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11. An Overview of the Skin Microbiome, the Potential for Pathogen Shift, and Dysbiosis in Common Skin Pathologies.

Author

Smith, Anita, Dumbrava, Roberta, Ghori, Noor-Ul-Huda, Foster, Rachael, Campbell, James, Duthie, Andrew, Hoyne, Gerard, Rademaker, Marius, and Bowen, Asha C.

Subjects
HIDRADENITIS suppurativa, SKIN diseases, ATOPIC dermatitis, ROSACEA, DYSBIOSIS
Abstract

Recent interest in the diverse ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that make up the skin microbiome has led to several studies investigating the microbiome in healthy skin and in a variety of dermatological conditions. An imbalance of the normal skin flora can cause some skin diseases, and current culture techniques are often unable to detect a microorganism to further our understanding of the clinical–microbiological correlates of disease and dysbiosis. Atopic dermatitis and rosacea are presentations that GPs often manage that may have an infective or microbiological component and can be challenging to treat. We aim to discuss the implications of the skin microbiome including the impact of dysbiosis on conditions such as these. We will also discuss some clinical pearls for initial and future directions of the management of conditions such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Further research using culture-independent techniques is needed for conditions involving microbial dysbiosis to advance our knowledge of skin disease pathophysiology and guide future management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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13. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN)

Author

Park, Seung Hyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Kim, Kwanghyun, Lee, Seung Won, Yon, Dong Keon, Jung, Sun Jae, Abdeen, Ziad, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Herz, Waleed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Ali, Sheeza, Ali, Kosar, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Nielsen, Henning Bay, Bernini-Carri, Enrico, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Cassell, Ayun, Cham, Akway, Chua, Melvin L. K., Dadabhai, Sufia, Darre, Tchin, Davtyan, Hayk, Dragioti, Elena, East, Barbora, Edwards, Robert Jeffrey, Ferioli, Martina, Georgiev, Tsvetoslav, Ghandour, Lilian A., Harapan, Harapan, Hsueh, Po-Ren, Mallah, Saad I., Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jacob, Louis, Jankovic, Slobodan M., Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kapata, Nathan, Kebede, Yohannes, Khader, Yousef, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja Kokic, Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Kretchy, James-Paul, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Mendonca, Maria da Luz Lima, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Ivan, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo, Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene, Nugmanova, Zhamilya, Oh, Hans, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo Emanuel, Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Radojevic, Nemanja, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Roshi, Enver, Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, Sah, Ranjit, Sakakushev, Boris, Sallam, Dina E., Sathian, Brijesh, Schober, Patrick, Ali, P. Shaik Syed, Simonovic, Zoran, Singhal, Tanu, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Solmi, Marco, Subbaram, Kannan, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, Torales, Julio, Torres-Roman, Junior Smith, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Vieira, Duarte Nuno, Rosa, Sandro G. Viveiros, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zia, Kashif, Zildzic, Muharem, Shin, Jae Il, Smith, Lee, Park, Seung Hyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Kim, Kwanghyun, Lee, Seung Won, Yon, Dong Keon, Jung, Sun Jae, Abdeen, Ziad, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Herz, Waleed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Ali, Sheeza, Ali, Kosar, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Nielsen, Henning Bay, Bernini-Carri, Enrico, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Cassell, Ayun, Cham, Akway, Chua, Melvin L. K., Dadabhai, Sufia, Darre, Tchin, Davtyan, Hayk, Dragioti, Elena, East, Barbora, Edwards, Robert Jeffrey, Ferioli, Martina, Georgiev, Tsvetoslav, Ghandour, Lilian A., Harapan, Harapan, Hsueh, Po-Ren, Mallah, Saad I., Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jacob, Louis, Jankovic, Slobodan M., Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kapata, Nathan, Kebede, Yohannes, Khader, Yousef, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja Kokic, Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Kretchy, James-Paul, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Mendonca, Maria da Luz Lima, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Ivan, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo, Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene, Nugmanova, Zhamilya, Oh, Hans, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Ozguler, Zeynep Ozge, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo Emanuel, Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Radojevic, Nemanja, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Roshi, Enver, Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, Sah, Ranjit, Sakakushev, Boris, Sallam, Dina E., Sathian, Brijesh, Schober, Patrick, Ali, P. Shaik Syed, Simonovic, Zoran, Singhal, Tanu, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Solmi, Marco, Subbaram, Kannan, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, Torales, Julio, Torres-Roman, Junior Smith, Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Vieira, Duarte Nuno, Rosa, Sandro G. Viveiros, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zia, Kashif, Zildzic, Muharem, Shin, Jae Il, and Smith, Lee

