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Objective: The cell-surface of tumor cells is a target for antibody-driven immunotherapy and cell-surface molecules that can be used as biomarker. The well known cell surface receptor Fas (Apo-1, CD95) plays an important role in the mechanisms of induced cell death. Targeting Fas with an antibody or[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)

Objective: The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor initially linked to exogenic carcinogenic agents such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin). In 2011, the tryptophan (TRP) catabolite kynurenine (KYN) was identified as the first endogenous ligand[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)

Objective: Numerous studies on different non-brain cancers indicate Ran (Ras-related nuclear protein), a key protein in the nucleoplasmic transport during interphase and the regulation of mitotic spindle formation, to be involved in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and tumor cell survival. It further[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)

Objective: Following the concept of glioma stem-like cells being the crucial reservoir for self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation of malignant brain tumors and escaping from adjuvant therapy, numerous efforts have been made to exactly characterize them. However, several functional assays and[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: IDH1 mutations are frequent mutations in low-grade glioma (LGG) and secondary high-grade glioma (HGG). These mutations result from heterozygous missense point mutations that mainly affect codon 132. In gliomagenesis the IDH1 mutation is an early event and is associated with a better prognosis.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Cancer stem cells represent a population of tumorigenic cells responsible for tumor development and growth. CD133 antigen has been described as a potential stem cell marker in human glioma that might act as biomarker to identify such a tumorigenic population. Due to their high resistance [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: The disparate prognosis between different astrocytic tumors cannot be adequately accounted for by the classical clinical variables, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major cause of treatment failure. The identification of drug metabolizing enzymes within the human blood-brain-barrier[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: IDH1 mutations (mut) occur in more than 70% of WHO grade II and III gliomas and secondary glioblastomas (GBM). The most frequent mutation leads to a specific amino acid change at codon 132. Diagnostics of this mutation are based on DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC), methods[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is frequently used to analyse gene expression. In human astrocytomas, three studies have been performed validating reference genes, however, no systematic analysis of suitable endogenous control genes exists for recurrent tumors and under treatment conditions. Therefore,[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human EGF receptor 2 (Her2) and Ki-67 are important predictive and prognostic markers for making effective treatment decisions. Moreover, changes in these factors due to relapse are seen clinically, however, the frequency and clinical significance[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Background/Aims: The association between postoperative infection and prolonged survival in high-grade glioma is still a matter of debate. Previously we demonstrated that the intracerebral (i.c.) injection of heat-inactivated staphylococcal epitopes (HISE) resulted in a well-defined infux of immunocompetent cells across the blood-brain barrier. The present study investigated the potential antitumoral effect of HISE-immunostimulation in an experimental glioma model. Methods: Wistar rats were intracerebrally implanted with 9L gliosarcoma cells (n=6), 9L cells mixed with HISE (n=12), or phosphate buffered saline (n=4). Tumor growth was measured by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After death due to the tumor burden, the brains were histopathologically assessed for inflammation and oncolysis. A toxicity assay was performed to quantify potential impairment of HISE on tumor cell growth in vitro. Results: Animals treated by HISE showed a significant increase in average survival and even complete regression of an already established mass in one case. Naïve 9L gliosarcomas failed to recruit significant numbers of systemic immune cells. In contrast, concomitant intracerebral HISE inoculation lead to a oncolysis and a distinct peri- and intratumoral infiltration of macrophages, CD8 and CD4 co-expressing T-lymphocytes in two thirds of the tumor-bearing animals. The toxicity screening showed HISE-mediated oncolysis to be ineffective ex vivo. Conclusion: This study describes a novel approach for combatting malignant glioma using inactivated staphylococci as potent immunomodulators. Our results provide an outline for investigating the strategic potential of bacteria as emerging future therapeutics.