Results show a strong connection between orthographic regimes and variant usage, with preferred in HR government writing while Macau is more commonly used in LR regimes where is not required. Furthermore, this study discusses a connection between language practices and Macau identity based on orders of indexicality, that is, the use of / and the duality of Macau identity (i.e. a nationalistic identity vs. an ethnocultural identity).

Objectives. The identity of the place has an effect on citizens’ identities. The study presented aims to support the connection between slow violence, environmental injustice, and the use of visual sociology to deepen the experiences and relations of people in the surrounding environment. The target is a neighborhood called Tamburi in the city of Taranto, Apulia. Methods. After an initial focus group useful to know more about the context, 8 people residing in the target area took photos to understand how the environmental damage has slowly settled on every aspect of life in the neighborhood and to explore concepts like social memories, and socio-semiotic category. The contribution of a non-residing photojournalist was analyzed, in order to improve and complete observation techniques. Results. Tamburi, literally incorporated by the industry, is a place with a complex identity to the detriment of social life and the new generations’ well-being, accompanied by a correlated social and cultural unease as well as a feeling of abandonment and vindication. It is identified as a sacrifice area due to the high rate of pollutants in circulation, premature deaths, and contamination of the urban and vegetable elements present. Conclusions. Living in territories vulnerable to sacrifice translates into considering the existences therein underestimated. The visual method offers interesting insights into the possibilities of interpreting some phenomena. The images of the neighborhood are a negative stimulus that communicates feelings of fragility in the individual and collective memory and has an impact on the livability and attractiveness of places.

This study explores the interrelationship between community attachment in AlUla Heritage City (located in Saudi Arabia) and tourists’ green consumption practices, testing support for green tourism development as a mediator. The old historical city of AlUla, a significant city experiencing ongoing preservation and tourism development, represents an adequate context for exploring the link between community attachment and green tourism practices. This study employs a quantitative approach, including surveys with 328 local residents of AlUla. A structural equation modeling partial least square (PLS-SEM) analysis is conducted to explore the indirect influence of community attachment on tourists’ green consumption through the mediating role of support for green tourism development. The findings indicated a positive path from community attachment in AlUla to tourists’ tendencies toward green consumption behavior. Moreover, the mediating effects of support for green tourism development suggested that a deep sense of community attachment improves tourists’ support for green practices in the tourism sector. This study adds to the extended body of the literature on place attachment and green tourism by emphasizing the significance of community place attachment in stimulating tourists’ green consumption practices. Several practical implications for policymakers seeking to promote green tourism practices in heritage cities like AlUla are explored from the study results.

