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Abstract Background Thin endometrium (TE) is a common cause of female infertility in clinical practice. Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) therapy becomes a novel treatment for thin endometrium; however, its clinical application remains controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intrauterine autologous PRP infusion in women with thin endometrium through relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We systematically searched studies published in English from inception until June 2024 in databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Search terms included “Platelet-Rich Plasma,” “thin endometrium,” “endometrial thickness,” “infertility,” “pregnancy,” “reproduction,” and “adverse reactions”. RCTs identified through the search were subjected to systematic review and meta-analysis, and data were analyzed using fixed-effects or random-effects models based on heterogeneity. Results Eight RCTs involving 678 patients with thin endometrium were included. Patients receiving PRP infusion demonstrated significantly superior outcomes compared to the control group in endometrial thickness (MD: 1.23, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.59, P = 0.000), clinical pregnancy rate (RR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.52 to 2.76, P = 0.000), live birth rate (RR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.57 to 3.85, P = 0.000), cycle cancellation rate (RR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.93, P = 0.000), and embryo implantation rate (RR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.91 to 3.84, P = 0.000). There were no statistically significance in spontaneous abortion rate (RR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.40 to 1.78, P = 0.659), chemical pregnancy rate (RR: 1.84, 95%CI: 0.72 to 4.72, P = 0.204) and endometrial vascular improvement rate (RR: 1.10; 95%CI: 0.89 to 1.38, P = 0.367) between the two groups. The limitations of this study includes that, we only included single lauguage for literature research, the sample size and heterogeneity which could cause criteria bias. Conclusion Intrauterine PRP infusion may be an effective and safe treatment for women with thin endometrium. Further high-quality, large-sample, randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the reliability of our results. Trial registration The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023490421, and no modifications were made to the information provided at registration.

Purpose: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is enriched with active biological components which showed proliferative and cytoprotective properties in healing different injuries in medicinal fields. This study was designed to assess the cryoprotective effects of autologous PRP on the quality of oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT) samples during freezing and thawing procedure. Materials and Methods: The present study is an experimental research. Twenty OAT semen samples were ob- tained from individuals and prepared by discontinuous density – gradients technique DGC). The control group is sperm samples after DGC. After the procedure, the specimen was divided into four groups. The Freeze group which has no additive and the other three groups were cryopreserved with different concentrations of PRP (1×105 / µL, 0.5×105 /µL and 0.25×105 /µL). Autologous PRP was provided by each participant. After thawing, sperm pa- rameters, DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD), protamine deficiency by (Chromomycin A3) CMA3 staining, acrosome integrity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated. Results: Cryopreservation resulted in a significant decrease in all factors compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in sperm count, morphology, non-progressive motility and acrosome reaction by adding PRP as a cryoprotectant in comparison with the freeze group. PRP at all three concentrations showed a significant increase in progressive motility (3.05 ± 2.01 vs. 14.05 ± 4.13, 12.35 ± 4.90 and 12.15 ± 9.65, P < 0.001) and viability (36.85 ± 10.25 vs. 47.85 ± 5.86, 51.30 ± 5.54 and 50.05 ± 5.67, P < 0.001) compared to the sperm samples without PRP. The percentage of immotile sperms decreased at all PRP concentrations compared to the freeze group. Moreover, PRP at 1×105 /µL concentration showed cryoprotective effects on DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency and MDA level compared to the other three concentrations. Conclusion: Cryopreservation and thawing procedures may exert adverse effects on biological factors of sperm samples. Therefore, adding PRP as cryoprotectant at all three concentrations especially 1×105 /µL can be promising strategy to reduce adverse effects of cryopreservation on OAT samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Infertility constitutes a significant challenge for couples around the world. Ovarian dysfunction, a major cause of infertility, can manifest with anovulatory cycles, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and diminished ovarian reserve markers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels or the Antral Follicle Count (AFC). Blood-derived therapies including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been used in fertility treatments in women with low ovarian reserve or premature ovarian insufficiency. This prospective clinical cohort study aims to assess the effects of intraovarian PRP therapy on ovarian function in women diagnosed with anovulatory cycles. Methods: The preliminary findings of this prospective cohort study are based on the first 32 patients enrolled. In this study, patients over 40 years old with anovulatory infertility were included. Venous blood samples were collected from each participant for the preparation of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Each participant received two courses of intraovarian PRP injections using a transvaginal ultrasound-guided approach. Serum levels of reproductive hormones before and after PRP intervention were measured. Results: This study's results demonstrate a significant improvement in ovarian physiology following transvaginal ultrasound-guided PRP infusion. A 75% increase in Antral Follicle Count (AFC) was observed, which was statistically significant. Furthermore, statistically significant reductions in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin levels were observed. Serum Vitamin D 1–25 levels were substantially increased after the injection. Conclusions: These findings highlight the beneficial impact of intraovarian PRP injection in optimizing ovarian function and other metabolic parameters. However, the published literature on this subject is limited and further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm the role of intraovarian PRP in fertility treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thin endometrium (TE) is a common cause of female infertility in clinical practice. Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) therapy becomes a novel treatment for thin endometrium; however, its clinical application remains controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intrauterine autologous PRP infusion in women with thin endometrium through relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We systematically searched studies published in English from inception until June 2024 in databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Search terms included "Platelet-Rich Plasma," "thin endometrium," "endometrial thickness," "infertility," "pregnancy," "reproduction," and "adverse reactions". RCTs identified through the search were subjected to systematic review and meta-analysis, and data were analyzed using fixed-effects or random-effects models based on heterogeneity. Results: Eight RCTs involving 678 patients with thin endometrium were included. Patients receiving PRP infusion demonstrated significantly superior outcomes compared to the control group in endometrial thickness (MD: 1.23, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.59, P = 0.000), clinical pregnancy rate (RR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.52 to 2.76, P = 0.000), live birth rate (RR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.57 to 3.85, P = 0.000), cycle cancellation rate (RR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.93, P = 0.000), and embryo implantation rate (RR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.91 to 3.84, P = 0.000). There were no statistically significance in spontaneous abortion rate (RR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.40 to 1.78, P = 0.659), chemical pregnancy rate (RR: 1.84, 95%CI: 0.72 to 4.72, P = 0.204) and endometrial vascular improvement rate (RR: 1.10; 95%CI: 0.89 to 1.38, P = 0.367) between the two groups. The limitations of this study includes that, we only included single lauguage for literature research, the sample size and heterogeneity which could cause criteria bias. Conclusion: Intrauterine PRP infusion may be an effective and safe treatment for women with thin endometrium. Further high-quality, large-sample, randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the reliability of our results. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023490421, and no modifications were made to the information provided at registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than 40 years, autologous platelet concentrates have been used in clinical medicine. Since the first formula used, namely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), other platelet concentrates have been experimented with, including platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have three standard characteristics: they act as scaffolds, they serve as a source of growth factors and cytokines, and they contain live cells. PRP has become extensively used in regenerative medicine for the successful treatment of a variety of clinical (non-)dermatological conditions like alopecies, acne scars, skin burns, skin ulcers, muscle, cartilage, and bone repair, and as an adjuvant in post-surgery wound healing, with obvious benefits in terms of functionality and aesthetic recovery of affected tissues/organs. These indications were well documented, and a large amount of evidence has already been published supporting the efficacy of this method. The primordial principle behind minimally invasive PRP treatments is the usage of the patient's own platelets. The benefits of the autologous transplantation of thrombocytes are significant, representing a fast and economic method that requires only basic equipment and training, and it is biocompatible, thus being a low risk for the patient (infection and immunological reactions can be virtually disregarded). Usually, the structural benefits of applying PRP are attributed to fibroblasts only, as they are considered the most numerous cell population within the interstitium. However, this apparent simplistic explanation is still eluding those different types of interstitial cells (distinct from fibroblasts) that are residing within stromal tissue, e.g., telocytes (TCs). Moreover, dermal TCs have an already documented potential in angiogenesis (extra-cutaneous, but also within skin), and their implication in skin recovery in a few dermatological conditions was attested and described ultrastructurally and immunophenotypically. Interestingly, PRP biochemically consists of a series of growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules, to which TCs have also proven to have a positive expression. Thus, it is attractive to hypothesize and to document any tissular collaboration between cutaneous administered PRP and local dermal TCs in skin recovery/repair/regeneration. Therefore, TCs could be perceived as the missing link necessary to provide a solid explanation of the good results achieved by administering PRP in skin-repairing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has become a promising treatment option in pediatric surgery, offering a novel approach to tissue repair and regeneration. Obtained from the patient's own blood or umbilical cord blood (CB), PRP is a concentrated form of plasma enriched with platelets, growth factors, and cytokines essential for stimulating tissue healing. This systematic review explores the applications of PRP therapy in pediatric surgical procedures, focusing on its role in promoting wound healing, reducing postoperative complications, and enhancing patient outcomes. A systematic literature overview was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, encompassing studies published between 2004 and 2024. The research has identified different fields of application for PRP therapy in pediatric surgery, including treatment of pilonidal sinus and hypospadias repair. Key findings from clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are summarized, highlighting the efficacy of PRP therapy in accelerating wound healing, reducing pain, and improving patient recovery. Despite promising results, challenges and controversies surrounding PRP therapy persist, including variability in preparation protocols and optimal dosing regimens. The safety of PRP therapy in pediatric patients is also discussed, emphasizing its autologous nature and minimal risk of adverse reactions. In summary, this review highlights the role of PRP therapy as a safe and effective therapeutic approach in pediatric surgery, while further research to standardize protocols and elucidate optimal treatment strategies are still necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an effective treatment for spinal cord injury in animal models. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases. The included studies were summarized based on the investigated outcomes, including functional recovery and cavity size. Data were recorded as Mean±SD. The relationships between variables and the outcomes were investigated based on the “meta” command in the STATA 17.0 statistical program. Results: In total, 9 articles were included in the present meta-analysis. Pooled data analysis showed that administrating PRP significantly improved the motor function of animals (standardized mean differences [SMD]=1.5; 95% CI, 0.9%, 2.1%; P<0.0001). In subgroup analysis based on the severity of the injury, PRP administration significantly improved the motor function of animals in both moderate (SMD=2.59; 95% CI, 1.59%, 3.59%; P<0.0001; I² =30.22%) and severe injuries (SMD=1.22; 95% CI, 0.64%, 1.79%; P<0.0001; I² =56.35%). However, the recovery of function was significantly more in animals with moderate spinal cord injury (meta-regression coefficient=-1.36; 95% CI, -2.68%, -0.09%; P=0.035). In assessing cavity size, pooled data analysis showed that PRP administration significantly reduces cavity size (SMD=-2.2; 95% CI, -3.44%, -0.95%; P<0.0001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that PRP can significantly improve motor function and reduce the cavity size in animals with moderate to severe spinal cord injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: The limited blood supply and intrinsic healing capacity of the meniscus contributes to suboptimal tissue regeneration following injury and surgical repair. Biologic augmentation techniques have been utilized in combination with isolated meniscal repair to improve tissue regeneration. Several innovative strategies such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), fibrin clots, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow stimulation, meniscal scaffolds, and meniscal wrapping, are being explored to enhance repair outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent findings and conclusions regarding biologic augmentation techniques. Recent Findings: Studies on PRP reveal mixed outcomes, with some suggesting benefits in reducing failure rates of isolated meniscal repair, while others question its efficacy. Fibrin clots and PRF (Platelet-rich fibrin), although promising, show inconsistent results and lack sufficient evidence for definitive conclusions. MSCs demonstrate potential in preclinical studies, but clinical trials have been limited and inconclusive. Bone marrow stimulation appears effective in certain contexts, but its broader applicability remains uncertain. Meniscal scaffolds, including CMI (Collagen Meniscal Implants) and Actifit (polyurethane scaffolds), show encouraging short- and mid-term outcomes but have not consistently surpassed traditional methods in the long term. Meniscal wrapping is infrequently studied but demonstrates positive short-term results with certain applications. Summary: The review reveals a diverse range of outcomes for biologic augmentation in meniscal repair. While certain techniques show promise, particularly in specific scenarios, the overall efficacy of these methods has yet to reach a consensus. The review underscores the necessity for standardized, high-quality research to establish the definitive effectiveness of these biologic augmentation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Surgical repair is recommended for the treatment of high-grade partial and full thickness rotator cuff tears, although evidence shows surgery is not necessarily superior to non-surgical therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare percutaneous orthobiologic treatment to a home exercise therapy program for supraspinatus tears. Methods In this randomized-controlled, crossover design, participants with a torn supraspinatus tendon received either ‘BMC treatment’, consisting of a combination of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) and platelet products, or underwent a home exercise therapy program. After three months, patients randomized to exercise therapy could crossover to receive BMC treatment if not satisfied with shoulder progression. Patient-reported outcomes of Numeric Pain Scale (NPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, (DASH), and a modified Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Pre- and post-treatment MRI were assessed using the Snyder Classification system. Results Fifty-one patients were enrolled and randomized to the BMC treatment group (n = 34) or the exercise therapy group (n = 17). Significantly greater improvement in median ΔDASH, ΔNPS, and SANE scores were reported by the BMC treatment group compared to the exercise therapy group (-11.7 vs -3.8, P = 0.01; -2.0 vs 0.5, P = 0.004; and 50.0 vs 0.0, P

