Search

Resumen: Antecedentes: La adolescencia es un periodo importante del desarrollo en el que pueden aparecer problemas psicológicos, incluyendo conducta suicida. Además, experimentar acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVEs) puede contribuir a su aparición, aunque el impacto de distintos tipos de AVEs ha sido escasamente examinado. Este estudio pretende analizar asociaciones entre diferentes AVEs, problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo y conducta suicida en adolescentes. Se desarrolló un nuevo instrumento -Stressful Life Events Checklist for Adolescents (SLECA)- donde los AVEs se clasificaron como: leves/graves, dependientes/independientes, interpersonales/no-interpersonales y crónicos/episódicos. Método: Se incluyeron dos oleadas. 5.610 adolescentes participaron en la primera y 2.312 en la segunda. Resultados: Los AVEs graves-dependientes-interpersonales-episódicos se asociaron fuertemente a problemas exteriorizados; los AVEs graves-dependientes-no-interpersonales-episódicos mostraron la más alta relación con problemas de atención e hiperactividad; y los AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos se asociaron tanto a bajo bienestar subjetivo como a problemas interiorizados. Los AVEs académicos y relacionados con problemas con los iguales se relacionaron con problemas psicológicos y bajo bienestar subjetivo. Controlando por variables de salud mental, la conducta suicida se asoció a AVEs graves-independientes-crónicos y los relacionados con la victimización y problemas con la sexualidad. Conclusiones: El SLECA es un instrumento útil para evaluar AVEs en adolescentes, desenredando las interrelaciones entre AVEs, salud mental y conducta suicida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. Aim: To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor--Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. Results: A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated a link between screen exposure and children’s mental health, but with the emergence of new screen media and a rise in screen content, uncertainties have grown. Our aim was to investigate the impact of screen use on psychological issues in 2- to 3-year-old children, considering screen time and types of screen media and content.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included participants from Shanghai, China, from February to July 2023. Screen use information was collected from children’s caregivers via online questionnaire. Psychological difficulties of children were reported by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsAmong the interviewed children, 15.9% had an average daily screen time exceeding 1 hour (h). 52.1% of them viewed inappropriate, non-child-directed screen content, 37.6% were mainly exposed to educational content, and 18.9% watched more fast-paced screen content than slow-paced content. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the use of mobile phones (β = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.18), virtual reality (VR) devices (β = 2.57, 95% CI: 0.62, 4.53) and computers for more than 30 minutes (min) per day (β = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.30) were related to higher SDQ difficulty scores. Watching more fast-paced (β = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.35) and more noneducational screen content (β = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.66) were also associated with increased difficulty scores.ConclusionThe amount of time spent using computers, mobile phones and VR devices and the proportion of exposure to noneducational content and fast-paced content were significantly associated with psychological problems among 2- to 3-year-old children.

Background: The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the "dark" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network. Method: A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires. Results: The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivityrelated problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior. Conclusions: Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. Aim: To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor–Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. Results: A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance.

A rising quantity of research designates that adolescents’ and students’ psychological problems pose a risk to them and society. Research indicates that students frequently utilize Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services to get informed about mental health, and to resolve their psychological problems. A critical and reflective analysis of the scientific literature, and a critical examination and reflective synthesis, theories, and practice on the use of ICTs and digital media for the treatment of psychological problems have been employed in this study. The study identifies gaps in research theory and practice regarding the use of ICTs and digital services for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among adolescents and the student population. The article proposes ten preliminary criteria for ICT use in the treatment of psychological problems as a direction for further research.

Background: With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times. Objectives: Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications. Results: Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support. Conclusions: Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms.

Objective: With this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons and results of young adults who apply with psychological problems in a primary care institution of a university and to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics. Method: The descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Sıhhiye Health Center. All students between the ages of 18-35, who were registered in the specified date range in our study, and who came to a psychologist interview at least 3 times at regular intervals were evaluated. In our study, the data of the patients were collected by examining the data forms recorded by the psychologist. The personal data of the patient was not used in the data form. Results: In the study, 276 applications were evaluated retrospectively. It was observed that 83.3% of the applicants were women, and the mean age was 20.99±2.176. When evaluated in terms of application reasons; it was determined that 35.5% of them applied due to anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] problems, 35.9% of them had communication problems and psychosocial problems. For the treatment of 65.2%, it was decided to follow up with a psychologist [who did not require referral to a psychiatrist]. When the relationship between the outcome of the applications and the reasons for the application is evaluated; 54.8% of mood problems were referred to a psychiatrist and were followed up by a psychologist after the medication was started; it was determined that 51.1% of the patients who applied with communication and psychosocial problems were followed up by a psychologist without the need for referral to a psychiatrist. Conclusion: As a result, university students have high levels of anxiety, stress, OCD problems, communication problems, and psychosocial problems; it was found that women, those living in dormitories and those with a diagnosis of psychiatric illness applied more frequently. Students should be encouraged to benefit from the health centers, which are created for them, where primary care preventive health care is at the forefront.

