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$^{6}$He+$t$ cluster states of exited $^{9}$Li have been measured by 32.7 MeV/nucleon $^{9}$Li beams bombarding on $^{208}$Pb target. Two resonant states are clearly observed with the excitation energies at 9.8 MeV and 12.6 MeV and spin-parity of 3/2$^{-}$ and 7/2$^{-}$ respectively. These two states are considered to be members of K$^{\pi}$=1/2$^{-}$ band. The spin-parity of them are identified by the method of angular correlation analysis and verified by the continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) calculation, which agrees with the prediction of the generator coordinate method (GCM). A monopole matrix element about 4 fm$^{2}$ for the 3/2$^{-}$ state is extracted from the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculation. These results strongly support the feature of clustering structure of two neutron-rich clusters in the neutron-rich nucleus $^{9}$Li for the first time.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors affecting precancerous lesions, and cancer of oral cavity, and to assess efficacy of visual screening for oral mucosal lesions.The medical records of patients older than 30 years of age with history of habitual cigarette smoking or betel quid chewing that received screening for oral mucosal lesions between January 2012 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' age, gender, risk factors, screening findings, and histopathology results of biopsy were included for further analysis.A total of 1341 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 1080 males and 261 females ranging from 30 to 96 years of age, with a mean age of 53.9±13.6 years. After screening, 226 (16.9%) were found to be positive of oral lesions. Among these 226 patients, 69 (30.5%) underwent biopsy under local anesthesia, and the histopathology showed malignancy in 13 (5.8%). All of the confirmed malignant cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Among them, 12 received further staging examination and one was lost to follow-up resulting in unknown stage. The early stage oral cavity cancer (stage I and II) accounted for 84.6% (11/13).The detection rate of early stage oral cavity cancer in our study was reasonable. Therefore, visual screening for oral cavity cancer is recommended for patients with habitual cigarette smoking or betel quid chewing.

An anisotropic viscous Cartesian grid method based on a 2 N tree data structure is developed. The method is capable of handling complex geometries automatically. In addition, viscous boundary layers can be computed with high resolution, using automatically projected high aspect ratio viscous layer grids. Compared with a widely used Octree data structure, the 2 N tree data structure supports anisotropic grid adaptations in any of the coordinate directions. Therefore, key flow features such as shock waves, wakes, and vortices can be captured in a very efficient manner. To handle the adaptive viscous Cartesian grid, an implicit, second-order, finite volume flow solver supporting arbitrary grids has been developed. A linearity-preserving least-squares solution reconstruction algorithm is used to achieve second-order accuracy. Furthermore, several directional adaptation criteria are developed and tested. The overall grid generation, flow simulation, and grid adaptation methodology is then demonstrated for a variety of flow problems, including a case of supersonic turbulent flow over a high-angle-of-attack missile configuration

High-order optimized upwind dispersion-relation-preserving finite difference schemes are used for solving multidimensional acoustic wave propagation problems. The accuracy and the robustness of the schemes are tested for acoustic problems with various geometry and boundary conditions. Excellent agreements between the numerical and the analytical solutions indicate that the high-order optimized upwind schemes minimize not only the dispersion error but also the dissipation error while retaining the numerical stability. The simulation results have also demonstrated that the optimized upwind schemes damp out the spurious short waves automatically without the need of filter or explicit dissipation terms. The overall effectiveness of the high-order optimized upwind schemes is verified. The good numerical result of the problem of acoustic scattering by a sphere suggests that the optimized upwind schemes may be used to solve acoustic problems involving a relatively complex geometry.

Previous study showed that peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) are expressed in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and diazepam was found to inhibit hMCSs viability in high concentration. Midazolam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is widely used as an intravenous sedative in hospital. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) affect a broad spectrum of cellular functions. We tested the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.Bone marrow was collected from 12 patients during the operation of spine internal fixation. Cultivated with basal medium, the hBMSCs were incubated with or without midazolam (0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 µM, respectively). Cell viability were tested with MTS assay after 2, 4, 6 hours respectively. Cell morphology was observed and recorded at 6 hour. After cultivated with osteogentic medium, the hBMSCs were incubated with or without midazolam (5, 10, 15, 20 µM, respectively). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red S staining were measured. Cultivated with osteogentic medium with or without treatment of 15 µM midazolam, the mRNA expression of ALP, type 1 collagen (COL1), Runx2 and PPARγ was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.The treatments of midazolam inhibited cell viability to 85%-16% respectively (p0.05). Rounded up phenomenon with floating cells, Membrane-blebbed cells and cytoplasmic contraction were observed after 10, 15 or 20 µM midazolam treatment. The ALP activity and Calcium deposition of hBMSCs exposed to 15 and 20 µM midazolam was significantly inhibited at 7, 14 and 21 days (p0.05). And the mRNA expression of ALP, COL1 and PPARγ was significantly suppressed in the hBMSCs cultured with 15 µM midazolam (p0.05).Midazolam exert negative effect on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of cultured hBMSCs. During sedation in critical care, the use of midazolam may suppress activity of hBMSCs.