Abstract Background Intra-uterine infusion treatments were reported to be beneficial to embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and considered as potential therapies for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Nevertheless, their efficiencies were controversial and there lack of consensus on which intrauterine treatment is the most effective. Methods All prospective trials (in Chinese or English) were searched in Databases PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CNKI from July 2013 to July 2023. We included studies that investigated various uterine infusions, including chorionic gonadotropin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocytes, platelet-rich plasma, etc. during IVF treatment and reported subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Results We finally included 56 researches, including 40 randomized controlled trials, 14 non-randomized controlled trials, and 3 prospective cohort studies. This study included a total of 11 uterine perfusion methods: Placebo, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC), Growth hormone (GH), dexamethasone (DEX), Embryo culture supernatant (ESC), PRP combined with G-CSF (PRP + G-CSF), RPR combined with subcutaneous injection of G-CSF (RPR + G-CSFsc), G-CSF combined with subcutaneous injection of AXaIU (G-CSF + AXaIUsc). Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure compared with blank controls or placebo, and PRP improved the clinical pregnancy and live birth most. GH and ESC infusion might improve the pregnancy outcomes, but uterine infusion of DEX was shown with high miscarriage. The combination therapy did not show a significant advantage over the mono-therapy. Conclusions Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP are promising strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure. Among these treatments, PRP may be the best. More researches are required to explore the effect of drug combinations and less commonly used drugs as well. Trial registration Our study was registered in PROSPERO and the ID was CRD42023467188.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure is a prevalent issue for cancer patients, and current treatment options are associated with limitations. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a safe and straightforward treatment option for various medical conditions, including infertility. The study aims to assess the impact of PRP on the follicular function of granulosa cells damaged with Cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods: The study evaluated the biological characteristics of Human Granulosa Cells (HGrC1) that were damaged with 4 hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HC) as the active form of CTX. Then, cells were treated with different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the expression of PI3K, K-RAS, BCL-2, P27, and Caspase 3 genes were analyzed. Cell viability and apoptosis were also assessed. Results: In the MTT assay, it was observed that cells treated with Cyclophosphamide had a faster growth rate when exposed to high concentrations of PRP. The results of the apoptosis assay using Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that PRP effectively inhibited apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation across all incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Compared to untreated cells, those treated with different concentrations of PRP showed significantly lower levels of apoptosis, indicating higher cell viability. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that PRP treatment decreased the expression of apoptotic factors P27 and caspase 3 while increasing the expression of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, such as BCL-2, PI3K, and K-RAS. These findings are consistent with previous research, which suggests that the growth factors present in platelets have anti-apoptotic effects and promote high rates of cell proliferation. Conclusion: The study suggests that PRP therapy may have potential benefits in promoting follicular growth and repairing ovarian tissue. However, further research is necessary to establish novel therapeutic strategies based on PRP therapy for treating infertility.

