701 results on '"Prasanna, S."'
Search Results
2. The Second DISPLACE Challenge : DIarization of SPeaker and LAnguage in Conversational Environments
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Kalluri, Shareef Babu, Singh, Prachi, Chowdhuri, Pratik Roy, Kulkarni, Apoorva, Baghel, Shikha, Hegde, Pradyoth, Sontakke, Swapnil, T, Deepak K, Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva, Vijayasenan, Deepu, and Ganapathy, Sriram
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
The DIarization of SPeaker and LAnguage in Conversational Environments (DISPLACE) 2024 challenge is the second in the series of DISPLACE challenges, which involves tasks of speaker diarization (SD) and language diarization (LD) on a challenging multilingual conversational speech dataset. In the DISPLACE 2024 challenge, we also introduced the task of automatic speech recognition (ASR) on this dataset. The dataset containing 158 hours of speech, consisting of both supervised and unsupervised mono-channel far-field recordings, was released for LD and SD tracks. Further, 12 hours of close-field mono-channel recordings were provided for the ASR track conducted on 5 Indian languages. The details of the dataset, baseline systems and the leader board results are highlighted in this paper. We have also compared our baseline models and the team's performances on evaluation data of DISPLACE-2023 to emphasize the advancements made in this second version of the challenge., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Interspeech 2024
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- 2024
3. Spoken Language Change Detection Inspired by Speaker Change Detection
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Mishra, Jagabandhu and Prasanna, S. R. M.
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- 2024
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4. Implicit Self-supervised Language Representation for Spoken Language Diarization
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Mishra, Jagabandhu and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
In a code-switched (CS) scenario, the use of spoken language diarization (LD) as a pre-possessing system is essential. Further, the use of implicit frameworks is preferable over the explicit framework, as it can be easily adapted to deal with low/zero resource languages. Inspired by speaker diarization (SD) literature, three frameworks based on (1) fixed segmentation, (2) change point-based segmentation and (3) E2E are proposed to perform LD. The initial exploration with synthetic TTSF-LD dataset shows, using x-vector as implicit language representation with appropriate analysis window length ($N$) can able to achieve at per performance with explicit LD. The best implicit LD performance of $6.38$ in terms of Jaccard error rate (JER) is achieved by using the E2E framework. However, considering the E2E framework the performance of implicit LD degrades to $60.4$ while using with practical Microsoft CS (MSCS) dataset. The difference in performance is mostly due to the distributional difference between the monolingual segment duration of secondary language in the MSCS and TTSF-LD datasets. Moreover, to avoid segment smoothing, the smaller duration of the monolingual segment suggests the use of a small value of $N$. At the same time with small $N$, the x-vector representation is unable to capture the required language discrimination due to the acoustic similarity, as the same speaker is speaking both languages. Therefore, to resolve the issue a self-supervised implicit language representation is proposed in this study. In comparison with the x-vector representation, the proposed representation provides a relative improvement of $63.9\%$ and achieved a JER of $21.8$ using the E2E framework., Comment: Planning to Submit in IEEE-JSTSP
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- 2023
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5. Implicit spoken language diarization
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Mishra, Jagabandhu, Chowdhury, Amartya, and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Spoken language diarization (LD) and related tasks are mostly explored using the phonotactic approach. Phonotactic approaches mostly use explicit way of language modeling, hence requiring intermediate phoneme modeling and transcribed data. Alternatively, the ability of deep learning approaches to model temporal dynamics may help for the implicit modeling of language information through deep embedding vectors. Hence this work initially explores the available speaker diarization frameworks that capture speaker information implicitly to perform LD tasks. The performance of the LD system on synthetic code-switch data using the end-to-end x-vector approach is 6.78% and 7.06%, and for practical data is 22.50% and 60.38%, in terms of diarization error rate and Jaccard error rate (JER), respectively. The performance degradation is due to the data imbalance and resolved to some extent by using pre-trained wave2vec embeddings that provide a relative improvement of 30.74% in terms of JER.
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- 2023
6. The role of food industries in sustainability transition: a review
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Prasanna, S., Verma, Praveen, and Bodh, Suman
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- 2024
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7. I-MSV 2022: Indic-Multilingual and Multi-sensor Speaker Verification Challenge
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Mishra, Jagabandhu, Bhattacharjee, Mrinmoy, and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Speaker Verification (SV) is a task to verify the claimed identity of the claimant using his/her voice sample. Though there exists an ample amount of research in SV technologies, the development concerning a multilingual conversation is limited. In a country like India, almost all the speakers are polyglot in nature. Consequently, the development of a Multilingual SV (MSV) system on the data collected in the Indian scenario is more challenging. With this motivation, the Indic- Multilingual Speaker Verification (I-MSV) Challenge 2022 has been designed for understanding and comparing the state-of-the-art SV techniques. For the challenge, approximately $100$ hours of data spoken by $100$ speakers has been collected using $5$ different sensors in $13$ Indian languages. The data is divided into development, training, and testing sets and has been made publicly available for further research. The goal of this challenge is to make the SV system robust to language and sensor variations between enrollment and testing. In the challenge, participants were asked to develop the SV system in two scenarios, viz. constrained and unconstrained. The best system in the constrained and unconstrained scenario achieved a performance of $2.12\%$ and $0.26\%$ in terms of Equal Error Rate (EER), respectively.
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- 2023
8. Spoken language change detection inspired by speaker change detection
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Mishra, Jagabandhu and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Spoken language change detection (LCD) refers to identifying the language transitions in a code-switched utterance. Similarly, identifying the speaker transitions in a multispeaker utterance is known as speaker change detection (SCD). Since tasks-wise both are similar, the architecture/framework developed for the SCD task may be suitable for the LCD task. Hence, the aim of the present work is to develop LCD systems inspired by SCD. Initially, both LCD and SCD are performed by humans. The study suggests humans require (a) a larger duration around the change point and (b) language-specific prior exposure, for performing LCD as compared to SCD. The larger duration requirement is incorporated by increasing the analysis window length of the unsupervised distance-based approach. This leads to a relative performance improvement of 29.1% and 2.4%, and a priori language knowledge provides a relative improvement of 31.63% and 14.27% on the synthetic and practical codeswitched datasets, respectively. The performance difference between the practical and synthetic datasets is mostly due to differences in the distribution of the monolingual segment duration.