This study explores the interrelationship between community attachment in AlUla Heritage City (located in Saudi Arabia) and tourists' green consumption practices, testing support for green tourism development as a mediator. The old historical city of AlUla, a significant city experiencing ongoing preservation and tourism development, represents an adequate context for exploring the link between community attachment and green tourism practices. This study employs a quantitative approach, including surveys with 328 local residents of AlUla. A structural equation modeling partial least square (PLS-SEM) analysis is conducted to explore the indirect influence of community attachment on tourists' green consumption through the mediating role of support for green tourism development. The findings indicated a positive path from community attachment in AlUla to tourists' tendencies toward green consumption behavior. Moreover, the mediating effects of support for green tourism development suggested that a deep sense of community attachment improves tourists' support for green practices in the tourism sector. This study adds to the extended body of the literature on place attachment and green tourism by emphasizing the significance of community place attachment in stimulating tourists' green consumption practices. Several practical implications for policymakers seeking to promote green tourism practices in heritage cities like AlUla are explored from the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban spatial segregation in Santiago de Chile, a prevalent feature of Latin American cities, underscores socioeconomic disparities and shapes the city's socio-spatial dynamics. This segregation, driven by land prices and private ownership, has pushed disadvantaged groups to the periphery and limited their access to desirable areas reserved for wealthier segments of society. Quebrada Macul Park, situated within this segregated urban landscape, serves as an emblematic case that challenges and expands the classical definition of urban segregation. It exemplifies the complex negotiations over space utilization among social groups, defined by socioeconomic, generational, and interest-based differences. This study employs micro-segregation studies in a broad sense, both as a conceptual framework and as a methodological tool to analyze these dynamics. Through qualitative methodologies, including six in-depth interviews with diverse stakeholders (social and ecological activists, longtime residents, and park employees) and five participant observations, the research investigates the varied uses and meanings attributed to the park. The findings reveal that the park's evolution from a space frequented by low-income dwellers to a diverse metropolitan park has sparked debates over its public versus private character, mirroring the power struggles among distinct social factions. The park serves as a profound identity marker for its historical inhabitants, who initially fought for the right to use it and today experience nostalgia due to its widespread popularity. Meanwhile, the struggle to establish the park as a public space challenges the city's segregation dynamics and might promote social cohesion within urban natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban identity is gaining increasing attention across different research disciplines. However, there is no consensus as to how this concept can be integrated into planning theory, because every discipline has diverse concepts of urban identity, which are often included in planning theory without clarity. For example, environmental psychology literature and the social sciences have defined urban identity as human or social identity, while architecture and urban design characterize it as the urban/city or architectural identity. Therefore, this paper provides a conceptual framework for applying urban identity in planning theory and practice. This paper used the literature review method by synthesizing several relevant and reliable sources, particularly in planning, architecture, environmental psychology, social science, and geography. The result is an explanation of three concepts of urban identity, which are the 'identity of urban,' 'identity in urban,' and 'identity for urban'. The identity of urban helps planners to design functional and characteristic cities. Meanwhile, identity in urban helps planners to achieve the humanist aspect of a city and social justice; and identity for urban helps planners to advance a city's economy and attract investors and tourists. These concepts are interrelated and can be integrated to support the sustainability of cities and their citizens, by achieving harmony between the population's need for orientation and identification, the function and aesthetics of the city, and the city's attractiveness to visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention to architecture in the thought of Akhwan al-Safa is based on the recognition of the place of geometry and numbers in their intellectual system. Akhwan al-Safa believes that geometry and numbers have priority over all other sciences. Their approach to geometry and architecture is such that it gives an identity of It is considered to be the accessories of their thought, therefore it is placed in the opposite point of modern and postmodern architecture, which, relying on the foundations of positivist philosophy, create works whose identity is obvious. propose that it displays the function of inducing pure mystical concepts such as the annihilation of multitudes in unity, and in the form of a symbolic language, conveys high Islamic concepts, some geometric shapes and some numbers in the intellectual system of the Brotherhood have a special value and property The forms do not have this characteristic, in the upcoming research, the criteria of Islamic architecture will be examined first, and then the Brotherhood's thought will be investigated and a correlation between the Brotherhood's thought and Islamic architecture will be made, in this research, with the descriptive and analytical method of library sources, The works of Akhwan al-Safa will be examined and the research questions will be answered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine tourism provides a multisensory experience through various wine tourism activities. It also adds value to the regions and their producers by enhancing the wine knowledge and sensory experience of the visitors. This study explores the determinants of brand love in wine tourism. Using survey data from wine tourists in Portugal, a structural equation modelling was performed to test the conceptual model. An Importance-performance matrix analysis was also used to obtain additional insights. The results show that the wine tourism enhances brand love. This implies that emotions (i.e., a sense of belonging) towards the overall location is associated with the satisfaction and the quality perception that the winery exhibits. Furthermore, although the consumer's active participation in wine tourism does not impact brand love directly, its influences occur through the mediating effect of the relation quality. From an interdisciplinary managerial perspective, the present study provides insights into tourism management (i.e., wine tourism) and marketing (i.e., brand management and consumer behaviour). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current spatial changes involving broad urban landscapes affect people's perceptions of their surroundings, sense of place, and attachment to a place, constituting a disruption to these. As a result, on a social scale, they translate into people's well-being. The following study of the impact of large-scale architectural and urban developments on the place of residence is based on the assumption that physical space determines the quality of life in the living place and the changes in the process condition residents to adapt to their new surroundings—based on the three pillars of place, people, and process (3Ps). The article consists of two parts. The first is theoretical, which conceptualises spatial change based on the theory of human dependence on place. The second part–an empirical study—discusses the transformation of the post-industrial area of Bicocca (Milan), which, 40 years after the intervention, has led to conclusions and recommendations for urban planning. The results demonstrate the different sensitivities of the urban areas to the process of functional–spatial change, the essence of the accessibility of public space, public facilities, and transport infrastructure. The planning process can positively influence social adaptation to spatial change mitigation. Residential areas may be subject to additional protection procedures. The study is relevant to a sustainable planning process in the inevitable transformation of urban areas. The interdisciplinary nature of the issue prompts the integration of research findings and knowledge transfer in the socio-technological subsystem (STS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identified as an increasingly pivotal aspect, the benevolent extra-role characteristic of community citizenship behavior contributes to destination development efficiency and social cohesion. Based on the egoistic–altruistic motivation framework, this study investigated three motivations that propel residents to exercise community citizenship behaviors in a positive social contact context, namely self-focused, other-focused, and place-focused motivation. A conceptual model combined with positive contact, personal benefit, sympathetic understanding, place identity, and community citizenship behavior was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through data from 366 residents in Kaifeng, China. The findings showed that of the three motivations for community citizenship behaviors, place identity contributed the most, and personal benefits failed to predict community citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, sympathetic understanding with tourists was most fostered by residents from the perception of positive contact with tourists. These findings offer a novel theoretical framework for scholarly investigation and provide practical insights for tourism managers regarding strategies to influence residents' community citizenship behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting community engagement is a key issue in the sustainable development of protected natural areas. Enhancing the local residents' sense of place identity contributes to their willingness to protect the ecological environment and increases their support for ecotourism development. The role of knowledge in addressing ecological issues is widely recognized, and tourism, which focuses on knowledge production and dissemination, is gradually emerging as an alternative choice for innovative and sustainable ecotourism development in protected natural areas. However, the effect of knowledge on place identity has not been sufficiently addressed. This study employed a qualitative research method and considered Danxia Mountain, a protected area, as a case study to analyze the transformation of knowledge underlying tourism products during the transition from sightseeing tourism to study tourism. Furthermore, it explored how the behavior of community residents in learning and disseminating new knowledge contributes to the reconstruction of their local identities. The findings showed that the knowledge of resource classification and evaluation of sightseeing tourism generated a paradoxical place identity, whereas the scientific and local knowledge about Danxia Mountain for tourism reconnected community residents to the place and established a place identity. The formation and changes of local residents' place identity are the result of the interactive process of knowledge's definition of place differences and the behaviors of learning and disseminating knowledge. Specifically, there are three aspects to consider: 1) Place differences and place meanings stemming from knowledge discourse. The knowledge of a place defines its differences and assigns meaning to it. Moreover, the type of knowledge of a place can change, triggering the reconstruction of the place identity of local residents. 2) Place identity arises from the learning, internalization, and construction processes of local residents in relation to place differences and meanings within the knowledge framework. This is achieved through transforming diverse individuals' experiences and feelings about a place, where meaningful and comprehensible identities are formed, leading to a diversified sense of place identity based on individual experiences. 3) Identity performance in the process of knowledge dissemination and sharing socializes individual place identities and establishes a collective place identity. This research combines knowledge as the discourse defining place differences and the behavioral interactions of using knowledge, which expands the understanding of the process and mechanisms of place identity and can provide a more comprehensive explanatory framework for establishing place identity in social-place-individual interaction. It also provides practical guidance for cultivating local residents' place identity through knowledge-based study tourism, which requires incorporating the knowledge of community residents into the heritage site's knowledge system as well as community residents as active participants in the learning and dissemination of knowledge in the context of study tourism, which is essential for fostering a sense of place identity.

