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Star like structural compounds were synthesized from different moles % of either dodecyl acrylate or triethylenetetramine using a one-pot commercial synthesis technique. The polymers that were created had various terminations. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1HNMR were used to verify the produced polymers' chemical composition with different terminations. Furthermore, by analysis of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), the size and distribution of the synthesised branched polymers were evaluated. Using a Gel-permeation chromatograph, the modified hyperbranched polymer's molecular weight synthesized with various end points were assessed. The unorganized structured prepared compounds with various molar feed ratios dodecyl acrylate: triethylenetetramine (DDA: TETA) was designed as A, B, C, D and E. Moreover, the synthesized compounds expressed as viscosity index improver (VII); as the amount of combined additives in the mixture is concentrated in the solution, so does the VI. As the percentage of triethylenetetramine in prepared hyperbranched polymers increases, so does the VI. and the most effective VI is (E) VI = 212. All of the synthesized hyperbranched polymers have Newtonian rheological behavior as their rheological behavior.

In this work, we prepared different alkyl acrylates by esterifying acrylic acid with different alcohols (decanol, dodecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol). Anilimide was then produced by the reaction of aniline with maleic anhydride. Different teropolymers were prepared by polymerization reaction of anilimide, different alkyl acrylate esters and olefins in different ratios. The thermal stability of the prepared terpolymers was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis which demonstrated a high thermal stability. The polymers were degraded above 500 °C. The rheology behavior shows shear-thinning, it approaches the ideal Newtonian behavior in case of polymer (C). The prepared terpolymers succeeded in raising the viscosity index of oil to 118 in case of polymer (C) and decreasing the pour point of oil to -12 in case of polymer (E).

Lubricating oil additives impart new properties to oil or reinforce desirable properties already possessed by the oil. They are used to prevent sludge and varnish deposits in engines, to inhibit rust and corrosion, and to minimize wear and friction. Detergents, especially basic detergents, contain reserve base that will neutralize the acids, while this decreases the corrosive tendency of the acids formed at high temperatures. Dispersants also disperse sludge formed in engine operated at low temperature. In the present work, neutral, basic, and overbasic calcium salt of sulfurized dodecyl phenol and neutral calcium sulfonate were prepared and evaluated as antioxidant and detergent/dispersants. Also, different metallic mixtures were prepared via mixing dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and neutral calcium salt of dodecyl phenol in different ratios. Then basic and overbasic of corresponding mixtures were prepared using excess of calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the prepared additives have excellent power of dispersion and detergency and this efficiency increases by increasing basicity, percentage of calcium salt, and the ratio of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid in the mixture.

All mechanical equipment suffers from wear due to the time of use and exposure to contaminants that can damage its movable parts. One way to extend the life time of this equipment is through the use of suitable lubricating oil with different additives. Detergents, especially basic detergents, contain reserve base that will neutralize the acids to form salts. While this decreases the corrosive tendency of the acids formed at high temperatures. Dispersants also disperse sludge formed in engine operated at low temperature. In the present work, different metallic detergent/dispersant additives will be prepared via reaction of dodecyl phenol with calcium hydroxide in different ratios and different amounts of sulfur. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H 1 - NMR) and molecular weight is determined. All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion and detergency and the efficiency as antioxidant increases by increasing the sulfur content up to 1.5% and increases by increasing the percentage of metal in the additives.