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- 2023
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9. Language vs Speaker Change: A Comparative Study
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Mishra, Jagabandhu and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
Spoken language change detection (LCD) refers to detecting language switching points in a multilingual speech signal. Speaker change detection (SCD) refers to locating the speaker change points in a multispeaker speech signal. The objective of this work is to understand the challenges in LCD task by comparing it with SCD task. Human subjective study for change detection is performed for LCD and SCD. This study demonstrates that LCD requires larger duration spectro-temporal information around the change point compared to SCD. Based on this, the work explores automatic distance based and model based LCD approaches. The model based ones include Gaussian mixture model and universal background model (GMM-UBM), attention, and Generative adversarial network (GAN) based approaches. Both the human and automatic LCD tasks infer that the performance of the LCD task improves by incorporating more and more spectro-temporal duration., Comment: The work is substantially modified. The new version of the same will be submitted soon
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- 2022
10. Significance of Data Augmentation for Improving Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Recognition
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Sudro, Protima Nomo, Das, Rohan Kumar, Sinha, Rohit, and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
The automatic recognition of pathological speech, particularly from children with any articulatory impairment, is a challenging task due to various reasons. The lack of available domain specific data is one such obstacle that hinders its usage for different speech-based applications targeting pathological speakers. In line with the challenge, in this work, we investigate a few data augmentation techniques to simulate training data for improving the children speech recognition considering the case of cleft lip and palate (CLP) speech. The augmentation techniques explored in this study, include vocal tract length perturbation (VTLP), reverberation, speaking rate, pitch modification, and speech feature modification using cycle consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN). Our study finds that the data augmentation methods significantly improve the CLP speech recognition performance, which is more evident when we used feature modification using CycleGAN, VTLP and reverberation based methods. More specifically, the results from this study show that our systems produce an improved phone error rate compared to the systems without data augmentation.
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- 2021
11. Processing Phoneme Specific Segments for Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Enhancement
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Sudro, Protima Nomo, Sinha, Rohit, and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods - Abstract
The cleft lip and palate (CLP) speech intelligibility is distorted due to the deformation in their articulatory system. For addressing the same, a few previous works perform phoneme specific modification in CLP speech. In CLP speech, both the articulation error and the nasalization distorts the intelligibility of a word. Consequently, modification of a specific phoneme may not always yield in enhanced entire word-level intelligibility. For such cases, it is important to identify and isolate the phoneme specific error based on the knowledge of acoustic events. Accordingly, the phoneme specific error modification algorithms can be exploited for transforming the specified errors and enhance the word-level intelligibility. Motivated by that, in this work, we combine some of salient phoneme specific enhancement approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness in improving the word-level intelligibility of CLP speech. The enhanced speech samples are evaluated using subjective and objective evaluation metrics.
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- 2021
12. Multilingual Audio-Visual Smartphone Dataset And Evaluation
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Mandalapu, Hareesh, N, Aravinda Reddy P, Ramachandra, Raghavendra, Rao, K Sreenivasa, Mitra, Pabitra, Prasanna, S R Mahadeva, and Busch, Christoph
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Smartphones have been employed with biometric-based verification systems to provide security in highly sensitive applications. Audio-visual biometrics are getting popular due to their usability, and also it will be challenging to spoof because of their multimodal nature. In this work, we present an audio-visual smartphone dataset captured in five different recent smartphones. This new dataset contains 103 subjects captured in three different sessions considering the different real-world scenarios. Three different languages are acquired in this dataset to include the problem of language dependency of the speaker recognition systems. These unique characteristics of this dataset will pave the way to implement novel state-of-the-art unimodal or audio-visual speaker recognition systems. We also report the performance of the bench-marked biometric verification systems on our dataset. The robustness of biometric algorithms is evaluated towards multiple dependencies like signal noise, device, language and presentation attacks like replay and synthesized signals with extensive experiments. The obtained results raised many concerns about the generalization properties of state-of-the-art biometrics methods in smartphones.
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- 2021
13. Sonority Measurement Using System, Source, and Suprasegmental Information
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Sharma, Bidisha and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Sonorant sounds are characterized by regions with prominent formant structure, high energy and high degree of periodicity. In this work, the vocal-tract system, excitation source and suprasegmental features derived from the speech signal are analyzed to measure the sonority information present in each of them. Vocal-tract system information is extracted from the Hilbert envelope of numerator of group delay function. It is derived from zero time windowed speech signal that provides better resolution of the formants. A five-dimensional feature set is computed from the estimated formants to measure the prominence of the spectral peaks. A feature representing strength of excitation is derived from the Hilbert envelope of linear prediction residual, which represents the source information. Correlation of speech over ten consecutive pitch periods is used as the suprasegmental feature representing periodicity information. The combination of evidences from the three different aspects of speech provides better discrimination among different sonorant classes, compared to the baseline MFCC features. The usefulness of the proposed sonority feature is demonstrated in the tasks of phoneme recognition and sonorant classification.
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- 2021
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14. Solvent selection for anthrocyanin dye extraction from Kigelia Africana and Hibiscus sabdariffa for dye sensitized solar cells
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Kumar, T. Satish, Shalini, S., Roy, T. Anurag, Prasanna, S., Balasundaraprabhu, R., and Sundaram, Senthilarasu
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- 2024
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15. Controlled viscous fingering in volatile fluid towards spontaneous evolution of ordered 3D patterns
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Rakshe, Makrand A. and Gandhi, Prasanna S.