Background: Surgical repair is recommended for the treatment of high-grade partial and full thickness rotator cuff tears, although evidence shows surgery is not necessarily superior to non-surgical therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare percutaneous orthobiologic treatment to a home exercise therapy program for supraspinatus tears. Methods: In this randomized-controlled, crossover design, participants with a torn supraspinatus tendon received either 'BMC treatment', consisting of a combination of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) and platelet products, or underwent a home exercise therapy program. After three months, patients randomized to exercise therapy could crossover to receive BMC treatment if not satisfied with shoulder progression. Patient-reported outcomes of Numeric Pain Scale (NPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, (DASH), and a modified Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Pre- and post-treatment MRI were assessed using the Snyder Classification system. Results: Fifty-one patients were enrolled and randomized to the BMC treatment group (n = 34) or the exercise therapy group (n = 17). Significantly greater improvement in median ΔDASH, ΔNPS, and SANE scores were reported by the BMC treatment group compared to the exercise therapy group (-11.7 vs -3.8, P = 0.01; -2.0 vs 0.5, P = 0.004; and 50.0 vs 0.0, P < 0.001; respectively) after three months. Patient-reported outcomes continued to progress through the study's two-year follow-up period without a serious adverse event. Of patients with both pre- and post-treatment MRIs, a majority (73%) showed evidence of healing post-BMC treatment. Conclusions: Patients reported significantly greater changes in function, pain, and overall improvement following BMC treatment compared to exercise therapy for high grade partial and full thickness supraspinatus tears. Trial registration: This protocol was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01788683; 11/02/2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and readability of information generated by ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4 concerning platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), exploring whether large language models (LLMs) could play a significant role in patient education. Design: A total of 23 common patient queries regarding the role of PRP therapy in knee OA management were presented to ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4. The quality of the responses was assessed using the DISCERN criteria, and readability was evaluated using six established assessment tools. Results: Both ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4 produced moderate quality information. The quality of information provided by ChatGPT version 4 was significantly better than version 3.5, with mean DISCERN scores of 48.74 and 44.59, respectively. Both models scored highly with respect to response relevance and had a consistent emphasis on the importance of shared decision making. However, both versions produced content significantly above the recommended 8th grade reading level for patient education materials (PEMs), with mean reading grade levels (RGLs) of 17.18 for ChatGPT version 3.5 and 16.36 for ChatGPT version 4, indicating a potential barrier to their utility in patient education. Conclusions: While ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4 both demonstrated the capability to generate information of moderate quality regarding the role of PRP therapy for knee OA, the readability of the content remains a significant barrier to widespread usage, exceeding the recommended reading levels for PEMs. Although ChatGPT version 4 showed improvements in quality and source citation, future iterations must focus on producing more accessible content to serve as a viable resource in patient education. Collaboration between healthcare providers, patient organizations, and AI developers is crucial to ensure the generation of high quality, peer reviewed, and easily understandable information that supports informed healthcare decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intra-uterine infusion treatments were reported to be beneficial to embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and considered as potential therapies for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Nevertheless, their efficiencies were controversial and there lack of consensus on which intrauterine treatment is the most effective. Methods: All prospective trials (in Chinese or English) were searched in Databases PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CNKI from July 2013 to July 2023. We included studies that investigated various uterine infusions, including chorionic gonadotropin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocytes, platelet-rich plasma, etc. during IVF treatment and reported subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Results: We finally included 56 researches, including 40 randomized controlled trials, 14 non-randomized controlled trials, and 3 prospective cohort studies. This study included a total of 11 uterine perfusion methods: Placebo, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC), Growth hormone (GH), dexamethasone (DEX), Embryo culture supernatant (ESC), PRP combined with G-CSF (PRP + G-CSF), RPR combined with subcutaneous injection of G-CSF (RPR + G-CSFsc), G-CSF combined with subcutaneous injection of AXaIU (G-CSF + AXaIUsc). Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure compared with blank controls or placebo, and PRP improved the clinical pregnancy and live birth most. GH and ESC infusion might improve the pregnancy outcomes, but uterine infusion of DEX was shown with high miscarriage. The combination therapy did not show a significant advantage over the mono-therapy. Conclusions: Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP are promising strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure. Among these treatments, PRP may be the best. More researches are required to explore the effect of drug combinations and less commonly used drugs as well. Trial registration: Our study was registered in PROSPERO and the ID was CRD42023467188. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the feasibility of using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of deep second-degree burns complicated with wound infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the treatment process of a patient with deep second-degree burns and bacterial infection on the wound using autologous PRP. Clinical treatment highlights and outpatient follow-up were combined to discuss the feasibility and clinical effects of using autologous PRP in the treatment of burn wounds complicated with infection. Results The patient had a deep second-degree burn with a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus infection on the left lower limb. After one week of conventional wound dressing and antibiotic treatment, the patient's body temperature returned to normal. However, wound healing was slow and yellow secretion persisted. Subsequently, the burn wound was treated combined with topical autologous PRP. The wound pain score gradually decreased from 8 to 1. After 2 weeks, the bacterial culture of the wound secretion was negative, and the wound healed completely after 18 days. The wound scar score decreased from 5 to 2 at 1, 3 and 6 months after PRP treatment, and no obvious scar formation was observed. In the course of PRP treatment, there were no adverse reactions such as increased wound inflammation, abnormal blood routine and liver and kidney function test results. Conclusion For deep second-degree burn patients with localized wound bacterial infections who either refuse surgery or are not suitable for surgery, autologous PRP is a safer alternative that can effectively promote tissue regeneration and wound healing. The patient in this case achieved a curative effect in a short period of time.