A rising quantity of research designates that adolescents' and students' psychological problems pose a risk to them and society. Research indicates that students frequently utilize Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services to get informed about mental health, and to resolve their psychological problems. A critical and reflective analysis of the scientific literature, and a critical examination and reflective synthesis, theories, and practice on the use of ICTs and digital media for the treatment of psychological problems have been employed in this study. The study identifies gaps in research theory and practice regarding the use of ICTs and digital services for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among adolescents and the student population. The article proposes ten preliminary criteria for ICT use in the treatment of psychological problems as a direction for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enuresis is a common disorder in the school-age period, and is often associated with a variety of behavioral, psychological, and social problems. While early studies suggested an association between enuresis and delinquent behavior, there has been no recent research assessing the prevalence of enuresis and its comorbid psychopathology in young offenders. The aim of this study was to therefore assess the prevalence of enuresis and its associated psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated young offenders. Methods: The prevalence of past and current enuresis and comorbid psychopathology was assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview and self-reports from 366 incarcerated male young offenders [age 14 to 19 years (mean age = 16.4)] from Northern Russia. Results: Seventy-three (20.0%) adolescents reported a previous history of enuresis, and in addition almost 10% of the youth reported current enuresis symptoms. Delinquent youth with enuresis did not significantly differ from other youth in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses when assessed by a clinical diagnostic interview, but had significantly higher levels of self-reported mental health problems, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusion: Problems with enuresis are common among delinquent youth and may be associated with increased mental health problems. Given the potentially increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in young offenders with enuresis, comprehensive mental health screening of those who are detected with this condition should be considered in the juvenile justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of DGBIs, their associated psychopathological aspects and their potential correlations with ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among pediatric AN patients. The study included AN patients who were under the care of a specialized multidisciplinary team. We assessed DGBI-related symptoms using the Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (R4PDQ) and conducted psychological evaluations. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were evaluated. Among 56 AN patients, we observed a lower prevalence of DGBIs (functional constipation: 61%; functional dyspepsia: 54%; irritable bowel syndrome: 25%) compared to the existing literature. The psychological assessments revealed high rates of depression (72%) and anxiety (70%). UPF consumption was inversely related to depression levels (p = 0.01) but positively correlated with functional constipation (p = 0.046). This study highlights the importance of using age-specific diagnostic tools and emphasizes the crucial role of a specialized multidisciplinary team in the treatment of AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2023, wildfires led to widespread destruction of property and displacement of residents in Alberta and Nova Scotia, Canada. Previous research suggests that wildfires increase the psychological burden of impacted communities, necessitating population-level interventions. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based text message interventions, Text4HopeAB and Text4HopeNS, were launched in Alberta and Nova Scotia, respectively, during the 2023 wildfire season to support the mental health of impacted individuals. Objectives: The study examines the effectiveness of Text4HopeNS and Text4HopeAB in alleviating psychological symptoms and improving wellbeing among subscribers. Methods: The study involved longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. The longitudinal study comprised subscribers who completed program surveys at baseline and six weeks post-enrolment, while the naturalistic controlled study compared psychological symptoms in subscribers who had received daily supportive text messages for six weeks (intervention group) and new subscribers who had enrolled in the program during the same period but had not yet received any text messages (control group). The severity of low resilience, poor mental wellbeing, likely Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), likely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), likely Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation were measured on the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the World Health Organization-5 Wellbeing Index (WHO-5), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9, respectively. The paired and independent sample t-tests were employed in data analysis. Results: The results from the longitudinal study indicated a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PHQ-9 (−12.3%), GAD-7 (−14.8%), and the PCL-C (−5.8%), and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5, but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks. In the naturalistic controlled study, the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score on the PHQ-9 (−30.1%), GAD-7 (−29.4%), PCL-C (−17.5%), and the ninth question on the PHQ-9 (−60.0%) which measures the intensity of suicidal ideation, and an increase in the mean score on the WHO-5 (+24.7%), but not on the BRS, from baseline to six weeks compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggests that the Text4Hope program is an effective intervention for mitigating psychological symptoms in subscribers during wildfires. This CBT-based text messaging program can be adapted to provide effective support for individuals' mental health, especially in the context of traumatic events and adverse experiences such as those induced by climate change. Policymakers and mental health professionals should consider these findings when shaping strategies for future disaster response efforts, emphasizing the value of scalable and culturally sensitive mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's significance lies in the multitude of challenges facing individuals today, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, military conflicts like the war in Ukraine, and the escalating rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. These factors contribute to the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders, disrupting various aspects of individuals' mental functioning and social interactions. Addressing these disorders effectively necessitates a comprehensive approach, combining pharmacological interventions with psychotherapeutic strategies under the guidance of specialized professionals. In this regard, the study is aimed at identifying aspects and features of the development of psychological problems and personality disorders in the modern world filled with various stressors. The leading methods of studying this problem are analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, experiment and systematisation of approaches that will help determine a wide range of mental disorders. Theoretical methods were used to analyze the literature and summarize theoretical material on anxiety and depressive disorders. Diagnostic methods were used to assess the psychological state of the study population. The study examines significant clinical syndromes and vegetative disorders that disrupt normal lifestyle, hinder daily activities, and impede professional growth. It evaluates the roles of psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers in assisting individuals with anxiety disorders. It outlines preventive measures for anxiety and depression, while also delving into various types of anxiety disorders. The research proposes diverse methods to prevent emotional anxiety and instability. It underscores the importance of devising novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy, emphasizing a comprehensive approach involving psychotherapeutic support, medical intervention, and adaptive behavioral techniques. The findings of the study hold both practical and theoretical significance for professionals in psychology, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and sociology who provide support for individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders. Furthermore, the insights provided may be pertinent to researchers and scholars investigating the psychological well-being of contemporary society amidst adverse external circumstances.