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- 2023
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16. Machine learning based combination of multi-omics data for subgroup identification in non-small cell lung cancer
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Khadirnaikar, Seema, Shukla, Sudhanshu, and Prasanna, S. R. M.
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- 2023
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17. Genome sequencing of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates infecting chilli and its interaction with host ferredoxin protein of different host for causing mosaic symptoms
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Vinaykumar, H. D., Hiremath, Shridhar, Nandan, M., Muttappagol, Mantesh, Reddy, Madhavi, Venkataravanappa, V., Shankarappa, K. S., Basha, C. R. Jahir, Prasanna, S. Koti, Kumar, T. L. Mohan, Reddy, M. Krishna, and Reddy, C. N. Lakshminarayana
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- 2023
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18. Enhancing the Intelligibility of Cleft Lip and Palate Speech using Cycle-consistent Adversarial Networks
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Sudro, Protima Nomo, Das, Rohan Kumar, Sinha, Rohit, and Prasanna, S R Mahadeva
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) refer to a congenital craniofacial condition that causes various speech-related disorders. As a result of structural and functional deformities, the affected subjects' speech intelligibility is significantly degraded, limiting the accessibility and usability of speech-controlled devices. Towards addressing this problem, it is desirable to improve the CLP speech intelligibility. Moreover, it would be useful during speech therapy. In this study, the cycle-consistent adversarial network (CycleGAN) method is exploited for improving CLP speech intelligibility. The model is trained on native Kannada-speaking childrens' speech data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is also measured using automatic speech recognition performance. Further, subjective evaluation is performed, and those results also confirm the intelligibility improvement in the enhanced speech over the original., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, IEEE spoken language and technology workshop
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- 2021
19. Audio-Visual Biometric Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey
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Mandalapu, Hareesh, Reddy, P N Aravinda, Ramachandra, Raghavendra, Rao, K Sreenivasa, Mitra, Pabitra, Prasanna, S R Mahadeva, and Busch, Christoph
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Biometric recognition is a trending technology that uses unique characteristics data to identify or verify/authenticate security applications. Amidst the classically used biometrics, voice and face attributes are the most propitious for prevalent applications in day-to-day life because they are easy to obtain through restrained and user-friendly procedures. The pervasiveness of low-cost audio and face capture sensors in smartphones, laptops, and tablets has made the advantage of voice and face biometrics more exceptional when compared to other biometrics. For many years, acoustic information alone has been a great success in automatic speaker verification applications. Meantime, the last decade or two has also witnessed a remarkable ascent in face recognition technologies. Nonetheless, in adverse unconstrained environments, neither of these techniques achieves optimal performance. Since audio-visual information carries correlated and complementary information, integrating them into one recognition system can increase the system's performance. The vulnerability of biometrics towards presentation attacks and audio-visual data usage for the detection of such attacks is also a hot topic of research. This paper made a comprehensive survey on existing state-of-the-art audio-visual recognition techniques, publicly available databases for benchmarking, and Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) algorithms. Further, a detailed discussion on challenges and open problems is presented in this field of biometrics.
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- 2021
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20. Exploration of Visual Features and their weighted-additive fusion for Video Captioning
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S V, Praveen, Bharadwaj, Akhilesh, Raj, Harsh, Dadhania, Janhavi, A, Ganesh Samarth C., Pareek, Nikhil, and Prasanna, S R M
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Video captioning is a popular task that challenges models to describe events in videos using natural language. In this work, we investigate the ability of various visual feature representations derived from state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks to capture high-level semantic context. We introduce the Weighted Additive Fusion Transformer with Memory Augmented Encoders (WAFTM), a captioning model that incorporates memory in a transformer encoder and uses a novel method, to fuse features, that ensures due importance is given to more significant representations. We illustrate a gain in performance realized by applying Word-Piece Tokenization and a popular REINFORCE algorithm. Finally, we benchmark our model on two datasets and obtain a CIDEr of 92.4 on MSVD and a METEOR of 0.091 on the ActivityNet Captions Dataset., Comment: 6 pages
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- 2021
21. Picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (ps-TALIF) in krypton: the role of photoionization on the density depletion of the fluorescing state Kr 5p'[3/2]$_2$
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Gazeli, K., Aubert, X, Prasanna, S, Duluard, C., Lombardi, G., and Hassouni, K.
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Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The present study focuses on the application of a picosecond (ps) TALIF technique in krypton (Kr) at variable pressure (0.1-10 mbar). The laser intensity (I, units W.cm$^{-2}$) is tuned between 1 and 480 MW.cm$^{-2}$, and the depletion of the density of the Kr 5p'[3/2]$_2$ fluorescing state through photoionization (PIN) and amplified stimulated emission (ASE) is investigated. This is done by combining TALIF experiments with a simple 0D numerical model. We demonstrate that for a gas pressure of 3 mbar and 15 < $\le$ 480 MW.cm$^{-2}$, a saturated fluorescence signal is obtained, which is largely attributed to PIN, ASE being negligible. Also, a broadening of the two-photon absorption line (i.e. 4p$^6$ $^1$S0$\to$5p'[3/2]$_2$) is recorded due to the production of charged species through PIN, inducing a Stark effect. For I$\le$15 MW.cm$^{-2}$, though, PIN is significantly limited, the absorption line is noticeably narrowed, and the quadratic dependence of the TALIF signal intensity versus the laser energy is obtained. Thus, in this case, the investigated Kr TALIF scheme, using the 5p'[3/2]$_2\to$5s[3/2]$_1$ fluorescence channel, can be used for calibration purposes in ps-TALIF experiments. These results are of interest for fundamental research since most ps-TALIF studies performed in Kr do not investigate in detail the role of PIN and ASE on the depletion of the Kr 5p'[3/2]$_2$ state density. Moreover, this work contributes to the development of ps-TALIF for determining absolute densities and quenching coefficients of H and N atoms in plasmas. This is useful in numerous plasma-based applications (e.g. thin film synthesis, biomedical treatments, plasma-assisted combustion, ...), for which the knowledge of the density/kinetics of reactive atoms is essential.
