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Present study was conducted to compare the indigenous, crossbred cattle and buffaloes for the utilization of nutrients, growth and methane emission when fed on a similar diet. A 120-days feeding trial was carried out with six animals each of Murrah buffalo, Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle, each on a similar diet comprising of wheat straw 30% and concentrate 70%. The DM intake (kg/d) was significantly higher for Vrindavani cattle than Murrah buffaloes and Tharparkar cattle. Whereas, the apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar in all the groups. Average daily gain (g/d) was higher in Murrah buffaloes than Vrindavani and Tharparkar cattle. Higher feed conversion ratio was seen in Vrindavani than other two groups which indicate that the Murrah and Tharparkar have better feed efficiency than Vrindavani. The N balance was significantly higher in Murrah followed by Vrindavani and was lowest in Tharparkar. The methane emission (l/kg DMI, l/kg DDMI) was similar among the three groups. It was concluded that Vrindavani cattle showed higher feed conversion ratio than buffaloes and Tharparkar cattle, which signifies later two species are superior in nutrient utilization than former one. In terms of methane production and digestibility of nutrients, the animals of all three groups were similar.

Aims: Bordetella bronchiseptica is an etiologic agent of bronchopneumonia and progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) in swine. Both toxigenic and nontoxigenic B. bronchiseptica strains have been associated with bronchopneumonia. Monitoring and investigation of outbreaks involving these bacteria require sensitive and accurate identification and reliable determination of the isolates. In the present study, we report the development, optimization and performance characteristics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. bronchiseptica strains. Methodology and Results: A total of 47 isolates of B. bronchiseptica were biochemically identified from 90 pigs suffering from bronchopneumonia maintained in a semi intensive rearing system of organized piggery in Meghalaya. PCR was employed with filamentous hemagglutinin toxin genes (fhaB and fhaC) and fimbrial toxin genes (fim2 and fim3) primers to identify the specific toxin types of B. bronchiseptica. All the 47 isolates were positive for all the toxin genes. The specifity of designed primer pairs was tested by screening some common bacterial species related to the respiratory tract namely, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. No DNA amplifications of the organisms tested could be seen in the specificity test. Amplicon mobility in agarose gels indicate the amplicons are highly stable. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The data presented, establish this PCR as a reliable method for identification and study of adhesins of B. bronchiseptica that may greatly simplify investigations of swine bronchopneumonia and PAR for Indian isolates.

Abstract Background COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure are the leading causes of death in COVID-19 patients. Prone positioning was hypothesized to improve oxygenation in ARDS patients and is being studied in COVID-19, but the current evidence is still unclear regarding survival and hospitalization. We aimed to investigate the effect of prone positioning on oxygenation in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS and to examine the factors associated with better/worse outcomes. Methods A retrospective record-based cohort study included all confirmed COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and ARDS who underwent prone positioning admitted to King Fahad Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia, during 2020–2021. Results This study included 75 cases (mean age 60.3 ± 15.7 year, 50 (66.7%) males), and all fulfilled the definition of ARDS. There was a significant improvement in oxygenation (PaO2 and PaO2/FIO2) following prone positioning (53.5 ± 6.8 vs. 60.4 ± 8.2 mmHg, p