The ${}^{18}$Ne($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,$p$)${}^{21}$Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reactions from the hot CNO cycles to the $rp$ process in type I x-ray bursts. In this work, the resonant properties of the compound nucleus ${}^{22}$Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of ${}^{21}$Na + $p$. An 89-MeV ${}^{21}$Na radioactive beam delivered from the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm${}^{2}$ thick polyethylene (CH${}_{2}$)${}_{n}$ target. The ${}^{21}$Na beam intensity was about $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10$${}^{5}$ pps, with a purity of about 70% on target. The recoiled protons were measured at the center-of-mass scattering angles of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\approx}175.2$${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, 152.2${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, and 150.5${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ by three sets of $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$-$E$ telescopes, respectively. The excitation function was obtained with the thick-target method over energies ${E}_{x}{(}^{22}\text{Mg})=5.5$--9.2 MeV. In total, 23 states above the proton-threshold in ${}^{22}$Mg were observed, and their resonant parameters were determined via an $R$-matrix analysis of the excitation functions. We have made several new ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments and confirmed some tentative assignments made in previous work. The thermonuclear ${}^{18}$Ne($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,$p$)${}^{21}$Na rate has been recalculated based on our recommended spin-parity assignments. The astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the ${}^{18}$Ne($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,$p$)${}^{21}$Na rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate, reaction fluxes, and onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these astrophysical phenomena.

Ablock implicit lower-uppersymmetric Gauss ‐Seidel(LU-SGS)approximatefactorization schemeisdeveloped and implemented for unstructured grids of arbitrary topology including viscous adaptive Cartesian grids. CPU times and memory requirements for the block LU-SGS (BLU-SGS), the original LU-SGS, and a fully implicit scheme (FIS) with a preconditioned conjugate gradient squared solver for several representative test examples are compared. Computational results showed that the block LU-SGS scheme requires about 20 ‐30% more memory than the original LU-SGS but converges many times faster. The BLU-SGS scheme has a convergence rate competitive to and in many cases faster than the FIS while requiring much less memory.

The 18Ne(alpha, p)Na-21 reaction provides a pathway for breakout from the hot CNO cycles to the rp process in type-l x-ray bursts. To better determine this astrophysical reaction rate, the resonance parameters of the compound nucleus Mg-22 have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of Na-21 + p. An 89 MeV Na-21 radioactive ion beam was produced at the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm(2) thick polyethylene target. The recoiled protons were measured at scattering angles of theta(c.m.) approximate to 175 degrees and 152 degrees by three Delta E-E silicon telescopes. The excitation function was obtained with a thick-target method over energies Ex (Mg-22) = 5.5-9.2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis. For the first time, the J(pi) values for ten states above the a threshold in Mg-22 have been experimentally determined in a single consistent measurement. We have made three new J(pi) assignments and confirmed seven of the ten tentative assignments in the previous work. The Ne-18(alpha, p)Na-21 reaction rate has been recalculated, and the astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the Ne-18(alpha, p)Na-21 rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate and the onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these phenomena.

A new method for determination of imidacloprid and damanlin by using HPLC was established. It was carried out on a mu Bondapak C18 column (3.9 mm i.d. x 300 mm) with ACN-MeOH-H2O (60:10:30, V/V) as eluent and detected at 240 nm using photodiode array detector. The results of imidacloprid and damanlin were 3.71% and 15.65% respectively. The standard deviations for imidacloprid and damanlin were 0.88% and 0.76% respectively.

