29 results on '"Regional characteristic"'
Search Results
2. Antibiotic resistance characteristics and risk factors analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Liaoning Province, an area in North China.
- Author
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Yanmeng Wang, Yiling Li, Yuehua Gong, Yuzhen Dong, Jing Sun, and Moye Chen
- Subjects
HELICOBACTER pylori ,DRUG resistance in bacteria ,FACTOR analysis ,RISK assessment ,MICROBIAL sensitivity tests ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms - Abstract
Background. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) keeps rising while the eradication rate continues to decline due to the increasing antibiotic resistance. Regional variations of antimicrobial resistance to H. pylori have been recommended by guidelines in recent years. This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance rate of H. pylori and its association with infected subjects' characteristics in Liaoning Province, an area in north China. Methods. Gastric tissues from 178 H. pylori positive participants without previous antibiotic use within four weeks were collected for H. pylori culture. Antibiotic susceptibility to furazolidone (AOZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LFX), metronidazole (MET), clarithromycin (CLA), and amoxicillin (AMX) were examined with the agar dilution method. Associations between H. pylori resistance and patient characteristics were further analysed. Results. No resistance was observed in AOZ or TC. For LFX, MET, CLA, and AMX, the overall resistance rates were 41.10%, 79.14%, 71.78%, and 22.09% respectively. There were significant differences between resistance to CLA and MALToma (P = 0.021), and between resistance to MET and age (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The primary resistant rates of LEX, MET, CLA, and AMX were relatively high in Liaoning. Treatment effectiveness improvement could be achieved by prior antimicrobial susceptibility tests before antibiotic prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evaluation of regional storage characteristics and external energy input of photovoltaic-derived hydrogen in an air heat exchanged hydrogen storage alloy system
- Author
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Mitsumasa IINO, Masahiro MATSUSHITA, Ikko TAJIMA, and Hideki TOKUYAMA
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hydrogen storage alloy ,energy sotorage ,hydrogen storage ,tempereture control ,solar pv ,regional characteristic ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 ,Engineering machinery, tools, and implements ,TA213-215 - Abstract
In recent years, hydrogen has been attracting attention as a long-term energy storage that can absorb fluctuations of the output of variable renewable energy sources. While there are several hydrogen storage methods, hydrogen storage alloy is one of the most suitable methods for stationary hydrogen storage. Since hydrogen storage alloy’s characteristics of absorption and desorption heavily depends on operating temperature, temperature control is one of the critical issues in the design of the hydrogen storage alloy system. As a new method for controlling alloy’s temperature, the authors have developed the air heat exchanged hydrogen storage alloy system that is supplying an air temperature for hydrogen storage alloy. In this study, the year-round hydrogen balance and the heat input required for temperature control of this air heat exchanged hydrogen storage alloy system are simulated for an independent electric power utilization system using photovoltaic power generation with hydrogen energy storage system assuming arbitrary regions and electric power demand patterns in Japan. Based on the simulation results, the external heat input of the system was systematically evaluated, and the energy-saving performance of the alloy temperature control of the storage alloy system in each region and the feasibility of seasonal energy shift by the hydrogen storage system were evaluated. The results show that the air heat exchanged hydrogen storage alloy system is a highly energy-efficient system that can adjust the temperature using less energy than the heat of alloy chemical reaction heat regardless of the regional variation of temperature or type of electric demand pattern, although the amount of energy input varies depending on the region.
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- 2022
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4. Exploring efficient strategies for air quality improvement in China based on its regional characteristics and interannual evolution of PM2.5 pollution.
- Author
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Geng, Xin-ze, Hu, Jia-tian, Zhang, Zi-meng, Li, Zhi-ling, Chen, Chong-jun, Wang, Yu-long, Zhang, Zhi-qing, and Zhong, Ying-jie
- Subjects
- *
PARTICULATE matter , *AIR warfare , *POLLUTION , *AIR pollution , *AIR quality , *AIR conditioning - Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) harms human health and hinders normal human life. Considering the serious complexity and obvious regional characteristics of PM 2.5 pollution, it is urgent to fill in the comprehensive overview of regional characteristics and interannual evolution of PM 2.5. This review studied the PM 2.5 pollution in six typical areas between 2014 and 2022 based on the data published by the Chinese government and nearly 120 relevant literature. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of interannual and quarterly changes of PM 2.5 concentration. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) made remarkable progress in improving PM 2.5 pollution, while Fenwei Plain (FWP), Sichuan Basin (SCB) and Northeast Plain (NEP) were slightly inferior mainly due to the relatively lower level of economic development. It was found that the annual average PM 2.5 concentration change versus year curves in the three areas with better pollution control conditions can be merged into a smooth curve. Importantly, this can be fitted for the accurate evaluation of each area and provide reliable prediction of its future evolution. In addition, we analyzed the factors affecting the PM 2.5 in each area and summarize the causes of air pollution in China. They included primary emission, secondary generation, regional transmission, as well as unfavorable air dispersion conditions. We also suggested that the PM 2.5 pollution control should target specific industries and periods, and further research need to be carried out on the process of secondary production. The results provided useful assistance such as effect prediction and strategy guidance for PM 2.5 pollution control in Chinese backward areas. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. The Effect of Regional Characteristics, Leverage, Government Complexity, BPK Audit Findings and Opinions on Local Government Financial Performance.
- Author
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Wijayanti, Yulia and Suryandari, Dhini
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FINANCIAL performance ,LOCAL government ,JUDGMENT sampling ,INDEPENDENT variables ,DEPENDENT variables - Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of variables of regional size, region¬al expenditure, regional wealth level, leverage, government complexity, audit findings and opinion of BPK on the financial performance of local government. The population of this research were 129 District / City in Java and Bali TA. 2014-2015. This research used purposive sampling with 202 samples of the reports of BPK-RI audit results in 2014-2015 and IHPS in 2015-2016 . The analytical tool used in this research was mul¬tiple linear regression. The result of this research for variables of regional expenditure and audit opinion have a positive effect, while regional size has a negative effect, the level of regional wealth, leverage, government complexity and audit findings do not affect on the financial performance of the local government. The conclusion of this research is simultaneous testing shows the effect between independent and dependent variables. Size, regional expenditure and audit opinion have significant effect on the financial performance of the local government and the level of regional wealth, leverage, government complexity and audit findings do not have significant affect on the financial performance of the local government [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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6. 賃貸・売買物件データを用いたロフトを備えた住戸の戸数や面積に関する地域別分析
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regional characteristic ,floor area ,housing unit ,loft ,number of units - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the statistical data on the property of the housing units with the loft space. Based on the LIFULL HOME'S data set, the distribution of houses with loft space in Japan and the number of housing units with the loft space are clarified in terms of the regional characteristics. The ratio of loft area in the occupied area by prefecture and the relationship between the loft area and the occupied area are described in this paper., 長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告, 50(95), pp.42-47; 2020
- Published
- 2020
7. AGLOMERASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI: PERAN KARAKTERISTIK REGIONAL DI INDONESIA
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Jamzani Sodik and Dedi Iskandar
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agglomeration ,regional characteristic ,panel data ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of agglomeration of regional economic growth across 26 provinces in Indonesia. The provincial pooling data for the period of 1994-2003 are regressed using generalized least square (GLS) method. Factors affecting the economic growth are considered such as agglomeration, labor force, inflation rates, openness rate of the provinces, and human capital. The study suggests the influence of three variables on the regional economic growth: labor force, inflation rates and the openness rate of the provinces; whereas the remaining two (agglomeration and human capital) are likely to have no effect.