المخلص: أهداف البحث: ضائقة داء السكري هي حالة من الضائقة العاطفية التي تنشأ من العيش مع مرض مزمن وعبء التعديلات اليومية للأدوية ونمط الحياة. تدرس هذه الدراسة انتشار ضائقة داء السكري في مرضى السكري من النوع 2 في الأردن والعوامل الاجتماعية والديموغرافية والطبية. طرق البحث: استخدمنا دراسة مستعرضة مع حجم عينة يبلغ 608 مرضى سكري من النوع 2 في الأردن، بين سن 15-80 عاما. قام المشاركون بتعبئة استبيان حيث طلب منهم تقييم مقياس ضائقة داء السكري الخاص بهم. تم استبعاد 32 مشاركا وفقا لمعايير الاستبعاد، مما يؤدي إلى إدراج 576 شخصا في هذه الدراسة. النتائج: إن انتشار ضائقة داء السكري الإجمالي هو 53٪ (25٪ كمرض معتدل و 28٪ كمرض عالي)، والضائقة العاطفية هي الأعلى انتشاراً بين المقاييس الفرعية لضائقة السكري بانتشار إجمالي يبلغ 58.8٪. تظهر البيانات وجود علاقة كبيرة بين ضائقة السكري وعوامل مختلفة بما في ذلك العمر، وجود مضاعفات السكري، نوع الدواء المستخدم، والالتزام بالدواء. الاستنتاجات: أظهرت هذه الدراسة انتشارا عاليا لضائقة داء السكري (53٪) ويجب أن يساعد ذلك مقدمي الرعاية الصحية على معرفة أهمية فحص ضائقة السكري كجزء من إرشادات العلاج، خاصة في المرضى الذين يتناولون عدة أنواع من الأدوية للسكري، والمرضى الذين لديهم مضاعفات طبية سابقة متعلقة بالسكري والمرضى الذين يظهرون انخفاضا في الالتزام بالأدوية؛ وجد أنهم معرضون لخطر الإصابة بمرض السكري في هذه الدراسة. Abstract: Objectives: Diabetes distress (DD) is a state of emotional distress that evolves from living with chronic disease and the burden of daily adjustments of medications and lifestyle. This study investigated the prevalence of DD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Jordan and the related sociodemographic and medical factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 608 patients with T2DM in Jordan, ranging from ages 15 to 80 years. The participants filled out a questionnaire where they were asked to self-assess their DD using the Diabetes Distress Scale. In all, 32 participants were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, which resulted in 576 people being included in this study. Results: The overall prevalence of DD was 53% (25% had moderate distress and 28% had high distress). Emotional distress had the highest prevalence among the DD subscales, with a total prevalence of 58.8%. The data showed a significant association of DD with different factors including age, the presence of diabetic complications, the type of medication used, and medication adherence. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of DD (53%). This finding should raise awareness to healthcare providers about the importance of screening for DD as part of the treatment guidelines, especially in patients who are on multiple medication regimens for DM; patients who have previous medical complications related to DM; and those who exhibit poor adherence to medications, which was found to be a risk factor of DD in this study.

The adoption of data science brings vast benefits to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) including business productivity, economic growth, innovation and job creation. Data science can support SMEs to optimise production processes, anticipate customers’ needs, predict machinery failures and deliver efficient smart services. Businesses can also harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, and the smart use of digital technologies to enhance productivity and performance, paving the way for innovation. However, integrating data science decisions into an SME requires both skills and IT investments. In most cases, such expenses are beyond the means of SMEs due to their limited resources and restricted access to financing. This paper presents trends and challenges towards effective data-driven decision making for organisations based on a 3-year long study which covered more than 85 UK SMEs, mostly from the West Midlands region of England. In particular, this study attempts to find answers to several key research questions around data science and AI adoption among UK SMEs, and the advantages of digitalisation and data-driven decision making, as well as the challenges hindering their effective utilisation of these technologies. We also present two case studies that demonstrate the potential of digitisation and data science, and use these as examples to unveil challenges and showcase the wealth of currently available opportunities for SMEs.

Abstract Background Poor balance associated with increased postural sway is a risk factor for the high incidence of injuries found during specific menstrual cycle phases. This fact led to the hypothesis that female reproductive hormones affect soft tissue and neuromuscular function, reducing postural balance and resulting in a high injury prevalence among female college students. So, the current study aimed to identify the influence of ovulation in association with sex hormone variation across the menstrual cycle on postural sway in college students. Material and methods Forty female college students were enrolled in this study. They were recruited among physical therapy students at Deraya University, New Minya, Egypt. They were aged from 17 to 22 years. They were allocated to a single group. Progesterone and estradiol blood levels were measured to detect the timing of the follicular and luteal phases, and a urine luteinizing hormone (LH) strip test was used to determine when ovulation occurred. The dynamic postural sway index was assessed by using the Biodex Balance system. All measurements were taken on the early follicular (1st–3rd) day, the ovulatory (11th–13th) day, and the mid-luteal phase (21st–23rd) day from the onset of menstruation. Results Statistical analysis showed that the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and overall sway index increased significantly during the ovulatory phase compared to the earlier follicular and mid-luteal menstrual cycle phases in female college students (P 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that increased female sex hormones during ovulation affect postural sway, which may disturb balance and increase the risk of injuries in college students.