This study aims to understand how place attachment towards Ankara is considered in Turkish pop music songs. In order to determine which pop music songs mention Ankara, certain restrictions were applied as part of the sampling stage of the study. The data set was comprised of thirty songs, which were analyzed according to the inductive thematic analysis method. The obtained data was evaluated within the scope of place attachment theory. Repetitive content and patterns showed that nine themes were inclusive across the dataset. In order of prevalence, these themes were entitlement, sadness, distance, loneliness, snow and rain, night, gloom, cold, drunkenness, and longing for the sea. Each song comprises and average of 4.3 themes and demonstrates clear thematic similarities between the songs. The common themes that dominate the majority of Turkish pop songs about Ankara are examples of negative place attachment. The negative place attachment towards Ankara among Turkish pop music songs is discussed with consideration of Istanbul-based culture industry, and the reproduction of cliché based on the repetition of common themes about Ankara. The study is expected to contribute to the literature gap on urban culture studies and highlight the topic of attachment-music interaction in Turkey. Depending on qualitative research design, the study is limited in terms of the subjective interpretation of results and underrepresentation within the field of research.

Introduction: Urbanization processes are constantly increasing, and most of the European population currently live in urban areas. Nevertheless, evidence is consistent in highlighting the positive association between nature exposure and human wellbeing, although individual differences might affect this association. Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the association among nature connectedness, conceptualized as Love and Care for Nature, place identity, and physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive and negative affect. A total of 312 visitors of an urban green area (i.e., Milan’s Parco Nord) participated in the study. They completed an anonymous questionnaire. Results: Findings showed that nature connectedness and place identity positively affect physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive affect, but not through the negative ones. Discussion: Results highlight the importance of the joint role of exposure to nature and individual differences in promoting wellbeing. This study offers implications for interventions aimed at enhancing individuals’ health through exposure to nature. Limitations of the study and future research developments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting community engagement is a key issue in the sustainable development of protected natural areas. Enhancing the local residents' sense of place identity contributes to their willingness to protect the ecological environment and increases their support for ecotourism development. The role of knowledge in addressing ecological issues is widely recognized, and tourism, which focuses on knowledge production and dissemination, is gradually emerging as an alternative choice for innovative and sustainable ecotourism development in protected natural areas. However, the effect of knowledge on place identity has not been sufficiently addressed. This study employed a qualitative research method and considered Danxia Mountain, a protected area, as a case study to analyze the transformation of knowledge underlying tourism products during the transition from sightseeing tourism to study tourism. Furthermore, it explored how the behavior of community residents in learning and disseminating new knowledge contributes to the reconstruction of their local identities. The findings showed that the knowledge of resource classification and evaluation of sightseeing tourism generated a paradoxical place identity, whereas the scientific and local knowledge about Danxia Mountain for tourism reconnected community residents to the place and established a place identity. The formation and changes of local residents' place identity are the result of the interactive process of knowledge's definition of place differences and the behaviors of learning and disseminating knowledge. Specifically, there are three aspects to consider: 1) Place differences and place meanings stemming from knowledge discourse. The knowledge of a place defines its differences and assigns meaning to it. Moreover, the type of knowledge of a place can change, triggering the reconstruction of the place identity of local residents. 2) Place identity arises from the learning, internalization, and construction processes of local residents in relation to place differences and meanings within the knowledge framework. This is achieved through transforming diverse individuals' experiences and feelings about a place, where meaningful and comprehensible identities are formed, leading to a diversified sense of place identity based on individual experiences. 3) Identity performance in the process of knowledge dissemination and sharing socializes individual place identities and establishes a collective place identity. This research combines knowledge as the discourse defining place differences and the behavioral interactions of using knowledge, which expands the understanding of the process and mechanisms of place identity and can provide a more comprehensive explanatory framework for establishing place identity in social-place-individual interaction. It also provides practical guidance for cultivating local residents' place identity through knowledge-based study tourism, which requires incorporating the knowledge of community residents into the heritage site's knowledge system as well as community residents as active participants in the learning and dissemination of knowledge in the context of study tourism, which is essential for fostering a sense of place identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hands-on, out-of-doors, environmental citizen and community science invites a wide range of publics to participate in data collection in the spaces and places local to them; that is, placed-based science. Understanding whether and how participants are attached to those places can inform all aspects of project/program design. Building on sense of place theory, we advance a multidimensional framework from which to conceptualize, evaluate, and describe people-place bonds in environmental citizen science, using survey responses from participants in the Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team (COASST). Results provide evidence that place attachment is strong, with aspects of place identity resonating much more strongly than place dependence. We explored six dimensions of place attachment relevant to COASST participants and found attachment to be asymmetrically multidimensional, dominated by nature-environment bonding, with secondary strengths in science community bonding, self-identity, and science affinity. The participant population displayed relatively low attachment strength along the friends and family axis, and no resonance within the dimension of social rootedness. We also found shifts in the multidimensional "shape" of attachment as a function of time in the program, with individuals persisting over 10 years stronger in almost all dimensions. These findings raise important questions for the field of participatory science about the significance of people-place bonds, how place attachment shifts over time, and the impacts of that attachment on citizen science outcomes around behavior, decision making, and policies connected to place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landmark landscapes, as visual representations of cities, are readily identifiable to urban residents. Observing and visiting these landscapes fosters a cultural connection and identity with the locale, enhances urban character, and promotes tourism. A place's identity is instrumental in urban development and improvement. Urban planners and managers should thus prioritize fostering residents' place identity within city environments. In this study, we explored the influence of landmark landscapes on the place identity of residents in Nanjing—a rapidly urbanizing city with both historic and modern districts. Our methodology included on-site surveys and the application of a structural equation model to discern the relationships between various landmark landscape elements and place identity. The findings revealed the following: (1) landmark landscapes positively influence residents' construction of place identity; (2) the characteristics, function, and historical–cultural importance of these landmark landscapes contribute to place identity formation; and (3) the duration of residence moderates the relationship between historical–cultural importance and place identity. These insights elucidate the role of landmark landscapes in shaping place identity, which in turn enhances urban characteristics and bolsters residents' sense of belonging. The strategic planning and design of landmark landscapes are instrumental in building public consensus, fostering distinctive urban characteristics, and strengthening residents' sense of identity, thereby catalyzing tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the consumption of local products is essential to promote sustainability, boost local economies, and preserve cultural identity. Although a positive relationship has been demonstrated between attitude towards local products and consumption determinants, the role of the former as a mediator has not been sufficiently explored. This study examines how the attitude towards local products mediates between consumer ethnocentrism and consumption intention, as well as between place identity and consumption intention. A total of 1325 wine and cheese consumers in the Canary Islands were surveyed using a moderated mediation model, applying PLS-SEM. The results indicate that attitude towards local products mediates the aforementioned relationships but does not moderate them according to the type of local product. Consequently, marketing strategies should focus on the emotional and cultural connection that consumers establish with local products, highlighting their value in terms of identity and belonging.