- Published
- 2007
8. Regional characteristics of three kinds of dust storm events in China
- Author
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Wang, Shigong, Wang, Jinyan, Zhou, Zijiang, and Shang, Kezheng
- Subjects
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DUST storms , *WIND erosion , *NATURAL disasters , *METEOROLOGICAL observations - Abstract
Abstract: The regional characteristics of dust storm events including dust storm, blowing dust and floating dust in China have been studied by using the data from 701 meteorological observation stations during 1954–2000. The results are as follows: in China, there are two main areas (the South Xinjiang Region and the Hexi Region) where dust storm events happen the most frequently. The spatial distributions of the three types of dust storm events are different. Dust storms mainly occur in the arid and semiarid areas in Northern China. Blowing dust and floating dust not only occur in those areas, but also in neighboring areas. Compared with dust storm and blowing dust, the floating dust very seldom occurs in high-latitude areas. The frequencies of dust storm events decreased generally during 1954–2000. However, they have gradually increased since 1998. The interannual variations of dust storm events showed some characters including two cycles of 3–4 and 11–12 years. The annual changes of the dust storm events were characterized by a strong unimodal distribution with spring maximum. The daily variation of the dust storm occurrence was remarkable, most of dust storms happened in the afternoon, especially between 18:01–21:00LST. The areas of dust storms could be divided into seven sub-regions. The most frequent areas of dust storms and floating dust were in the South Xinjiang Region, but that of blowing dust was in the Hexi Region. Their maximum interannual variance also happened in both areas. Dust storm events generally occurred most frequently in April in most parts of China, but it happened a little earlier in the Qinghai-Xizang Region and a little later in the Xinjiang Region. The months in which dust storm events occurred more frequently were relatively concentrated in the Northeastern Region and Hetao Region, but were relatively dispersed in the Xinjiang Region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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9. Effects of electric vehicles (EV) on environmental loads with consideration of regional differences of electric power generation and charging characteristic of EV users in Japan
- Author
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Nansai, Keisuke, Tohno, Susumu, Kono, Motoki, and Kasahara, Mikio
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC vehicles , *ELECTRIC power production - Abstract
In order to evaluate the reduction effect of electric vehicles (EVs) on various atmospheric environmental loads, we have performed a life-cycle inventory analysis (LCI), including the installation of charging stations and regional, seasonal and temporal difference of the energy mix of electricity generation. For an EV converted from a small gasoline vehicle, a regional LCI analysis was carried out in the following steps: (1) location of the charging stations, (2) modeling of charging characteristics of station users, (3) calculation of temporal life-cycle emission intensities of CO2, NOx and SOx by region, season and day. Assuming that total traveling distance is 100,000 km, the electricity consumption rate is 0.119 kWh/km and the charging/discharging efficiency is 70%, the average life-cycle emission of CO2 for that EV was 3.6 t-C throughout Japan. However, if we took regional difference into account, the emission ranged over 70–160% of the average amount. It was revealed that the regional difference of the primary energy mix significantly affected the emissions of EVs during the operation phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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10. A Basic Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Public Works in Kochi City
- Author
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Baba, Taichiro, Watanabe, Tsunemi, Baba, Taichiro, and Watanabe, Tsunemi
- Abstract
Due to drastic cut in governmental construction investment and strict enforcement of anti-monopoly law, dango, a complementary and rotational bidding is disappearing, and bidding competition is becoming very cutthroat in many public works. To protect the quality of works and so called dumping bidding, the ministry of land, infrastructure and transport is introducing the comprehensive evaluation method in bidding, which is to evaluate not only price but also technical items such as past performance and a concise construction plan. Some local governments start introducing this approach in bidding. However, there is a concern about this method particular for projects ordered by local governments. Some of those projects do not necessarily require advanced technology; thus, it may be difficult to make difference in evaluation of construction planning among bidders. Items in which scores of each contractor may be rated differently are experience of the same type of construction and existence of qualified engineers. These items seem to evaluate “quality,” technical capability of each contractor. However, there is also criticism that larger scaled contractors can take advantage of these evaluation items because generally they have more experience of implementing similar works and more qualified engineers. This criticism raises another fundamental question: what is the role of small-scaled contractor who do not necessarily pursue enlargement of the company. Thus, the purposes of this research are to discuss the role and importance of the local small-scaled contractor and to discuss an image of the comprehensive evaluation of Kochi City. It is recognized that the regional contribution activity is important to support peoples’ lives in the region. The local small-scale contractor has done these various kinds of regional contribution activities through regardless of volunteer works or contracted construction works. Regional characteristics which the local small-scale contractor
- Published
- 2019
11. Bölgesel asgari ücret uygulaması ve sosyal güvenlik kurum uygulamaları üzerine olası etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
- Author
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Kaya, Hurşit, Topalhan, Türker, and Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Social security ,Minimum wage ,Regional planning ,İşletme ,Social security institutions ,Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri ,Regional policies ,Labour Economics and Industrial Relations ,Regional characteristic ,Territoriality ,Business Administration - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, bölgesel asgari ücret uygulamasının Türk sosyal güvenlik sisteminde yaratacağı olası etkiler ele alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bölgesel asgari ücret uygulamasını Türkiye için öneren raporlarda iller veya bölgeler arasındaki yaşamsal maliyet farklılığını temsil eden farklılıklara yer verildiği görülmektedir. Sadece yaşamsal maliyet farklılıkların olduğu belirtilerek bölgesel asgari ücret uygulamasının Türkiye için önerilmesi veya bu yönde çalışmalara konu edilmesi büyük eksiklikler içermektedir. Çünkü Türk sosyal güvenlik sisteminde asgari ücrete endeksli birçok düzenleme bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle asgari ücret seviyelerinin coğrafi bölgelere göre farklılaştırılarak tespit edildiği bölgesel asgari ücret sisteminin Türkiye'de gelecekte uygulanması halinde Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) uygulamalarında hangi düzenlenmelerin değişikliğe uğrayacağına dikkat çekilmektedir. Ayrıca bu değişikliklerin SGK işlemleri yönünden SGK bütçesi üzerine, sosyal adalet üzerine ve kuşaklar üzerine genel olarak ne gibi etkileri olacağı belirtilmektedir. Bu etkileri değerlendirdiğimizde ise, Türkiye'de asgari ücret seviyelerinin doğrudan bölgesel olarak mahalli komisyonlarca saptandığı bir sistemin SGK işlemleri yönünden aksaklıklar doğuracağı öngörülmektedir. Buna ilaveten, bölgesel