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- 2020
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22. Controlled viscous fingering in volatile fluid towards spontaneous evolution of ordered 3D patterns
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Makrand A. Rakshe and Prasanna S. Gandhi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Mimicking nature using artificial technologies has always been a quest/fascination of scientists and researchers of all eras. This paper characterizes viscous fingering instability-based, lithography-less, spontaneous, and scalable process towards fabrication of 3D patterns like nature-inspired honeycomb structures with ultra-high aspect ratio walls. Rich experimental characterization data on volatile polymer solution evolution in a uniport lifted Hele-Shaw cell (ULHSC) is represented on a non-dimensional phase plot. The plot with five orders of magnitude variation of non-dimensional numbers on each axis demarcates the regions of several newly observed phenomena: ‘No retention’, ‘Bridge breaking’, and ‘Wall formation’ with ‘stable’ and ‘unstable’ interface evolution. A new non-dimensional ratio of the velocity of evaporating static interface versus lifting velocity is proposed for the same. This phase plot along with physical insights into the phenomena observed, pave pathways for extending the method to multiport LHSC (MLHSC) to demonstrate multiwell honeycomb structures. The work thus establishes a solid foundation with valuable insights for scalable manufacturing of devices useful for application in biomedical and other domains.
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- 2023
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23. Experimental investigation of polyurethane seal failure used in hydraulic system
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Mahankar, Prasanna S., Dhoble, Ashwinkumar S., and Prabhu, Raghavendra
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- 2023
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24. The Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Trifolium alexandrinum Varietal Performance in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Comparative Yield and Economic Analysis
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Phool Singh Hindoriya, Rakesh Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Meena, Hardev Ram, Ashwani Kumar, Suryakanta Kashyap, Bisworanjita Biswal, Kanika Bhakuni, Prasanna S. Pyati, Kamal Garg, Simran Jasht, Ghous Ali, Birbal, and Subhradip Bhattacharjee
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berseem ,green fodder yield ,leaf area index ,integrated nutrient management ,municipal solid waste compost ,Agriculture - Abstract
The importance of selecting an appropriate berseem variety and implementing effective nutrient management practices is crucial for maximizing both the production and economic potential of forage crops. This was clearly demonstrated in a field experiment conducted during the rabi seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The experimental setup was a factorial randomized block design incorporating five berseem varieties (Mescavi, HB-1, HB-2, BL-10, and BL-42) and five integrated nutrient management practices: 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) or NM-1, 75% RDF + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or NM-2, 75% RDF + municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) or NM-3, 75% RDF + farmyard manure (FYM) + PGPR or NM-4, and 50% RDF + MSWC + PGPR or NM-5. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the physio-morphological responses, biomass yield, and economic efficiencies of different berseem varieties under various nutrient management practices. The experimental results highlighted the superior performance of the BL-42 variety in terms of growth and yield attributes compared to the other tested berseem varieties. Specifically, BL-42 showed an enhancement in total green fodder yield by 17.10%, 26.60%, 37.75%, and 28.04% over the varieties BL-10, HB-2, HB-1, and Mescavi, respectively. Moreover, the application of the 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR treatment (NM-4) significantly boosted the total green fodder yield by 13.08%, 14.29%, 34.48%, and 39.02% over the 75% RDF + MSWC, 100% RDF, 75% RDF + PGPR, and 50% RDF + MSWC + PGPR treatments, respectively. In terms of economic returns, BL-42 achieved a significantly higher gross return (GR) and net return (NR) of 194,989 ₹/ha and 145,142 ₹/ha, respectively, compared to the GR and NR of BL-10 (166,512 and 116,665 ₹/ha, respectively). Similarly, the nutrient management practice of 75% RDF + FYM + PGPR recorded the highest GR and NR (191,638 and 137,346 ₹/ha, respectively) compared to the 100% RDF treatment (167,593 and 120,716 ₹/ha, respectively). These findings underscore the critical role of variety selection and tailored nutrient management in optimizing both the yield and economic gains in forage crop cultivation. The significant differences in production and returns highlight the potential of targeted agronomic strategies to enhance the profitability and sustainability of forage farming.