Abstract

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the worlds most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories

Published
2023
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14. Mānuka oil based ECMT-154 versus vehicle control for the topical treatment of eczema: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in community pharmacies in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Author

Shortt, Gabrielle, Shortt, Nicholas, Bird, Georgina, Kerse, Kyley, Lieffering, Nico, Martin, Alexander, Eathorne, Allie, Black, Bianca, Kim, Bob, Rademaker, Marius, Reiche, Louise, Paa, Selwyn Te, Harding, Suki, Armour, Mike, and Semprini, Alex

Subjects
ECZEMA, ESSENTIAL oils, DRUGSTORES, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DERMATOLOGIC agents, OINTMENTS, CUTANEOUS therapeutics
Abstract

Background: Eczema is a chronic, relapsing skin condition commonly managed by emollients and topical corticosteroids. Prevalence of use and demand for effective botanical therapies for eczema is high worldwide, however, clinical evidence of benefit is limited for many currently available botanical treatment options. Robustly-designed and adequately powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are essential to determine evidence of clinical benefit. This protocol describes an RCT that aims to investigate whether a mānuka oil based emollient cream, containing 2% ECMT-154, is a safe and effective topical treatment for moderate to severe eczema. Methods: This multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 118 participants from community pharmacies in Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to receive topical cream with 2% ECMT-154 or vehicle control, and will apply assigned treatment twice daily to affected areas for six weeks. The primary outcome is improvement in subjective symptoms, assessed by change in POEM score. Secondary outcomes include change in objective symptoms assessed by SCORAD (part B), PO-SCORAD, DLQI, and treatment acceptability assessed by TSQM II and NRS. Discussion: Recruitment through community pharmacies commenced in January 2022 and follow up will be completed by mid-2023. This study aims to collect acceptability and efficacy data of mānuka oil based ECMT-154 for the treatment of eczema. If efficacy is demonstrated, this topical may provide an option for a novel emollient treatment. The community-based design of the trial is anticipated to provide a generalisable result. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was obtained from Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee (reference: 2021 EXP 11490). Findings of the study will be disseminated to study participants, published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12621001096842. Registered on August 18, 2021 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382412&isReview=true). Protocol version: 2.1 (Dated 18/05/2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. The role of intravascular factors in systemic sclerosis and the effect of various therapeutic agents

Author

Rademaker, Marius

Subjects
610, Dermatology
Abstract

Systemic sclerosis is a disease characterised by reduced blood flow to the skin, the digits and to various organs in the body. The exact initiating factors remain unknown but it is now clear that damage to the vascular endothelium is of primary importance. This results in both morphological changes in blood vessels and functional changes in blood flow which then go on to produce the sclerosis which is the hallmark of the disease. Treatment with the vasodilator nifedipine significantly reduces the number and severity of Raynaud's episodes as well as helping to heal digital ulcers in these patients, although the drug has no demonstrable effect on digital blood flow. This suggests that the mode of action is mediated via a mechanism other than simple vasodilatation. A variety of intravascular factors, including red cell rheology, white cell activation, platelet activity and thrombolysis, have been implicated in this disease. This thesis examines the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis and whether they are amenable to treatment with calcium channel antagonists. The ability of red cells to deform is a critical determinant of the flow through the microvasculature. Using a filtration technique, it is clear that the deformability of red cells from patients with systemic sclerosis is diminished and that this can be significantly enhanced in vitro by calcium channel antagonists. It is likely that the reduced filterability is secondary to an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺, as red cells from patients with systemic sclerosis have increased influx of Ca²⁺ across their membranes which can be blocked ex vivo by nifedipine. This alteration in calcium flux is probably mediated via intracellular cAMP as forskolin, prostacyclin, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, all known modulators of cAMP activity, result in improved red cell filterability. Nifedipine does not however, affect red cell charge which is reduced in systemic sclerosis. In addition, nifedipine does not influence the production of hydrogen peroxide by polymorphonuclear leucocytes which is significantly increased in systemic sclerosis, as measured by whole blood and isolated polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemiluminescence. Calcium channel antagonists do, however, correct the abnormal activation of platelets and the disturbed thrombolysis demonstrated in patients with systemic sclerosis using the novel instrument, the haemostatometer. There is no doubt that the intravascular changes described above influence disease progression in patients with systemic sclerosis. Unfortunately it has not been possible to correlate these changes with disease activity but this reflects the lack of suitable criteria for quantifying 'disease activity'.