Рассматривается проблема переживания одиночества в юношеском возрасте, в частности обращено внимание к его конструктивному характеру. Выдвигая собственное рабочее определение понятия «одиночество», под которым понимается психическое состояние, авторы формулируют идею о наличии так называемого поля одиночества, куда входят зоны ограждения и отстранения. Ключевым в работе является понятие позитивного одиночества как одного из видов одиночества, связанного с внутренней работой человека над собственным опытом, а именно с его переработкой и интеграцией. Целью исследования стало выявление возможностей переживания позитивного одиночества как потенциального средства решения таких психологических проблем в юношеском возрасте, как проблем самоотношения, поиска смысла жизни и эмоционального благополучия. На основе результатов, полученных в ходе тестирования и обработанных с помощью методов описательной статистики и корреляционного анализа, авторы делают выводы об особенностях переживания одиночества, в том числе позитивного, у учащихся старших классов, студентов вузов и колледжей. Исследование показало, что переживанием позитивного одиночества могут определяться значимость или незначимость некоторых жизненных смыслов и желательность различных эмоциональных переживаний, а это в свою очередь может способствовать решению проблем поиска смысла жизни и эмоционального самочувствия.

ObjectivesThis study aims to test the psychometric proprieties of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) applied to younger (13-16 years) and older (17-20 years) Italian adolescents examining (1) the factorial structure of RFQ; (2) its invariance across age and sex; (3) correlations between RFQ subscale scores, as well as the associations of the RFQ with (4) psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 593 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 20 years old recruited from the community within Italy. These participants completed the RFQ, Symptom Checklist-90, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale.ResultsThe two-factor structure of the RFQ was confirmed. However, higher internal consistency of RFQ was obtained by removing two items that seemed problematic within this sample. Using a six-item version of RFQ, the two-factor structure was invariant across adolescent age and sex. Significant correlations among RFQ subscale scores, and between RFQ subscales with both psychological problems and alexithymia dimensions were found.ConclusionsPreliminary results reveal a short version of RFQ (six-item) is a suitable measure to assess mentalizing in adolescents in the Italian context.

Peter Muris,1,2 Henry Otgaar1,3 1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 3Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCorrespondence: Peter Muris, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands, Email peter.muris@maastrichtuniversity.nlAbstract: The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and self-compassion. Besides a theoretical exploration of both concepts, a meta-analysis (k = 76, N = 35,537 participants) was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self-esteem and self-compassion and their links to indices of well-being and psychological problems. The average correlation between self-esteem and self-compassion was strong (r = 0.65, effect size = 0.71), suggesting that – despite some distinct features – the overlap between both self-related constructs is considerable. Self-esteem and self-compassion displayed relations of a similar magnitude to measures of well-being and psychological problems, and both concepts accounted for unique variance in these measures once controlling for their shared variance. Self-esteem and self-compassion can best be seen as complementary concepts and we invite researchers to look more at their joint protective role within a context of well-being and mental health as well as to their additive value in the treatment of people with psychological problems.Keywords: self-esteem, self-compassion, resilience, well-being, psychological problems, interventions

BackgroundEnuresis is a common disorder in the school-age period, and is often associated with a variety of behavioral, psychological, and social problems. While early studies suggested an association between enuresis and delinquent behavior, there has been no recent research assessing the prevalence of enuresis and its comorbid psychopathology in young offenders. The aim of this study was to therefore assess the prevalence of enuresis and its associated psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated young offenders.MethodsThe prevalence of past and current enuresis and comorbid psychopathology was assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview and self-reports from 366 incarcerated male young offenders [age 14 to 19 years (mean age = 16.4)] from Northern Russia.ResultsSeventy-three (20.0%) adolescents reported a previous history of enuresis, and in addition almost 10% of the youth reported current enuresis symptoms. Delinquent youth with enuresis did not significantly differ from other youth in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses when assessed by a clinical diagnostic interview, but had significantly higher levels of self-reported mental health problems, and suicidal ideation and attempts.ConclusionProblems with enuresis are common among delinquent youth and may be associated with increased mental health problems. Given the potentially increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behavior in young offenders with enuresis, comprehensive mental health screening of those who are detected with this condition should be considered in the juvenile justice system.