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- 2024
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25. Time-Frequency Audio Features for Speech-Music Classification
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Bhattacharjee, Mrinmoy, Prasanna, S. R. M., and Guha, Prithwijit
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Distinct striation patterns are observed in the spectrograms of speech and music. This motivated us to propose three novel time-frequency features for speech-music classification. These features are extracted in two stages. First, a preset number of prominent spectral peak locations are identified from the spectra of each frame. These important peak locations obtained from each frame are used to form Spectral peak sequences (SPS) for an audio interval. In second stage, these SPS are treated as time series data of frequency locations. The proposed features are extracted as periodicity, average frequency and statistical attributes of these spectral peak sequences. Speech-music categorization is performed by learning binary classifiers on these features. We have experimented with Gaussian mixture models, support vector machine and random forest classifiers. Our proposal is validated on four datasets and benchmarked against three baseline approaches. Experimental results establish the validity of our proposal., Comment: 4 pages, 16 figures
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- 2018
26. Alternaria alternata strain VLH1: a potential entomopathogenic fungus native to North Western Indian Himalayas
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Amit Umesh Paschapur, A. R. N. S. Subbanna, Ashish Kumar Singh, B. Jeevan, Johnson Stanley, H. Rajashekara, Krishna Kant Mishra, Prasanna S. Koti, Lakshmi Kant, and Arunava Pattanayak
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Alternaria alternata ,Hemipteran insects ,Chitinolytic activity ,Nutritional physiology indices ,Indian Himalayas ,Agriculture - Abstract
Abstract Background The inadvertent observation of a substantial population reduction of greenhouse whiteflies infecting Salvia divinorum plants grown in a polyhouse sparked a flurry of inquiries on the cause of the population decline. The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) (Alternaria alternata strain VLH1) infecting greenhouse whitefly on S. divinorum plants was isolated and morphologically and molecularly characterised using multilocus sequence typing. Results The fungus was found to be highly virulent against sucking pests; with LC50 values ranging from 1.7 × 104 to 2.5 × 106 spores per ml for the Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach) and soybean sucking bug (Chauliops choprai Sweet and Schaeffer), respectively. In the lepidopteran larvae treated with a concentration of 3 × 105 spores per ml, the fungus induced developmental abnormalities such as aberrant larval to pupal moulting, defective pupae, and deformed adults. Pathogenicity studies on the two beneficial insects (Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.) and Apis mellifera L.) and 11 host plants revealed no disease signs, indicating that it is safe for use in pest management in hill agriculture. The chitinolytic activity of the fungus and its crude protein extracts was reported in studies conducted against target insect pests, with the highest chitinase enzyme production (117.7 U/ml) on the fourth day of inoculation. Furthermore, over a 96-h period, third instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) larvae fed on a protein fraction-amended artificial diet showed a significant decrease in nutritional physiology indices such as relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, efficiency of ingested food conversion, efficiency of digested food conversion, and approximate digestibility. Moreover, the polyhouse and open-field studies against two sucking pests; Myzus persicae (Sulz.) infesting capsicum in polyhouse and L. erysimi infesting Indian rapeseed in open-field conditions showed, 81.14% and 63.14% mortality rates, respectively, at 3 × 107 spore/ml concentration. Conclusions Entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) was reported to be an effective biocontrol agent, which caused direct mortality in sucking pests to developmental abnormalities in lepidopteran insects. Despite positive findings in in vitro and in vivo bioassay investigations against various insect pests, the fungus still has to be inspected before it can be used on a broad scale for biological pest management.
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- 2022
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27. Performance of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and soil health under organic nutrition
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MASTIHOLI A B, BIRADAR I B, GOPALI J B, RUDRESH D L, and PRASANNA S M
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Moringa, Neem cake, Organic manures, Rhizosphere microorganisms, Soil properties, Vermicompost, Yield ,Agriculture - Abstract
A field trial was conducted during 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2019–20 at the Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Bagalkot under Northern Dry Zone-3 of the Agroclimatic zones of Karnataka with an intention to study the response of moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) crop to different organic sources of nutrients. There were five nutrition treatments, viz. T1, 100% RDN through FYM; T2, 100% RDN through vermicompost; T3, 100% RDN through neem cake; T4, 1/3 RDN through FYM+1/3 RDN through vermicompost+1/3 RDN through neem cake and; T5, 50: 125: 30 kg NPK+20 tonnes FYM/ha (RDF) and replicated four times. The treatment T4 recorded significantly higher green pod yield (87.99 q/ha) which was on par with RDF (83.83 q/ha) and T3 (82.66 q/ha). However, most of the growth (except height) and yield contributing parameters, in all the organic treatments, were on par with RDF. Application of organic manures helped in improving available nutrients status, including micronutrients in soil. Among the different organic manures, the effect of FYM and VC in increasing the population of rhizosphere microorganisms was more than other treatments. Net return was found more in T4 (`124446/ha) followed by T3 (`118179/ha) and RDF (`114079/ha). It was found that organic manure applied in equal proportion (T4) and 100% substitution of N through neem cake (T3) was found better in getting higher yield and returns.
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- 2023
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28. Stealth assessment strategy in distributed systems using optimal deep learning with game based learning
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Rajendran, Dineshkumar and Prasanna, S.
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- 2022
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29. Enhanced capillary pumping through evaporation assisted leaf-mimicking micropumps
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Kumar, Prasoon, Gandhi, Prasanna S, and Majumder, Mainak
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Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Pumping fluids without an aid of an external power source are desirable in a number of applications ranging from a cooling of microelectronic circuits to Micro Total Analysis Systems (micro-TAS). Although, several microfluidic pumps exist, yet passive micropumps demonstrate better energy efficiency while providing a better control over a pumping rate and its operation. The fluid pumping rate and their easy maneuverability are critical in some applications; therefore, in the current work, we have developed a leaf-mimicking micropump that demonstrated ~6 fold increase in a volumetric pumping rate as compared to the micropumps having a single capillary fluid delivery system. We have discussed a simple, scalable, yet inexpensive method to design and fabricate these leaf mimicking micopump. The microstructure of the micropumps were characterised through scanning electron microscopy and its pumping performance (volumetric pumping rate and pressure head sustainence) were assessed experimentally. The working principle of the proposed micropump is attributed to its structural elements; where branched-shaped microchannels deliver the fluid acting like veins of leaves while the connected microporous support resembles mesophyll cells matrix that instantaneously transfers the delivered fluid by a capillary action to multiple pores mimicking the stomata for evaporation. Such design of micropumps will enable an efficient delivery of the desired volume of a fluid to any 2D/3D micro/nanofluidic devices used in an engineering and biological applications., Comment: 19 pages including 6 figures and 1 table. The The work was presented as an oral presentation in the National conference on Convergence of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical technology, 2018, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmadabad, India ( 26th March - 28th March, 2018)
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- 2018
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30. Optimal morphometric factors responsible for enhanced gas exchange in fish gills
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Kumar, Prasoon, Gandhi, Prasanna S, and Majumder, Mainak
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Physics - Biological Physics - Abstract
Fish gills are one of the most primitive gas/solute exchange organs, having the highest ventilation volume, present in nature. Such performance is attributed to a functional unit of gill - secondary lamella - that can extract oxygen from an ambience even at a very low partial pressure. For centuries, gills have stood as one of the simplest but an elegant gas/solute exchange organs. Although the role of various morphometric factors of fish gills on gas/solute exchange capabilities have been reported, there has been limited understanding on what makes fish gills as an excellent gas/solute exchange system. Therefore, in the current study, we have theoretically studied the variation of few structural and parametric ratios, which were known to have role in gas/solute exchange, with respect to the weight of fishes. Thereafter, modelling and simulation of convection-diffusion transport through a two dimensional model of secondary lamella were carried out to study different factors affecting the performance of gills. The results obtained from both the studies (theoretical and computational) were in good agreement with each other. Thus, our study suggested that fish gills have optimized parametric ratios, at multiple length scales, throughout an evolution to arrive at an organ with enhanced mass transport capabilities. Further, our study also highlighted the role of length of primary and secondary lamella, surface area of secondary lamellae and inter-lamellar distance on gas/solute exchange capabilities of fish gills. Thus, these defined morphological parameters and parametric ratios could be exploited in future to design and develop efficient gas/solute exchange microdevices., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, A part of results published as Kumar P, P S Gandhi, M Majumder, Design and fabrication of thin microvascularised polymer matrices inspired from secondary lamellae of fish gills,""Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication VI", an international conference, SPIE/NDE, (Las Vegas, USA), 9797-40, 2016
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- 2018
31. Effect of quasi hydrostatic and non hydrostatic pressure on long S–S bonded sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4): A Raman Spectroscopic study
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Shah, Archana, Ghalsasi, Prasanna S., and Ghalsasi, Pallavi
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- 2022
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32. Phenotypic and Genotypic screening of fifty-two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for desirable cultivars against blast disease.
