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1. Salt intake and iodine status of women in Samoa

Author

Land, Mary-Anne, Webster, Jacqui L, Ma, Gary, Li, Mu, Faletoese, Sarah Asi, Ieremia, Merina, Viali, Satu, Faeamani, Gavin, Bell, A Colin, Quested, Christine, Neal, Bruce C, and Eastman, Creswell J

Published
2016

3. Taxing soft drinks in the Pacific: implementation lessons for improving health

Author

Thow, Anne Marie, Quested, Christine, Juventin, Lisa, Kun, Russ, Khan, A. Nisha, Swinburn, Boyd, Thow, Anne Marie, Quested, Christine, Juventin, Lisa, Kun, Russ, Khan, A. Nisha, and Swinburn, Boyd

Abstract

A tax on soft drinks is often proposed as a health promotion strategy for reducing their consumption and improving health outcomes. However, little is known about the processes and politics of implementing such taxes. We analysed four different soft drink taxes in Pacific countries and documented the lessons learnt regarding the process of policy agenda-setting and implementation. While local social and political context is critically important in determining policy uptake, these case studies suggest strategies for health promotion practitioners that can help to improve policy uptake and implementation. The case studies reveal interaction between the Ministries of Health, Finance and Revenue at every stage of the policy making process. In regard to agenda-setting, relevance to government fiscal priorities was important in gaining support for soft drink taxes. The active involvement of health policy makers was also important in initiating the policies, and the use of existing taxation mechanisms enabled successful policy implementation. While the earmarking of taxes for health has been widely recommended, the revenue may be redirected as government priorities change. Health promotion practitioners must strategically plan for agenda-setting, development and implementation of intersectoral health-promoting policies by engaging with stakeholders in finance at an early stage to identify priorities and synergies, developing cross-sectoral advocacy coalitions, and basing proposals on existing legislative mechanisms where possible.

Published
2011

4. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Samoans.

Author

DiBeIlo, Julia R., McGarvey, Stephen T., Kraft, Peter, Goldberg, Robert, Campos, Hannia, Quested, Christine, Laumoli, Tuiasina Salamo, and Baylin, Ana

Subjects
METABOLIC syndrome, FOOD habits, NATURAL foods, PROCESSED foods, LOW-cholesterol diet, EPIDEMICS, CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic levels in the Samoan Islands. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2002-2003, dietary patterns were described among American Samoan (n = 723) and Samoan (n = 785) adults (⩾ 18 y) to identify neo-traditional and modern eating patterns and to relate these patterns to the presence of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel Ill criteria. The neo-traditional dietary pattern, similar across both polities, was characterized by high intake of local foods, including crab/lobster, coconut products, and taro, and low intake of processed foods, including potato chips and soda. The modern pattern, also similar across both polities, was characterized by high intake of processed foods such as rice, potato chips, cake, and pancakes and low intake of local foods. The neo-traditional dietary pattern was associated with significantly higher serum HDL-cholesterol in American Samoa (P-trend = 0.05) and a decrease in abdominal circumference in American Samoa and Samoa (P-trend = 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). An inverse association was found with metabolic syndrome, although it did not reach significance (P = 0.23 in American Samoa; P = 0.13 in Samoa). The modern pattern was significantly positively associated with metabolic syndrome in Samoa (prevalence ratio = 1.21 for the fifth compared with first quintile; 95% CI: 0.93.1.57; P-trend = 0.05) and with increased serum triglyceride levels in both polities (P < 0.05). Reduced intake of processed foods high in refined grains and adherence to a neo-traditional eating pattern characterized by plant-based fiber, seafood, and coconut products may help to prevent growth in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Samoan islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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