Battery recycling is viewed in China as an important means of achieving primary sustainability goals and greater economic and environmental development. With the notice of high battery recycling intentions through relevant investigations, this study examine the influencing factors of these recycling behaviors of e-bikes citizens by incorporating the place identity and environmental concern into the Extended Normative Activation Model (NAM), which fill the research gap on how place identity and environmental concern affect the batteries recycling behavior. This study proposes that the consequence awareness, personal norms, and attitudes have mediating effect on place identity to the recycling behavior, and the environmental concern has moderating effect on consequence awareness, personal norms, and attitudes to the recycling behavior, respectively. Based on 1068 valid surveys, hypotheses were examined using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that personal norms and awareness of consequences positively impact e-bike users' intentions to recycle waste batteries, and environmental concerns have no moderating effect on attitude, recycling intention, personal norms, and recycling intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at last.

In the face of ongoing interpersonal and structural violence towards sex workers in Canada, this research inquiry explores nine women and gender-diverse sex workers’ experiences of place identity within their workplaces. Employing multisensory and arts-based ethnographic fieldwork, the co-researchers storied their embodied place-based experiences of identity. The research findings illuminate place-identity processes within sex workplaces, suggesting that the context, materiality, and multisensory atmospheres of the co-researchers’ work environments were entwined with internal and external self-concepts. The co-researchers created personalized multisensory atmospheres in their workplaces through the use of colour, visual art, and music. Having workplaces that positively supported place identity fostered workplace comfort, control, and empowerment. Ultimately, this research suggests that place-identity processes in sex workplaces have the possibility to resist and shift sex work stigma.

Despite the inherently dynamic nature of the urban identity concept and its interconnections among various academic disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, environmental studies, and urbanism, the term is employed in distinct contexts within each field. This divergence in usage has resulted in ambiguity and a lack of clarity regarding the meaning of urban identity. This research aims to scrutinize the existing literature on identity and urban identity across various scientific disciplines, reaching a better understanding of the term. As a methodological approach, we undertake a systematic analysis of the theoretical debate to identify and comprehend the descriptive and analytical perspectives on identity and urban identity concepts, the evaluation processes of urban identity, and the identification of primary debates, issues, and related gaps. The findings of this research will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the urban identity concept and its identification, thereby contributing to the evolution of academic research on urban identity.

IntroductionUrbanization processes are constantly increasing, and most of the European population currently live in urban areas. Nevertheless, evidence is consistent in highlighting the positive association between nature exposure and human wellbeing, although individual differences might affect this association.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the association among nature connectedness, conceptualized as Love and Care for Nature, place identity, and physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive and negative affect. A total of 312 visitors of an urban green area (i.e., Milan’s Parco Nord) participated in the study. They completed an anonymous questionnaire.ResultsFindings showed that nature connectedness and place identity positively affect physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive affect, but not through the negative ones.DiscussionResults highlight the importance of the joint role of exposure to nature and individual differences in promoting wellbeing. This study offers implications for interventions aimed at enhancing individuals’ health through exposure to nature. Limitations of the study and future research developments are discussed.