asgari ücret düzeylerine göre illerde veya bölgelerde asgari ücrete endeksli SGK uygulamaları farklılaşırsa uzun dönemde gelir, aylık gibi ödemeler yönünden bölgesel farklılıklar ortaya çıkacağına değinilmekte olup SGK işlemleri aracılığıyla ortaya çıkacak bu farklılıkların bölgesel asgari ücret uygulamasından beklenenin aksine uzun dönemde bölgesel dengesizliklerin artmasına veya derinleşmesine hizmet edeceği anlatılmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, Türkiye'de bölgesel asgari ücret uygulamasına geçilmesi halinde uygulamanın rasyonel bir şekilde işletilebilmesi adına SGK işlemlerine dikkat çekilmekte ve katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. In this study, the possible effects of the implementation of regional minimum wage on Turkish social security system are discussed. In the reports which suggest the implementation of regional minimum wage in Turkey, the differences for living expenses between cities and regions are mentioned. The suggestion and study of the implementation of regional minimum wage in Turkey by only considering the differences for living expenses would be lacking since there have been many regulations which are indexed to minimum wage in Turkish social security system. Therefore; in case of the implementation of regional minimum wage in Turkey in the future by differentiating the minimum wage between geographical regions, it is argued that which regulations would change in Social Security Institution (SSI). Besides, what kind of effects of this changes on SSI budget, social justice, and generations are discussed. When we evaluate this effects, it is predicted that a system which minimum wage levels are determined by local commissions in Turkey would create flaws in terms of SSI implementations. In addition, if the SSI implementations indexed to the minimum wage in cities and regions due to the regional minimum wage levels differ, regional differences on the payments like income and salary will take place and this differences will cause to the increase in regional imbalance in the long run. In this regard; under the assumption of the switch to the regional minimum wage in Turkey, SSI implemetations are pointed out in order to have a rational implementation. 153
- Published
- 2019
12. Basic Research on understanding of regional characteristics
- Author
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TAKAGI, Hiroyuki and Takagi, Hiroyuki
- Subjects
regional assessment ,地域アセスメント ,regional characteristic ,地域特性 ,類型化 ,typology ,ソーシャル・キャピタル ,ocial capital - Abstract
本研究では、地域を基盤とした社会福祉実践における地域特性の把握方法と課題を検討するものである。そこで、コミュニティ・オーガニゼーションやコミュニティワークにおける地域特性の把握方法と社会福祉研究の類型化に対する批判について整理した。そのうえで、コミュニティソーシャルワークにおける地域特性の把握と活用方法を取り上げ、類型化に関する近年の動向について整理した。その結果、地域の類型化に対する課題の先送り状況が明らかになった。そして、他分野からのソーシャル・キャピタルを用いた地域類型化やICT の進化に伴う客観的データによる類型化も進んでおり、社会福祉研究においても類型化作業を通して地域とは何かを捉えなおすことの必要性か示唆された。, In this study, to examine the assessment method and challenges of regional characteristics. First of all, we have to organize the criticism of the assessment method and the typology of regional characteristics in the "Community Organization" and "community work". On that basis, we pick up the assessment method and utilization method of regional characteristics in the community social work, was organized for the recent trends in typology. As a result, it was revealed challenges of postponement situation to regional typology. From other research fields is progressing Regional Typology with social capital. Social welfare research and practice need to re-examine the Regional by the Regional Typology has been suggested.
- Published
- 2016
13. Status of Family Support Centers and Users’ Recognition of the Support
- Subjects
ボランティア ,regional characteristic ,子育て支援 ,Family Support Center ,地区特性 ,child care support ,volunteer ,ファミリー・サポート・センター - Abstract
ファミリー・サポート・センターにおける子育て支援の実態と利用者の認識の特徴を明らかにすることを目的に,5 つのファミリー・サポート・センターの運営者及び利用者へ質問紙調査を行った.その結果,会員数は最も多い施設で3381 名,最も少ない施設で100 名であった.活動内容は,保育施設又は学校への送迎及び終了後の預かりが3 つの施設では77 〜 87%である一方,最も少ない施設では4.4%であった.施設利用者の利用動機として「サポーターが自分と一緒に悩み支えてくれそうだ」が最も多い施設で84.2%,最も少ない施設で14.3% であり大きな差が見られた.このように同じファミリー・サポート・センター事業であっても,その規模や活動内容及び利用者の認識は大きく異なることが明らかになった.このような違いについて,各施設の所在地の地区特性と照らし合わせて考察を行った.
- Published
- 2016
14. Etkinlik turizminin destinasyon pazarlamasındaki yeri ve önemi: Tayvan örneği
- Author
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Huang, Yen-Chih, Demirkol, Şehnaz, and Turizm İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı
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Turizm ,Destination ,İşletme ,Taiwan ,Tourism species ,Efficiency ,Regional policies ,Regional characteristic ,Tourism ,Business Administration ,Tourism marketing - Abstract
Etkinlikler, destinasyonun çekicilikleri içinde önemli yer almakta ve son senelerde destinasyon pazarlamasında çok yaygın kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Etkinlik turizmi, ev sahibi destinasyon için olumlu imaj bırakılması ve markalaştırma sağlayabilmek adına sahip olunan doğal ve kültürel çekicilikleri turistlere sunabilmektedir. Tayvan, doğal güzellikleri ve zengin halk kültürüne sahip olan ve turizm potansiyeli yüksek bir ülkedir. Tayvan'da turizm talebini attırmak için çok sayıda etkinlik yapılmakta ve bu etkinliklerin ev sahibi destinasyon için önemli faydaları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ilk bölümde etkinlik çeşitleri ve etkinlik turizmi; ikinci bölümde ise destinasyon pazarlaması ve dünyada bulunan destinasyon pazarlaması açısından başarılı olmuş etkinliklere örnekler sunulmuştur. Son bölümde ise, Tayvan'da yapılan çeşitli turizm amaçlı etkinlik örnekleri, ev sahibi destinasyona etkileri incelenmiş ve gelecek için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Events are an important part of the destination attractiveness and are widely used in destination marketing in recent years. Event toursism can not only help host destination on changing image and branding but also enable tourists to see the natural and cultural attractiveness. Taiwan is a country full of natural beauty and rich culture resource and has very high tourism potential. In order to raise tourism demands, a very big number of events are held in Taiwan and has significant benefit in the host destinations. In this study, the first part explained event types and event tourism, the second part destination marketing and provided successful destination marketing event examples around the world. In the last part, various tourist event examples in Taiwan and some suggestion for future tourism development are provided. 183
- Published
- 2017
15. Study on Regional Characteristics and Exchanges Among Regions in Fukuoka Wide Area
- Author
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Shigeyuki, Kurose, Ichiro, Matsunaga, Shigeyuki, Kurose, and Ichiro, Matsunaga
- Abstract
The economy of Japan has been maturing in the beginning of the 21st century. However, the decrease of population, birth rate, and increase of the aging population are proceeding rapidly especially in local cities. As a result, it will become difficult to maintain functions of communities in the future, and it is also forecasted that regional gaps between cities and villages will become large. Being based on regional characteristics, strengthening a wide area in self-sufficiency and exchanges among regions might be called for. This study aims at clarifying the changes of regional characteristics and exchanges among the regions in the Fukuoka wide area, using statistical data and personal trip survey data over the recent decade, paying attention to a new structure of a wide area including cities and villages. As a result, in the Fukuoka wide area, it was made clear that there were six groups which were classified with principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and they have spread concentrically, and become complicated in the recent decade. It might have been influenced by the changes of population distribution and household composition. Moreover, the exchanges among the regions have been broadened in the recent decade. In the Fukuoka wide area,strengthening both self-sufficiency and exchanges among the regions will become important subjects in future.