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Jeevan B, Rajashekara Hosahatti, Prasanna S Koti, Vinaykumar Hargi Devappa, Umakanta Ngangkham, Pramesh Devanna, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Krishna Kant Mishra, Jay Prakash Aditya, Palanna Kaki Boraiah, Ahmed Gaber, and Akbar Hossain
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus, is one of the most dangerous rice pathogens, causing considerable crop losses around the world. In order to explore the rice blast-resistant sources, initially performed a large-scale screening of 277 rice accessions. In parallel with field evaluations, fifty-two rice accessions were genotyped for 25 major blast resistance genes utilizing functional/gene-based markers based on their reactivity against rice blast disease. According to the phenotypic examination, 29 (58%) and 22 (42%) entries were found to be highly resistant, 18 (36%) and 29 (57%) showed moderate resistance, and 05 (6%) and 01 (1%), respectively, were highly susceptible to leaf and neck blast. The genetic frequency of 25 major blast resistance genes ranged from 32 to 60%, with two genotypes having a maximum of 16 R-genes each. The 52 rice accessions were divided into two groups based on cluster and population structure analysis. The highly resistant and moderately resistant accessions are divided into different groups using the principal coordinate analysis. According to the analysis of molecular variance, the maximum diversity was found within the population, while the minimum diversity was found between the populations. Two markers (RM5647 and K39512), which correspond to the blast-resistant genes Pi36 and Pik, respectively, showed a significant association to the neck blast disease, whereas three markers (Pi2-i, Pita3, and k2167), which correspond to the blast-resistant genes Pi2, Pita/Pita2, and Pikm, respectively, showed a significant association to the leaf blast disease. The associated R-genes might be utilized in rice breeding programmes through marker-assisted breeding, and the identified resistant rice accessions could be used as prospective donors for the production of new resistant varieties in India and around the world.
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- 2023
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33. Evolution of mesh-like liquid films in multi-port lifted Hele Shaw cells
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Kanhurkar, Sachin D., Gandhi, Prasanna S., and Bhattacharya, Amitabh
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- 2022
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34. Functional principal component analysis for identifying the child growth pattern using longitudinal birth cohort data
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Karuppusami, Reka, Antonisamy, Belavendra, and Premkumar, Prasanna S.
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- 2022
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35. Alternaria alternata strain VLH1: a potential entomopathogenic fungus native to North Western Indian Himalayas
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Paschapur, Amit Umesh, Subbanna, A. R. N. S., Singh, Ashish Kumar, Jeevan, B., Stanley, Johnson, Rajashekara, H., Mishra, Krishna Kant, Koti, Prasanna S., Kant, Lakshmi, and Pattanayak, Arunava
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- 2022
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36. Functional principal component analysis for identifying the child growth pattern using longitudinal birth cohort data
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Reka Karuppusami, Belavendra Antonisamy, and Prasanna S. Premkumar
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Cohort ,Child growth ,Functional principal component analysis ,Longitudinal ,Urban slums ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Longitudinal studies are important to understand patterns of growth in children and limited in India. It is important to identify an approach for characterising growth trajectories to distinguish between children who have healthy growth and those growth is poor. Many statistical approaches are available to assess the longitudinal growth data and which are difficult to recognize the pattern. In this research study, we employed functional principal component analysis (FPCA) as a statistical method to find the pattern of growth data. The purpose of this study is to describe the longitudinal child growth trajectory pattern under 3 years of age using functional principal component method. Methods Children born between March 2002 and August 2003 (n = 290) were followed until their third birthday in three neighbouring slums in Vellore, South India. Field workers visited homes to collect details of morbidity twice a week. Height and weight were measured monthly from 1 month of age in a study-run clinic. Longitudinal child growth trajectory pattern were extracted using Functional Principal Component analysis using B-spline basis functions with smoothing parameters. Functional linear model was used to assess the factors association with the growth functions. Results We have obtained four FPCs explained by 86.5, 3.9, 3.1 and 2.2% of the variation respectively for the height functions. For height, 38% of the children’s had poor growth trajectories. Similarly, three FPCs explained 76.2, 8.8, and 4.7% respectively for the weight functions and 44% of the children’s had poor growth in their weight trajectories. Results show that gender, socio-economic status, parent’s education, breast feeding, and gravida are associated and, influence the growth pattern in children. Conclusions The FPC approach deals with subjects’ dynamics of growth and not with specific values at given times. FPC could be a better alternate approach for both dimension reduction and pattern detection. FPC may be used to offer greater insight for classification.
