17 results on '"Reis, Andreas Alois"'
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2. A survey of national ethics and bioethics committees/Enquete sur les comites nationaux d'ethique et de bioethique/Encuesta de los comites nacionales de etica y bioetica
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Kohler, Johannes, Reis, Andreas Alois, and Saxena, Abha
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Banks (Finance) -- Ethical aspects ,Bioethics -- Surveys ,Coronaviruses -- Surveys ,Health ,UNESCO -- Ethical aspects ,World Bank Group. World Bank -- Ethical aspects ,World Health Organization -- Ethical aspects - Abstract
Objective To assess the current state of national ethics committees and the challenges they face. Methods We surveyed national ethics committees between 30 January and 21 February 2018. Findings In total, representatives of 87 of 146 national ethics committees (59.6%) participated. The 84 countries covered were in all World Bank income categories and all World Health Organization regions. Many national ethics committees lack resources and face challenges in several domains, like independence, funding or efficacy. Only 40.2% (35/87) of committees expressed no concerns about independence. Almost a quarter (21/87) of committees did not make any ethics recommendations to their governments in 2017, and the median number of reports, opinions or recommendations issued was only two per committee. Seventy-two (82.7%) national ethics committees included a philosopher or a bioethicist. Conclusion National ethics (or bioethics) committees provide recommendations and guidance to governments and the public, thereby ensuring that public policies are informed by ethical concerns. Although the task is seemingly straightforward, implementation reveals numerous difficulties. Particularly in times of great uncertainty, such as during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, governments would be well advised to base their actions not only on technical considerations but also on the ethical guidance provided by a national ethics committee. We found that, if the advice of national ethics committees is to matter, they must be legally mandated, independent, diverse in membership, transparent and sufficiently funded to be effective and visible. [phrase omitted] Objectif Evaluer l'etat actuel des comites nationaux d'ethique et les difficultes qu'ils rencontrent. Methodes Nous avons mene l'enquete aupres des comites nationaux d'ethique entre le 30 janvier et le 21 fevrier 2018. Resultats Au total, les representants de 87 des 146 comites nationaux d'ethique (59,6%) ont participe. Les 84 pays retenus etaient issus de toutes les categories de revenus definies par la Banque mondiale, ainsi que de toutes les regions delimitees par l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante. Nombre de ces comites manquent de ressources et sont confrontes a des problemes dans divers domaines tels que l'independance, le financement ou l'efficacite. Seulement 40,2% (35/87) d'entre eux n'ont exprime aucune inquietude quant a leur independance. Presque un quart (21/87) des sondes n'ont adresse aucune recommandation ethique a leur gouvernement en 2017, et le nombre median de rapports, d'opinions ou de recommandations publies ne depassait pas deux par comite. Pas moins de 72 (82,7%) comites nationaux d'ethique incluaient dans leurs rangs un philosophe ou un bioethicien. Conclusion Les comites nationaux d'ethique (ou de bioethique) emettent des recommandations et orientations pour les gouvernements et les citoyens, afin que les politiques publiques tiennent compte des enjeux ethiques. Bien que la tache paraisse simple, la mise en reuvre s'avere nettement plus compliquee. Au moment d'agir, les gouvernements ont tout interet a s'inspirer non seulement des considerations techniques, mais aussi des conseils fournis par un comite national d'ethique. A fortiori lorsque l'epoque est marquee par une grande incertitude, comme aujourd'hui avec la pandemie de maladie a coronavirus 2019. Force est de constater que, pour que leurs avis pesent dans la balance, les comites nationaux d'ethique doivent disposer d'un mandat legal, etre independants et transparents, afficher une grande diversite de membres, et etre dotes d'un budget suffisant pour garantir leur efficacite et leur visibilite. [phrase omitted] Objetivo Evaluar el estado actual de los comites nacionales de etica y los desafios que