In the face of ongoing interpersonal and structural violence towards sex workers in Canada, this research inquiry explores nine women and gender-diverse sex workers' experiences of place identity within their workplaces. Employing multisensory and arts-based ethnographic fieldwork, the co-researchers storied their embodied place-based experiences of identity. The research findings illuminate place-identity processes within sex workplaces, suggesting that the context, materiality, and multisensory atmospheres of the co-researchers' work environments were entwined with internal and external self-concepts. The co-researchers created personalized multisensory atmospheres in their workplaces through the use of colour, visual art, and music. Having workplaces that positively supported place identity fostered workplace comfort, control, and empowerment. Ultimately, this research suggests that place-identity processes in sex workplaces have the possibility to resist and shift sex work stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand how place attachment towards Ankara is considered in Turkish pop music songs. In order to determine which pop music songs mention Ankara, certain restrictions were applied as part of the sampling stage of the study. The data set was comprised of thirty songs, which were analyzed according to the inductive thematic analysis method. The obtained data was evaluated within the scope of place attachment theory. Repetitive content and patterns showed that nine themes were inclusive across the dataset. In order of prevalence, these themes were entitlement, sadness, distance, loneliness, snow and rain, night, gloom, cold, drunkenness, and longing for the sea. Each song comprises and average of 4.3 themes and demonstrates clear thematic similarities between the songs. The common themes that dominate the majority of Turkish pop songs about Ankara are examples of negative place attachment. The negative place attachment towards Ankara among Turkish pop music songs is discussed with consideration of Istanbul-based culture industry, and the reproduction of cliché based on the repetition of common themes about Ankara. The study is expected to contribute to the literature gap on urban culture studies and highlight the topic of attachment-music interaction in Turkey. Depending on qualitative research design, the study is limited in terms of the subjective interpretation of results and underrepresentation within the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into place identity has mainly focused on its intensity rather than its contents. Place identity measurement is relatively mature, and the scales have been used in many literatures. However, the contents of place identity are rarely addressed, and if so, only in qualitative studies, constraining comparative studies. Thus, the purpose of the current paper was to develop a measure of place identity contents that elucidates the dimensions that contribute most to place identity in different urban contexts. The three studies described here developed and implemented a place identity contents scale. The scale was designed and validated amongst a sample of 422 residents in Study 1, with the identification of an eight-factor structure consistent with the literature review. Study 2 replicated the factor structure and confirmed correlations with place identity, place satisfaction and quality of life in the place. Study 3 explored the applicability of the PIC scale in a field study investigating three parishes that differed significantly in their physical and social features. Overall, the results suggest that place identity is a flexible and dynamic process and that, in order to form a bond with a place, people make use of those available features (both physical and social) that better contribute to a positive place identity. The results also suggest which place identity contents better favor identification and may, therefore, contribute to improving the quality of places and human well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ukrainian Art Nouveau is considered in the context of the pan-European development of Art Nouveau in the architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This stylistic direction is a demonstration of the self-identification of nations. It is hypothesized that the development of Ukrainian Art Nouveau in the architecture of Poltava at the beginning of the twentieth century expresses the identity of the place and national identification of the population, and is a reflection of national consciousness through architecture. This article defines and illustrates the special features of Ukrainian Art Nouveau as a manifestation of national character in the architecture of Poltava at the beginning of the twentieth century. The research was conducted using a cultural studies approach in the context of the general cultural development of the city. The general characteristics of the stylistic development of Poltava architecture at the beginning of the twentieth century are presented, and the place of Ukrainian Art Nouveau in the polystylism of the research period is revealed. The influence of Ukrainian Art Nouveau from the beginning of the twentieth century on the further development of Poltava architecture is analysed.

Cultural heritage tourism is widely acknowledged as one of the main attractions of tourism and the role of various stakeholders in the conservation and sustainable development of these irreplaceable destinations is widely discussed. However, little attention has been paid to the investigation of the tourists’ role in the sustainability of Cultural heritage destinations. Thus, this empirical study looks at the elements influencing tourists' engagement in the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage destinations. Accordingly, it broadens the Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by including Place Identity, Destination Image and Sustainable Intelligence as antecedents of Sustainable behaviour. The data is analysed using structural equations modelling with AMOS (V23) and SPSS (V25) software and the suggested hypotheses are statistically verified. The research's outcomes offer insightful data that may be considered a guide for the sustainable development of cultural heritage destinations. The findings add to a further comprehensive understanding of sustainable heritage management through deeper insight into visitors' decision-making approach to protecting cultural heritage destinations. The results are instrumental for various tourism and destination marketing organizations, heritage tourism planners, various policymakers, and the government at large.

Enclaves of poverty are spaces of social stigmatization that can foster exclusion as well as enhance the impression of it. At the same time, they are milieus in the lives of specific human beings who co-inhabit and co-create these spaces; they are a home base – a place of safety, one that is the source of satisfaction and identification. The circumstances constituting and distinguishing these specific ecosystems were the inspirations for research conducted in 2014–2016 in enclaves of poverty – located in two large cities and in rural areas in Poland – to identify the ways of valuing and mental mapping performed by people living there. Based on the results of the author’s research, the article discusses three complementary issues covering the ways of identifying a space, identifying with a place and place identity. It focuses on the cognitive and practical value of such findings, which go beyond simplified and generalized thinking about enclaves of poverty, revealing the potentials of various neighbourhoods and the complexity of people’s connections with a place.

The place identity needs to be resurfaced visual-architecturally through place-making and community engagement. From participatory identification of tangible and intangible cultural assets, cultural mapping can increase awareness of cultural assets and a sense of belonging, facilitate network development and collaboration, and prepare village development programs according to local potential. This study aims to compile the potential and resources of Kampung Baran in a participatory manner, and then present it as significant cultural character data in shaping the identity of the place. The research was conducted qualitatively through asset mapping and community identity mapping. Asset mapping is related to the physical resources, while community identity mapping identifies intangible resources. Physical data recording is done through field observation. The on-site data mapping is triangulated through focus group discussions and in-community conversation to identify the intangible resources. Furthermore, the data were categorised, and the relations were analysed to compile the cultural mapping. The results showed that the unity between architectural elements (recontextualization of Omah Gejug), communal space according to the taneyan pattern of Kampung Baran, typical plants, local culinary, traditional arts and language, as well as socio-cultural systems and structures can be visualized to support the revitalization of place identity.

Urban spatial segregation in Santiago de Chile, a prevalent feature of Latin American cities, underscores socioeconomic disparities and shapes the city’s socio-spatial dynamics. This segregation, driven by land prices and private ownership, has pushed disadvantaged groups to the periphery and limited their access to desirable areas reserved for wealthier segments of society. Quebrada Macul Park, situated within this segregated urban landscape, serves as an emblematic case that challenges and expands the classical definition of urban segregation. It exemplifies the complex negotiations over space utilization among social groups, defined by socioeconomic, generational, and interest-based differences. This study employs micro-segregation studies in a broad sense, both as a conceptual framework and as a methodological tool to analyze these dynamics. Through qualitative methodologies, including six in-depth interviews with diverse stakeholders (social and ecological activists, longtime residents, and park employees) and five participant observations, the research investigates the varied uses and meanings attributed to the park. The findings reveal that the park’s evolution from a space frequented by low-income dwellers to a diverse metropolitan park has sparked debates over its public versus private character, mirroring the power struggles among distinct social factions. The park serves as a profound identity marker for its historical inhabitants, who initially fought for the right to use it and today experience nostalgia due to its widespread popularity. Meanwhile, the struggle to establish the park as a public space challenges the city’s segregation dynamics and might promote social cohesion within urban natural environments.