Abstract Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) interacts with its ligand (PDL-1) on T cells inhibiting its functioning which may affect the patient's immunological response. Aim Investigate if there is a link between smoking and tissue expression of PDL-1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in lung cancer patients. In addition, the relation of vitamin D with smoking and these biochemical markers. Methods PDL-1 and VDR expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR in 54 lung cancer biopsy samples and 36 controls to prove this hypothesis. Vitamin D levels in the blood were measured using an ELISA. Results Expressions of PDL-1 were significantly upregulated in LC patients than in controls. The highest expression was in stage II and in squamous cell carcinoma followed by small cell carcinoma then adenocarcinoma. However, VDR expressions and vitamin D levels in serum were significantly downregulating in LC patients than in controls. There was a positive correlation between PDL-1expression and duration of smoking but not smoking index. Also, there is an inverse correlation between duration of smoking, smoking index, and VDR. Conclusion Expression of PDL-1 in LC was significantly upregulated and correlated with staging. Interestingly, our current study for the first time explained the role of duration of smoking on PDL-1 and VDR in the pathogenesis of LC. As PDL-1 expression increased with duration of smoking whereas VDR decreased, this novel findings may provide a possible link between the cumulative effect of smoking and the level of expressions of these biomarkers.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that affects >10% of the general population worldwide and has emerged as one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The diagnosis and staging are based on the clinical and biochemical assays. Shear wave elastography is an emerging ultrasound technique that has a potential role in assessing the severity of CKD. However, it is still in the preliminary phase and has yet to be incorporated into the guidelines. Hence, the main purpose of our study is to evaluate the role of shear wave elastography utilizing acoustic radiation force impulse technique in assessing the severity of CKD and to evaluate whether there is any correlation between renal SWV values with serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and renal resistive index. Method: A prospective observational study of comparative cross-sectional design with analytical component comparing two groups, one group being clinical and biochemically proven case of CKD and the other group comprising non-CKD patients. There were 106 patients, with 52 being known cases of CKD and the other 54 being non-CKD patients. Shear wave velocity and renal resistive index were measured in these two groups, and a correlation between SWV, RRI, serum creatinine, and eGFR was made. Results: A cutoff kidney shear wave speed value of 2.49 m/s could be used to discriminate the diseased group from the diseased group with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 84.62%, 87.04%, 86.27%, 85.45% and 85.85% respectively and the mean shear wave velocity decreased with the decrease in eGFR and the mean SWV among the CKD groups were 2.51 ±0.26 m/s for stage 2, 2.34 ±0.25 m/s for stage 3A and 2.24±0.28 m/s for stage 3B and 1.98±0.21 m/s for stage 4 of CKD. There is also a linear positive correlation between SWV and renal resistive index. Renal shear wave velocity values decreased with the increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in the estimated GFR. There was a statistically significant difference between renal SWV values in patients with an estimated GFR greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2 compared to patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD (estimated GFR, <30 mL/min/1.73m2). Conclusion: Our study showed that renal shear wave velocity (SWV) values estimated by ARFI elastography showed a statistically significant difference between patients with CKD and those with normal renal functions. In patients with CKD, the SWV values showed a progressive decline with deterioration of eGFR vis-a-vis an increase in the severity of CKD. A cut-off SWV value of 2.49 m/s or less could differentiate the CKD group from the non-CKD group while having good sensitivity and specificity. Our study also showed that along with RI, SWV values were also found to be helpful in predicting the progression of CKD. Thus, ARFI elastography along with renal Doppler (in addition to eGFR ) evaluation is a potential adjunct imaging method for assessing patients with CKD, especially in the case of diabetic nephropathy where conventional US findings can be equivocal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is one of the rapidly evolving treatment strategies for severe aortic stenosis. Included in this category are inoperable, high, intermediate, and low surgical risk patients. It has varying types of complications that may require urgent surgical or transcatheter interventions to prevent procedural mortality and morbidity. Coronary artery occlusion is a rare and dreaded complication of TAVI. Here, we report a 73-year-old man who was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis and underwent transfemoral TAVI. Unfortunately, during preimplantation balloon valvuloplasty, the patient developed severe hypotension along with ischemic changes on the electrocardiographic monitor. Promptly, coronary angiography was performed which revealed complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery secondary to embolic debris. He was successfully rescued by manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT). MAT results in restoration of coronary flow and reversal of shock condition before completing TAVI procedure.