Background: Various treatments for chronic low back pain (LBP) have been reported; among them, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative medicine has attracted much attention. Although Modic type 1 change (MC1) is associated with LBP, no treatment has been established so far. In addition, no studies have administered PRP to intervertebral discs (IVDs) in patients with LBP, targeting MC1 only. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs in patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Methods: PRP was injected intradiscally to 10 patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Patients were followed prospectively for up to 24 weeks after primary administration. Physical condition, laboratory data, and lumbar x‐ray images were evaluated for safety assessment. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP, patient‐reported outcomes were considered. In addition, changes in MC1 were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: There were no adverse events in the laboratory data or lumbar X‐ray images after administration. The mean visual analog scale, which was 70.0 ± 13.3 before the treatment, significantly decreased 1 week after PRP administration and was 39.0 ± 28.8 at the last observation. Oswestry disability index and Roland Morris disability questionnaire scores promptly improved after treatment, and both improved significantly 24 weeks after PRP administration. Follow‐up MRI 24 weeks after treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean high‐signal intensity of fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging from 10.1 to 7.90 mm2 compared with that before PRP administration. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs of patients with MC1 experiencing LBP were identified. Post‐treatment MRI suggested improvement in inflammation, speculating that PRP suppressed inflammation and consequently relieved the patient's symptoms. Despite the small number of patients, this treatment is promising for patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee for Regenerative Medicine and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials [jRCT] No. jRCTb042210159). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rotator cuff tear is a prevalent ailment affecting the shoulder joint. The clinical efficacy of combined therapy remains uncertain for partial rotator cuff tears. In this study, we integrated extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, juxtaposed with PRP in isolation. Both cohorts exhibited significant improvements in visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant–Murley score (CMS), degrees of forward flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation, and the sum of range of motion (SROM) over the six-month assessment period. The application of ESWT in conjunction with PRP exhibited notable additional enhancements in both forward flexion (p = 0.033) and abduction (p = 0.015) after one month. Furthermore, a substantial augmentation in the range of shoulder motion (SROM) (p < 0.001) was observed after six months. We employed isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to analyze the differential plasma protein expression in serum samples procured from the two groups after one month. The concentrations of S100A8 (p = 0.042) and S100A9 (p = 0.034), known to modulate local inflammation, were both lower in the ESWT + PRP cohort. These findings not only underscore the advantages of combined therapy but also illuminate the associated molecular changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy holds substantial promise for the treatment of tennis elbow, a complex and challenging musculoskeletal condition. The aim of the study was to assess whether there are correlations between the levels of individual morphotic elements determined in whole blood and the outcomes of tennis elbow treatment with PRP injection, as measured using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH), and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). A prospective analysis was conducted on 107 patients (132 elbows) undergoing lateral epicondylitis treatment with (PRP) injections. Patients completed VAS, PRTEE, and QDASH questionnaires on the day of PRP administration and at established checkpoints (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was employed to assess the treatment effects. Then, correlations were measured within each PROM, and the impact of the concentration of individual blood parameters on the MCID outcomes was assessed. Analyzing the relationships between the MCID+ and MCID− groups, significant correlations for the VAS and QDASH scales were observed. The level of individual morphotic elements in the blood may have influenced the treatment outcome, as measured using specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Regarding the VAS scale, factors favoring a positive treatment outcome included higher values of eosinophils (EOS) and basophils (BASO). For the QDASH scale, these factors were a lower value of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). The levels of certain blood parameters, such as EOS and BASO, in the current study influenced the classification of patients into MCID+ or MCID− groups, based on the VAS and QDASH scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The adhesion and survival state of cells on scaffold material is a major problem in tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) culture. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large amount of biologically active factors and fibrin, which is expected to play an important role in TEBV culture. Purpose To combine PRP with cells and scaffold material to promote cell adhesion and biological activity on the scaffold material. Methods The adhesion status and migration of SMCs under the optimal concentration suitable for SMC growth and the optimal concentration of PRP were examined by scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, CCK-8 assays, qPCR, WB, and other experimental methods and compared with those under the conventional culture (20% FBS); finally, the effect of PRP on the deposition of ECM in vascular tissue engineering culture was verified by three-dimensional culture. Results PRP at 20% is a suitable concentration for SMCs. Compared with the control group, the 20% PRP group had better migration, and the number of SMC adhesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, collagen deposition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion PRP (20%) can promote SMC adhesion, migration, and collagen deposition on the scaffold material.

The management of diabetic wounds remains a critical therapeutic challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, PRP-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos), and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in wound treatment. Unfortunately, their poor mechanical properties, the short half-lives of growth factors (GFs), and the burst release of GFs and exosomes have limited their clinical applications. Furthermore, proteases in diabetic wounds degrade GFs, which hampers wound repair. Silk fibroin is an enzyme-immobilization biomaterial that could protect GFs from proteases. Herein, we developed novel dual-crosslinked hydrogels based on silk protein (SP) (sericin and fibroin), including SP@PRP, SP@MSC-Exos, and SP@PRP-Exos, to promote diabetic wound healing synergistically. SP@PRP was prepared from PRP and SP using calcium gluconate/thrombin as agonist, while SP@PRP-Exos and SP@MSC-Exos were derived from exosomes and SP with genipin as crosslinker. SP provided improved mechanical properties and enabled the sustained release of GFs and exosomes, thereby overcoming the limitations of PRP and exosomes in wound healing. The dual-crosslinked hydrogels displayed shear-induced thinning, self-healing, and eradication of microbial biofilms in a bone-mimicking environment. In vivo, the dual-crosslinked hydrogels contributed to faster diabetic wound healing than PRP and SP by upregulating GFs expression, down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and by promoting an anti-NETotic effect, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Hence, these dual-crosslinked hydrogels have the potential to be translated into a new generation of diabetic wound dressings.

For more than 40 years, autologous platelet concentrates have been used in clinical medicine. Since the first formula used, namely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), other platelet concentrates have been experimented with, including platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have three standard characteristics: they act as scaffolds, they serve as a source of growth factors and cytokines, and they contain live cells. PRP has become extensively used in regenerative medicine for the successful treatment of a variety of clinical (non-)dermatological conditions like alopecies, acne scars, skin burns, skin ulcers, muscle, cartilage, and bone repair, and as an adjuvant in post-surgery wound healing, with obvious benefits in terms of functionality and aesthetic recovery of affected tissues/organs. These indications were well documented, and a large amount of evidence has already been published supporting the efficacy of this method. The primordial principle behind minimally invasive PRP treatments is the usage of the patient’s own platelets. The benefits of the autologous transplantation of thrombocytes are significant, representing a fast and economic method that requires only basic equipment and training, and it is biocompatible, thus being a low risk for the patient (infection and immunological reactions can be virtually disregarded). Usually, the structural benefits of applying PRP are attributed to fibroblasts only, as they are considered the most numerous cell population within the interstitium. However, this apparent simplistic explanation is still eluding those different types of interstitial cells (distinct from fibroblasts) that are residing within stromal tissue, e.g., telocytes (TCs). Moreover, dermal TCs have an already documented potential in angiogenesis (extra-cutaneous, but also within skin), and their implication in skin recovery in a few dermatological conditions was attested and described ultrastructurally and immunophenotypically. Interestingly, PRP biochemically consists of a series of growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules, to which TCs have also proven to have a positive expression. Thus, it is attractive to hypothesize and to document any tissular collaboration between cutaneous administered PRP and local dermal TCs in skin recovery/repair/regeneration. Therefore, TCs could be perceived as the missing link necessary to provide a solid explanation of the good results achieved by administering PRP in skin-repairing processes.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has become a promising treatment option in pediatric surgery, offering a novel approach to tissue repair and regeneration. Obtained from the patient’s own blood or umbilical cord blood (CB), PRP is a concentrated form of plasma enriched with platelets, growth factors, and cytokines essential for stimulating tissue healing. This systematic review explores the applications of PRP therapy in pediatric surgical procedures, focusing on its role in promoting wound healing, reducing postoperative complications, and enhancing patient outcomes. A systematic literature overview was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, encompassing studies published between 2004 and 2024. The research has identified different fields of application for PRP therapy in pediatric surgery, including treatment of pilonidal sinus and hypospadias repair. Key findings from clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are summarized, highlighting the efficacy of PRP therapy in accelerating wound healing, reducing pain, and improving patient recovery. Despite promising results, challenges and controversies surrounding PRP therapy persist, including variability in preparation protocols and optimal dosing regimens. The safety of PRP therapy in pediatric patients is also discussed, emphasizing its autologous nature and minimal risk of adverse reactions. In summary, this review highlights the role of PRP therapy as a safe and effective therapeutic approach in pediatric surgery, while further research to standardize protocols and elucidate optimal treatment strategies are still necessary.