Published
1991

17. Acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A mini-review

Author

Frediansyah, Andri, primary, Sallam, Malik, additional, Yufika, Amanda, additional, Sharun, Khan, additional, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad, additional, Chandran, Deepak, additional, Mamada, Sukamto S., additional, Sallam, Dina E., additional, Khader, Yousef, additional, Lemu, Yohannes K., additional, Yusuf, Fauzi, additional, Kretchy, James-Paul, additional, Abdeen, Ziad, additional, Torres-Roman, J. Smith, additional, Acharya, Yogesh, additional, Bondarenko, Anastasia, additional, Ikram, Aamer, additional, Jamil, Kurnia F., additional, Kotfis, Katarzyna, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Smith, Lee, additional, Megawati, Dewi, additional, Rademaker, Marius, additional, Emran, Talha B., additional, Memish, Ziad A., additional, Vento, Sandro, additional, Nainu, Firzan, additional, and Harapan, Harapan, additional

Published
2022
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18. International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis

Author

van Huizen, Astrid M., Menting, Stef P., Gyulai, Rolland, Iversen, Lars, van der Kraaij, Gayle E., Middelkamp-Hup, Maritza A., Warren, Richard B., Spuls, Phyllis I., Schejtman, Adrián A., Egeberg, Alexander, Firooz, Alireza, Kumar, Alur S., Oakley, Amanda, Foulkes, Amy, Ramos, Andrea Machado Coelho, Fougerousse, Anne-Claire, Čarija, Antoanela, Akman-Karakaş, Ayse, Horváth, Barbara, Fábos, Béata, Matlock, Benjamin Hidalgo, Claréus, Birgitta Wilson, Castro, Carla, Ferrándiz, Carlos, Correa, Carolina Cortés, Marchesi, Carolina, Goujon, Catherine, Gonzalez, Cesar, Maldonado-García, César, Hong, Chih-ho, Griffiths, Christopher E.M., Vestergaard, Christian, Echeverría, Christina Mariela, de la Cruz, Claudia, Conrad, Curdin, Törőcsik, Dániel, Drvar, Daniela Ledić, Balak, Deepak, Jullien, Denis, Appelen, Diebrecht, Kim, Dong Hyun, de Jong, Elke M.G.J., El Gamal, Emad, Laffitte, Emmanuel, Mahé, Emmanuel, Sonkoly, Enikö, Colombo, Erika Páez, Vilarrasa, Eva, Willaert, Fabienne, Novoa, Farah D., Handjani, Farhad, Valenzuela, Fernando, Vílchez-Márquez, Francisco, Gonzalez, Gabriela Otero, Krisztián, Gáspár, Damiani, Giovanni, Krnjević-Pezić, Gordana, Pellerano, Graciela, Carretero, Gregorio, Hunter, Hamish J. A., Riad, Hassan, Oon, Hazel H., Boonen, Hugo P.J., Moussa, Iftin Osman, García-Doval, Ignacio, Csányi, Ildíko, Brajac, Ines, Turchin, Irina, Grozdev, Ivan, Weinberg, Jeffrey M., Nicolopoulos, Jenny, Wells, Jillian, Lambert, Jo L.W., Ingram, John R., Prinz, Jörg Christoph, de Souza Sittart, José Alexandre, Sanchez, Jose Luis, Hsiao, Josephine Pa-Fan, Castro-Ayarza, Juan Raul, Maul, Julia-Tatjana, van den Reek, Juul M.P.A., Trčko, Katarina, Barber, Kirk, Reich, Kristian, Gebauer, Kurt Aaron, Khobzei, Kuzma, Maul, Lara V., Massari, Larisa Prpić, Fardet, Laurence, le Cleach, Laurence, Misery, Laurent, Chandrashekar, Laxmisha, Muresanu, Lidia Irinel, Lecluse, Lidian, Skov, Lone, Frez, Ma. Lorna, Babić, Lucija Tomić, Puig, Lluís, Gomez, Luis Castro, Ramam, M., Dutil, Maha, El-Sayed, Mahira Hamdy, Olszewska, Malgorzata, Schram, Mandy Elvira, Franco, Manuel Dario, Llamas-Velasco, Mar, Gonçalo, Margarida, Velásquez-Lopera, Margarita M., Abad, Maria Eugenia, de Oliveira, Maria de Fátima Santos Paim, Seyger, Marieke M. B., Kaštelan, Marija, Rademaker, Marius, Sikora, Mariusz, Lebwohl, Mark, Wiseman, Marni C., Ferran, Marta, van Doorn, Martijn, Danespazhooh, Maryam, Bylaitė-Bucinskiene, Matilda, Gooderham, Melinda J., Polić, Melita Vukšić, de Rie, Menno A., Zheng, Min, Gómez-Flores, Minerva, Salleras i Redonnet, Montse, Silverberg, Nanette B., Doss, Nejib, Yawalkar, Nikhil, Chosidow, Olivier, Zargari, Omid, de la Cueva, Pablo, Fernandez-Peñas, Pablo, Cárdenas Rojas, Paola J., Gisondi, Paolo, Grewal, Parbeer, Sator, Paul, Luna, Paula Carolina, Félix, Paulo Antonio Oldani, Varela, Paulo, Holló, Péter, Cetkovska, Petra, Calzavara-Pinton, Piergiacomo, Ghislain, Pierre-Dominique, Araujo, Raquel Ruiz, Romiti, Ricardo, Kui, Róbert, Čeović, Romana, Vender, Ronald, Lafuente-Urrez, Rosario Fátima, del-Río, Rubén, Gulin, Sandra J., Handa, Sanjeev, Mahil, Satveer K., Kolalapudi, Seetharam A., Marrón, Servando E., Azimi, Seyyede Zeinab, Janmohamed, Sherief R., da Cruz Costa, Sidney Augusto, Choon, Siew Eng, Urbancek, Slavomir, Ayanlowo, Olusola, Margasin, Susana M., Wong, Tak-Wah, Mälkönen, Tarja, Hurtová, Tatiana, Reciné, Tatiana Riveros, Huldt-Nystrøm, Theis, Torres, Tiago, Liu, Tong-Yun, Leonidze, Tsira, Sharma, Vinod Kumar, Weightman, Warren, Gulliver, Wayne, Veldkamp, Wendelien, Clinical sciences, Gerontology, Surgical clinical sciences, Dermatology, Skin function and permeability, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Graduate School, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Methodology, and APH - Personalized Medicine