The adoption of data science brings vast benefits to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) including business productivity, economic growth, innovation and job creation. Data science can support SMEs to optimise production processes, anticipate customers' needs, predict machinery failures and deliver efficient smart services. Businesses can also harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, and the smart use of digital technologies to enhance productivity and performance, paving the way for innovation. However, integrating data science decisions into an SME requires both skills and IT investments. In most cases, such expenses are beyond the means of SMEs due to their limited resources and restricted access to financing. This paper presents trends and challenges towards effective data-driven decision making for organisations based on a 3-year long study which covered more than 85 UK SMEs, mostly from the West Midlands region of England. In particular, this study attempts to find answers to several key research questions around data science and AI adoption among UK SMEs, and the advantages of digitalisation and data-driven decision making, as well as the challenges hindering their effective utilisation of these technologies. We also present two case studies that demonstrate the potential of digitisation and data science, and use these as examples to unveil challenges and showcase the wealth of currently available opportunities for SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ABCD rule is a simple framework that physicians, novice dermatologists and non-physicians can use to learn about the features of melanoma in its early curable stage, enhancing thereby the early detection of melanoma. Since the interpretation of the ABCD rule traits is subjective, different solutions have been proposed in literature to tackle such subjectivity and provide objective evaluations to the different traits. This paper reviews the main contributions in literature towards automating asymmetry, border irregularity, color variegation and diameter, where the different methods involved have been highlighted. This survey could serve as an essential reference for researchers interested in automating the ABCD rule.

Rahman H, Rasedee A, How CW, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10(1):1649-1666. The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the alleged manipulation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images in Figure 8. The authors responded to our queries and were able to provide the original TEM images. The authors explained that the images had intentionally been modified to clear away artefacts created during sample processing. While the journal accepted the original TEM images were available, they were considerably different to those in the published article, and this raised doubts over the validity of the reported results. The decision was made to retract the article and the authors do not agree with this ruling. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. This retraction relates to this paper