Identified as an increasingly pivotal aspect, the benevolent extra-role characteristic of community citizenship behavior contributes to destination development efficiency and social cohesion. Based on the egoistic–altruistic motivation framework, this study investigated three motivations that propel residents to exercise community citizenship behaviors in a positive social contact context, namely self-focused, other-focused, and place-focused motivation. A conceptual model combined with positive contact, personal benefit, sympathetic understanding, place identity, and community citizenship behavior was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through data from 366 residents in Kaifeng, China. The findings showed that of the three motivations for community citizenship behaviors, place identity contributed the most, and personal benefits failed to predict community citizenship behaviors. Furthermore, sympathetic understanding with tourists was most fostered by residents from the perception of positive contact with tourists. These findings offer a novel theoretical framework for scholarly investigation and provide practical insights for tourism managers regarding strategies to influence residents’ community citizenship behavior.

Over the past decade, urban villages across Java Indonesia that used to be slums were transformed into colorful villages and have become tourist destinations. Each urban village represents their local identities by creating colorful murals, promoting local food and organized festivals which expressed their unique heritage. The participatory art projects conducted in urban villages were aimed to shape place identity. Artist and residents collaboratively developed place narration and art themes. The participatory art project helps urban village residents to reimagine their place, connect ideas with place’ history and culture. This study aims to understand how art and design are incorporated within the creation of place identity through participatory action. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine the mapping and engagement strategy applied in the creation of place identity in urban villages in Java Indonesia. Research data collected through in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, field observations, participant observation, photographs and visual archive documentation and supported by literature study. This article highlights several key points taken from case studies in three urban villages in Java. The findings of this study are to introduce a conceptual framework of the participatory art model for place identity formation in urban villages.

