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"Objective To investigate the predictive value of hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) for endpoint events in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods A total of 1 420 patients with ADHF who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from September 1, 2010, to September 1, 2019, were included in this study, and the corresponding HGI values were calculated. The patients were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of HGI ［group T1（HGI≤0.499%， n=473），group T2（0.499%＜HGI≤1.108%， n=474），group T3（HGI＞1.108%， n=473）］. The endpoints included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The occurrence rates of the endpoints in the three groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves, and the predictive value of HGI for the endpoints was assessed by the multivariable COX proportional hazards model. Results During a follow-up period of 60 months, all-cause mortality was 25.28%, cardiovascular mortality was 13.03%, and MACCE incidence rate was 58.59% in the study cohort. The adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed that all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality decreased with increasing HGI values (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence rate of MACCE among three groups (P>0.05). In the adjusted multivariate COX proportional hazaras model, the increase in HGI was significantly associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR=0.501, 95%CI: 0.336-0.747, P=0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.255-0.754, P=0.003). Conclusion Increased HGI values are significantly associated with decreased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with ADHF, but not with the occurrence of MACCE. "

The aim of this study was to investigate the inner link between the small-world brain network and inhibitory control. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to construct a neurofeedback (NF) training system and regulate the frontal small-world brain network. The small-world network downregulation group (DOWN, n = 17) and the small-world network upregulation group (UP, n = 17) received five days of fNIRS-NF training and performed the color–word Stroop task before and after training. The behavioral and functional brain network topology results of both groups were analyzed by a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), which showed that the upregulation training helped to improve inhibitory control. The upregulated small-world brain network exhibits an increase in the brain network regularization, links widely dispersed brain resources, and reduces the lateralization of brain functional networks between hemispheres. This suggests an inherent correlation between small-world functional brain networks and inhibitory control; moreover, dynamic optimization under cost efficiency trade-offs provides a neural basis for inhibitory control. Inhibitory control is not a simple function of a single brain region or connectivity but rather an emergent property of a broader network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of PD-1 blockade with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has achieved unprecedented clinical success in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to NAC alone, but the underlying mechanisms by which PD-1 blockade augments the effects of chemotherapy remain incompletely elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD45+ immune cells isolated from surgically resected fresh tumors of seven NSCLC patients receiving NAC or neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy (NAPC). Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on FFPE tissues before and after NAC or NAPC from 65 resectable NSCLC patients, and results were validated with GEO dataset. NAC resulted in an increase only of CD20+ B cells, whereas NAPC increased the infiltration of CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD127+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD8+CD127+ and CD8+KLRG1+ T cells. Synergistic increase in B and T cells promotes favorable therapeutic response after NAPC. Spatial distribution analysis discovered that CD8+ T cells and their CD127+ and KLRG1+ subsets were in closer proximity to CD4+ T/CD20+ B cells in NAPC versus NAC. GEO dataset validated that B-cell, CD4, memory, and effector CD8 signatures correlated with therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. The addition of PD-1 blockade to NAC promoted anti-tumor immunity through T and B cells recruitment in the tumor microenvironment and induced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells skewed toward CD127+ and KLRG1+ phenotypes, which may be assisted by CD4+ T cells and B cells. Our comprehensive study identified key immune cell subsets exerting anti-tumor responses during PD-1 blockade therapy and that may be therapeutically targeted to improve upon existing immunotherapies for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive peptides are short amino acid sequences, which can play different physiological roles when released from maternal proteins, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and other biological activities. During the long -term fermentation of ham, many small molecule peptides are produced by the degradation of protein due to the action of endogenous enzymes and microorganisms. Many studies have shown that these peptides have biological activity. In this paper, the production mechanism, functional properties, preparation methods and separation and purification of bioactive peptides in ham were reviewed. The aim was to provide reference for the further development and utilization of bioactive peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]