- Published
- 2017
16. Socio and Eco Environmental Changes of Kamo River Basin
- Author
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HAGIHARA, Yoshimi, HAGIHARA, Kiyoko, MATSUSHIMA, Toshikazu, and KAWANO, Masanori
- Subjects
Principal Component Analysis ,regional characteristic ,GES Environment ,植生図 ,vegetation map ,GES環境 ,主成分分析 ,地域特性 - Abstract
生活者の視点による水辺環境マネジメントを行うためには,生活者と水辺GES環境の関連構造の背景となる地域特性を把握する必要がある。本研究は鴨川流域の社会・生態環境の変化を明らかにすることである。まず,GES環境調査を行い鴨川流域の空間分布を明らかにする。次に,植生図の変化に着目し土地利用からみた社会・生態環境の変化を考察する。最後に,時間変化を含む主成分分析により地域分析を行い,流域の変化の全容と独自性の大きい地域を把握した。以上より問題の明確化が可能となり,地域特性の変化の情報は水辺環境マネジメントにおいて重要であることが明らかになった。, Regional characteristics can be considered as the background of relationships between Seikatsusha and waterside. This study aims to clarify Socio and Eco environmental changes of Kamo river basin, as important information for participatory environmental management. Firstly, carrying out GES environmental surveys, spatial changes of Kamo river basin are clarified. Secondly, focusing on changes of Kamo river vegetation maps, Socio and Eco environmental changes and the causes of them are considered. By regional analysis using PCA, regional characteristics and changes of them are examined.
- Published
- 2009
17. Numerical Study of Regional Characteristic of Sea and Land Breeze over the Kyushu Region and its Seasonal Variation
- Subjects
seasonal variation ,regional characteristic ,sea and land breeze ,Kyushu range ,regional meteorological model - Abstract
High-resolution regional meteorological model,RAMS,was applied to simulate the sea and land breeze over the Kyushu region.The days of typical sea and land breeze circulation were selected with AMeDAS observation data within the Kyushu area.Simulation results were intensively examined with the observation data,and captured the regional characteristics of sea and land breeze circulation and a typical pattern of sea and land breeze appeared in the Kyushu region.Simulation results indicated that wind speed of land breeze in summer was weaker than other seasons.A seasonal variation for starting time of sea breeze penetration had a difference from one to two hours at the Pacific Ocean side.On the other hand,sea breeze starting time along the inland sea indicated a timed difference of two to three hours, it became clearly that seasonal variation was remarkable by comparing it with other area.The analysis of sea and land breeze circulation shows that wind fields of the Chikushi plain had a different pattern in each season.In addition,we found that maximum wind speed of sea breeze was the strongest in spring, and its height in spring is the lowest than other seasons.
- Published
- 2005
18. A study on the housing and environmental education in Kochi —The present conditions and problems in school education
- Subjects
housing and environmental education ,regional characteristic ,住環境 ,教育支援 ,住まい・まち・環境教育(住・環境教育) ,school education ,地域特性 ,学校教育 ,housing environment ,educational support - Published
- 2004
19. Vergi gelirlerini belirleyen faktörlerin bölgesel analizi: Türkiye örneği
- Author
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Sağdiç, Ersin Nail, Karaaslan, Ahmet, and Maliye Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Maliye ,Income tax ,Regional factors ,Incomes ,Panel data models ,Taxes ,Regional characteristic ,Tax revenues ,Finance - Abstract
Devletin asli ve diğer görevlerini yerini getirebilmek amacıyla ihtiyaç duyduğu finansman kaynaklarının başında vergiler gelmektedir. Vergiler sadece bir kamu geliri olmayıp aynı zamanda siyasi, mali, sosyal ve iktisadi açıdan etki yaratan önemli bir araçtır. Bu açıdan devletin hem gelirlerinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturan hem de ekonomik ve diğer sahalarda etkili bir role sahip olan vergi gelirlerinin hangi faktörlerden etkilendikleri ve belirlendikleri ülkeler açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim bir çok ekonomik olgu ya da olayın nedeni veya sonucu olan aynı zamanda devletin en önemli finansman aracı olan vergi gelirlerini Türkiye temelinde incelemek ve analiz etmek bu çalışmanın temel çıkış noktasını oluşturmuştur.Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de vergi gelirlerini belirleyen faktörleri belirleyerek bu faktörlerin vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Türkiye'de vergi gelirleri ve vergi gelirlerini etkileyen temel faktörler coğrafi görselleştirmeler ile incelendikten sonra panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz Türkiye'de veri kısıtı nedeniyle, 1990-2001 yılları arasında iller bazı temelinde, 2004-2011 yılları arasında ise 26 Kalkınma Bölgesi temelinde kategorize edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye'de kişibaşına milli gelir düzeyi, sanayi sektörünün milli gelir içerisindeki payı, hizmetler sektörünün milli gelir içerisindeki payı ve ticari dışa açıklık derecesi vergi gelirlerini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Tam tersine Türkiye'de tarım sektörünün bölgesel açıdan verimli olarak vergilendirilmediği ve vergi gelirlerini negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde kamu harcamaları da bölgesel açıdan vergi gelirlerini negatif etkilemektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca dağılım haritaları ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda, vergi gelirleri ve vergi gelirlerini belirleyen faktörlerin Türkiye'de bölgesel açıdan ciddi bir şekilde farklılaştıkları görülmektedir. Bunun yanında, dağılım haritalarındaki değerlendirmeler sonucunda kişi başına milli gelir düzeyi, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörünün milli gelir içerisindeki payı, ticari dışa açıklık derecesi, şehirleşme oranı, eğitim seviyesi ve demokrasi seviyesinin vergi gelirlerini pozitif yönde etkiledikleri, tam aksine tarım sektörünün milli gelir içerisindeki payı, enflasyon oranı, kamu harcamaları, nüfus yoğunluğu ve terörün ise vergi gelirlerini negatif yönde etkilediklerine dair önemli işaretler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Vergi Gelirleri, Vergi Gelirlerinin Belirleyen Faktörler, Vergileme, Panel Veri Analizi, Bölgesel Vergi Analizi, Türkiye Taxes are among the main sources of finance needed by a state to fulfil its essential and other duties. Taxes are not only a public revenue, but they are also an important tool that has an effect in political, financial, social and economic scales. In this sense, the factors that affect and determine the tax revenues, comprising an important part of a state's revenues and having an influential role in both economy and other fields, carry a huge importance for countries. Thus, the basic starting point of this study is to examine and analyse tax revenues, which are the reason or result of various economic facts or events and which are the most important source of finance as well, on the basis of Turkey.The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of tax revenues and analyse the effects of these determinants on tax revenues. Within this scope, after their analysis via geovisualization, the tax revenues in Turkey and the basic determinants of tax revenues have been examined through Panel Data Analysis. Due to the data constraint in Turkey, the analysis has been categorized on the basis of provinces between the years of 1990-2001 and on the basis of 26 Development Regions between 2004 and 2011. According to the results, GDP per capita, the