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1. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Neural Engineering

Author

Goya, Gerardo F. and Raffa, Vittoria

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are the foundation of several new strategies for neural repair and neurological therapies. The fact that a remote force can act on MNPs at the cytoplasmic space constitutes the essence of many new neurotherapeutic concepts. MNPs with a predesigned physicochemical characteristic can interact with external magnetic fields to apply mechanical forces in definite areas of the cell to modulate cellular behaviour. Magnetic actuation to direct the outgrowth on neurons after nerve injury has already demonstrated the therapeutic potential for neural repair. When these magnetic cores are functionalized with molecules such as nerve growth factors or neuroprotective molecules, multifunctional devices can be developed. This chapter will review some of these new nanotechnology-based solutions for neurological diseases, specifically those based on the use of engineered MNPs used for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. These include the use of MNPs as magnetic actuators to guide neural cells, modulate intracellular transport and stimulate axonal growth after nerve injury., Comment: 35 pages; 6 figures; Chapter 22 of Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to Clinical Applications

Published
2024
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9. Folate Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanotubes and their Selective Uptake by Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells: Implications for their Use as Boron Carriers in Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Author

Ciofani, Gianni, Raffa, Vittoria, Menciassi, Arianna, and Cuschieri, Alfred

Abstract

Abstract: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is increasingly being used in the treatment of several aggressive cancers, including cerebral glioblastoma multiforme. The main requirement for this therapy is selective targeting of tumor cells by sufficient quantities of 10B atoms required for their capture/irradiation with low-energy thermal neutrons. The low content of boron targeting species in glioblastoma multiforme accounts for the difficulty in selective targeting of this very malignant cerebral tumor by this radiation modality. In the present study, we have used for the first time boron nitride nanotubes as carriers of boron atoms to overcome this problem and enhance the selective targeting and ablative efficacy of BNCT for these tumors. Following their dispersion in aqueous solution by noncovalent coating with biocompatible poly-l-lysine solutions, boron nitride nanotubes were functionalized with a fluorescent probe (quantum dots) to enable their tracking and with folic acid as selective tumor targeting ligand. Initial in vitro studies have confirmed substantive and selective uptake of these nanovectors by glioblastoma multiforme cells, an observation which confirms their potential clinical application for BNCT therapy for these malignant cerebral tumors.

Published
2024
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11. Zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenograft Model to Predict Treatment Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Author

Di Franco, Gregorio, primary, Usai, Alice, additional, Piccardi, Margherita, additional, Cateni, Perla, additional, Palmeri, Matteo, additional, Pollina, Luca Emanuele, additional, Gaeta, Raffaele, additional, Marmorino, Federica, additional, Cremolini, Chiara, additional, Dente, Luciana, additional, Massolo, Alessandro, additional, Raffa, Vittoria, additional, and Morelli, Luca, additional

Published
2022
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14. Editorial: Perspectives in neuroscience: mechanical forces for the modulation of axonal mechanics and nerve regeneration.

Author

Raffa, Vittoria, Shefi, Orit, and Falconieri, Alessandro

Subjects
NERVOUS system regeneration, AXONS, NEUROSCIENCES, BIOENGINEERING
Abstract

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. It discusses the role of mechanical forces in axonal mechanics and nerve regeneration. The editorial highlights the importance of understanding the biophysical environment and axonal mechanics in promoting axon regeneration post-injury. It presents several studies that explore the effects of mechanical forces on axonal growth and repair, including the role of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. The editorial suggests that the future of nerve repair lies in the integration of chemical signaling and biophysical stimuli. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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15. Combination of Polymer Technology and Carbon Nanotube Array for the Development of an Effective Drug Delivery System at Cellular Level

Author

Riggio Cristina, Ciofani Gianni, Raffa Vittoria, Cuschieri Alfred, and Micera Silvestro

Subjects
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, Drug delivery, Alginate, NGF, PC12 cells, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Abstract In this article, a carbon nanotube (CNT) array-based system combined with a polymer thin film is proposed as an effective drug release device directly at cellular level. The polymeric film embedded in the CNT array is described and characterized in terms of release kinetics, while in vitro assays on PC12 cell line have been performed in order to assess the efficiency and functionality of the entrapped agent (neural growth factor, NGF). PC12 cell differentiation, following incubation on the CNT array embedding the alginate delivery film, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The achieved results indicate that polymeric technology could be efficiently embedded in CNT array acting as drug delivery system at cellular level. The implication of this study opens several perspectives in particular in the field of neurointerfaces, combining several functions into a single platform.