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- 2022
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37. Tuberculosis of the tongue: A rare case
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Devidas B Dahiphale, Abhijeet Nagarpurkar, Harshul Sharma, Shivaji Pole, and Prasanna S Mishrikotkar
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oral tuberculosis ,oral ulceration ,tongue ,tongue oral ulceration ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis mostly affects the lungs, but may also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and skin. Extrapulmonary involvement in tuberculosis is rare, accounting for just 10 to 15% of cases. The lymph nodes are the second most common site of tuberculosis infection. Oral tuberculosis has long been thought to be an unusual phenomenon. Oral manifestations are thought to occur in just 0.05 to 5% of all tuberculosis cases. Surface ulcers, patches, papillomatous lesions, and indurated soft tissue lesions are the most common oral manifestations. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented to the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat at MGM Hospital in Aurangabad, India, with a painful ulcer and tiny nodules on the tongue’s tip and lateral surface. The ulcer appeared 3–4 weeks ago without any obvious trigger with a prickling feeling and increased soreness over the area., Onintraoral inspection multiple small nodules is measuring about 0.1 cm and multiple circular ulcer measuring about 0.2 x 0.1 cm in diameter at the tip and lateral border of the tongue. A granulomatous center and a whitish, well-defined border with mild elevation characterized the ulcer. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of tuberculosis evidence in the oral cavity, oral tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral lesions. To prevent ineffective oral therapy, accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful care by concentrating on the pathological source.
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- 2022
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38. Multiscale fabrication of scalable biomimetic 3-D, integrated micro-nanochannels network in PDMS for solute exchange
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Kumar, Prasoon, Gandhi, Prasanna S, and Majumder, Mainak
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Integrated micro-nanochannel networks in fluidic devices are desirable in a number of applications ranging from self-healing/cooling materials to bioengineering. The conventional micro-manufacturing techniques are capable of either producing microchannel or nanochannel networks for a fluidic application but lack proficiency in the production of an integrated micro-nanochannel network with a smooth transition from micro-to-nano scale dimension. In addition, these techniques possess limitations such as heavy initial investment, sophistication in operation and scale-up capabilities. Therefore, the current paper demonstrates the combination of micro/nanotechnologies to design and develop a biomimetic 3-D integrated micro-nanochannel network in PDMS device for solute exchange. We have used 3-D printer, a scalable technology, to design and manufacture micro-mold having fractal-shaped features. Further, electrospinning was used to deposit nanofibrous network on the fractal mold. Subsequent micro-molding with PDMS was used to obtain fractal-shaped microchannels integrated with embedded nanofibers. Henceforth, solvent etching of nanofibers followed by bonding of thin PDMS membrane generated by spin coating to open end of channels leads to the formation of functional microdevices. These PDMS devices mimic the natural vasculature of a living system, where fractal-shaped microchannels will assist in efficient fluid flow and the site of nanovascular network participates in heat/mass transport operations. Further, dye flow propounds the functionality of such devices. Our study hence proposes a simple and scalable hybrid microtechnolgy to fabricate fluidic devices having multiscale architecture. This will also facilitate the rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices for biomedical, diagnostics, sensors and micro-TAS applications., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, conference proceedings in 11th International Conference on MicroManufacturing, UC Irvine, 2016
- Published
- 2017
39. Review of hydraulic seal failures due to effect of medium to high temperature
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Mahankar, Prasanna S. and Dhoble, Ashwinkumar S.
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- 2021
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40. An ontology enabled internet of things framework in intelligent agriculture for preventing post-harvest losses
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Sanjeevi, P., Siva Kumar, B., Prasanna, S., Maruthupandi, J., Manikandan, R., and Baseera, A.
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- 2021
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41. Event-Based Transformation of Misarticulated Stops in Cleft Lip and Palate Speech
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Sudro, Protima Nomo, Vikram, C. M., and Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva
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- 2021
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42. Energy Shaping Control of an Inverted Flexible Pendulum Fixed to a Cart
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Gandhi, Prasanna S., Borja, Pablo, and Ortega, Romeo
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Control of compliant mechanical systems is increasingly being researched for several applications including flexible link robots and ultra-precision positioning systems. The control problem in these systems is challenging, especially with gravity coupling and large deformations, because of inherent underactuation and the combination of lumped and distributed parameters of a nonlinear system. In this paper we consider an ultra-flexible inverted pendulum on a cart and propose a new nonlinear energy shaping controller to keep the pendulum at the upward position with the cart stopped at a desired location. The design is based on a model, obtained via the constrained Lagrange formulation, which previously has been validated experimentally. The controller design consists of a partial feedback linearization step followed by a standard PID controller acting on two passive outputs. Boundedness of all signals and (local) asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium is theoretically established. Simulations and experimental evidence assess the performance of the proposed controller., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, extended version of the NOLCOS 2016 paper
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- 2016
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43. Nonconventional driving force for selective oxidative C–C coupling reaction due to concurrent and curious formation of Ag0
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Khushboo Bhanderi, Prasanna S. Ghalsasi, and Katsuya Inoue
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Is it possible to ‘explore’ metal’s intrinsic property—a cohesive interaction—which naturally transform M0 into an aggregate or a particle or film for driving oxidative C–C bond formation? With this intention, reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ to Ag0 with concurrent oxidation of different phenols/naphthols to biphenyls was undertaken. The work is originated during careful observation of an undergraduate experiment—Tollens’ test—where silver mirror film deposition takes place on the walls of borosilicate glass test tube. When the same reaction was carried out in polypropylene (plastic-Eppendorf) tube, we observed aggregation of Ag0 leading to floating Ag-particles but not silver film deposition. This prompted us to carry out challenging cross-coupling reaction by ONLY changing the surface of the reaction flask from glass to plastic to silicones. To our surprise, we observed good selective oxidative homo-coupling on Teflon surface while cross-coupling in Eppendorf vial. Thus, we propose that the formation of biphenyl is driven by the macroscopic growth of Ag0 into [Ag-particle] orchestrated by Ag…Ag cohesive interaction. To validate results, experiments were also performed on gram scale. More importantly, oxidation of β-naphthol carried out in quartz (chiral) tube which yielded slight enantioselective excess of BINOL. Details are discussed.