This work presents a numerical simulation performed to study the effect of Reynolds number (Re = 80-200) on fluid flow over a square rod attached to two small controlling rods using the Lattice Boltzmann method. For this reason, the spacing ratio between the control rods and main rod varies systematically from g = 0.5-5. Flow has been subdivided into three flow regimes based on spacing ratios. The first flow regime is considered at a small gap (g = 0.5,1, and 1.5), the second flow regime is obtained at a moderate gap (g = 2, 2.5, and 3), and the third flow regime is considered a at large gap (g = 4-5). Five different types of flow modes were noticed in the given flow regimes. The values Re = 200 and g = 5 were found to be critical due to a sudden change in flow characteristics. The maximum value of [Cd.sub.mean] is 0.869 and the largest percent reduction (65.15%) in the mean drag coefficient was found at Re = 200 and g = 2. Key words: vortex shedding, drag and lift forces, lattice Boltzmann method, control rods, passive control method. Nous utilisons la methode de Boltzmann sur reseau pour completer une simulation numerique de l'effet du nombre de Reynolds (Re = 80-100) sur l'ecoulement d'un fluide passant sur une tige carree detachee avec deux petites tiges de controle. A cette fin, le rapport d'espacement entre les tiges de controle et la tige principale est varie systematiquement dans le domaine g = 0.5-5. Le flot d'ecoulement est divise en trois regimes selon les rapports d'espacement. Le premier regime prevaut pour des petits espacements (g = 0.5,1, et 1.5), le second pour des espacements moderes (g = 2,2.5, et 3) et le troisieme pour des espacements importants (g = 4-5). Nous identifions cinq differents modes de flot dans les trois regimes. Nous trouvons que la paire (Re = 200, g = 5) est critique a cause du changement soudain dans les caracteristiques d'ecoulement. Nous trouvons aussi que la valeur maximale de [Cd.sub.mean] est 0.869 et le plus fort pourcentage de reduction du coefficient de trainee est de 65.15 % a (Re = 200, g = 2). Mots-cles : detachement tourbillonnaire, forces de trainee et de soulevement, methode de Boltzmann sur reseau, baguettes de controle, methode de controle passif., 1. Introduction Fluid force analysis over a bluff body have been receiving great interest by many researchers because of the influence of flow-induced vibration on a large number of systems, [...]

This study attempted to explore the potential of sustainable oil palm development in South Halmahera in line with the government policies reflected in the certification scheme including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). Government, academia, a village headman, a non-government organisation and a company officer were involved in data collection. The study was carried out in 2021-2022. The results showed that the stakeholder and the company had similar social, economic, environmental and legal development priorities. Both focused on health, food security, poverty alleviation, education, gender, income, economic impact, and infrastructure. Also, both prioritised efficient natural resource use and eco-friendly technology. The stakeholders emphasised the significance of environmental conservation in achieving sustainability. On the other hand, the company prioritised addressing climate change. The findings also offered two paths to achieve sustainability based on the perspectives of the stakeholder and the company. Surprisingly, both agreed that the environment development pillar of the SDGs plays a pivotal role in attaining ISPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