conllevan. Metodos Realizamos una encuesta a los comites nacionales de etica entre el 30 de enero y el 21 de febrero de 2018. Resultados En total, participaron representantes de 87 de los 146 comites nacionales de etica (59,6%). Los 84 paises seleccionados procedian de todas las categorias de ingresos definidas por el Banco Mundial, asi como de todas las regiones definidas por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Muchos de esos comites carecen de recursos suficientes y se enfrentan a problemas en diversas esferas, como la independencia, la financiacion o la eficacia. Solo el 40,2% (35/87) de ellos no expreso ninguna preocupacion por su independencia. Casi una cuarta parte (21/87) de los encuestados no hizo ninguna recomendacion etica a su gobierno en 2017, y el numero medio de informes, opiniones o recomendaciones publicadas no supero los dos por comite. Hasta 72 (82,7%) Comites Nacionales de Etica incluyeron a un filosofo o bioeticista entre sus miembros. Conclusion Los comites nacionales de etica (o bioetica) proporcionan recomendaciones y orientacion a los gobiernos y a los ciudadanos, a fin de que las politicas publicas tengan en cuenta las cuestiones eticas. Aunque la tarea parece sencilla, su aplicacion revela numerosas dificultades. Especialmente en tiempos de gran incertidumbre, como durante la actual pandemia de la enfermedad coronavirus 2019, los gobiernos deberian basar sus acciones no solo en consideraciones tecnicas sino tambien en la orientacion etica proporcionada por un comite nacional de etica. Hemos comprobado que, para que el asesoramiento de los comites nacionales de etica sea importante, estos deben tener un mandato legal, ser independientes, tener una composicion diversa, ser transparentes y estar suficientemente financiados para ser eficaces y visibles., Introduction Emerging technologies such as gene editing and artificial intelligence touch upon the fundamental question of what it means to be human. The innovative use of data and social media [...]
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- 2021
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3. Charting a new course in healthcare: early-stage AI algorithm registration to enhance trust and transparency
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Epidemiology & Health Economics, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, van Genderen, Michel E., van de Sande, Davy, Hooft, Lotty, Reis, Andreas Alois, Cornet, Alexander D., Oosterhoff, Jacobien H.F., van der Ster, Björn J.P., Huiskens, Joost, Townsend, Reggie, van Bommel, Jasper, Gommers, Diederik, van den Hoven, Jeroen, Epidemiology & Health Economics, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, van Genderen, Michel E., van de Sande, Davy, Hooft, Lotty, Reis, Andreas Alois, Cornet, Alexander D., Oosterhoff, Jacobien H.F., van der Ster, Björn J.P., Huiskens, Joost, Townsend, Reggie, van Bommel, Jasper, Gommers, Diederik, and van den Hoven, Jeroen
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- 2024
4. Charting a new course in healthcare:early-stage AI algorithm registration to enhance trust and transparency
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van Genderen, Michel E., van de Sande, Davy, Hooft, Lotty, Reis, Andreas Alois, Cornet, Alexander D., Oosterhoff, Jacobien H.F., van der Ster, Björn J.P., Huiskens, Joost, Townsend, Reggie, van Bommel, Jasper, Gommers, Diederik, van den Hoven, Jeroen, van Genderen, Michel E., van de Sande, Davy, Hooft, Lotty, Reis, Andreas Alois, Cornet, Alexander D., Oosterhoff, Jacobien H.F., van der Ster, Björn J.P., Huiskens, Joost, Townsend, Reggie, van Bommel, Jasper, Gommers, Diederik, and van den Hoven, Jeroen
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AI holds the potential to transform healthcare, promising improvements in patient care. Yet, realizing this potential is hampered by over-reliance on limited datasets and a lack of transparency in validation processes. To overcome these obstacles, we advocate the creation of a detailed registry for AI algorithms. This registry would document the development, training, and validation of AI models, ensuring scientific integrity and transparency. Additionally, it would serve as a platform for peer review and ethical oversight. By bridging the gap between scientific validation and regulatory approval, such as by the FDA, we aim to enhance the integrity and trustworthiness of AI applications in healthcare.