Background: chronic wounds represent a challenge in treatment, due to diverse pathogenesis, resistance to ordinary treatment complex and lack of direct methods of treatment In this study, the aim is to compare the effect of Platelet -rich plasma (PRP) and mechanically emulsified fat grafts on the outcome of the healing process of chronic wounds. Patients and methods: In the current study, 30 patients with chronic wounds were divided into two groups (Group I, 15 patients had application of PRP on chronic wounds). Whereas (Group II, 15 patients had application of mechanically emulsified fat on chronic wounds). In both groups assessment of the healing rates and histopathological changes that were determined by observing the parameters of wound healing, including peri-lesional skin quality, observation of the wound size and depth, assessment of the pain indicated by Visual analog scale score. Results: Patient were followed up for 6 months. Group II showed a better healing rate 64% in comparison to Group I 55%. Wound parameters and pain score were recorded in both groups with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Both PRP and mechanically emulsified fat grafts were found to be efficient treatment modalities in management of chronic “non-healing” wounds. But mechanically emulsified fat grafts represent a better treatment method for chronic wounds.

Abstract Background Various treatments for chronic low back pain (LBP) have been reported; among them, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative medicine has attracted much attention. Although Modic type 1 change (MC1) is associated with LBP, no treatment has been established so far. In addition, no studies have administered PRP to intervertebral discs (IVDs) in patients with LBP, targeting MC1 only. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs in patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Methods PRP was injected intradiscally to 10 patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Patients were followed prospectively for up to 24 weeks after primary administration. Physical condition, laboratory data, and lumbar x‐ray images were evaluated for safety assessment. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP, patient‐reported outcomes were considered. In addition, changes in MC1 were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results There were no adverse events in the laboratory data or lumbar X‐ray images after administration. The mean visual analog scale, which was 70.0 ± 13.3 before the treatment, significantly decreased 1 week after PRP administration and was 39.0 ± 28.8 at the last observation. Oswestry disability index and Roland Morris disability questionnaire scores promptly improved after treatment, and both improved significantly 24 weeks after PRP administration. Follow‐up MRI 24 weeks after treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean high‐signal intensity of fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging from 10.1 to 7.90 mm2 compared with that before PRP administration. Conclusions The safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs of patients with MC1 experiencing LBP were identified. Post‐treatment MRI suggested improvement in inflammation, speculating that PRP suppressed inflammation and consequently relieved the patient's symptoms. Despite the small number of patients, this treatment is promising for patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee for Regenerative Medicine and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials [jRCT] No. jRCTb042210159).

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most prevalent forms of OA and causes pain, joint instability, and functional limitations. The management of KOA involves a wide range of therapies, including surgical interventions, medications, exercise prescription, physical agent modalities, and patient education. While knee arthroplasty is an effective treatment for severe KOA, it is not suitable for younger patients or those with non-end-stage disease due to its cost and potential complications. Pharmacological therapy options for KOA include analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroid injections, but they can have significant adverse effects. In recent years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have emerged as promising treatments for KOA. Methods: We conducted a literature review to explore the effectiveness of both PRP and HA in treating knee osteoarthritis. We compared some studies to know their effectiveness in patients, when given alone and with combination. Conclusion: PRP injections have consistently outperformed HA injections in treating knee osteoarthritis, offering pain relief and improved function, but the potential benefits of combining PRP with HA remain inconclusive, necessitating further research to ascertain their effectiveness and safety in combination treatment. This narrative review serves as a guide to evidence-based treatment.

Background: The adhesion and survival state of cells on scaffold material is a major problem in tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) culture. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large amount of biologically active factors and fibrin, which is expected to play an important role in TEBV culture. Purpose: To combine PRP with cells and scaffold material to promote cell adhesion and biological activity on the scaffold material. Methods: The adhesion status and migration of SMCs under the optimal concentration suitable for SMC growth and the optimal concentration of PRP were examined by scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, CCK-8 assays, qPCR, WB, and other experimental methods and compared with those under the conventional culture (20% FBS); finally, the effect of PRP on the deposition of ECM in vascular tissue engineering culture was verified by three-dimensional culture. Results: PRP at 20% is a suitable concentration for SMCs. Compared with the control group, the 20% PRP group had better migration, and the number of SMC adhesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, collagen deposition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: PRP (20%) can promote SMC adhesion, migration, and collagen deposition on the scaffold material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the feasibility of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of herpes zoster wounds secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially large ulcer wounds. Methods The treatment process of a patient with massive herpes zoster wounds in perineum and hip accompanied by extensive soft tissue necrosis secondary to SLE was retrospectively analyzed. The clinical efficacy of allogeneic PRP was explored combined with treatment key points and literature review. Results The patient′s wound bed was prepared until the wound was fresh, then treated externally with allogeneic PRP 3 times a week. The wound was healed completely after 42 days. Conclusion In the case of autologous PRP unavailable or unsuitable, allogeneic PRP is a safe alternative, which can effectively promote tissue regeneration, and this patient achieved curative effect in a short period of time.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a revolutionary treatment that harnesses the regenerative power of the body's own platelets to promote healing and tissue regeneration. While PRP therapy has emerged as a promising option for augmenting biologic healing in the shoulder, the complexity of shoulder disorders makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of PRP across different conditions and stages of disease. Our comprehensive review of twenty-four studies highlights the current state of PRP therapy in shoulder pathologies, revealing a wide variety of number of patients, control groups and results. Despite these challenges, the regenerative potential of PRP therapy is moderate in some conditions, with numerous studies demonstrating the positive effects. In conclusion, the authors of this study recommend the use of PRP therapy for adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff repair of medium to large tears. However, they do not recommend the use of PRP for subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tears. It is up to the clinician's discretion to decide whether PRP therapy is appropriate for individual cases. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the inclusion of PRP therapy in treatment protocols for other shoulder disorders. Therefore, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of PRP therapy in the treatment of various shoulder conditions.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on ulcer wound surface in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were procured as skin ulcer as well as diabetes models, and randomly divided into control and PRP groups, respectively. Their wound surfaces were smeared with 0.9 % normal saline or an equal concentration of allogeneic PRP, respectively, and the pathological changes in the wound tissues were examined with the aid of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Also, the expression levels of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in wound tissues were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Both purulent exudation and swelling of the wound surface were milder in the PRP group than in the control group, and the PRP group showed greater redness on the wound surface and more pronounced signs of epithelialization of the wound surface and its margins (p < 0.05). Wound healing rate in PRP group was higher than in the control group while the number of fibroblasts and new microvessels in the wound surface in the PRP group were greater than in the control group, accompanied by slighter inflammatory response compared to the control group. Furthermore, the PRP group expressed lower MMP-2, MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio, and higher TGF-ß1 and TIMP-2 levels than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Allogeneic PRP treatment contributes to the healing of ulcer wound surface in diabetic rats, a process mediated by TGF-ß1/MMP-2/TIMP-2 signaling pathway. Thus, PRP is a potential therapeutic agent for the management of diabetic ulcer wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