shares of industry and service sectors in GDP and the ratio of export plus imports to GDP positively affect tax revenues in Turkey. On the other hand, it has been identified that taxes are not collected by efficiently in agriculture sector on a regional scale and that this process affects tax revenues in a negative way. Similarly, public expenditures also affect the regional tax revenues negatively. Besides, as a result of quantile maps and evaluations, it has also been observed that there are serious regional disparities in Turkey in terms of tax revenues and the determinants of tax revenues. Moreover, according to the results obtained from the quantile maps, GDP per capita, the share of industry and service sectors in GDP, the ratio of export plus imports to GDP, the urbanization rate, and levels of education and democracy positively affect tax revenues in Turkey. However, it has also been determined that the share of agriculture in GDP, the inflation rate, public expenditures, population density and terrorism affect tax revenues negatively.Keywords: Tax Revenues, The Determinants of Tax Revenues, Taxation, Panel Data Analysis, Regional Tax Analysis, Turkey 297
- Published
- 2015
20. Assessing the impact of public venture capital programmes in the United Kingdom: Do regional characteristics matter?
- Author
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Laura Toschi, Federico Munari, Federico Munari, Laura Toschi, MANIGART S., WRIGHT M., MUNARI F., TOSCHI L., WRIGHT, M. CUMMING D., SURET J., Munari F., and Toschi L.
- Subjects
business.industry ,SECS-P/08 Economia e gestione delle imprese ,Accounting ,Sample (statistics) ,Venture capital ,ING-IND/35 Ingegneria economico-gestionale ,Human capital ,regional characteristic ,UNITED KINGDOM ,VENTURE CAPITAL ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Agency (sociology) ,Portfolio ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,Venture Capital ,Public Policies ,Regional Characteristics ,United Kingdom ,regional characteristics ,Business ,SECS-P/09 Finanza aziendale ,Business and International Management - Abstract
Over the last two decades, many governments around the world have implemented programmes to mobilize venture capital (VC) in support of new and innovative firms. In this paper, we analyze whether and how the impact of publicly-supported VC funds varies between high-tech and low-tech regions, when compared to private VC funds. Our analyses on a sample of 898 VC-backed companies in the United Kingdom in the period 1998-2007 show for public VC funds: (a) a greater propensity to invest in early-stage and technology-based sectors, which is especially pronounced in low-tech regions; (b) a greater propensity toward staging and a greater ability to attract partners in syndication, especially in high-tech regions; (c) lower exit rates of investee companies, in terms of IPO/acquisition, as compared to private VC funds. Overall, our findings confirm that regional characteristics do matter if we want to more rigorously assess the effectiveness of public VC programmes.
- Published
- 2015
21. Determinants of regional consumption disparities in Turkey and statial analysis
- Author
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Akdeniz, Merve, Ekşi, Ozan, and İktisat Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Consumption ,Economics ,Panel data models ,Consumption functions ,Regional differences ,Ekonomi ,Spatial evaluation ,Regional characteristic ,Spatial change ,Household consumption ,Regional distribution - Abstract
Bu çalışma, 2005-2013 yılları için TÜİK Bölgesel Veri datasetini kullanarak, 12 ana mal grubu için Türkiye'nin 26 bölgesindeki (İBBS Düzey 2) hane halkı tüketim alışkanlıklarının farklılıklarını incelemektedir. Tüketici davranışlarındaki bölgesel farklılıklar, Deaton ve Muellbauer (1980) Doğrusal Formda Mükemmele Yakın Talep Sistemi (LA/AIDS) üzerinden modellenmiş ve demografik değişkenler Pollak ve Wales (1981) translation yöntemi kullanarak sisteme tanıtılmıştır. Modelleri tahmin etmek için, panel regresyon analizi için genişletilmiş ortalama grup tahmincisi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, 12 ana tüketim grubunun ve 26 bölgenin her biri için ayrı ayrı harcama ve fiyat esneklikleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar mekânsal analiz için Türkiye haritasına yansıtılmış ve ana mal gruplarının her biri için bölgesel farklılıklar değerlendirilirmiştir. Harcama esnekleri, gıda, alkollü içecekler ve tütün, giyim, sağlık, iletişim, eğitim ve diğer grubundaki mallar için, batı bölgelerdeki tüketim davranışının doğu bölgelerde bulunanlarla aynı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ancak, konut, mobilya, ulaşım, eğlence, restoran ve otel mal gruplarının tüketim alışkanlıkları, batıda ve doğuda farklıdır. Öte yandan, , gıda, alkollü içecekler ve tütün, sağlık, iletişim, eğitim, çeşitli mal grupları için, hane halklarının fiyat değişikliklerine tepkilerinin doğu ve batıda aynı olduğu sonucuna varılabilir. Ancak, giyim, konut, mobilya, ulaşım, eğlence, restoran ve otel gruplarına talep, batı ve doğu bölgelerde farklılık göstermektedir. This study investigates differences in households'consumption patterns in 26 regions of Turkey (NUTS Level 2) and for 12 main consumption groups for years 2005-2013 by using TurkStat Regional Dataset. The regional differences in consumer behavior are modeled via Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) by Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) and demographic variables are introduced to system using translation method by Pollak and Wales (1981). To estimate models, Augmented mean group estimator technique is employed on panel regressions.Within the context of the study, expenditure and own price elasticities are calculated separately for each of 26 regions and 12 main consumption groups. Then, the results are reflected on Turkey's map to carry out spatial analysis and regional disparities in each of main item groups are evaluated.Based on results of expenditure elasticities, one can conclude that consumption pattern for goods in food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco, clothing, health, communication, education, and miscellaneous groups in western areas are the same as consumption pattern of those in eastern areas. However, consumption pattern for housing, furniture, transportation, recreation, and restaurant and hotel commodity groups, are different in the west and the east.On the other hand, results of own-rice elasticity reveal that households' responses to price changes for food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco, health, communication, education, and miscellaneous commodity groups are the same in western and eastern areas. However, it is observed that demand for items of clothing, housing, furniture, transportation, recreation, and restaurant and hotel groups differs for regions in the west and in the east. 83
- Published
- 2015
22. Regional trends in class voting
- Author
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Mağiya, Yusuf, Çarkoğlu, Ali, and Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Socio-economics ,Siyasal Bilimler ,Political Science ,International Relations ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Eastern European countries ,Socio-economic factors ,Voting use ,Regional characteristic ,Regional distribution - Abstract