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- 2024
5. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models (LMMs)
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Malpani, Rohit, Reis, Andreas Alois, Pujari, Sameer, Reeder, John, Vayena, Effy, Labrique, Alain, Farrar, Jeremy, Majumder, Partha, Minssen, Timo, Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb, Paz Canales, Maria, Ema, Arisa, Ghoulia, Amel, Gibson, Jennifer, Goodman, Kenneth W., Jayaram, Malavika, Jjingo, Daudi, Leong, Tze Yun, London, Alex John, Marwala, Thilidzi, Mathur, Roli, Morris, Andrew, Paolotti, Daniela, Singh, Jerome, van den Hoven, Jeroen, Whitney, Robyn, Zeng, Yi, Malpani, Rohit, Reis, Andreas Alois, Pujari, Sameer, Reeder, John, Vayena, Effy, Labrique, Alain, Farrar, Jeremy, Majumder, Partha, Minssen, Timo, Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb, Paz Canales, Maria, Ema, Arisa, Ghoulia, Amel, Gibson, Jennifer, Goodman, Kenneth W., Jayaram, Malavika, Jjingo, Daudi, Leong, Tze Yun, London, Alex John, Marwala, Thilidzi, Mathur, Roli, Morris, Andrew, Paolotti, Daniela, Singh, Jerome, van den Hoven, Jeroen, Whitney, Robyn, and Zeng, Yi
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Contributed to this WHO guidance as member of the "WHO Expert Group on Ethics and Governance of AI for Health". WHO is issuing this guidance to assist Member States in mapping the benefits and challenges associated with use of LMMs for health and in developing policies and practices for appropriate development, provision and use. The guidance includes recommendations for governance, within companies, by governments and through international collaboration, aligned with the guiding principles. The principles and recommendations, which account for the unique ways in which humans can use generative AI for health, are the basis of this guidance.
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- 2024
6. Improving assent in health research: a rapid systematic review
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Soll, Dominik, Guraiib, Maria Magdalena, Rollins, Nigel Campbell, and Reis, Andreas Alois
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- 2020
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7. Ethical and Legal Challenges of Digital Medicin in Pandemics :Opportunities - Risks - Compromises
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Reis, Andreas Alois, Schmidhuber, Matina, Frewer, Andreas, Minssen, Timo, Gerke, Sara, Reis, Andreas Alois, Schmidhuber, Matina, Frewer, Andreas, Minssen, Timo, and Gerke, Sara
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The Covid-19 pandemic, and the associated mobility restrictions, contact bans, cell phone monitoring apps and other strategies to contain chains of infection, has led to a clear increase in the use of digital applications in public and private healthcare in the past year. The possibility of avoiding contact through remote monitoring of patients in hospitals and in the home care sector also contributed to this trend. Improved data analyzes in the research, development and testing of new therapies, as well as the growing potential of artificial intelligence for diagnostic methods and vaccine candidates developed in an urgent manner, also resulted in an increased demand and use of digital tools among doctors, patients, hospitals and researchers and companies. Although many of these new digital possibilities received great approval and support from the population, it soon became apparent that not all applications were technically fully developed and that new answers to a wide range of risks and security deficiencies had to be found (Lizzie O'Shea, 2020 ). The use of these technical innovations was therefore not only accompanied by socio-economic and political discussions, but also by ethical and legal debates. Issues such as data protection, cybersecurity, consent, transparency, discrimination, property and fair distribution and access to digital opportunities play an important role here. In addition, the pandemic not only had a direct impact on various urgent laws and the ethical debates on hazard prevention and the organization of the health system. In Germany in particular, the interaction of the COVID-19 crisis with a number of groundbreaking laws in the field of digital medicine that had been planned for a long time was also recently revealed. The only examples here are the recently passed Digital Supply Act (Digital Supply Act - DVG, 2019), including the Hospital Future Act ((Hospital Future Act - KHZG, 2020). It quickly became clear that the COVID-19 pan