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- 2021
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44. Integration of pan-cancer multi-omics data for novel mixed subgroup identification using machine learning methods
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Khadirnaikar, Seema, primary, Shukla, Sudhanshu, additional, and Prasanna, S. R. M., additional
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- 2023
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45. Expansion and characterization of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free conditions
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Bhat, Samatha, Viswanathan, Pachaiyappan, Chandanala, Shashank, Prasanna, S. Jyothi, and Seetharam, Raviraja N.
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- 2021
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46. Nonconventional driving force for selective oxidative C–C coupling reaction due to concurrent and curious formation of Ag0
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Bhanderi, Khushboo, Ghalsasi, Prasanna S., and Inoue, Katsuya
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- 2021
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47. Tele-Neurorehabilitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Practice in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Abhishek Srivastava, Aishwarya Swaminathan, Manigandan Chockalingam, Murali K. Srinivasan, Nirmal Surya, Partha Ray, Prasanna S. Hegde, Preetie Shetty Akkunje, Sanjivani Kamble, Sonal Chitnis, Sureshkumar Kamalakannan, Suvarna Ganvir, Urvashi Shah, and The Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNR) Research Task Force
- Subjects
neurorehabilitation ,tele-rehabilitation system ,neurological disability ,COVID-19 ,pandemic (COVID-19) ,low- and middle-income countries ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
The importance of neurorehabilitation services for people with disabilities is getting well-recognized in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) recently. However, accessibility to the same has remained the most significant challenge, in these contexts. This is especially because of the non-availability of trained specialists and the availability of neurorehabilitation centers only in urban cities owned predominantly by private healthcare organizations. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the members of the Task Force for research at the Indian Federation of Neurorehabilitation (IFNR) reviewed the context for tele-neurorehabilitation (TNR) and have provided the contemporary implications for practicing TNR during COVID-19 for people with neurological disabilities (PWNDs) in LMICs. Neurorehabilitation is a science that is driven by rigorous research-based evidence. The current pandemic implies the need for systematically developed TNR interventions that is evaluated for its feasibility and acceptability and that is informed by available evidence from LMICs. Given the lack of organized systems in place for the provision of neurorehabilitation services in general, there needs to be sufficient budgetary allocations and a sector-wide approach to developing policies and systems for the provision of TNR services for PWNDs. The pandemic situation provides an opportunity to optimize the technological innovations in health and scale up these innovations to meet the growing burden of neurological disability in LMICs. Thus, this immense opportunity must be tapped to build capacity for safe and effective TNR services provision for PWNDs in these settings.
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- 2021
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48. Robust Methods for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification
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Bhukya, Ramesh K., Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva, and Sarma, Biswajit Dev
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- 2019
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49. CASE SERIES OF ISOLATED PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS AMONG POST-COVID-19 INDIVIDUALS
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PRASANNA S., MAYURI MAHAJAN, NIKUNJA KUMAR DAS, NIKHIL MAHAJAN, and CHANDANA S.
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Pharmacology ,Pharmaceutical Science - Abstract
Nocardia infections are rare in an immunocompetent and healthy individual. It is frequently diagnosed and reported very late during the disease. Here we present an interesting case series of isolated pulmonary nocardiosis among post COVID-19 patients. A 45-year-old male presented to general medicine OPD with breathlessness and cough with expectoration. The patient was a known case of diabetes. A Sputum sample was sent for culture, gram, and acid-fast stain, and the nasopharyngeal swab was sent for RT-PCR and turned out to be COVID-19 negative. Gram stain showed numerous pus cells with filamentous hyphae-like structures. Nocardiosis was strongly considered based on imaging morphology. A 65-year-old female presented to OPD with fever, respiratory distress, and expectorating cough for one month. The patient was a not known case of diabetes and hypertension. The patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and had a history of COVID-19. The microscopic examination of the sputum sample revealed no fungal elements. The Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stain showed pus cells with filamentous bacilli and no acid-fast bacilli. A 50-year-old male presented to general medicine OPD with breathlessness and expectorating cough for four weeks. The patient was a not known case of diabetes and hypertension. The sputum sample was negative for ZN stain; the Gram stain showed numerous pus cells with filamentous hyphae-like structures. The modified acid-fast staining was done for sputum and BAL samples in all cases showed filamentous weak acid-fast bacilli resembling Nocardia species. The patient did well with cotrimoxazole and was discharged later. The differential diagnosis of nocardia should always be in mind in case of lung infections. All respiratory samples must also be screened for Nocardia. The early diagnosis and management of pulmonary nocardiosis decide the patient’s prognosis.
- Published
- 2023
50. Influence of different bedding material on locomotor behaviour of thoroughbred horses housed in individual stalls
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Abdul Mateen K W, Mahadevappa D Gouri, Vivek M Patil, Rajeshwari Y B, Prasanna S B, and Umashankar B C
- Abstract
The effect of three different bedding material on the locomotor behaviour of horses housed in individual boxes were analysed. Three different groups of horses, with ten horses in each group, were kept on straw bedding, wood shavings and no bedding material for four weeks. A behaviour recording chart was used to not each individual’s behaviour for four hours a day (morning and evening). Recording time for the behaviour like standing on three legs, body stretching, kicking behaviour, walking in the stable, scratching of body with legs and lying behaviour with bedding were generated. Use of straw bedding caused a significantly higher frequency and total duration of standing on three legs (P
- Published
- 2023
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