chronic wounds represent a challenge in treatment, due to diverse pathogenesis, resistance to ordinary treatment complex and lack of direct methods of treatment In this study, the aim is to compare the effect of Platelet -rich plasma (PRP) and mechanically emulsified fat grafts on the outcome of the healing process of chronic wounds. In the current study, 30 patients with chronic wounds were divided into two groups (Group I , 15 patients had application of PRP on chronic wounds). Whereas (Group II , 15 patients had application of mechanically emulsified fat on chronic wounds). In both groups assessment of the healing rates and histopathological changes that were determined by observing the parameters of wound healing, including peri-lesional skin quality, observation of the wound size and depth, assessment of the pain indicated by Visual analog scale score. Patient were followed up for 6 months. Group II showed a better healing rate 64% in comparison to Group I 55%. Wound parameters and pain score were recorded in both groups with no statistically significant difference. Both PRP and mechanically emulsified fat grafts were found to be efficient treatment modalities in management of chronic "non-healing" wounds. But mechanically emulsified fat grafts represent a better treatment method for chronic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: During IVF (in vitro fertilization), a proper endometrium thickness is one of the most difficult parameters to achieve and one of the most important prognostic factors of the success rate. One major problem is the high cancelation percentage in frozen embryo transfer cycles. The focus on the adjuvant methods for improving endometrium thickness is an on-going subject of interest. (2) Methods: This prospective single-arm self-control study was conducted in an IVF centre in Oradea, Romania. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 51 patients with at least one attempt to transfer a good-quality blastocyst, but the endometrial thickness did not surpass 7 mm under standard endometrial preparation protocol with oestradiol and with adjuvant therapy (other than PRP, such as aspirin, vitamin C, and vitamin E), and the study group included the same 51 patients that had the embryo transfer performed under the same standard endometrial preparation protocol with oestradiol preparation protocol and intrauterine PRP infusion. (3) Results: In our study, the PRP treatment had a positive impact on the parameters that were followed for the evaluation of the success rate of the embryo transfer procedure. The endometrial thickness (an increase in endometrial thickness by 0.6 mm after PRP treatment with p = 0.0001) and the clinical pregnancy rate (having a MD ± SD of 0 ± 0.38 before PRP treatment and with an increase to 0.5 ± 0.1 after the PRP treatment, p = 0.0004) were statistically significant (4) Conclusions: PRP has a positive effect in promoting endometrial proliferation, improving embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate for women with thin endometrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has attracted attention because of its potential to accelerate the wound healing process. However, resources for evaluating research trends in the treatment of wounds with PRP were limited. In this study, we aimed to make a bibliometric analysis of the literature related to PRP in the treatment of wounds and explore the research status, hotspots and frontiers in this field in recent 20 years. Studies about PRP treatment for wounds from 2002 to 2021 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI‐E) of Web of Science (WOS) database. Visualisation softwares such as VOSviewer and SCImago Graphica, and CiteSpace were used to analyse the research trends and features. A total of 1748 studies were identified in the SCI‐Expanded from 2002 to 2021. The number of publications on PRP in the treatment of wounds has shown an increasing trend, from 6 (in 2002) to 228 (in 2021). The papers published in the United States have led in times cited (14637) and H‐index (63). Though Italy was slightly lower than China in the number of publications, the H‐index and average cited (47, 28.45) were higher than that of China (38, 27.01). The strongest keyword was "fibrin" (strength = 13.07), and the longest burst duration keyword was "thrombin" (began in 2002 and ended in 2014). The largest 10 co‐citation clusters are as follows: endothelial cell proliferation (#0), regenerative medicine‐associated treatment (#1), diabetic wound healing (#2), autologous derived (#3), platelet‐rich fibrin (#4), tissue engineering (#5), regenerative potential (#6), clinical randomised trial (#7), histologic observation (#8), and wound bacteria (#9). The United States has made the most outstanding contribution in this field. Chinese researchers need to enhance the quality of publications further. Wound Repair Regen. is the most noteworthy journal. The mechanism of growth factors of PRP, combination therapy, preparation of PRP, and related clinical trials may be topics that need attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of transforaminal steroid and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in patients with discogenic lumbar radiculopathy. Methods: 60 patients were randomized to be treated with single transforaminal injection of PRP (n = 29) or steroid (methylprednisolone acetate [n = 31]). Clinical assessment was done with Visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Oswestry low back pain disability index (MODI), and straight leg raise test (SLRT). Baseline assessment of outcomes was done followed by post-intervention evaluation at 1, 3, and 6 months. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. Results: There was a significant statistical improvement of VAS and MODI in both groups at follow-up (P < 0.05). In PRP group, minimal clinically important change (> 2 cm difference of mean for VAS and > 10-point change in MODI) for both outcome scores was achieved at all follow-up intervals (1, 3, 6 months), while as in steroid group, it was seen only at 1 and 3 months for both VAS and MODI. On intergroup comparison, better results were seen in steroid group at 1 month (P < 0.001 for both VAS and MODI), and in PRP group at 6 months (P < 0.001 for both VAS and MODI) with non-significant difference at 3 months (P = 0.605 for MODI and P = 0.612 for VAS). More than 90% tested SLRT negative in PRP group and 62% in steroid group at 6 months. No serious complications were seen. Conclusion: Transforaminal injections of PRP and steroid improve short-term (up to 3 months) clinical outcome scores in discogenic lumbar radiculopathy, but clinically meaningful improvements sustaining for 6 months were provided by PRP only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Over the past few years platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to have beneficial effects on various organs and sites in the human body. Its effect on restoration of tissue engineering has gained tremendous popularity. Its effect in the field of reproductive medicine only got implemented in last decade. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we observed 84 cases of ovarian rejuvenation at a fertility clinic from the year 2016 to 2019, out of which 45 were done for the indication of primary ovarian insufficiency for females that fall in the category 3 and 4 of Poseidon criterion. We did an autologous PRP ovarian treatment for each participant. The primary outcome was achieving a biological pregnancy after the procedure. Results: Out of 45 patients in the present study, 27 had achieved biological pregnancy, of which Eight were natural pregnancies, and the remaining 19 had received IVF or IUI as a fertility treatment. Out of these 27 biological pregnancies, 20 patients had a live birth, one had an ectopic pregnancy, and six had miscarriages. Conclusions: The process of autologous intraovarian treatment with PRP definitely helped patients with diminished ovarian reserve to conceive their own genetic offsprings, whose otherwise best option would have been to go through a donor egg program. Hence, PRP definitely deserves a place in the field of reproductive medicine to combat the condition of premature ovarian failure.

ABSTRACT: Platelet concentrate (PC) is an alternative therapy to treat mastitis in dairy cattle and is an alternative treatment for reproduction problems such as endometritis. Unfortunately, double-centrifugation processing methods described are time-consuming, require specialized laboratory equipment, and are usually done in a heterologous way, which risks herd health. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated single-step bovine PC processing methods readily applicable to a farm setting using an autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) production system. We investigated the hematologic findings, cytokines, and growth factors of the obtained PC samples. Autologous conditioned plasma was prepared using whole blood (WB) from 4 cows (group 1) using single-step centrifugation and 16 different processing methods. The 2 protocols that yielded the highest ratio of platelet to white blood cell (WBC) concentration were ACP-1 [720 × g (2,200 rpm), 5 min] and ACP-2 [929 × g (2,500 rpm), 3 min]. They were subsequently reproduced and compared using WB from 8 cows (group 2). Hematologic findings were quantified, IL-1β (cytokine) and growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bovine fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)] were measured, and enrichment factors were compared between samples and processing methods. Hematological characteristics and platelet enrichment varied markedly among tested protocols and all were statistically different from WB. Protocol ACP-2 resulted in significantly greater platelet enrichment (mean 169% of WB) than ACP-1 (125% of WB). We found no significant difference between the 2 ACP preparation protocols with regard to leukocyte reduction (7.53–9.75% WBC compared with WB) or growth factor enrichment (124–125% PDGF, 95–100% TGF-β, 102–104% b-FGF, and 56–74% IL-1β compared with WB). In conclusion, both ACP protocols yielded a platelet concentration shown to promote healing for clinical applications in cattle, and the ACP-2 protocol resulted in a greater degree of platelet enrichment. Therefore, this protocol could be used for ACP production for clinical applications in cattle.

