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[ES] El presente proyecto de fin de grado tiene su origen en el periodo laboral desempeñado en una empresa del sector metalúrgico por parte del alumno, dedicada a la fabricación de ventanas de PVC a medida y techos móviles. Tras un tiempo de aprendizaje y adaptación en la empresa matriz del grupo, y más concretamente en el departamento de calidad, producto e innovación, surge la idea de realizar un sistema de flujo de información que parte de las incidencias externas recibidas de los clientes, y así proponer e implantar propuestas explícitas de mejora y/o de control en los procesos internos, por parte de los responsables de cada departamento, desde la oficina técnica, hasta la producción, incluyendo a toda la empresa en un objetivo común de reducir el número de reclamaciones de los clientes., [EN] This final degree project has its origin in the work period carried out in a company of the metallurgical sector by the student, dedicated to the manufacture of customized PVC windows and roof-panel systems. After a period of learning and adaptation in the parent company of the group, and more specifically in the quality, product, and innovation department, emerges the idea of creating an information flow system that starts from the external claim inquiries received from customers, and thus propose and implement explicit proposals for improvement and/or control in internal processes, by the heads of each department, from the technical office to production, including the entire company in a common goal: reducing the number of customer claim inquiries., [CA] El present projecte de fi de grau té el seu origen en el període laboral exercit en una empresa del sector metal·lúrgic per part de l'alumne, dedicada a la fabricació de finestres de PVC a mesura i sostres mòbils. Després d'un temps d'aprenentatge i adaptació en l'empresa matriu del grup, i més concretament en el departament de qualitat, producte i innovació, sorgeix la idea de realitzar un sistema de flux d'informació que parteix de les incidències externes rebudes dels clients, i així proposar i implantar propostes explícites de millora i/o de control en els processos interns, per part dels responsables de cada departament, des de l'oficina tècnica, fins a la producció, incloent a tota l'empresa en un objectiu comú de reduir el nombre de reclamacions dels clients.

Smoking and substance use during pregnancy are major preventable causes of mortality and morbidity, having a bidirectional and deleterious relationship with the mental health of the mother and child. As part of the WOMAP (Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy) initiative, our study aimed to describe the prevalence of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems, diagnoses and severity of those considered at risk and rates of treatment.A screening of 2,014 pregnant women was done using the AC-OK scale and they were asked about their smoking habits and services use for mental health/substance abuse. Of these, 170 women were considered at risk of co-occurring mental illness and substance use problems (≥ 2 positive responses to the AC-OK-Mental Health subscale, ≥ 1 positive response to the AC-OK-Substance Abuse subscale and/or smoking more than once a month and no use of specialized services) and were assessed with a more extensive battery of measures (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], General Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5], Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST] and Fagerström).In the last year, 614 women (30.5%) smoked tobacco (42.5% daily) and 9.8% were positive for both substance use and mental illness per the AC-OK. Only 11.1% of them received specific treatment in the previous three months while another 13.6% were scheduled to attend services in the following month. From the subsample assessed in depth, 62(36.5%) endorsed at least moderate depression, 35(20.6%) endorsed at least moderate anxiety, 32(18.8%) endorsed PTSD on the PCL, and 37 out of 88 alcohol users scored above the threshold in AUDIT (≥ 3).In conclusion, high prevalence and low treatment rates suggest that effective detection mechanisms should be integrated into usual care, allowing for early interventions. ------------------------------------------------------------------ El tabaquismo y el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo son importantes causas prevenibles de morbimortalidad, teniendo una relación bidireccional y deletérea con la salud mental de la madre y el niño. Como parte de la iniciativa WOMAP (Woman Mental Health and Addictions on Pregnancy), se estudiaron 2014 embarazadas buscando describir la prevalencia de trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias concurrentes, las tasas de tratamiento y los diagnósticos y la gravedad. Las participantes fueron evaluadas con la escala AC-OK y se les preguntó sobre sus hábitos tabáquicos y uso de servicios de salud mental/sustancias. De las participantes, 170 mujeres resultaron positivas para un trastorno mental y por uso de sustancias concurrentes (≥ 2 positivos a la subescala AC-OK-Salud Mental, ≥ 1 positivos a la subescala AC-OK-Sustancias y/o fumar más de una vez al mes y no estar en tratamiento) y fueron evaluadas en profundidad mediante una batería de escalas (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], General Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist [PCL-5], Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST] y Fagerström). En el último año, 614 mujeres (30,5 %) fumaron tabaco (42,5 % diariamente) y el 9,8 % fueron positivas para problemas por uso de sustancias y salud mental según la AC-OK. Solo el 11,1 % había recibido tratamiento en los tres meses previos y solo un 13,6 % tenía una cita en el siguiente mes. De las 170 pacientes evaluadas secundariamente, 62(36,5 %) presentaron al menos depresión moderada, 35(20,6 %) al menos ansiedad moderada, 32(18,8 %) fueron positivas a la PCL-5, y 37 de las 88 que reconocieron uso de alcohol puntuaron por encima del umbral en AUDIT (≥ 3). En conclusión, la combinación de una prevalencia significativa junto con bajas tasas de tratamiento, remarcan la necesidad de mecanismos de detección efectivos en la atención habitual, permitiendo una intervención temprana. 2020-21

In order to evaluate the effect of ewes density under a rational rotational grazing system on a cultivated pasture in an organic farm, 418 ewes were used in a very high livestock load. The experience consists of four different plots of 0.5 ha each one. Besides, there was a control area where the flock didn’t get in. Despite the different plots were cultivated using the same techniques and the same amount of seed, the plant composition was not the same. Although the ewes grazed, Bromus diandrus still growing because the animals were able to choose among the plant resources. The plant re-growth had higher protein levels than the initial situation (2,35±0,43) and lower fibre amounts (-3,70±0,73). The result was a better quality food in the re-growth than before the graze.

The use of conventional and intensive exploitation practices, as opposed to the organic ones, has caused a loss of the ecological value in many natural ecosystems. A clear example is the dehesa ecosystem in Spain, a semi-natural system that has a great diversity of flora and fauna and in which the intensive and industrial productive systems are replacing the traditional practices, which have maintained biodiversity in these ecosystems through centuries. This research aims to endorse the organic practices as a way not only to maintain but also to enrich the biodiversity of these silvopastoral traditional systems whilst improving the economical resources of the farm. An organic farm located in the central-western Spain was selected to analyze its animal and plants diversity and therefore its natural capital, using direct and indirect observations.