Background: With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times. Objectives: Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications. Results: Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support. Conclusions: Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important complications related to surgery and anesthesia is cognitive disorders, it is necessary to think about such complications before the surgery and anesthesia and put the necessary preparations on the agenda. Lack of accuracy and lack of awareness of the factors that cause these problems can be the main cause of these problems. The purpose of this review article is to examine the causes and factors that cause cognitive problems around surgery so that by providing solutions, they can be prevented from spreading and appearing after surgery. In this study, various appropriate articles related to the topic were used, which were published between 1990 and 2022 in the field of causes of cognitive problems and prevention strategies. References for this review article are from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were obtained. The authors used keywords including cognitive problems, psychological problems during anesthesia, after anesthesia, and surgery in these sites. In this study, the things that should be considered in anesthesia and surgery to prevent the occurrence of cognitive problems were investigated. These include: the use of neuroprotectants, psychoactive drugs, anticholinergic system, anesthesia depth, pediatrics and occurrence of problems, circadian and sleep disorders, patient privacy, blood sugar, patient's spiritual rituals, hemoglobin, electrolytes, blood pressure, capnography and oxygenation, patient position and posture, emboli, drug interactions, cardiac function, platelet activity, stress and pain, hypothermia and hyperthermia, delay in discharge, ileus and antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in the deep south region of Thailand have experienced civil unrest since 2004, and widows from the conflict have been severely stressed and faced various psychological problems. This study aims to investigate psychological problems and examine factors affecting the psychological problems among these widows. The psychological problems are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complicated grief (CG), and depression. The study's sample consisted of 350 widows who voluntarily participated in the interviews and completed the questionnaires. PTSD symptom scale-interview version assesses posttraumatic stress disorder, and the complicated grief is measured using the inventory of the complicated grief, and the depression is evaluated with the Hamilton rating scale for depression (Thai version). The results indicate that the respondents had a high post-traumatic stress disorder state (M = 21, SD = 13.8), a high complicated grief state (M = 28.56, SD = 19.69), but a low depression state (M = 5.48, SD = 5.70). Thirty-two percent of the samples fulfilled the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, 48% for complicated grief, and 26.6% for depression. The factors significantly affecting post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and depression are low resilience, high external stressors, and the quality of life. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of biases of the sensitive nature of the study. Therefore, to better understand the risks and protective factors of post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and depression of the bereaved widows, significantly different factors should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this article was to review some psychological and psychiatric problems in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) in the context of individual development. The problems in gaining the appropriate experiences during sensitive periods of development were also considered. The risk factors were described and it was revealed that physical activity, sleep problems and pain accounted for the incidence of depression and other mental health problems in patients with CP. Reviewed studies showed that children with CP are at greater risk of having other neurodevelopment disorders, which means that they should be carefully diagnosed for a wider range of problems. The need of expected experiences and proper stimulations, obligatory for brain and mental development during sensitive periods, should also be taken into consideration as CP may restrict or limit the opportunity to receive them.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the psychological counseling intention of college students, the attitude of seeking psychological help, and the related factors of shame so as to promote the psychological health of college students. Methods: In 4 comprehensive colleges with sound psychological counseling centers, students of different grades were selected and divided into an active help-seeking group (n = 216) and a help-refusal group (n = 270). Students' shame behaviors were evaluated using the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale and Self-Stigma Scale (SSS). The intention of psychological counseling was measured by the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. The Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services was used to evaluate the psychological status. Data from the above scales were compared through the t-test. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the impact of shame on the intention of psychological counseling. Results: The study found that the active help-seeking group scored lower on SSOSH scale compared to those in the help-refusal group ( total score: 41.2 ± 9.1 vs. 37.9 ± 8.7, P = .0017). Meanwhile, the help-refusal group had higher scores on the shame dimension of the SSS (16.2 ± 3.9 vs. 5.3 ± 1.1, P = .00085). After adjusting for age, gender, and other variables, multiple linear regression analysis indicated a negative correlation between shame and intention of psychological help and counseling, revealing a significant impact of shame on professional psychological counseling (P < .05). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that shame has a negative impact on the intention of seeking psychological help and counseling among college students, highlighting the importance of addressing shame-related factors to promote psychological health and encourage the utilization of professional psychological counseling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Preventive/regular health checkups have gained prominence over the past decade due to lifestyle-associated risks. The association of physical health checkups and mental health with “well-being,” remains unclear. Most of the time less attention is given to psychological health and its importance in physical health and disease. Patients with chronic illness may encounter irreversible changes in health status and may lead to mortality. This is closely related to psychological distress and approximately 6%–34% of the patients with chronic illness developed depression. The objective of the present study is to find the correlation between the psychological well-being and chronic disease of people attending the executive health checkup. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital at Belagavi. The study enrolled 768 individuals based on 52% prevalence of hypertension reporting for an executive health checkup and evaluated their demographic profile and adapted “The Scales of Psychological Well-Being” SPARQ tool of (18 items) questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.06 ± 32.94 years and a M: F ratio was 2:1. Multiple linear regression equation of psychological wellbeing of patients (Y) in terms of parameters of chronic diseases was found to be under psychological wellbeing (Y) =331.1862-0.1378 BMI-0.0368SBP-0.7161DBP-0.2030 FBS + 0.2727 PPBS-30.8144 HBA1C-0.0682 cholesterol. Conclusions: There is a significant and negative relationship between psychological well-being with parameters of chronic diseases.