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a capable approach for the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds. Nevertheless, a purely made scaffold such as polylactic acid (PLA) may suffer from shortcomings and be restricted due to its biological behavior. Gelatin, hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been revealed to be of potential to enhance the osteogenic effect. In this study, it was tried to improve the properties of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds by infilling them with gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite (PLA/G-nHA) and subsequent coating with PRP. For comparison, bare PLA and PLA/G-nHA scaffolds were also fabricated. The printing accuracy, the scaffold structural characterizations, mechanical properties, degradability behavior, cell adhesion, mineralization, systemic effect of the scaffolds on the liver enzymes, osteocalcin level in blood serum and in vivo bone regeneration capability in rat critical-sized calvaria defect were evaluated. Results High printing accuracy (printing error of

Background: Anosmia is a common problem with a significant impact on quality of life and increased mortality. People with anosmia may not be able to fully taste foods and may lose interest in eating. This can lead to weight loss or malnutrition. Anosmia can also lead to depression because it may impair one's ability to smell or taste pleasurable foods. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biologic product with anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This prospective study evaluated the role of PRP on olfactory neuroregeneration in patients with anosmia and compare the results of single and double injections. Methods: 54 patients were included in the study who had olfactory loss greater than 6 months in duration, no evidence of sinonasal inflammatory disease, and no improvement with olfactory training and topical steroids. 27 patients received a single intranasal injection of PRP into the mucosa of the olfactory cleft and 27 patients received a double injections with 3 weeks interval between them. The Q-Sticks Test was administered at the beginning of the study and at 1 and 3 months. Results: All patients reported a subjective improvement of their smell shortly after injection but then stabilized. At 3-month post-treatment, 16 patients improved significantly after single injection and 19 patients improved significantly after double injections. There were no adverse outcomes from intranasal PRP injections. Conclusion: PRP appears safe for use in the treatment of olfactory loss, and preliminary data suggest possible efficacy, especially for those with persistent loss. Further studies will help determine optimal frequency and duration of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Regenerative endodontics holds promising potential for the regeneration of living tissues in teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesion. Platelet‐rich plasma can be easily prepared and used as an ideal scaffold for pulp regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in ultraviolet light B (UVB)‐induced photoaging has been confirmed in many studies, the specific mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effect and mechanism of PRP on UVB‐induced human keratinocyte (HaCaT cells) apoptosis. Methods: HaCaT cells were collected to construct UVB‐induced photoaging models. Then, the cells were divided into Sham group, 5% PRP group, UVB group, and UVB + 5% PRP group. Next, MTT assay was used to detect the level of cell proliferation; flow cytometry to check the level of apoptosis; ELISA to determine the TNF‐α, IL‐18, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels in the supernatant; and Western blot to test Bax, Bcl‐2, cytochrome c (Cyt.c), GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 protein expression levels. Results: Briefly, 5% PRP intervention could relieve the inhibition of UVB on HaCaT cell proliferation, inhibit the promotion of UVB to cell apoptosis, up‐regulate UVB‐induced Bcl‐2 protein expression, and decrease Bax and Cyt.c protein level. In addition, 5% PRP significantly down‐regulated the inflammatory factor levels of TNF‐α, IL‐18, IL‐6, and IL‐1βin UVB‐induced cells and reduced the inflammatory response. Moreover, 5% PRP also greatly reduced the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 in UVB‐induced cells and alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Conclusion: PRP may protect HaCaT cells from UVB‐induced apoptosis by alleviating inflammatory response and ER stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Treatment of refractory thin endometrium during IVF is a relatively challenging problem, considering that optimal endometrium thickness is one of the critical factors for successful implantation and pregnancy. Autologous intrauterine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infusion is an adjuvant therapeutic alternative for enhancing the endometrial thickness (EMT) and echo pattern. It was shown that PRP could expand EMT and improve pregnancy outcomes with its high content of growth factors and cytokines, and its role in the regulation of the immunological interaction between the embryo and the endometrium. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of autologous PRP in improving the ongoing pregnancy rate in patients with refractory thin endometrium undergoing IVF. Material and methods: A prospective study in Ain Shams University Hospital including 66 infertile women with a refractory thin endometrium below 7 mm by ultrasound on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection in fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycle, who did not respond to standard medical therapies after more than 2 cycles of previous medical therapy, and who were candidates for IVF cycle were given intrauterine PRP. Results: A significant increase in EMT was noted and enhancement of endometrial pattern after intrauterine PRP infusion in the days of ovum pick-up and ET. There was also a significant increase in ongoing pregnancy, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and implantation rates, while the miscarriage rate decreased after PRP infusion. Conclusions: Intrauterine PRP infusion improved ongoing pregnancy, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and implantation rates, in addition to EMT and pattern on the days of ovum pick-up and ET, while the miscarriage rate significantly decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background PRP injection was proved to promote the health condition of individuals with mild to moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). However, carpal tunnel release (CTR) was still a necessary treatment for individuals with moderate and severe CTS. Methods To explore whether adjuvant PRP treatment would improve the prognosis while using CTR, we included 82 patients in this study. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire-symptom severity scale (BCTQ-SSS), Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire-functional status scale (BCTQ-FSS), and grip strength were used to examine the patient's symptoms and function. Results CTR combined with PRP treatment improved the VAS (1.9 ± 0.5 versus 1.4 ± 0.4, P

Background: Tendinopathy is a common chronic disorder in athletes and sedentary individuals affecting almost all tendons especially wrist extensors, supraspinatus tendon and Achilles tendon. Objectives: Assessment the usefulness and efficacy of injecting platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an alternative way of management of chronic tendinopathies not responding to medical or conservative management. Patients and methods: The study included 60 patients with chronic tendinopathy. 20 patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, 20 patients with Achilles tendinopathy and 20 patients with lateral epicondylitis, selected from Orthopedic Department, Qena university hospital, South Valley University, Qena Egypt. Clinical and radiological assessments were done to the included patients. Follow up was done 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after injection. Results: The mean pain score was 2.1 ±.9 in patients with Achilles tendinopathy 3 months after injection (68% decrease) while mean joint score was 75.4 ±16.2 (21.5% increase). Patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy had mean pain score 4± 1.8 (31% decrease) while mean joint score was 75.7 ± 15.1 (15% increase). Patients with lateral epicondylitis had mean pain score 3.3 ±1.5 (90.9% increase) while mean joint score was 80.3 ± 13.4 (19% increase) There was statistically significant improvement in patients with Achilles and rotator cuff tendinopathies (P value < 0.05) while patients complaining of lateral epicondylitis have shown non-significant improvement regarding joint score ( P value > 0.05). Conclusion: PRP injection is a promising method of treatment in cases of Supraspinatus and Achilles tendinopathies and to a lesser extent in cases of lateral epicondylitis.

Key Clinical Message Regenerative endodontics holds promising potential for the regeneration of living tissues in teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesion. Platelet‐rich plasma can be easily prepared and used as an ideal scaffold for pulp regeneration.