Sosyoekonomik statü bazlı oy vermenin öneminin azalması son yıllarda literatürde önemli tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bir görüşe göre sosyoekonomik statü bazlı oy verme seviyeleri 2. Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana azalmışken diğer bir görüşe göre ise sabit kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada anket verisinden elde edilen sonuçlarla oluşturduğum makro düzeydeki veriseti üzerinde kesitler-arası zaman serisi analizi uyguluyorum. Ana bulgular Batı ülkelerinde sosyoekonomik bazlı oy verme seviyelerinin 1990-2011 yılları arasında sabit kaldığını gösterirken Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinde aynı dönemde arttığını, Güney Avrupa'da ise azaldığını gösteriyor. Bu çalışmanın literatüre katkısı üç ana maddede sıralanabilir. İlk olarak, ülkelerin tarihi, sosyal ve siyasi özelliklerine göre benzerlik gösterdikleri coğrafi bölgelere göre gruplandırılmaları bu gruplar değişik oy verme örüntüleri gösterebildikleri için faydalı olabilir. İkincil olarak, ülke seviyesinde kullanılan kontrol değişkenleri değişik kurumsal bağlamlarda sosyoekonomik bazlı oy vermenin değişik dinamiklere sahip olabileceğine işaret ediyor. Üçüncü ve son olarak ise sonuçlar ülke seviyesinde kontrol değişkeni kullanmadan sosyoekonomik bazlı oy vermenin zaman içindeki değişimine bakmanın yanıltıcı olabileceğini göstermektedir ki bu ülke seviyesinde kontrol değişkeni kullanmanın öneminin altını çizmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Sosyoekonomik Statü Bazlı Oy Verme, Doğu Avrupa Ülkeleri,Kurumsal Bağlam, Kesitler-Arası Zaman Serisi Analizi There have been fierce debates over the decline in class voting levels. While one group of scholars argues that class voting has been declining in the Western democracies, another, opposing group aims to show that class voting trends have been stable. There exist three shortcomings in the previous class voting literature. First, a majority of these studies focus on Western countries and neglect others. Second, comparative studies are relatively rare. Lastly, the role of country-specific effects has been ignored. The present study offers a cross-regional comparison of class voting trends, including non-Western countries, while also considering the effects of country-level control variables. After conducting analyses on survey-level data to construct the country-level dataset, I conduct time-series-cross-sectional analysis. The findings reveal that in Western democracies class voting levels were stable between 1990 and 2011, while in post-communist countries they increased over the same period. The study makes three main contributions to the literature. First, it demonstrates that a differentiation between regions, in which countries have similar historical, social and political characteristics, is necessary since different regions have different patterns of class voting. Second, country-level control variables suggest that different dynamics of class voting exist under different institutional contexts. Finally, the results demonstrate that assessing time trends in class voting without taking country-specific factors into account may be deceptive and therefore country-level control variables should be included.Keywords: Class Voting, Post-Communist Countries, Institutional Context, Time-SeriesCross-SectionalAnalysis 84
- Published
- 2015
23. Analysis of Damage Amounts due to Natural Disaster among to the Administrative Divisions of Japan : Preparation of Data Base concerned to the Indexes of Regional Characteristics and It's Relationship
- Author
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Amakuni, Kunihiro, Kasaya, Manabu, Enomoto, Takahisa, and Mochizuki, Toshio
- Subjects
Natural Disaster ,Natural, Social and Economic Indexes ,Total Damage Amounts Estimation ,Regional Characteristic ,自然・社会・経済指標 ,Time Historical Change ,地域特性 ,自然災害 ,被害量評価 ,時系列変化 - Abstract
自然災害には、外的要因として自然現象の特徴と規模また内的要因としての全国各地域の自然環境と社会・経済構造などの地域特性が大きく関連すると思われる。そして自然災害には、明らかに地域特性が見られ、災害を都市(地域)の内的要因から見た問題として捉える時、大規模な災害ほどその影響は、他県、他都市、他国にも波及すると思われ、地域社会が受ける被害量は、人的・物的被害の総量や、経済被害の総額で示される被害の値よりも、その地域ごとの自然・社会・経済構造・規模等のさまざまな条件を考慮した地域特性に基づく災害の受容力と関連付けて、より多面的に地域が受ける被害量を評価する必要がある。そして自然災害を把握する上で地域特性は極めて重要でまた災害対策に対しても重要になると考えられる。本研究は、最近に至るまでの可能な限り長い期間にわたり47都道府県の災害史に基づき諸々の資料を収集し、自然災害統計データベースを構築するとともにそれらを分析することにより地域にとっての被害量あるいは災害の実態と災害に内在する災害誘因を明らかにすることを目的としている。筆者らは、すでに外的要因である自然災害による被害諸量について、最近の26年間におよぶデータベースと地域特性に関するデータベースを構築し、若干の分析を進めている。本報告では地域の災害環境を含む空間・社会・経済構造等の特徴と都市化などの時系列変化をマクロ的に分析するために地域特性の各指標を抽出した。自然災害との関連性を分析するために昭和45年(1970年)度から平成7年(1995年)度までの26年間における都道府県別の自然・社会・経済的指標の時系列的変化に着目しデータ収集を行った。また、その結果から認められた地域特性についての分析結果と、地震災害の被害量と地域特性指標の関連性について若干の分析を試みた。, We consider that, as the external factors, the characteristics and scale of natural phenomena And, as the internal factors, the regional environments such as natural, social and economic characteristics are related to the natural disaster. Obviously, the regional characteristics are recognized in the characteristics of natural disaster and when the natural disasters are considered as problems concerned to the internal environments existed in the urban area, the larger the scale of natural disaster is, the wider the influence of disaster spread to the other cities, prefectures and countries gradually. It's better that the total amount of damage which are affected in a regional society must be evaluated from much more multiphase point of view related to the capacity of the acceptable damage amount which is estimated by the regional characteristics such as natural, social, economic situation and scale of region, rather than the total damage such as number human, structure damages and damage amounts. Then we think that the regional characteristics are very important in the recognition of natural disaster and also in the consideration of seismic disaster mitigation. In this paper, we would like to explain the collecting statistical data of damages due to natural disaster occurred in Japan and the statistical data concerned to the regional characteristics during 26 years from 1970 to 1995 in order to prepare the data base for the statistical data of natural disaster and also regional characteristics. Then would like to certificate the total amount of damage or actual phenomena affected to the regional society and also make c1ear the main factor which influence to the natural disaster. We have already reported on preparation of data base for statistical data among to the administrative divisions of Japan and the basic analysis result. Then, each index of the regional characteristic was extracted as a purpose of being final to analyze characteristics such as the spatial, social, economic situation which contains the disaster environment existed in the regional area and time historical change such as urbanization in the macro-scoped point view. We analyze result of the regional characteristic looking from time historical change of natural, social and economical index among to the administrative divisions of Japan during 26 years from 1970 to 1995. And, we tried to analyze the regional characteristics using the data base which has constituted from natural, spatial, social and economic indexes. And, finally, tried to brief analysis about the relationship between the total damage amounts due to natural disasters and regional characteristics, especially in case of seismic disaster.