Subjects
Adult, Consensus, International eDelphi Study, Patients, Methotrexate Dosing Regimen, Dermatology, THERAPY, Psoriasis/therapy, BRITISH-ASSOCIATION, DOUBLE-BLIND, Folic Acid, Surveys and Questionnaires, MANAGEMENT, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Dermatovenerologija, SYSTEMIC TREATMENT, Humans, Psoriasis, 610 Medicine & health, Child, Methotrexate, methotrexate in psoriasis, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], EFFICACY, RANDOMIZED-TRIAL, DERMATOLOGISTS GUIDELINES, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 5], CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS, MODERATE, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Dermatovenerology
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 251813.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) IMPORTANCE: A clear dosing regimen for methotrexate in psoriasis is lacking, and this might lead to a suboptimal treatment. Because methotrexate is affordable and globally available, a uniform dosing regimen could potentially optimize the treatment of patients with psoriasis worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To reach international consensus among psoriasis experts on a uniform dosing regimen for treatment with methotrexate in adult and pediatric patients with psoriasis and identify potential future research topics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Between September 2020 and March 2021, a survey study with a modified eDelphi procedure that was developed and distributed by the Amsterdam University Medical Center and completed by 180 participants worldwide (55 [30.6%] resided in non-Western countries) was conducted in 3 rounds. The proposals on which no consensus was reached were discussed in a conference meeting (June 2021). Participants voted on 21 proposals with a 9-point scale (1-3 disagree, 4-6 neither agree nor disagree, 7-9 agree) and were recruited through the Skin Inflammation and Psoriasis International Network and European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology in June 2020. Apart from being a dermatologist/dermatology resident, there were no specific criteria for participation in the survey. The participants worked mainly at a university hospital (97 [53.9%]) and were experienced in treating patients with psoriasis with methotrexate (163 [91.6%] had more than 10 years of experience). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In a survey with eDelphi procedure, we tried to reach consensus on 21 proposals. Consensus was defined as less than 15% voting disagree (1-3). For the consensus meeting, consensus was defined as less than 30% voting disagree. RESULTS: Of 251 participants, 180 (71.7%) completed all 3 survey rounds, and 58 participants (23.1%) joined the conference meeting. Consensus was achieved on 11 proposals in round 1, 3 proposals in round 2, and 2 proposals in round 3. In the consensus meeting, consensus was achieved on 4 proposals. More research is needed, especially for the proposals on folic acid and the dosing of methotrexate for treating subpopulations such as children and vulnerable patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this eDelphi consensus study, consensus was reached on 20 of 21 proposals involving methotrexate dosing in patients with psoriasis. This consensus may potentially be used to harmonize the treatment with methotrexate in patients with psoriasis.