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- 2023
8. Ethical Considerations in Infodemic Management: Systematic Scoping Review.
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Germani, Federico, Spitale, Giovanni, Machiri, Sandra Varaidzo, Ho, Calvin Wai Loon, Ballalai, Isabella, Biller-Andorno, Nikola, and Reis, Andreas Alois
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- 2024
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9. Ethical implications of economic compensation for voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention and epidemic control
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Köhler, Johannes, primary, Singh, Jerome Amir, additional, Stuart, Rennie, additional, Samuelson, Julia, additional, and Reis, Andreas Alois, additional
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- 2022
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10. Leveraging artificial intelligence to assist the ethical and science-based distribution of COVID-19 vaccines
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Wu, Sheng, primary, Reis, Andreas Alois, additional, Pujari, Sameer, additional, Muneene, Derrick, additional, and Reeder, John, additional
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- 2021
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11. ETHICS AND GOVERNANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR HEALTH:WHO GUIDANCE
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Reis, Andreas Alois, Malpani, Rohit, Vayena, Effy, Majumder, Partha, Swaminathan, Soumya, Pujari, Sameer, Reeder, John, Mariano, Bernardo, Al Shorbachi, Narjeeb, Ema, Arisa, Ghoulia, Amel, Gibson, Jeniffer, Goodman, Kenneth W., van den Hoven, Jeroen, Jayaram, Malavika, Jjingo, Daudi, Leong, Tze Yun, London, Alex John, Marwala, Thsilidzi, Mathur, Roli, Minssen, Timo, Morris, Andrew, Paolotti, Daniela, Paz Canales, Maria, Singh, Jerome, Whittaker, Robyn, Zeng, Yi, Reis, Andreas Alois, Malpani, Rohit, Vayena, Effy, Majumder, Partha, Swaminathan, Soumya, Pujari, Sameer, Reeder, John, Mariano, Bernardo, Al Shorbachi, Narjeeb, Ema, Arisa, Ghoulia, Amel, Gibson, Jeniffer, Goodman, Kenneth W., van den Hoven, Jeroen, Jayaram, Malavika, Jjingo, Daudi, Leong, Tze Yun, London, Alex John, Marwala, Thsilidzi, Mathur, Roli, Minssen, Timo, Morris, Andrew, Paolotti, Daniela, Paz Canales, Maria, Singh, Jerome, Whittaker, Robyn, and Zeng, Yi
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See: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200: The WHO guidance on Ethics & Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health is the product of eighteen months of deliberation amongst leading experts in ethics, digital technology, law, human rights, as well as experts from Ministries of Health. While new technologies that use artificial intelligence hold great promise to improve diagnosis, treatment, health research and drug development and to support governments carrying out public health functions, including surveillance and outbreak response, such technologies, according to the report, must put ethics and human rights at the heart of its design, deployment, and use.The report identifies the ethical challenges and risks with the use of artificial intelligence of health, six consensus principles to ensure AI works to the public benefit of all countries. It also contains a set of recommendations that can ensure the governance of artificial intelligence for health maximizes the promise of the technology and holds all stakeholders – in the public and private sector – accountable and responsive to the healthcare workers who will rely on these technologies and the communities and individuals whose health will be affected by its use.