الملخص: أهداف البحث: سبق وأن تم الإبلاغ عن مضاعفات رئوية مثل الانخماص، والوذمة الرئوية، والانصباب الجنبي، والتشنج القصبي والالتهاب الرئوي خلال الفترة التي تتلو عمليات جراحة القلب. يُعتبر التنفس الضحل المؤدي إلى ضعف وظائف الرئة السبب الرئيس لمضاعفات الجهاز التنفسي. ويمكن قياس انخفاض قوة العضلات التنفسية عن طريق الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى والضغط الزفيري الأقصى الناتج في تجويف الفم. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد انخفاض قوة العضلات التنفسية بعد ثمانية أسابيع من جراحة القلب. علاوة على ذلك، تمت دراسة العلاقة بين وظيفة الرئة وقوة العضلات التنفسية. طرق البحث: في هذه الدراسة المبنية على الملاحظة، تمت دراسة ٤٢ مريضا من مرضى جراحة القلب البالغين (أعمارهم ٦٥ ± ٧ سنوات). كان هناك ١٠ نساء و٣٢ رجلا. تم قياس وظيفة الرئة وقوة العضلات التنفسية قبل العملية وشهرين بعد العملية. النتائج: كانت قوة عضلات الجهاز التنفسي قبل وبعد العملية الجراحية وفقا للقيم المتوقعة؛ حيث كان الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى قبل العملية ٨١.٧٥+/- ٢٢.٠٤سم ماء، وبعد العملية بشهرين ٧٤.٥٦+/- ١٨.٨٦سم ماء. وكان الضغط الزفيري الأقصى قبل العملية ٩٨.٥٥+/- ٢٢.٢٤ سم ماء، وبعد العملية بشهرين ٨٨.٨٦+/- ١٨.١٤سم ماء. وكانت وظيفة الرئة قبل العملية وفقا للقيم المتوقعة، إلا أنه انخفضت بشكل ملحوظ بعد العملية. في زيارة المتابعة بعد العملية بشهرين، وكانت هناك علاقة معتدلة بين الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى وحجم الزفير القسري. الاستنتاجات: أظهرت هذه الدراسة أن قوة عضلات الجهاز التنفسي لم تعرقل، لا سابقا ولا شهرين بعد جراحة القلب. ولكن الآلية المحددة لهذا التعديل في وظائف الرئة ليست مفهومة بشكل واضح. يجب أن تركز التدابير الرامية إلى إعادة تحديد القدرة المثالية للرئة بعد العملية الجراحية على تمارين رئوية مختلفة قبل وبعد العملية. Abstract: Objectives: Pulmonary complications, such as atelectasis, pulmonary oedema, pleural effusion, bronchospasm, and pneumonia, have been reported following cardiac surgery. Shallow breathing leading to impaired lung function is the major cause of respiratory complications. Decreases in respiratory muscle strength can be measured using the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) produced in the oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the decrease in respiratory muscle strength 8 weeks following cardiac surgery. Moreover, the relationship between lung function and respiratory muscle strength was studied. Methods: In this observational study, 42 adult cardiac surgery patients (10 women, 32 men; mean age 65 ± 7 years) were investigated. Lung function and respiratory muscle strength were measured preoperatively and at 2 months postoperatively. Results: The pre- and postoperative respiratory muscle strengths were in accordance with the predicted values. The MIP was 81.75 ± 22.04 cmH2O preoperatively and 74.56 ± 18.86 cmH2O at the 2-month follow-up (p = 0.146). The MEP was 98.55 ± 22.24 cmH2O preoperatively and 88.86 ± 18.14 cmH2O at the 2-month follow-up (p = 0.19). The preoperative lung function was in accordance with the predicted values; however, lung function significantly decreased postoperatively. At the 2-month follow-up, there was a moderate correlation between the MIP and forced expiratory volume (r = 0.59, p = 0 .0078). Conclusions: The respiratory muscle strength was not impeded either before or 2 months after cardiac surgery. However, the exact mechanism for the alteration in lung function remains unclear. Measures to re-establish the ideal postoperative lung capacity should concentrate on different perioperative pulmonary exercises. الكلمات المفتاحية: جراحة القلب, وظيفة الرئة, قوة العضلات التنفسية, الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى, الضغط الزفيري الأقصى, Keywords: Cardiac surgery, Lung function, Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), Respiratory muscle strength

In India, among various diseases that limit livestock production, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) stands first and affects thousands of animals every year. The estimation of loss due to FMD is of paramount importance for designing appropriate control plans. The economic impact studies on various livestock diseases including FMD are very minimal and hence this study assessed the economic loss due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes in few states and overall loss in the country. The total loss estimated comprise of milk yield reduction, unavailability of draught power, distress sale, treatment cost, mortality and opportunity cost of labour based on primary survey undertaken in 10 states and one Union territory. The results revealed that there was variation in loss levels between species and among the study states due to variation in disease incidence and severity levels, productive capacity of the animals, animal health infrastructure in the respective states, etc. The total estimated loss due to FMD in cattle and buffalo was INR 20,897 crore during 2013-14 with wide variation in magnitude across the states studied. The study provided empirical evidence of loss due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes in few states and overall loss in the country.

Abstrak: Kejutan Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter dan Variabel Makro Ekonomi di Indonesia: Suatu Pendekatan Structural Vector Autoregression. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa besar guncangan transmisi kebijakan moneter mempengaruhi variabel makro ekonomi di Indonesia dan sebaliknya, dengan menggunakan model Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa transmisi kebijakan moneter di Indonesia masih lemah dalam mempengaruhi inflasi tetapi sangat kuat dalam merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, guncangan variabel makro ekonomi sangat signifikan dalam mempengaruhi transmisi kebijakan moneter di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), kebijakan moneter, kebijakan makro ekonomi Abstract: Shock of Monetary Policy Transmission and Macroeconomic Variable in Indonesia: A Structural VAR Approach. The purpose of this paper is to find out how much the shock of monetary policy transmission affects macroeconomic variables in Indonesia and vice versa by using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model. The results showed that the transmission of monetary policy in Indonesia only gives a weak influence toward inflation, but it greatly stimulates economic growth. However, the shock of macroeconomic variables influences the transmission of monetary policy in Indonesia significantly. Keywords: Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), monetary policy, macroeconomic policy.