Published
2022
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19. Acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A mini-review

Author

Frediansyah, Andri, Sallam, Malik, Yufika, Amanda, Sharun, Khan, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad, Chandran, Deepak, Mamada, Sukamto S., Sallam, Dina E., Khader, Yousef, Lemu, Yohannes K., Yusuf, Fauzi, Kretchy, James-Paul, Abdeen, Ziad, Torres-Roman, J. Smith, Acharya, Yogesh, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Ikram, Aamer, Jamil, Kurnia F., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Smith, Lee, Megawati, Dewi, Rademaker, Marius, Emran, Talha B., Memish, Ziad A., Vento, Sandro, Nainu, Firzan, Harapan, Harapan, Frediansyah, Andri, Sallam, Malik, Yufika, Amanda, Sharun, Khan, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad, Chandran, Deepak, Mamada, Sukamto S., Sallam, Dina E., Khader, Yousef, Lemu, Yohannes K., Yusuf, Fauzi, Kretchy, James-Paul, Abdeen, Ziad, Torres-Roman, J. Smith, Acharya, Yogesh, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Ikram, Aamer, Jamil, Kurnia F., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Koyanagi, Ai, Smith, Lee, Megawati, Dewi, Rademaker, Marius, Emran, Talha B., Memish, Ziad A., Vento, Sandro, Nainu, Firzan, and Harapan, Harapan

Abstract

The emergence of acute, severe non hepA–E hepatitis of unknown etiology (ASHUE) has attracted global concern owing to the very young age of the patients and its unknown etiology. Although this condition has been linked to several possible causes, including viral infection, drugs and/or toxin exposure, the exact cause remains unknown; this makes treatment recommendation very difficult. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the clinical manifestations, complemented with laboratory results, case numbers with the global distribution and other epidemiological characteristics, and the possible etiologies. We also provide the proposed actions that could be undertaken to control and prevent further spread of this hepatitis. Since many etiological and pathological aspects of the acute non hepA–E hepatitis remain unclear, further research is needed to minimize the severe impact of this disease.

Published
2022

20. Acceptance and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in a region under Shariah law: A cross-sectional study in Aceh, Indonesia

Author

Rayhan, Muhammad A., Mudatsir, Mudatsir, Nurjannah, Nurjannah, Ichsan, Ichsan, Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Khader, Yousef S., Koyanagi, Ai, Sah, Ranjit, Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G., Mamun, Mohammed A., Lemu, Yohannes K., Bouchra, Assarag, Linguissi, Laure SG., Ikram, Aamer, Sallam, Dina E., Parperis, Konstantinos, Wollina, Uwe, Rademaker, Marius, Vento, Sandro, Usman, Said, Rayhan, Muhammad A., Mudatsir, Mudatsir, Nurjannah, Nurjannah, Ichsan, Ichsan, Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Khader, Yousef S., Koyanagi, Ai, Sah, Ranjit, Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G., Mamun, Mohammed A., Lemu, Yohannes K., Bouchra, Assarag, Linguissi, Laure SG., Ikram, Aamer, Sallam, Dina E., Parperis, Konstantinos, Wollina, Uwe, Rademaker, Marius, Vento, Sandro, and Usman, Said

Abstract

Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptance of and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in the general population of Aceh, a holistic Shariah law implementation province in Indonesia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a quota sampling technique between 1 to 24 September 2021. To determine hypothetical vaccine acceptance, respondents were asked if they were willing to accept vaccines with combinations of either 50% or 95% effectiveness and either 5% or 20% risk of adverse effects. Willingness to purchase was assessed by asking whether the participants would pay for such vaccines at certain price points. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associated determinants. Out of 377 respondents included in the final analysis, 86.5% were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects. The acceptance rate dropped to 45.1% if the risk of adverse effects was 20%. Vaccines with 50% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects were acceptable to 42.2% but the acceptance went down to 17.2% if the risk of adverse effects increased to 20%. Multivariate analysis found that men were twice as likely to accept a vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects compared to females (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI 1.05–3.86). We found that 156/377 (41.3%) of respondents were willing to purchase a COVID-19 vaccine and of these participants 71.1% were willing to pay between Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 50,000–150,000 (US$ 3.33–10.00). In conclusion, the acceptance rate of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine varied based on effectiveness and the risk of adverse effects.