Aim and Background: Epidemiology of psychological problems of children with type 1 diabetes is particularly important due to the ever-increasing prevalence of its sufferers in the world and difficult and stressful conditions of living with this disease and also the long-term negative effects it can have on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual development of people. Because knowing the current condition of these children is essential for any psychological planning and intervention; the present study was conducted with the aim of epidemiology of psychological problems of children with type 1 diabetes. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 100 children aged 8 to 12 years with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan province who were cared for in medical centers of the University of Medical Sciences in 2022 were investigated. Psychological problems including emotional-behavioral problems were measured by Children's Behavior Inventory (CBCL). The data was analyzed through SPSS software version 26 and with descriptive (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential (chi-square, one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance) indicators. Findings: 68.7% of children examined in this research had psychological problems at the clinical level (55.2%) or borderline (13.5%).Some psychological problems were significantly related to gender and economic and educational level of the family (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Children with type 1 diabetes have internalized psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, somatization, as well as externalized problems such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors at the clinical and borderline levels. It is necessary to design and implement a context by strengthening the relationship between the medical team and the consultants to facilitate the acceptance of life with diabetes and help the children and their families express emotions properly.

Background: The health-care system has encountered exceptional circumstances, experiencing unique challenges, and manifesting as acute challenges in health-care services due to the spread of COVID-19. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to report the difficulties faced by the anesthetists while performing a cesarean section under the subarachnoid block (SAB) in COVID-19 patients at a dedicated COVID Level 3 hospital. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy anesthetists (six consultants and 14 postgraduate) aged 20–40 years performed 60 elective or emergency cesarean sections of known COVID-19-positive gravida patients aged 20–35 years with no comorbidity and no spine abnormality under the SAB. Anesthetist;s responses to the challenges faced while performing procedures wearing the Level 3 personal protective equipment were recorded using a pre-structure self-administered questionnaire. To quantify the intensity of these problems, all the physical and psychological difficulties were graded as mild, moderate, and severe. Results: In the present study, 75% experienced moderate-to-severe sweating, and 60% experienced moderate-to-severe headaches. A total of 45% experienced moderate-to-severe breathlessness. Though there was little difficulty in communication among doctors and staff, almost 75% of anesthetists faced it. The fear of contracting the disease and spreading it to the family members was expressed by 75–80% of anesthetists. Conclusion: The present scenario has increased physical stress and other psychological problems among health workers. Therefore, hospital support with regular psychological counseling sessions is needed for healthcare workers to cope with the current situation.

Background Previous studies show an association between a history of abuse and higher care demand. However, studies in general practice regarding help-seeking behaviour by patients (mainly male patients) with a history of abuse are scarce.Objectives To analyse help-seeking behaviour in general practice of men and women with a history of abuse.Methods A cohort study using data from a Dutch primary care registration network from 2015 to 2019. We included all patients aged ≥ 18 years who indicated on a questionnaire that they did or did not have a history of abuse. We analysed differences in contact frequency, types of contact, reason for encounter and diagnoses between men and women with or without a history of abuse.Results The questionnaire had a response rate of 59% and resulted in 11,140 patients, of which 1271 indicated a history of abuse. Men and women with a history of abuse contact the general practitioner (GP) 1.5 times (95% CI 1.42–1.60) more often than men and women without a history of abuse, especially for psychological (rate ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.79–2.17) and social (rate ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.68–2.22) problems. Moreover, when diagnosed with a psychological or social problem, patients with a history of abuse contact the GP twice more often for these problems.Conclusion Compared to men and women without a history of abuse, men and women with a history of abuse visit their GP more often, particularly for psychological and social problems.