- Published
- 2000
24. The regional characteristic of the rule form in the feudal clan territory : Dealing with the SAGA feudal clan for the analysis
- Subjects
代官 ,regional characteristic ,蔵入地 ,知行地 ,地域性 ,郡代 - Published
- 1999
25. Türkiye'de açlık ve yoksulluk sınırının bölgesel analizi: 2009-2011
- Author
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Kutluca, Kübra, Atan, Murat, and Ekonometri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Economics ,Consumer price index ,Hunger ,Poverty line ,Ekonometri ,Regional differences ,Econometrics ,Ekonomi ,Regional characteristic ,Poverty ,Regional underdevelopment - Abstract
Dünya üzerinde ve gelişmekte olan Türkiye' de kalkınma sürecinin en önemli maddelerinden biri olan yoksulluk, bilim çevrelerince önemli uğraş alanlarından birisi olmuştur.Ekonomik, sosyal boyutlu gelişmelere paralel olarak ortaya çıkan, yeryüzünde geniş bir coğrafya üzerinde görülen açlık, yoksulluk, açlık ve yoksulluğun tanımı, yoksulluk sınırı seçim yöntemleri, çeşitli yoksulluk endeksleri ve Türkiye'de ki yoksulluğun mekânsal olarak incelenmesi ve irdelenmesi bu çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır.Çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde kavramsal açıdan açlık ve yoksulluk açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde literatürde açlık ve yoksulluk sınırı hesaplama yöntemleri incelenmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde ise açlık ve yoksulluk sınırı için önce Dünya ve sonrasında ise Türkiye literatürü incelenmiştir ve bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Mutlak yoksulluk tanımı üzerinden İBBS 2 bazında TÜİK tarafından açıklanan 2003 bazlı TÜFE harcama ana grupları içinden aylık olarak 2009 ? 2011 dönemleri arası incelenerek, hem aylar itibariyle hem de dönemsel olarak, göreli açlık ve yoksulluk sınırını mekânsal olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulguları karşılaştırılarak TÜİK tarafından yapılan açlık ve yoksulluk hesaplamalarına alternatif bir hesaplama önerilmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler:1.Açlık2.Yoksulluk3.Bölgesel Analiz (TR2 Düzeyi)4.Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE) As one of the most important elements of development process in the world and in developing Turkey, poverty has been one of the major research areas by scientific circles.Emerged in parallel to the economical and social developments and seen in a wide geographic area, hunger and poverty; definitions of hunger and poverty, methods for poverty line selection, various poverty indices, regional examination and discussion of poverty in Turkey constitute main subjects of this study.The study consists of four main sections. In first section, hunger and poverty are explained in a conceptual manner. In the second section, methods for calculating hunger and poverty lines are discussed. In third section, world and turkish literature is searched respectively for hunger and poverty lines. In fourth section, from main expenditure groups, which are İBBS 2 level and released by TurkStat based on year 2003, the period between 2009 and 2011 is examined on a monthly basis and relative hunger and poverty lines are examined regionally both on a monthly and a periodic basis. By comparing the empirical findings, a new calculation is proposed as an alternative to the hunger and poverty line calculations carried out by Turk Stat.Key Words:1.Hunger2.Poverty3.Regional Anaysis (TR2 Level)4.Consumer Price Index (CPI) 147
- Published
- 2012
26. A Basic Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Public Works in Kochi City
- Author
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Baba, Taichiro and Watanabe, Tsunemi
- Subjects
local and regional contribution activity ,regional characteristic ,Kochi City ,small-sized contractor - Abstract
Due to drastic cut in governmental construction investment and strict enforcement of anti-monopoly law, dango, a complementary and rotational bidding is disappearing, and bidding competition is becoming very cutthroat in many public works. To protect the quality of works and so called dumping bidding, the ministry of land, infrastructure and transport is introducing the comprehensive evaluation method in bidding, which is to evaluate not only price but also technical items such as past performance and a concise construction plan. Some local governments start introducing this approach in bidding. However, there is a concern about this method particular for projects ordered by local governments. Some of those projects do not necessarily require advanced technology; thus, it may be difficult to make difference in evaluation of construction planning among bidders. Items in which scores of each contractor may be rated differently are experience of the same type of construction and existence of qualified engineers. These items seem to evaluate “quality,” technical capability of each contractor. However, there is also criticism that larger scaled contractors can take advantage of these evaluation items because generally they have more experience of implementing similar works and more qualified engineers. This criticism raises another fundamental question: what is the role of small-scaled contractor who do not necessarily pursue enlargement of the company. Thus, the purposes of this research are to discuss the role and importance of the local small-scaled contractor and to discuss an image of the comprehensive evaluation of Kochi City. It is recognized that the regional contribution activity is important to support peoples’ lives in the region. The local small-scale contractor has done these various kinds of regional contribution activities through regardless of volunteer works or contracted construction works. Regional characteristics which the local small-scale contractor grasps seem to become important items to do construction works smoothly in the region. It is considered that the contribution activity of the local small contractor should be evaluated all together with the technical capability as the zest to the local community development by the contractor.
- Published
- 2008
27. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.
- Author
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HAGIHARA, Yoshimi, HAGIHARA, Kiyoko, MATSUSHIMA, Toshikazu, KAWANO, Masanori, HAGIHARA, Yoshimi, HAGIHARA, Kiyoko, MATSUSHIMA, Toshikazu, and KAWANO, Masanori
- Abstract
Regional characteristics can be considered as the background of relationships between Seikatsusha and waterside. This study aims to clarify Socio and Eco environmental changes of Kamo river basin, as important information for participatory environmental management. Firstly, carrying out GES environmental surveys, spatial changes of Kamo river basin are clarified. Secondly, focusing on changes of Kamo river vegetation maps, Socio and Eco environmental changes and the causes of them are considered. By regional analysis using PCA, regional characteristics and changes of them are examined.