Published
2022

21. Global research profile on monkeypox-related literature (1962–2022): A bibliometric analysis

Author

Sofyantoro, Fajar, Kusuma, Hendrix I., Vento, Sandro, Rademaker, Marius, Frediansyah, Andri, Sofyantoro, Fajar, Kusuma, Hendrix I., Vento, Sandro, Rademaker, Marius, and Frediansyah, Andri

Abstract

The recent monkeypox or mpox outbreak has been a global concern. The present study evaluated the global research outputs, research trends, and topics of published research on monkeypox using a bibliometric approach. The Scopus database was searched for terms associated with "monkeypox" or "monkey pox" up until 19 November 2022. Maps and bibliometric indicators of the retrieved documents were shown and analyzed. A total of 1,422 documents were obtained from Scopus. Other than monkeypox, the most commonly used terms included epidemic, disease outbreaks, smallpox vaccine, and orthopoxvirus. In total, 90.3% of the documents were published between 2002 and 2022. The United States, the United Kingdom, and India were the top three countries in terms of productivity. Most of the institutions were from the United States. The International Journal of Surgery, the Journal of Medical Virology, and the Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease are some of the top journals currently publishing research on monkeypox. Tecovirimat, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), homosexuality, and pandemic are emerging topics related to monkeypox.

Published
2022

22. Monkeypox: Immune response, vaccination and preventive efforts

Author

Ophinni, Youdiil, Frediansyah, Andri, Sirinam, Salin, Megawati, Dewi, Stoian, Ana M., Enitan, Seyi S., Akele, Richard Y., Sah, Ranjit, Pongpirul, Krit, Abdeen, Ziad, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ikram, Aamer, Kebede, Yohannes, Wollina, Uwe, Subbaram, Kannan, Koyanagi, Ai, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Nguendo-Yongsi, H. Blaise, Edwards, Jeffrey, Sallam, Dina E., Khader, Yousef, Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G., Memish, Ziad A., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Vento, Sandro, Rademaker, Marius, Sallam, Malik, Ophinni, Youdiil, Frediansyah, Andri, Sirinam, Salin, Megawati, Dewi, Stoian, Ana M., Enitan, Seyi S., Akele, Richard Y., Sah, Ranjit, Pongpirul, Krit, Abdeen, Ziad, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ikram, Aamer, Kebede, Yohannes, Wollina, Uwe, Subbaram, Kannan, Koyanagi, Ai, Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Nguendo-Yongsi, H. Blaise, Edwards, Jeffrey, Sallam, Dina E., Khader, Yousef, Viveiros-Rosa, Sandro G., Memish, Ziad A., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Vento, Sandro, Rademaker, Marius, and Sallam, Malik

Abstract

Infectious threats to humans are continuously emerging. The 2022 worldwide monkeypox outbreak is the latest of these threats with the virus rapidly spreading to 106 countries by the end of September 2022. The burden of the ongoing monkeypox outbreak is manifested by 68,000 cumulative confirmed cases and 26 deaths. Although monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease, patients can suffer from extremely painful skin lesions and complications can occur with reported mortalities. The antigenic similarity between the smallpox virus (variola virus) and monkeypox virus can be utilized to prevent monkeypox using smallpox vaccines; treatment is also based on antivirals initially designed to treat smallpox. However, further studies are needed to fully decipher the immune response to monkeypox virus and the immune evasion mechanisms. In this review we provide an up-to-date discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding monkeypox virus with a special focus on innate immune response, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccination against the virus.