Urban identity, defined as the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment, reciprocally shapes each other within the context of unique and defining characteristics of an urban locale. This concept has served as rich fodder for intellectual discourse, yet practical, applied studies have been restricted to local-scale "place identity" or linked to urban preservation and heritage concepts. Such constraints confine the understanding of urban identity to a retrospective view, leaving its contemporaneous and prospective dimensions underexplored. Furthermore, the multi-dimensional nature of urban identity, encompassing social, cultural, historical, and spatial elements, has rendered it a complex phenomenon to define and measure, leading to its neglect in applied studies. In an era when cities face multifaceted challenges ranging from climate change to socioeconomic disparities, understanding and leveraging urban identity becomes more than a matter of civic pride; it is a strategic necessity. Addressing this, our central research question asks: "Can we develop an integrated and dynamic methodology for assessing urban identity that is applicable to various case studies, accounting for its multifaceted nature and constant evolution, and can this methodology steer urban planning and policy decisions?" To answer these questions in detail, this study was divided into two phases. The first phase identifies and examines descriptive and analytical approaches to identity and urban identity, evaluating processes and highlighting key debates, issues, and gaps. The second phase constructs a methodology for assessing urban identity based on insights from the theoretical analysis. Through this research, three main dimensions in urban identity are unveiled: spatial scale, observer, and the dynamic state over time which framed our proposed methodology. By considering these dimensions and categorising components into material and immaterial dimensions, an enriched view of urban identity, capturing its dynamic and evolving nature is reached. Incorporating seven data collection methods, it classifies urban identity into three distinct states: "stable, fragmented, and lost", enabling strategic interventions to foster favourable transformations. This methodology serves as a tool to address contemporary challenges such as climate change, socioeconomic disparities, and public safety, thereby transforming the traditional understanding of urban identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global panorama of the 21st century, migration has emerged as a phenomenon of profound socioeconomic, political and humanitarian relevance. Within this context, Venezuelan migration has acquired outstanding visibility due to its magnitude, complexity and multiple implications. The massive exodus of Venezuelan citizens from their country of origin has had a significant impact on both Venezuela and the countries receiving this migration. In particular, Colombia has been one of the most prominent destinations for Venezuelan migrants, presenting a series of challenges and opportunities for both migrants and the receiving society. Venezuelan migration to Colombia has been characterized by its multifaceted nature and its cross-cutting consequences in various aspects of contemporary life. In the socioeconomic sphere, the arrival of large numbers of migrants has raised crucial questions about the labor market, economic inclusion and employment dynamics for both the migrants themselves and the local population. In addition, migration has impacted cultural perceptions and coexistence in receiving communities, generating reflections on diversity, interculturality and the construction of identities in contexts of human mobility. Although migration is a phenomenon that crosses current societies, research on the subject tends to ignore the relationships that the subject establishes with the environment and that affect his or her identity, social ties and even life project. The objective of the research was to learn about the process of attachment and identity to the place of Venezuelan migrants residing in the city of Medellin, Colombia. The research was qualitative, framed in the case study method. Environmental psychology was used as a conceptual reference to understand the relationships of the participants with the natural and built environment. The results showed that, although attachment and identity are similar categories, they should be analyzed independently; thus the trajectories followed by migrants, once they leave their country of origin, are often stressful because they place the subject at the margin or on the threshold of society. This is a state of social liminality or psychologically stressful transitional phase in the face of mobility from one country to another. Migrants may develop place attachment, i.e., an affective bond for the space, and wish to remain in it because they feel comfortable and safe. Personal and institutional support networks and the geographic and cultural similarities between the two countries are factors that strongly influence positive attachment to the environment. However, the identity to the place is complicated by the migrant condition that contributes to the subject feeling as a foreigner at all times and the xenophobic discrimination behaviors, by Colombians, hinder belonging to the new place of arrival. This suggests that, despite developing an attachment to place, migrants face social and psychological barriers that limit their ability to establish an identity rooted in their place of residence. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the migrant experience and may have important implications for the formulation of integration policies and programs in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People and place are inevitably intertwined through significant cognitive relationships and mental bonds, indicating social and psychological meanings derived from experiences. Despite many studies on place identity as a versatile conception base for psychological formulations of human–environment associations, there is still a gap in explaining how and why inhabitants identify with a place and make it meaningful through social comparison processes. Therefore, this article explores and explains the place identification process, which results from the continuous emotional and evaluative relationship between humans and the built environment, reflected in an environmental mnemonic of the conscious and unconscious but significant perception. Following a structuralist approach aiming at developing a model to scrutinize associations between different dimensions and sub-dimensions, eight factors of Familiarity, Legibility and Distinctiveness, Satisfaction, Self-efficacy, Social Interaction, Congruency, Attachment, and Memorability have been considered. Through separate Confirmatory Factor Analyses, a measurement model and then a structural equation model of place identification have been developed, clarifying the role and direct and indirect influence of the mentioned dimensions, including specific sub-dimensions and related particular measures/variables. Statistical indices of assessing data–model fit establish that the resulting model is adequate and acceptable regarding the coordination of observed data with the factor structure. Accordingly, a local inhabitant could gradually be as a self who is familiar with a legible and distinct place in which his/her physical/biological and then spiritual/social needs and priorities are answered and satisfied. Hence, he/she becomes involved and attached to a place that has become memorable for him/her. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to analyze the entrepreneurial performance mechanism of rural homestays to improve farmers' incomes under the strategy of rural revitalization in China. This study constructs a mechanism model, in which place identity and social capital are antecedent variables and entrepreneurial self-efficacy is an intermediary variable. Three hundred and fifty five valid samples were collected from rural homestayers in suburban areas of Beijing. A structural equation modelling by Mplus was conducted for path-analysis and also a mediating effects test to verity the theoretical model. The results demonstrate that place identity has no significant effect on entrepreneurial performance, while social capital and entrepreneurial self-efficacy do have. In fact, place identity and social capital have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between place identity and farmers' entrepreneurial performance, and a partial mediating role in the relationship between social capital and farmers' entrepreneurial performance. Under the background of rural revitalization, the conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving the farmer's entrepreneurial performance and have certain practical management significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explored the overall visual elements of arcade buildings and streetscapes from the perspective of tourists and then evaluated their influence on the identity and emotion of places. The scope of the research was to take the arcade building in the port area of Shantou Small Park in Guangdong, China, and apply the eye-tracking experiment method and semantic difference method. This entailed collecting the eye-tracking data of 16 people, implementing 334 questionnaires for evaluation, verifying the correlation between the visual elements and place identity emotions, and then screening out the visual elements that affect place identity through correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that plaque text morphological richness (p = 0.045 < 0.05, and the regression coefficient B = 0.146), the color brightness of plaque text (p = 0.031 < 0.01, and the regression coefficient B = 0.171), window morphological richness (p = 0.038 < 0.05, and the regression coefficient B = 0.106), window color brilliance (p = 0.047 < 0.01, and regression coefficient B = 0.094), and plant color brilliance (p = 0.029 < 0.05, and the regression coefficient B = 0.154) are five visual element evaluation factors that have a significant correlation with the identity and emotion of places. Although the fineness of architectural decoration is negatively correlated with place identity, it is not obviously significant. The research results provide reference for the visual control design of arcade buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the sustainable development goal of agriculture put forward by the United Nations, countries have introduced a series of agricultural environmental protection policies. However, the effectiveness of these policies has been hindered by insufficient responses from farmers. This study begins with the fundamental logic of farmers' production behavior and first introduces family and place identities into the theoretical analysis framework of farmers' environment-friendly production behavior (EPB). Using primary survey data for farmers from the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, a hierarchical regression and simple slope analysis models were developed to verify how family and place identities affect farmers' EPB. The potential moderating effect of place identity on the relationship between family identity and farmers' EPB is further investigated. The results show that improving family identity has a significantly negative effect on farmers' EPB, while improving place identity can significantly promote farmers' EPB. Compared with respondents who have a low place identity, the inhibitory effect of family identity on farmers' EPB is significantly weakened for those who have a high place identity, which suggests that farmers with a high place identity are more likely to engage in EPBs in agricultural production. This study highlights the importance of considering the economic logic toward maximizing family economic interests and the social logic oriented toward collective interests in the decision-making process of agricultural environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothesis of this totally novel research in Serbia is that the way in which place may influence the identity of international students integrates a part of their individual identities, but also influences the variability of identities deriving from various contextual factors of the student migration's origin. Cities can be observed through their respective role in shaping and transforming the international students' identity. The goal is to examine emotional and functional attachment of international students to the city in which they study, in comparison to these two components of attachment to the place of their origin. The testing of theoretical standpoints is based on qualitative research through focus-group interviews with three designed groups of respondents and the results of this testing will be additionally validated later in triangulation with questionnaires and interviews as complementing research techniques and approaches.

There is a growing interest in understanding development processes and opportunities in small and medium-sized towns that so far did not attract much attention in mainstream urban theory. Conventional growth-oriented approaches fail to capture the complexity of local development and policy-making processes because they prioritise production factors and underrate the role of discourse and place-based identity. This paper aims to explore the linkages between narratives, place identity, and local development. As local actors try to make sense of a place’s past and future, they select, contribute to, and mobilise various local narratives. Multiple narratives feed into and are part of a place’s identity that defines a frame for possible development options. The paper uses the case of Zeitz in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) to analyse the evolution of local development narratives from the 1970s until today. The paper concludes that: i) narrative-making is not a linear process; narratives, spatial imaginaries and local identity are complex, dynamic, and interconnected with each other; ii) local narratives help to construct a coherent imaginary of a place and are mutually intertwined with local development and policies; and iii) local narratives are interdependent with external events and strategies requiring a multiscalar relational perspective on local development processes.