Objective: This study aimed to explore women's perception about their excessive body hair growth. Methods: After getting permission from Ethical Review Committee (ERC) this study was conducted at different hospitals and clinics of Lahore from July 2019 to June 2020 by employing exploratory qualitative method. Using purposive sampling, eight unmarried women with age range of 18-30 years were interviewed through semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were analysed using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis that involved a comprehensive review of the women's lived experiences and generated themes. Results: The finding revealed that the overall attitude of women is disappointed and they spend their life with a personality that is not acceptable for them or unwanted. They were suffering from emotional instability in their lives to please interpersonal relationships with others. Some women reported that physical problems (i.e., hormonal imbalance) have impaired their life internally and externally that caused hirsutism. Further, social interaction of women was found limited. Conclusion: Hirsutism intensely influences women's experiences of their bodies in a negative way, and deeply affects their idea about themselves, self-esteem, social interaction, sleep and daily life activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Internet addiction (IA) is becoming a significant public health issue that requires urgent attention, especially for adolescents. Previous studies mainly focused on the risk factors of Internet addiction and drawn some conclusions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Internet addiction status and concurrent psychological problems in adolescent groups, and explore the differences in the relationship between IA and psychological problems in adolescents from gender and grade. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of junior and senior high school in 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province. The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the validated Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess participants’ Internet addiction and psychological status. Two-way ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between gender and Internet addiction, grade and Internet addiction on psychological problems. When the interaction was statistically significant, simple effect analysis was further carried out. Results: The prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU), depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adolescents were 16.32%, 30.16%, 35.97% and 18.80% respectively. Although the prevalence of PIU among boys (17.89%) was higher than that of girls (14.86%), girls in PIU group had the highest scores of depression, anxiety and stress. Similarly, the interaction between grade and Internet addiction was also significant (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of PIU was the highest in grade 9 (17.29%), the adverse effects of Internet addiction on psychological problems were different in different grades. Discussion: Internet addiction was prevalent among adolescents in Guangdong province, and psychological problems also cannot be ignored. Thus, this study suggests that long-term follow-ups should be included in mental health programs of adolescents to monitor the development of Internet addiction and psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents’ physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses.MethodsArticles published from database inception through 16 March 2022 were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO. High-quality studies that reported the number of participants with parameters associated with PA, sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral problems in young people aged under 18 years during the pandemic were included. We referenced the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA and sleep duration to provide the event rate for young people who were not compliant with the guidelines. The event rate of young people who had decreased sleep quality and experienced psychological and behavioral problems were also investigated. A subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the differences in those in countries with diverse economic statuses. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test were also conducted to identify any risk of publication bias.ResultA total of 66 studies with 1,371,168 participants aged between 0 and 18 years, involving 27 countries, were included. During the pandemic, we identified that 41% (95% CI: 39%, 43%; I2 = 96.62) and 43% (95% CI: 34%, 52%; I2 = 99.42) of young people did not meet the PA and sleep duration recommendation guidelines. In addition, 31% (95% CI: 28%, 35%; I2 = 99.66) of young people had decreased their sleep quality. Yet, no significant difference was found across countries with different economic statuses. However, the event rates of participants with psychological and behavioral problems were 32% (95% CI: 28%, 36%; I2 = 99.85) and 19% (95% CI: 14%, 25%; I2 = 99.72), respectively. In addition, the rate of psychological problems was more severe in those who live in lower middle-income countries (p

The main aim of this article was to review some psychological and psychiatric problems in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) in the context of individual development. The problems in gaining the appropriate experiences during sensitive periods of development were also considered. The risk factors were described and it was revealed that physical activity, sleep problems and pain accounted for the incidence of depression and other mental health problems in patients with CP. Reviewed studies showed that children with CP are at greater risk of having other neurodevelopment disorders, which means that they should be carefully diagnosed for a wider range of problems. The need of expected experiences and proper stimulations, obligatory for brain and mental development during sensitive periods, should also be taken into consideration as CP may restrict or limit the opportunity to receive them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Sickle cell disease is a chronic, inherited disease with many complications that worsen the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Although psychosocial problems are common in these patients, they receive the least attention from parents and caregivers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychosocial problems and QoL of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 patients with sickle cell disease in an Indian tertiary teaching hospital between September 2019 and April 2020. Social and psychological aspects were assessed using the PSC-35 scoring system. To assess the QoL, the current study used a self-designed questionnaire including main psychological, physical, and social domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 8.86 (SD ± 4.54 years) with a range between 2 and 18 years. Among sociodemographic variables, older age, number of hospitalizations, blood transfusions and pain episodes per year were significantly associated with some QoL variables. Although none of the participants in the present study suffered from depression, higher scores on the PSC-35 score were significantly associated with some QoL variables. Conclusion: Multiple admissions, transfusions, and pain episodes negatively affect the QoL of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Because some QoL variables may serve as early predictors of depression, it is recommended to regularly assess the QoL in these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a disease whose consequences have a considerable impact on the quality of the patient’s life. It is a widespread disease that has a disabling impact on life and, in addition to physical changes, brings about a number of psychological and cognitive processes.

The social, political, and cultural scene of post-world war II America witnessed considerable changes where lack of communication, meaninglessness, solitude, class distinction, and other related issues prevailed, stripping man of his humanity. In the mid-twentieth century, dramatists including Edward Albee, among other writers, tried to revive a new vitalized social ideology to transform the current mode of human's thought whose effect exceeded the limits leading man to segregate himself from others. Albee was resentful of the cultural orientation during his time and he criticized the contemporary social standards in his attempt to sublimate human's life experiences partly as a self-healing process, and partly as his contribution to creating a new wave of humanistic culture. In The Zoo Story, he voices human suffering proving that both an introvert (Peter) and an extrovert (Jerry) are victims of the social norms and are struggling with the imposed socio-cultural regulations. However, the type of personality traits proves to be decisive in redirecting the mode of human thought and can help to bring an individual back again to socialites where communication is the core. The aim of this research is to elucidate how human nature may interact with each other and with the varying situations in life to create new perspectives on humanistic culture, or in a broader context, to create a new ideology away from the psychological death of post-world war II modern man.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the level of physical activity (PA). However, little is known about its effect on health outcomes.MethodsArticles without language restrictions published from the database inception through March 16, 2022, were retrieved using the CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. High-quality articles assessing the effect of PA on psychological and behavioral problems. Additionally, PA, QoL, and/or sleep problems before and during the pandemic were included. Articles without data regarding PA or involving non-general populations were excluded. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Data quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis if heterogenicity was high (I2 ≥ 50%). The relationship between PA and psychological and behavioral problems; and changes in PA, QoL, and sleeping patterns before and during the pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents were investigated. A meta-analysis was conducted; odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MD), and standardized MDs (SMDs) were calculated.ResultsThirty-four articles involving 66,857 participants were included. The results showed an overall significant protective effect between PA and psychological and/or behavioral problems (OR = 0.677; 95% CI = 0.630, 0.728; p-value