Published
2022

23. The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis

Author

Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Lee, Keum Hwa, Han, Young Joo, Ryu, Seohyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Yoon, Sojung, Jeong, Gwang Hum, Yang, Jae Won, Lee, Hyo Jeong, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Effenberger, Maria, Eisenhut, Michael, Kronbichler, Andreas, Solmi, Marco, Li, Han, Jacob, Louis, Koyanagi, Ai, Radua, Joaquim, Park, Myung Bae, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B., Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bashour, Hyam, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian, Castro, Franz, Cox, Horace, Davtyan, Hayk, Douglas, Kirk, Dragioti, Elena, Ebrahim, Shahul, Ferioli, Martina, Harapan, Harapan, Mallah, Saad I, Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jankovic, Slobodan, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kebede, Yohannes, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja K., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Mamun, Mohammed, Masic, Izet, Van Minh, Hoang, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise N., Nielsen, Henning B., Nodjikouambaye, Zita A., Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo E., Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Rosa, Sandro, Sah, Ranjit, Sallam, Dina, Schober, Patrick, Singhal, Tanu, Tafaj, Silva, Torres, Irene, Smith Torres-Roman, J., Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Tuychiev, Laziz, Vukcevic, Batric, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zaidi, Zoubida, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Abou Ghayda, Ramy, Lee, Keum Hwa, Han, Young Joo, Ryu, Seohyun, Hong, Sung Hwi, Yoon, Sojung, Jeong, Gwang Hum, Yang, Jae Won, Lee, Hyo Jeong, Lee, Jinhee, Lee, Jun Young, Effenberger, Maria, Eisenhut, Michael, Kronbichler, Andreas, Solmi, Marco, Li, Han, Jacob, Louis, Koyanagi, Ai, Radua, Joaquim, Park, Myung Bae, Aghayeva, Sevda, Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B., Al Serouri, Abdulwahed, Al-Shamsi, Humaid O., Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Baatarkhuu, Oidov, Bashour, Hyam, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian, Castro, Franz, Cox, Horace, Davtyan, Hayk, Douglas, Kirk, Dragioti, Elena, Ebrahim, Shahul, Ferioli, Martina, Harapan, Harapan, Mallah, Saad I, Ikram, Aamer, Inoue, Shigeru, Jankovic, Slobodan, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jesenak, Milos, Kakodkar, Pramath, Kebede, Yohannes, Kifle, Meron, Koh, David, Males, Visnja K., Kotfis, Katarzyna, Lakoh, Sulaiman, Ling, Lowell, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Machida, Masaki, Makurumidze, Richard, Mamun, Mohammed, Masic, Izet, Van Minh, Hoang, Moiseev, Sergey, Nadasdy, Thomas, Nahshon, Chen, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Yongsi, Blaise N., Nielsen, Henning B., Nodjikouambaye, Zita A., Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Oksanen, Atte, Owopetu, Oluwatomi, Parperis, Konstantinos, Perez, Gonzalo E., Pongpirul, Krit, Rademaker, Marius, Rosa, Sandro, Sah, Ranjit, Sallam, Dina, Schober, Patrick, Singhal, Tanu, Tafaj, Silva, Torres, Irene, Smith Torres-Roman, J., Tsartsalis, Dimitrios, Tsolmon, Jadamba, Tuychiev, Laziz, Vukcevic, Batric, Wanghi, Guy, Wollina, Uwe, Xu, Ren-He, Yang, Lin, Zaidi, Zoubida, Smith, Lee, and Shin, Jae Il

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19s case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.

Published
2022
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24. Monitoring methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis: utility of transient elastography

Author

Cheng,Harriet and Rademaker,Marius

Subjects
Targets and Therapy [Psoriasis]
Abstract

Harriet S Cheng,1 Marius Rademaker2 1Dermatology Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; 2Waikato Clinical Campus, Auckland University Medical School, Hamilton, New Zealand Abstract: Increasingly, existing evidence indicates that methotrexate-associated liver injury is related to comorbid risk factors such as diabetes, alcoholism, and obesity, rather than to methotrexate itself. Despite this fact, significant effort continues to be expended in the monitoring of low-dose methotrexate in patients with psoriasis. The gold standard investigation has been liver biopsy, but this is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. As methotrexate-induced liver injury is uncommon, the risk/benefit ratio of liver biopsy has been questioned. Fortunately, a number of new technologies have been developed for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, including transient elastography (TE). TE is a type of shear wave ultrasound elastography, which measures the speed of shear waves used to estimate hepatic tissue stiffness. Several meta-analyses show very high pooled sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis (87% and 91%, respectively) in a variety of chronic liver disorders. It has a negative predictive value for cirrhosis of >90% and a positive predictive value of 75%. Recent European guidelines now advocate the use of TE as the first-line test for the assessment of fibrosis in alcohol- or hepatitis-related liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, including NAFLD, is significantly elevated in patients with psoriasis, TE may be worth considering as a routine investigation for any patient with psoriasis. Although high-quality studies comparing TE with standard liver biopsy in the monitoring of psoriatics on low-dose methotrexate are lacking, the evidence from multiple small cohort studies and case series demonstrates its effectiveness. A recent Australasian position statement recommends that TE should be considered as a routine investigation for monitoring methotrexate therapy, repeated every 3 years if kPa 7.5. Liver biopsy should be considered for patients with a kPa >9.5. Keywords: methotrexate, liver toxicity, transient elastography, FibroScan&reg