Platelet concentrate (PC) is an alternative therapy to treat mastitis in dairy cattle and is an alternative treatment for reproduction problems such as endometritis. Unfortunately, double-centrifugation processing methods described are time-consuming, require specialized laboratory equipment, and are usually done in a heterologous way, which risks herd health. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated single-step bovine PC processing methods readily applicable to a farm setting using an autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) production system. We investigated the hematologic findings, cytokines, and growth factors of the obtained PC samples. Autologous conditioned plasma was prepared using whole blood (WB) from 4 cows (group 1) using single-step centrifugation and 16 different processing methods. The 2 protocols that yielded the highest ratio of platelet to white blood cell (WBC) concentration were ACP-1 [720 × g (2,200 rpm), 5 min] and ACP-2 [929 × g (2,500 rpm), 3 min]. They were subsequently reproduced and compared using WB from 8 cows (group 2). Hematologic findings were quantified, IL-1β (cytokine) and growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bovine fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)] were measured, and enrichment factors were compared between samples and processing methods. Hematological characteristics and platelet enrichment varied markedly among tested protocols and all were statistically different from WB. Protocol ACP-2 resulted in significantly greater platelet enrichment (mean 169% of WB) than ACP-1 (125% of WB). We found no significant difference between the 2 ACP preparation protocols with regard to leukocyte reduction (7.53–9.75% WBC compared with WB) or growth factor enrichment (124–125% PDGF, 95–100% TGF-β, 102–104% b-FGF, and 56–74% IL-1β compared with WB). In conclusion, both ACP protocols yielded a platelet concentration shown to promote healing for clinical applications in cattle, and the ACP-2 protocol resulted in a greater degree of platelet enrichment. Therefore, this protocol could be used for ACP production for clinical applications in cattle. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present case report a 7-year-old male Whippet competing in lure-coursing presented with third-degree recurrent lameness of the right forelimb, pain on palpation of the caudal aspect of the carpus and swelling of the forearm proximally to the accessory carpal bone. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic evaluation diagnosed a flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) chronic tendinopathy unresponsive to previously attempted conservative treatments such as oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration along with padded palmar splint application and rest. The dog was subjected to one injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained using a double centrifugation tube method, followed by two platelet lysate (PL) injections. Treatment was administered at three-week intervals. The healing process was assessed through clinical and ultrasonographic imaging (US) on the day of the first injection (T0), and at week three (T1), six (T2), twelve (T3), fifty-two (T4), and one-hundred-and-four (T5). Fiber alignment score (FAS) and echogenicity score (ES) were developed by modifying a previously published US assessment scale. At T1, ES, and FAS improvement was detected, and at T2, further improvements in ES and FAS were observed. Ultrasonographic results were clinically consistent with the improvement in lameness: lameness grade 3/4 was detected at T0 and grade 2/4 at T1. A lameness grade of 1/4 was detected at T2, and grade 0/4 was observed at T3, T4, and T5. Moreover, at T5, the dog returned to competition, and no history of re-injury was reported. Our results suggest that the treatment of FCU tendinopathy in lure-coursing dogs with a combination of consecutive injections of autologous PRP and PL could be feasible. Additionally, no adverse reactions were observed.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a capable approach for the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds. Nevertheless, a purely made scaffold such as polylactic acid (PLA) may suffer from shortcomings and be restricted due to its biological behavior. Gelatin, hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been revealed to be of potential to enhance the osteogenic effect. In this study, it was tried to improve the properties of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds by infilling them with gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite (PLA/G-nHA) and subsequent coating with PRP. For comparison, bare PLA and PLA/G-nHA scaffolds were also fabricated. The printing accuracy, the scaffold structural characterizations, mechanical properties, degradability behavior, cell adhesion, mineralization, systemic effect of the scaffolds on the liver enzymes, osteocalcin level in blood serum and in vivo bone regeneration capability in rat critical-sized calvaria defect were evaluated. Results: High printing accuracy (printing error of < 11%) was obtained for all measured parameters including strut thickness, pore width, scaffold density and porosity%. The highest mean ultimate compression strength (UCS) was associated with PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds, which was 10.95 MPa. A slow degradation rate was observed for all scaffolds. The PLA/G-nHA/PRP had slightly higher degradation rate, possibly due to PRP release, with burst release occurred at week 4. The MTT results showed that PLA/G-nHA/PRP provided the highest cell proliferation at all time points, and the serum biochemistry (ALT and AST level) results indicated no abnormal/toxic influence caused by scaffold biomaterials. Superior cell adhesion and mineralization were obtained for PLA/G-nHA/PRP. Furthermore, all the developed scaffolds showed bone repair capability. The PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds could better support bone regeneration than bare PLA and PLA/G-nHA scaffolds. Conclusion: The PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds can be considered as potential for hard tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serial intra-articular (IA) Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injections improve pain and function in patients of Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) Grade IV primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA), not willing for arthroplasty or having relative contraindications to surgery. Methods: 90 patients (84 available at final follow-up) of Grade IV KOA were given 3 PRP or Normal Saline injections at 1-month interval. Pain and functional assessment was done with Visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) respectively, at baseline and then at three and six months of follow-up. Both groups were homogenous with similar baseline characteristics. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in the outcome scores but only PRP showed minimal clinically important difference (25% in WOMAC and > 2 cm difference of mean in VAS at follow-up). For inter-group comparison, PRP showed better results as there was statistically significant difference in WOMAC at 3 months (Difference = − 9.220, 95% CI = − 13.1945 to − 5.2455, P < 0.0001) and at 6 months (Difference = − 10.360, 95% CI = − 14.5358 to − 6.1842, P < 0.0001). Similar results were seen for VAS also (Difference = − 0.580, 95% CI = − 1.1412 to − 0.0188, P = 0.04 at 3 months, Difference = − 0.870, 95% CI − 1.3993 to − 0.3407, P = 0.001 at 6 months). Outcome scores significantly correlated with age and sex but not with body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: Serial Intra-articular Injections of autologous PRP mildly improve short-term subjective pain and knee function scores in patients of Grade IV KOA without any major complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Plantar fasciitis, a common cause of heel pain, is often treated conservatively. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have emerged as a promising treatment option. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of autologous PRP injections for plantar fasciitis. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of autologous PRP injections delivered at the plantar fascia origin in reducing pain (measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain intensity score) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients with plantar fasciitis, a VAS pain score ≥ 7, and failure of conservative treatment were included. A single injection of autologous PRP was administered to the plantar fascia. Pain reduction was assessed using the VAS score at a 12-week follow-up. Result The study included 163 patients. Success was achieved in 80.3% of cases, showing that autologous PRP injection resulted in significant pain improvement in patients with plantar fasciitis (p≤0.05). An increased likelihood of successful treatment was observed in individuals with symptoms lasting less than 12 months. No other variables (gender, age group, residence, literacy) significantly impacted treatment efficacy. Conclusion Autologous PRP injections may be a promising treatment option for plantar fasciitis, particularly when administered early. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore optimal patient selection criteria., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Hayatabad Medical Complex Research Hospital and Ethical Committee issued approval 1412. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Ahmad et al.)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product containing concentrated platelets, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines that promote healing and regeneration. Platelets release active components through a degranulation process, which is inhibited by certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Current deferral guidelines are not established, but NSAIDs are expected to have a time-dose relationship with platelet inhibition. This article aims to review the literature regarding NSAIDs that inhibit a key enzyme in clotting, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and their effects on bulk platelet aggregation to establish guidelines for deferral times before PRP injections. After searching the literature, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Our analysis of the data revealed several significant findings. Naproxen demonstrated inhibition of platelet aggregation lasting at least 24 hours, with possible inhibition even at 48 hours. Studies using indomethacin found recovery by 24 hours, although no other time points were measured. Ibuprofen and diclofenac inhibit platelet aggregation for 6-12 hours, depending on dose. Acetaminophen, a mild inhibitor of COX-1, does not require deferral. These results reinforce the need to defer NSAIDs with COX-1 activity before PRP injections. This review will allow for the creation of deferral guidelines that differentiate NSAIDs based on their length of platelet inhibition., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Leach et al.)