A Staged Z-pinch (H.U. Rahman, F.J. Wessel, N. Rostoker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74:714, 1995), configured for a 100 ns, 2 MJ implosion accelerator, is studied using the 2-1/2 D, radiation-MHD code, MACH2. The Z-pinch is configured as a cylindrical, high-atomic number plasma shell that implodes radially onto a co-axial, plasma target, for example: Xenon onto a 50:50 mixture of Deuterium-Tritium. During implosion a shock develops in the plasma liner, producing a conduction channel at the Xe/DT interface as the mass Xe accumulates, and preheating the DT target. During subsequent acceleration and compression the Xe/DT interface remains stable, even as the outer surface of the Xe shell develops RT instabilities. At peak implosion the simulated fusion-energy yield is 7.6 MJ, producing an energy gain of 3.8.

We simulate fusion in a Z-pinch, where the load is a xenon-plasma liner imploding onto a deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma target and the driver is a 2 MJ, 17 MA, 95 ns risetime pulser. The implosion system is modeled using the dynamic, 21/2D, radiation-magnetohydrodynamic code, MACH2. During implosion a shock forms in the Xe liner, transporting current and energy redially inward. After collision with the DT, a secondary shock forms pre-heating the DT to several hundred electronvolts. Adiabatic compression leads subsequently to a fusion burn, as the target is surrounded by a flux-compressed, intense, azimuthal-magnetic field. The intense-magnetic field confines fusion alpha-particles, providing an additional source of ion heating that leads to target ignition. The target remains stable up to the time of ignition. Predictions are for a neutron yield of 3.0 x 10(19) and a thermonuclear energy of 84 MJ, that is, 42 times greater than the initial, capacitor-stored energy.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dynamic orthotic garments (Thera togs) on foot pressure distribution, postural control, and endurance in children with spastic diplegic CP.Patients and Methods: This is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial involving 34 (8– 10 years) with spastic diplegic CP. The control group received conventional physical therapy (CPT), whereas the study group received CPT in addition to wearing TheraTogs. We recorded foot pressure distribution, trunk control measurement scale, trunk position sense, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale (PBS), and six-minute walking distance (6MWD).Results: Both groups showed improvement. The study group had significant improvement in foot pressure distribution (p-value 0.003, 0.001, < 0.001 for forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot mean pressures respectively, and 0.005, < 0.001, and 0.005 for forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot peak pressures respectively), Pediatric balance scale, The trunk control measurement scale, and Trunk position sense (p-value < 0.001) and six-minute walking distance (p-value 0.029). Our data suggest that adding TheraTogs to conventional physiotherapy improves foot pressure, postural control, and endurance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.Conclusion: Both TheraTogs and conventional physical therapy corrected foot pressure distribution, trunk control, improved balance, and increased 6MWD in children with spastic diplegic CP but the improvement was more significant in TheraTogs group.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05271149. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human microbiome is the complete microorganisms in addition to their genes inhabiting the human body. The gut microbiome is the most important part of the human microbiome. The gut microbiome serves many benefits to the host. It can ferment non digestible substrates, boost the immune system, suppress the growth of harmful microbiota, modulate gut development, metabolize xenobiotics, produce shortchain fatty acids, and produce favorable vitamins to the host. Gut dysbiosisis a factor in many disease states as obesity, various metabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. So novel therapies that can improve the human microbiome especially gut microbiome can be an addition to the conventional therapeutics. Novel therapeutics that improve the gut microbiome includes probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, psychobiotics and some metabolites. Other modalities that affect the microbiome were invented as faecal microbiota transplantation, phages, and emerging miRNAs. Fecal microbiota transplantation is now an approved method for management of patients of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]