Globalisation, commercialisation, commodification, and mass communication have led to a loss of uniqueness and a cultural uniformity in places, known as "placelessness". This study proposes a novel business concept called "placeful business" that addresses this issue. A placeful business incorporates local heritage, showcases unique architecture and aesthetics, engages with the community, and promotes place sustainability and identity. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders, and a salience-valence analysis was performed on 874 online reviews from Google Maps, TripAdvisor, Booking.com, Agoda, and Hostelworld. This analysis aimed to reveal the key factors contributing to positive experiences and gain insights into the representation and manifestation of placeful characteristics. Through a mixed-method case study of Once Again Hostel in Bangkok, this research identified several salient attributes of the hostel that reinforce the characteristics of a placeful business and have a positive impact on the community. The authors also observed the interconnected and mutually reinforcing nature of placeful and successful factors. However, it was noted that guests' perception and understanding of placeful characteristics remained limited. While the placeful business model has not yet gained widespread recognition in the business and academic domains, it offers practical implications for small businesses seeking to differentiate themselves in the global market by infusing their operations with a distinct sense of place. Furthermore, place managers can play a crucial role in promoting and fostering placeful business practices as a means to counteract the growing homogenization of places. The adoption of the placeful business model enables the continuous reinforcement of place identity, which, in turn, contributes to the long-term enhancement of place sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theater as a place, but also as a field of human and team activity involving the creation of performances performed in the presence of the viewer, has a centuries-old history. This study aims at examining the links between theatre architecture/space and public spaces, trying to answer to what extent these objects have become attractors in its space and how they affect the activity of cultural and social life. The subjects of the study are Warsaw theatres, both historical and contemporary, in the context of their impact on the surrounding public spaces. A specific methodology was elaborated to evaluate potential impacts. According to the spatial relations between the theatre and its surroundings, they are clustered in the following typologies: emanation, isolation, and interference theatre. The research methods applied for defining and solving the scientific problem are: (i) critical analysis, (ii) comparative analysis, (iii) observation without intervention, and (iv) intuitive method based on the author's personal experience. The conclusions are based on empirical research, with particular emphasis on the research material obtained by field research. The results of the research allow one to draw conclusions regarding the influence of theatrical places on public spaces in the city structure. The mission of the theater is changed, activating events and building social bonds. Theater space and its surroundings are shaped in accordance with these new standards and social expectations to be transformed into a public space of a cultural nature. Thus, presently, urban theatrical space is a site for spectacle, with a social and cultural mission. Theater space and its surroundings should be shaped in accordance with changing standards and social expectations, and it should be a public space of a cultural nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Place is a field that is related to various disciplines like geography, sociology, psychology, environment and literature among others. In this interdisciplinary study, place attachment and place identity and their correlation with self –identity (its formation and transformation) are being traced to reveal that similar to real life powerful place experiences that influence one's identity, literary place experiences have deep ramifications on a literary work's characters. Borrowing theories from geography and Social Psychology, Edward Relph's phenomenology of place with its vast array of levels of insideness and outsideness, together with Glynis Breakwell's Identity Process Theory are employed to closely follow Ezzedine Fishere's Farah in his latest literary production Farah's Story (2021). Although Farah's childhood attachment to place form her conformant identity, later powerful place experiences transform her into an iron-willed rebellious woman who rejects all forms of attachment or authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukrainian Art Nouveau is considered in the context of the pan-European development of Art Nouveau in the architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This stylistic direction is a demonstration of the self-identification of nations. It is hypothesized that the development of Ukrainian Art Nouveau in the architecture of Poltava at the beginning of the twentieth century expresses the identity of the place and national identification of the population, and is a reflection of national consciousness through architecture. This article defines and illustrates the special features of Ukrainian Art Nouveau as a manifestation of national character in the architecture of Poltava at the beginning of the twentieth century. The research was conducted using a cultural studies approach in the context of the general cultural development of the city. The general characteristics of the stylistic development of Poltava architecture at the beginning of the twentieth century are presented, and the place of Ukrainian Art Nouveau in the polystylism of the research period is revealed. The influence of Ukrainian Art Nouveau from the beginning of the twentieth century on the further development of Poltava architecture is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of promoting an image of the city using architectural objects, and the need to identify or create architectural icons in urban spaces, outlined in this article, occurs in many cities worldwide. The city of Szczecin in Poland, the subject of this research, is no exception. The turbulent history of the city, which for years remained within the borders of Germany, makes it particularly worth analyzing in these terms because it shows the shifting popularity of architectural objects in the context of changing political, cultural, and economic conditions. The research presented here aims to identify iconic objects commonly exploited to build an image of Szczecin, assess their prominent features, and analyze changes over time in their popularity and use for these purposes. The historical and interpretive research was based on a detailed analysis of old and contemporary architectural objects of Szczecin depicted in postcards from the last hundred years, from the period spanning 1920 to 2023. The analysis covered several digital databases containing archival and contemporary postcards. This analysis enables the identification of the most popular objects, suggests the key characteristics of iconic buildings, and identifies four basic types of buildings, which are distinct in terms of purpose, message, and the specific image of the city to which each contributes. The duration of each type as a popular object, the strength of its impact on the city's image, and its importance for the urban landscape are also identified. The research revealed that: architecturally iconic buildings are created concerning political, economic, and social conditions and the need to promote a specific image of the city, certain features contribute to a building's potential as an architectural icon, and the strength of the building's impact, its importance for the city landscape, and the possibility of creating a specific image depending on its iconic type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]