Published
2018

26. Adverse effects of topical corticosteroids in paediatric eczema: Australasian consensus statement

Author

Mooney, Emma, Rademaker, Marius, Dailey, Rebecca, Daniel, Ben S, Drummond, Catherine, Fischer, Gayle, Foster, Rachael, Grills, Claire, Halbert, Anne, Hill, Sarah, King, Emma, Leins, Elizabeth, Morgan, Vanessa, Phillips, Roderic J., Relic, John, Rodrigues, Michelle, Scardamaglia, Laura, Smith, Saxon, Su, John, Wargon, Orli, Orchard, David, Mooney, Emma, Rademaker, Marius, Dailey, Rebecca, Daniel, Ben S, Drummond, Catherine, Fischer, Gayle, Foster, Rachael, Grills, Claire, Halbert, Anne, Hill, Sarah, King, Emma, Leins, Elizabeth, Morgan, Vanessa, Phillips, Roderic J., Relic, John, Rodrigues, Michelle, Scardamaglia, Laura, Smith, Saxon, Su, John, Wargon, Orli, and Orchard, David

Abstract

Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 30% of Australian and New Zealand children. Severe eczema costs over AUD 6000/year per child in direct medical, hospital and treatment costs as well as time off work for caregivers and untold distress for the family unit. In addition, it has a negative impact on a child's sleep, education, development and self-esteem. The treatment of atopic eczema is complex and multifaceted but a core component of therapy is to manage the inflammation with topical corticosteroids (TCS). Despite this, TCS are often underutilised by many parents due to corticosteroid phobia and unfounded concerns about their adverse effects. This has led to extended and unnecessary exacerbations of eczema for children. Contrary to popular perceptions, (TCS) use in paediatric eczema does not cause atrophy, hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis, osteoporosis, purpura or telangiectasia when used appropriately as per guidelines. In rare cases, prolonged and excessive use of potent TCS has contributed to striae, short-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration and ophthalmological disease. TCS use can also exacerbate periorificial rosacea. TCS are very effective treatments for eczema. When they are used to treat active eczema and stopped once the active inflammation has resolved, adverse effects are minimal. TCS should be the cornerstone treatment of atopic eczema in children.

Published
2015

29. Teledermoscopy in High-risk Melanoma Patients: A Comparative Study of Face-to-face and Teledermatology Visits.

Author

ARZBERGER, Edith, CURIEL-LEWANDROWSKI, Clara, BLUM, Andreas, CHUBISOV, Dmitry, OAKLEY, Amanda, RADEMAKER, Marius, SOYER, H. Peter, and HOFMANN-WELLENHOF, Rainer

Subjects
TISSUE wounds, SKIN diseases, DERMATOLOGY, MELANOMA, DERMATOLOGISTS
Abstract

Teledermoscopy is considered a reliable tool for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions. We compared the management decision in face-to-face visits vs. teledermatology in a high-risk melanoma cohort using total-body photography, macroscopic and dermoscopic images of single lesions. Patients were assessed both face-to-face and by 4 remote teledermatologists. Lesions identified as suspicious for skin cancer by face-to-face evaluation underwent surgical excision. The teledermatologists recommended "self-monitoring", "short-term monitoring", or "excision". A 4-year monitoring was completed in a cohort of participating subjects. The general agreement, calculated by prevalence and bias-adjusted κ (PABAK), showed almost perfect agreement (PABAK 0.9-0.982). A total of 23 lesions were excised; all teledermatologists identified the 9 melanomas. The greatest discrepancy was detected in "short-term monitoring". During 4-year monitoring one melanoma was excised that had been considered benign. In conclusion, melanoma identification by experts in pigmented lesions appears to be equivalent between face-to-face and teledermatological consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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