Background: Suicidal behavior, especially in young populations such as university students, is currently one of the most concerning health problems worldwide, suicide being the second leading cause of death among students. Although literature is still scarce, one of the risk factors that correlates the most with suicidal behavior in young people appears to be problematic internet use (PIU). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior in a Spanish university population. Method: An ex post facto prospective design was used with a sample of 1,386 Spanish university students (68.7% women and 31.3% men). PIU was assessed by means of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and psychological problems by means of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Results: The results confirm the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior, principally alongside those of social isolation and depression, this risk being 3.78 times higher among women with PIU and 5.58 times higher in men. Conclusions: PIU appears as a risk factor for suicidal behavior that must be taken into account together with social isolation, subjective distress and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Preventive/regular health checkups have gained prominence over the past decade due to lifestyle-associated risks. The association of physical health checkups and mental health with "well-being," remains unclear. Most of the time less attention is given to psychological health and its importance in physical health and disease. Patients with chronic illness may encounter irreversible changes in health status and may lead to mortality. This is closely related to psychological distress and approximately 6%–34% of the patients with chronic illness developed depression. The objective of the present study is to find the correlation between the psychological well-being and chronic disease of people attending the executive health checkup. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital at Belagavi. The study enrolled 768 individuals based on 52% prevalence of hypertension reporting for an executive health checkup and evaluated their demographic profile and adapted "The Scales of Psychological Well-Being" SPARQ tool of (18 items) questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.06 ± 32.94 years and a M: F ratio was 2:1. Multiple linear regression equation of psychological wellbeing of patients (Y) in terms of parameters of chronic diseases was found to be under psychological wellbeing (Y) =331.1862-0.1378 BMI-0.0368SBP-0.7161DBP-0.2030 FBS + 0.2727 PPBS-30.8144 HBA1C-0.0682 cholesterol. Conclusions: There is a significant and negative relationship between psychological well-being with parameters of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health-care system has encountered exceptional circumstances, experiencing unique challenges, and manifesting as acute challenges in health-care services due to the spread of COVID-19. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to report the difficulties faced by the anesthetists while performing a cesarean section under the subarachnoid block (SAB) in COVID-19 patients at a dedicated COVID Level 3 hospital. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy anesthetists (six consultants and 14 postgraduate) aged 20–40 years performed 60 elective or emergency cesarean sections of known COVID-19-positive gravida patients aged 20–35 years with no comorbidity and no spine abnormality under the SAB. Anesthetist;s responses to the challenges faced while performing procedures wearing the Level 3 personal protective equipment were recorded using a pre-structure self-administered questionnaire. To quantify the intensity of these problems, all the physical and psychological difficulties were graded as mild, moderate, and severe. Results: In the present study, 75% experienced moderate-to-severe sweating, and 60% experienced moderate-to-severe headaches. A total of 45% experienced moderate-to-severe breathlessness. Though there was little difficulty in communication among doctors and staff, almost 75% of anesthetists faced it. The fear of contracting the disease and spreading it to the family members was expressed by 75–80% of anesthetists. Conclusion: The present scenario has increased physical stress and other psychological problems among health workers. Therefore, hospital support with regular psychological counseling sessions is needed for healthcare workers to cope with the current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies have indicated a link between screen exposure and children's mental health, but with the emergence of new screen media and a rise in screen content, uncertainties have grown. Our aim was to investigate the impact of screen use on psychological issues in 2- to 3-year-old children, considering screen time and types of screen media and content., Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants from Shanghai, China, from February to July 2023. Screen use information was collected from children's caregivers via online questionnaire. Psychological difficulties of children were reported by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)., Results: Among the interviewed children, 15.9% had an average daily screen time exceeding 1 hour (h). 52.1% of them viewed inappropriate, non-child-directed screen content, 37.6% were mainly exposed to educational content, and 18.9% watched more fast-paced screen content than slow-paced content. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the use of mobile phones ( β  = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.18), virtual reality (VR) devices ( β  = 2.57, 95% CI: 0.62, 4.53) and computers for more than 30 minutes (min) per day ( β  = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.30) were related to higher SDQ difficulty scores. Watching more fast-paced ( β  = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.35) and more noneducational screen content ( β  = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.66) were also associated with increased difficulty scores., Conclusion: The amount of time spent using computers, mobile phones and VR devices and the proportion of exposure to noneducational content and fast-paced content were significantly associated with psychological problems among 2- to 3-year-old children., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Luo, Guo, Chen, Zhu, Zhu and Jia.)