- Published
- 2009
28. Türkiye'de yeni firma oluşumunda bölgesel farklılıklar: Yatay kesit ve panel veri sonuçları
- Author
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Miyase Yesim Köksal, Gaygısız, Esma, and Diğer
- Subjects
Firm formation ,Economics ,Production industry ,Firms ,ddc:330 ,Regional differences ,Ekonomi ,Regional characteristic - Abstract
oz TÜRKİYE'DE YENİ FİRMA OLUŞUMUNDA BÖLGESEL FARKLILIKLAR: YATAY KESİT VE PANEL VERİ SONUÇLARI Koksal, Miyase Yeşim Yüksek Lisans, Ekonomi Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Esma Gaygısız Eylül 2002, 140 sayfa 1980'lerden bu yana, yeni firma oluşumunun desteklenmesi birçok ülkede dengesiz bölgesel ekonomik büyüme problemi ile uğraşta temel politika olarak ele alınmaktadır. Yeni firma oluşumunda etkili olan bölgesel özelliklerin belirlenmesi, bu problemin çözümü için gerçekçi ve işlerliği olan politikaların geliştirilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Türkiye, sosyal ve ekonomik yapı bakımından çeşitlilik gösteren bölgeleri arasında yeni firma oluşumunda önemli farklılıklar olan ülkelerden biridir. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışma imalat sanayinde yeni firma oluşumunda Türkiye'nin bölgeleri arasındaki farklılıkları incelemekte ve bölgesel özelliklerin yeni firma oluşumuna etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, firma oluşum süreçlerinin bölgesel çeşitlenmesi açısından gelişmiş ülkeler ile gelişmekte olan ülkelerin bir temsilcisi olarak Türkiye arasındaki farklılıkların bir karşılaştırmasını da vermektedir.Yatay kesit ve panel veri sonuçları, Türkiye'de imalat sanayinde yeni firma oluşumundaki bölgesel farklılığı açıklayan en önemli değişkenin nüfus yoğunluğu olduğunu göstermektedir. Böyle bir sonuç, kentsel çevrenin Türkiye'de imalat sanayinde yeni firma oluşumuna katkıda bulunduğunu dolaylı olarak belirterek `urban incubator` teorisini desteklemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeni Firma Oluşumu, Bölgesel Özellikler VI ABSTRACT REGIONAL VARIATION IN NEW FIRM FORMATION IN TURKEY: CROSS-SECTION AND PANEL DATA EVIDENCE Koksal, Miyase Yeşim M.Sc, Department of Economics Supervisor: Assist. ProfDr. Esma Gaygısız September 2002, 140 Pages Since the 1980s the promotion of the formation of new firms has been considered as the main policy in dealing with the problem of uneven regional economic development in many countries. The determination of regional characteristics that are influential on new firm formation is quite a bit essential to develop realistic and efficient policies to solve this problem. Turkey is one of the countries with a substantial variation in new firm formation across her regions which are also significantly diversified in terms of social and economic structures. In this context, the present study explores the variation in new firm formation in manufacturing sector across regions of Turkey and investigates the effects of regional characteristics on new firm formation. Furthermore, the study provides a comparison of the differences in regional variation in underlying firm birth processes between developed countries and Turkey as a representative of a developing country. iiiThe results of the cross-section and panel data analyses show that population density is the most significant variable in explaining regional variation in new firm formation in manufacturing sector in Turkey. Such an outcome supports the urban incubator theory implying that urban context contributes to new firm formation in manufacturing in Turkey. Keywords: New Firm Formation, Regional Characteristics IV 140
- Published
- 2002
29. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının bölgesel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Türkiye'den görgül kanıtlar
- Author
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Gülcan, Elif Yaprak, Demirci, Muzaffer, and İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
International enterprises ,Turkey ,Economics ,Ekonomi ,Investments ,Regional characteristic ,Foreign direct investments ,Foreign capital investments - Abstract
ÖZET 2000 ' li yıllara bir kaç ay kala, dünyadaki doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının miktarı 440 milyar dolara ulaşmıştır. 1980 'li yıllardan itibaren, çokuluslu şirkteler tarafindan yapılan doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları dünya ticaretinden ve dünya üretiminden hızlı artmaktadır. Türkiye'nin ise, yıllık yabancı sermaye yatırımlarından aldığı pay, ortalama bir milyar doların altındadır. Ülkemiz, son derece liberal bir yabancı sermaye mevzuatına sahip olduğu halde, gelen yabancı sermaye miktarı yetersizdir. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, sadece kalkınmanın moturu olmayıp aynı zamanda Türkiye ekonomisinin global piyasalarla bütünleşmesi açısından da önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye 'ye gelen doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının bölgesel özelliklerinin ampirik olarak saptanmasıdır. Bu amacs gerçekleştirmek üzere, gerekli kuramsal ve ampirik altyapı oluşturulduktan sonra, 1968- 1998 yıllan gerçek verileri kullanılarak Türkiye uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlarla, kuramsal bekleyişler arasında ayrıcalıklar tespit edilmiştir ancak bu ayrıcalıklar ülkeye özel şartlan yansıtması. açısından ilginçtir. IMF'ye göre Türkiye'nin temel dış finansman kaynağı resmi finansman değil, özel sektörün sağladığı finans kaynaklandır. Bu nedenle Türkiye'ye akacak doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatınmlan, özel sektör ve politika yapıcılar açısından çok önemlidir. Elde edilen bulgular Türkiye'nin yabancı sermayeyi yoğun olarak çekebilmesi için kaynak ve kapasitelerini iyileştirmesi ve kalıcı, sürdürülebilir ekonomik istikrar sağlaması gerektiğini göstermektedir. ABSTRACT At the beginning of a new millenium, global foreign direct investment flows increased to 440 billion dollars. Since the early 1980's Foreign Direct Investment flows have grown rapidly- faster than either world trade or world output. Although Turkey has an emerging economy with a highly dynamic market, she attracted on the average only one billion dollars per year in the 1990's. Turkey has one of the most liberal legal frameworks for FDI? but obviously enough, it is not sufficient to attract high levels of FDI. Foreign Direct Investment can not only be considered as a growth engine but also it is one of the most important channels leading to the integration of the Turkish Economy in global markets. The aim of this paper is to investigate the locational determinants of inward foreign direct investments to Turkey from a macro point of view. After preparing the necessary theoretical and empirical framework, a specific model applied to Turkey for the 1968-1998 period. There are some differences betwen the finding of the study and theoretic expectations; but it is interesting that, these differences are the reflections of country specific conditions of Turkey. According to the IMF, main external financing source for Turkey is private financing as opposed to official or diversified financing. Therefore, growth of inward FDI to Turkey is a central concern of Turkish firms and Turkish government policy makers. Like different approaches to FDI, every country should create their own, unique policies according to the weaknesses and strengths of their location specific assets.But above all, the findings of this study suggest that, in order to attract more FDI to Turkey, sustainable economic stability is needed. VI 189
- Published
- 1999
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