The cardiac and vascular components of the baroreceptor reflex in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) were compared against their counterparts in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). SHR, SHRSP and WKY of 12-16 weeks old were chronically instrumented for intra-arterial recording of blood pressure. Intravenous injections of phenylephrine and nitroprusside were used to challenge their baroreflex. The products of blood pressure change and the half time required for the pressure to return to the control value were used as the quantitative estimation of the blood pressure stabilizing capability. The cardiac component of the baroreflex was obtained from the change in the blood pressure stabilizing capability after blockade of beta and muscarinic receptors by atenolol and atropine, respectively. The vascular component was obtained by subtracting the cardiac component from the total stabilizing capability which was the difference after blockade with a ganglionic transmission blocker, hexamethonium. We found the cardiac component of the baroreflex of the hypertensive rats was significantly less sensitive than that of the WKY. In contrast, the vascular component of the baroreflex of the three strains did not differ significantly. Therefore, we concluded that the 12-16 week old SHRs were able to maintain a stable blood pressure due to the intact vascular component of the baroreflex.

Angular distributions for the elastic scattering of 7Be and 8B by an enriched 208Pb target were measured at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line at Lanzhou (RIBLL). The incident energies of the radioactive beams were about three times the respective Coulomb barriers. A suppressed Coulomb-nuclear Interference Peak (CNIP) is not observed for 8B, a pronounced proton halo nucleus. Optical model fits were performed using Woods-Saxon potentials and the total reaction cross sections deduced. The results are discussed.

A modified cloning procedure was used to obtain large DNA insertions (20 to 30 kb) from Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816 that expressed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) transformation activity in Escherichia coli HB101. Four subclones (16 [in both orientations], 12, and 8.5 kb in size) were constructed from the initial clones. Naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene transformations were investigated in these eight NCIB 9816 clones by a simple agar plate assay method, which was developed to detect and identify potential PAH metabolites. Results indicated that the necessary genes encoding the initial ring fission of the three PAHs in E. coli cells are located in an 8.5-kb EcoRI-XhoI portion, but the lower-pathway genes are not present in a 38-kb neighborhood region. These NCIB 9816 clones could transform naphthalene and phenanthrene to salicylic acid and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, respectively. With the same clones, fluorene was degraded to 9-hydroxyfluorene, 9-fluorenone, and two unidentified compounds. Genetic similarity between the NAH7 upper-pathway genes and the cloned NCIB 9816 genes was confirmed by Southern blot DNA-DNA hybridization. In spite of this genetic similarity, the abilities of the two clusters to transform multiple PAHs were different. Under our experimental conditions, only the metabolites from naphthalene transformation by the NAH7 clone (pE317) were detected, whereas the NCIB 9816 clones produced metabolites from all three PAHs.

Changes in flow cytometric measurement of DNA content can result from electrolytic chemical degradation of mithramycin, ethidium bromide, and propidium iodide during simultaneous measurement of electronic cell volume. Bench electrolysis also degrades these fluorochromes without changing the quantum yields, even when they are complexed to DNA. In the flow cytometer, electrolytic production of chlorine at the anode is the probable cause of this degradation, since exposure of these fluorochromes to chlorine gas produces the same effect. It is therefore advisable to measure the DNA content distribution alone before simultaneously measuring the DNA content and the electronic cell volume. If unavoidable effects on the DNA distribution are present, narrow forward-angle light scatter should be used as the cell size indicator during dual parameter measurements. Modifying instrument design by reversing electrode polarity might eliminate this problem.

Solid waste management is not only an environmental problem but also causes universal economic loss. Within the scope of this study, existing field data for packaging waste management systems in Avcilar Municipality of Istanbul, Turkey, is used to compare the environmental impacts of the current collection method with the alternative collection scenarios. The Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) method is used for the analysis. The field data obtained by the licensed packaging waste collection company of Avc?lar Municipality through field observations. For this stage, a recording system was developed in the sorting facility and the expenditures of 18 different items such as waste amounts, fuel costs, and worker expenses. NAICS codes and expenditure items in the packaging waste sectors were matched. In this study, Scenario 1 (S1), Scenario 2 (S2), and Scenario 3 (S3) were defined as 0% separation rate (mix waste), current separation rate (1.6%), and 50% separation rate. Results show that CH4 is the main contributor to the total GHG emission for S2, while CO2 becomes an equally important emission for S3. The main reason of high CH4 emission in S2 can be the increased amount of mixed waste with organic waste content. The increase of CO2 in S2 compared to S1 can be related to several factors such as more vehicle use and related fuel consumption in S2. There is no significant change for N2O and other emissions between different collection scenarios. Among the three scenarios, S3 has the lowest GHG emission value: 950 t CO2-eq less than S2 and 454 t CO2-eq less than S1. The results show that alternative package waste management systems and better practices have a high potential to reduce GHG emissions in Istanbul and other cities of Turkey.