Abstract Background Most autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions evaluated child outcomes and ignoring the role of parent and family factors on both the immediate- and long-term effects of therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stigma, parent mental health problems, and quality of life and burden in families of children with ASD in Egypt and its risk factors. Seventy parents of ASD children were recruited from two child intervention centers. Participants were divided into two groups based on burden scale: caregivers of moderate burden (n = 27) and caregivers of severe burden (n = 43). All parents were evaluated for demographic data, zarit Burden Interview, socioeconomic scale, symptom checklist–90 (SCL90), Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Results Half of the parents reported significant stigma, particularly caregivers with a severe burden. Caregivers with severe burden had more depression and about twice the frequency of sensitivity and somatization problems, lower QoL (20%) as compared with caregivers with moderate burden. Parents with ASD had many associate factors such as work, male autistic children and their caregiver, age of children and parents, the severity of the condition, and disease duration with burden, stigma, QoL, and mental health problems. Conclusions This study linked the interrelationships between increased burden and stigma, impaired quality of life, and parental mental health problems; the presence of one of these variables was found to increase the risk of other variables.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of different types of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in young adults and determine their associations with problematic smartphone use (PSU).MethodsThe data of the study were collected from local university students through an online questionnaire survey. Demographic information, Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) responses were gathered electronically and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere were 163 male and 307 female respondents were participated in this study. The prevalence of PSU and TMD were 83.6% and 66.4%, respectively. There was a moderate statistical correlation between PSU and TMD among young adults (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of TMD was 1.77 times higher in people with PSU than in those without PSU (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.04–3.06). PSU is a risk factor for pain-related TMD (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.08–3.04) but not intra-articular TMD.ConclusionSubjects showed high prevalence of both TMD and PSU. People with PSU experienced more severe and frequent pain-related rather than intra-articular TMD symptoms than those without PSU. By reducing the problematic smartphone use, the risk factor of TMD might be avoided.

ObjectiveThe current study sought to investigate the effects of perceived stigma and discrimination on epilepsy patients' psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and quality of life.Study designA purposive sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study.Materials and methodsThe sample consisted of 186 patients with epilepsy. The Stigma Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Quality of life in Epilepsy-10 were used to measure the study variables.ResultsFindings showed that both the perception of stigma and discrimination have a significant positive correlation with depression as well as anxiety. Stigma is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 27.8, 15.92, p < 0.001, 0.001, respectively] and explains 12.7 and 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Stigma is also a significant predictor of quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 16.10, p < 0.001] and explains the 7.5% variance that could be attributed to Stigma. Results also indicate that discrimination is a significant positive predictor of depression and anxiety at [F (1, 184) = 32.39, 19.91, p < 0.001] and explains 15 and 9.8 % variance, respectively, that could be attributed to Stigma. However, stigma negatively predicts quality of life at [F (1, 184) = 20.34, p < 0.001] and explains 10 % variance. Non-significant differences were found in all the demographic variables (i.e., gender, socio-economic status, and disease duration), except the quality of life was significantly high among individuals with high Socio-economic status.ConclusionsStigma is significantly higher in epileptic patients and has a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life, recovery, and prognosis. Thus, there is undoubtedly a need to address psychological issues, most notably the stigma associated with illnesses. Psychologists, psychiatrists, other physicians, and care givers of epileptic patients must pay close attention to the stigma in this patient population.

Background: Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the number of female methamphetamine users. Meanwhile, female methamphetamine users are more likely to have psychological problems than male methamphetamine users. The association between diet and psychological problems have been found among nonmethamphetamine user. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake frequency and psychological problems in female methamphetamine users. Materials and Methods: A total of 109 female methamphetamine users, collected from a Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Centre in northern China, participated in the study. All participants completed the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire to assess psychological status. The relation of dietary intake frequency with the SCL-90 score was tested in partial correlation analysis. Multivariable regression models were used to calculate odds ratios to evaluate the association of dietary intake frequency with psychological problems. Results: Of the current female methamphetamine population, 33 participants were diagnosed with psychological problems using SCL-90. In the terms of dietary intake frequency, the frequency of nut intake in the psychiatric symptom group was significantly lower than that in the asymptomatic group. However, there was no difference in the frequency of other food intakes between the two groups. The frequency of nut intake was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 and 8 different symptom clusters of psychopathologies on SCL-90. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the increased frequency of nut intake was associated with a lower risk of psychological problems. Conclusion: In the female methamphetamine population, increasing the frequency of nut intake may reduce the risk of psychological problems for female methamphetamine users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper starts with the research on the early discovery of college students’ psychological problems. Besides, it analyzes the data of the general survey of college students’ mental health in a certain university, the existing data of students with psychological problems, and the questionnaire data of students’ basic information in school. By comprehensively using the decision tree model and Kendall correlation analysis and other methods, using Python and SPSS software to preprocess the data and realize the model, it can obtain a psychological problem prediction model based on the objective behavior data of college students. The model is actually analyzed, and it gets good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]