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Background: Static postural control disorders have been documented in soccer players suffering from groin pain (GP). Understanding the mechanisms of these disorders is crucial in designing rehabilitation programs., Objectives: To (i) assess static postural control and core stability in soccer players suffering from GP compared to their peers and (ii) explore the relationship between these two parameters., Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 42 male soccer players suffering from GP (GP group: GPG) and 42 healthy players (control group: CG). Static postural control (stabilometric platform) and core stability (core endurance tests) were assessed., Results: Center of pressure velocity in the GPG was significantly higher compared to the CG during bipedal stance on the firm surface with eyes closed (2.66 [95 % CI: 0.86-3.67]; p < 0.01) and on the foam one (p < 0.001) in both conditions; eyes opened (2.88 [95 % CI: 1.42-4.43]) and closed (5.88 [95 % CI: 2.66-9.10]), and on the IL in eyes closed (12.54 [95 % CI: 4.27-20.80]; p < 0.01). Besides, GPG revealed significant (p < 0.001) lower core stability measures compared to CG. No significant associations (p > 0.05) were observed between static postural control and core stability in GPG., Conclusion: Soccer players suffering from GP showed static disorders of postural control compared with their peers. These impairments were not associated with measures of core stability. These findings provide insight into the direction of future research exploring the mechanisms underlying deficits in static postural control in soccer players suffering from GP., Competing Interests: All authors have no financial affiliation (including research funding) or involvement with any commercial organization that has a direct financial interest in any matter included in this manuscript. All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of the maximal level of peripheral fatigue attainable (fatigue threshold) during an all-out intermittent isometric knee-extensor protocol in both younger (24 ± 1 yr, n = 12) and older (60 ± 2 yr, n = 12) participants to provide new insights into the effects of aging on neuromuscular function. Participants performed two experimental sessions, in which they performed 60 maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs; 3 s of contraction, 2 s of relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (F NMES ). Peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre/postexercise decrease in quadriceps twitch force (∆P tw ). Critical force (CF) was determined as the mean force output of the last 12 contractions, whereas W ' was calculated as the area above CF. Although F NMES led to a significant decrease in P tw before performing the 60-MVCs protocol ( P = 0.024), ∆P tw was not different between CTRL and F NMES for both the young group ( P = 0.491) and the old group ( P = 0.523). However, this peripheral fatigue threshold was significantly greater in young versus old participants (∆P tw  = -48 ± 10% vs. -29 ± 13%, respectively, P = 0.028). In CTRL, W' was 55 ± 13% lower in the old group than in the young group ( P < 0.001), but CF was similar (326 ± 10 N vs. 322 ± 12 N, respectively, P = 0.941). ∆P tw was correlated with W' , independently of age ( r 2  = 0.84, P < 0.001). Exercise performance decreases with aging consequent to a lower tolerance to peripheral fatigue. However, the peripheral fatigue threshold mechanism persists with healthy aging and continues to play a protective role in preserving locomotor muscle function during exercise.

Background: Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) commonly occurs during exercise. The comparative effects of different sports on airway responsiveness among prepubertal boys remain to be determined., Objectives: To assess differences in post exercise spirometry between footballers, judokas and a control group in prepubertal boys., Patients and Methods: A total of ninety six prepubertal boys were studied. Bronchial hyper responsiveness (BHR) to exercise challenge test was defined by a diagnosis of baseline spirometry, followed by an incremental exercise test. To date, the best test to confirm EIB may simply be standard pulmonary function testing before and after high-intensity exercise. A 10% or greater post-challenge fall in forced expiratory volume in FEV1 is used as a diagnostic criterion., Results: There was no significant difference in baseline spirometry between all groups (P > 0.05). The post exercise spirometry test revealed the presence of EIB in 16 of 32 (50%) footballers against 9 out of 32 (28.12%) in both judokas and control subjects at 5 min after the exercise. Also, there was a significantly higher decrease (P < 0.05) in mean FEV1 at 5 minuts in footballers (-9.60 ± 6.18) compared to judokas (-5.41 ± 5.85)., Conclusions: The footballers have more BHR than judokas, especially at 5min after the exercise. This may be due to prolonged hyperventilation, atopy and increased exposure to inhaled allergens and pollutants during training and competition.