Published
2009
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16. Folate Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanotubes and their Selective Uptake by Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells: Implications for their Use as Boron Carriers in Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Author

Ciofani Gianni, Raffa Vittoria, Menciassi Arianna, and Cuschieri Alfred

Subjects
Boron nitride nanotubes, Folate, Glioblastoma multiforme, Boron neutron capture therapy, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Abstract Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is increasingly being used in the treatment of several aggressive cancers, including cerebral glioblastoma multiforme. The main requirement for this therapy is selective targeting of tumor cells by sufficient quantities of10B atoms required for their capture/irradiation with low-energy thermal neutrons. The low content of boron targeting species in glioblastoma multiforme accounts for the difficulty in selective targeting of this very malignant cerebral tumor by this radiation modality. In the present study, we have used for the first time boron nitride nanotubes as carriers of boron atoms to overcome this problem and enhance the selective targeting and ablative efficacy of BNCT for these tumors. Following their dispersion in aqueous solution by noncovalent coating with biocompatible poly-l-lysine solutions, boron nitride nanotubes were functionalized with a fluorescent probe (quantum dots) to enable their tracking and with folic acid as selective tumor targeting ligand. Initial in vitro studies have confirmed substantive and selective uptake of these nanovectors by glioblastoma multiforme cells, an observation which confirms their potential clinical application for BNCT therapy for these malignant cerebral tumors.

Published
2008
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17. Zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenografts Identify Chemo-Response in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients

Author

Usai, Alice, primary, Di Franco, Gregorio, additional, Piccardi, Margherita, additional, Cateni, Perla, additional, Pollina, Luca Emanuele, additional, Vivaldi, Caterina, additional, Vasile, Enrico, additional, Funel, Niccola, additional, Palmeri, Matteo, additional, Dente, Luciana, additional, Falcone, Alfredo, additional, Giunchi, Dimitri, additional, Massolo, Alessandro, additional, Raffa, Vittoria, additional, and Morelli, Luca, additional

Published
2021
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24. Use of zebrafish embryos as avatar of patients with pancreatic cancer: A new xenotransplantation model towards personalized medicine

Author

Franco, Gregorio Di, primary, Usai, Alice, additional, Funel, Niccola, additional, Palmeri, Matteo, additional, Montesanti, Ida Elena Rosamaria, additional, Bianchini, Matteo, additional, Gianardi, Desirée, additional, Furbetta, Niccolò, additional, Guadagni, Simone, additional, Vasile, Enrico, additional, Falcone, Alfredo, additional, Pollina, Luca Emanuele, additional, Raffa, Vittoria, additional, and Morelli, Luca, additional

Published
2020
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25. Extremely Low Forces Induce Extreme Axon Growth

Author

De Vincentiis, Sara, primary, Falconieri, Alessandro, additional, Mainardi, Marco, additional, Cappello, Valentina, additional, Scribano, Vincenzo, additional, Bizzarri, Ranieri, additional, Storti, Barbara, additional, Dente, Luciana, additional, Costa, Mario, additional, and Raffa, Vittoria, additional

Published
2020
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26. A Model of a Zebrafish Avatar for Co-Clinical Trials

Author

Usai, Alice, primary, Di Franco, Gregorio, additional, Colucci, Patrizia, additional, Pollina, Luca Emanuele, additional, Vasile, Enrico, additional, Funel, Niccola, additional, Palmeri, Matteo, additional, Dente, Luciana, additional, Falcone, Alfredo, additional, Morelli, Luca, additional, and Raffa, Vittoria, additional

Published
2020
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36. Nano-Oncology: Clinical Application for Cancer Therapy and Future Perspectives

Author

Riggio, Cristina, Pagni, Eleonora, Raffa, Vittoria, and Cuschieri, Alfred

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Nano-oncology, the application of Nanomedicine to cancer diagnosis and treatment, has the potential to transform clinical oncology by enhancing the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy for a wide spectrum of invasive cancers. It achieves this by enabling novel drug delivery systems which target the tumour site with several functional molecules, including tumour-specific ligands, antibodies, cytotoxic agents, and imaging probes simultaneously thereby improving tumour response rates in addition to significant reduction of the systemic toxicity associated with current chemotherapy regimens. For this reason, nano-oncology is attracting considerable scientific interest and a growing investment by the global pharmaceutical industry. Several therapeutic nano-carriers have been approved for clinical use and others are undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. This paper describes the current approved formulations, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, and discusses the overall present status of nano-oncology as an emerging branch of nanomedicine and its future perspectives in cancer and therapy.

Published
2011
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