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- 2021
12. Ethische und rechtliche Herausforderungen digitaler Medizin in Pandemien:Chancen, Risiken und Kompromisse
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Reis, Andreas Alois, Schmidhuber, Martina, Frewer, Andreas, Minssen, Timo, Gerke, Sara, Reis, Andreas Alois, Schmidhuber, Martina, Frewer, Andreas, Minssen, Timo, and Gerke, Sara
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Die Covid-19-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden Mobilitäts-Begrenzungen, Kontaktverbote, Handy Überwachungs- Apps sowie weitere Strategien zur Eindämmung von Infektionsketten hat im letzten Jahr zu einem eindeutigen Anstieg der Nutzung digitaler Anwendungen im öffentlichen und privaten Gesundheitswesen geführt. Verbesserte Daten-Analysen in der Forschung, Entwicklung und Prüfung von neuen Therapien, sowie das wachsende Potential der Künstlichen Intelligenz für im Eilverfahren entwickelte diagnostische Methoden und Impfstoffkandidaten, resultierte ebenfalls in einer gestiegenen Nachfrage und Anwendung von digitalen Hilfsmitteln unter Ärzten, Patienten, Krankenhäusern, Forschern und Unternehmen. Der Einsatz dieser technischen Innovationen wurde jedoch sowohl von sozioökonomischen und politischen Diskussionen also auch von regen ethischen und rechtlichen Debatten begleitet. Themen wie Datenschutz, Cybersicherheit, Einwilligung, Transparenz, Diskriminierung, Eigentum und eine gerechte Verteilung und Zugang zu den digitalen Möglichkeiten spielen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Dieses Kapitel erörtert zentrale ethische und rechtliche Fragestellungen anhand von konkreten Fallbeispielen und liefert eine eingehende Diskussion von ausgewählten Fragestellungen, die nicht nur ethische und rechtliche Problembereiche und Risiken verdeutlicht, sondern auch Lösungsoptionen aufzeigt., Cite as: Minssen T., Gerke S. (2021) Ethische und rechtliche Herausforderungen digitaler Medizin in Pandemien. In: Reis A., Schmidhuber M., Frewer A. (eds) Pandemien und Ethik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63530-8_12 Abstract: Die Covid-19-Pandemie, und die damit einhergehenden Mobilitäts-Begrenzungen, Kontaktverbote, Handy Überwachungs-Apps, sowie weitere Strategien zur Eindämmung von Infektionsketten, hat im letzten Jahr zu einem eindeutigen Anstieg der Nutzung digitaler Anwendungen im öffentlichen und privaten Gesundheitswesen geführt. Auch die Möglichkeiten der Kontaktvermeidung durch die Fernüberwachung von Patienten in Krankenhäusern und im Heimpflege-Bereich steuerte zu diesem Trend bei. Verbesserte Daten-Analysen in der Forschung, Entwicklung und Prüfung von neuen Therapien, sowie das wachsende Potential der Künstlichen Intelligenz für im Eilverfahren entwickelte diagnostische Methoden und Impfstoffkandidaten, resultierte ebenfalls in einer gestiegenen Nachfrage und Anwendung von digitalen Hilfsmitteln unter Ärzten, Patienten, Krankenhäuser, Forschern und Unternehmen. Obwohl viele dieser neuen digitalen Möglichkeit regen Zuspruch und Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung erhalten, zeigte sich jedoch auch bald dass nicht alle Anwendungen technisch voll ausgreift waren und dass neue Antworten auf ein breites Spektrum von Risiken und Sicherheitsmängeln gefunden werden müssen (Lizzie O'Shea, 2020). Der Einsatz dieser technischen Innovationen wurde daher nicht nur von sozioökonomischen und politischen Diskussionen begleitet, sondern auch von ethischen und rechtlichen Debatten. Themen wie Datenschutz, Cybersicherheit, Einwilligung, Transparenz, Diskriminierung, Eigentum und eine gerechte Verteilung und Zugang zu den digitalen Möglichkeiten spielen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Zudem hatte die Pandemie nicht nur einen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf verschiedene Eilgesetze und die ethischen Debatten zur Gefahrenabwehr und
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- 2021
13. A survey of national ethics and bioethics committees
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Köhler, Johannes, primary, Reis, Andreas Alois, additional, and Saxena, Abha, additional
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- 2020
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14. Additional file 2 of Improving assent in health research: a rapid systematic review
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Soll, Dominik, Guraiib, Maria Magdalena, Rollins, Nigel Campbell, and Reis, Andreas Alois
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Additional file 2. PRISMA checklist.
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- 2020
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15. Additional file 1 of Improving assent in health research: a rapid systematic review
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Soll, Dominik, Guraiib, Maria Magdalena, Rollins, Nigel Campbell, and Reis, Andreas Alois
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Data_FILES - Abstract
Additional file 1 Table S1. Search strategies.
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- 2020
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16. Leveraging artificial intelligence to assist the ethical and science-based distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Sheng Wu, Reis, Andreas Alois, Pujari, Sameer, Muneene, Derrick, and Reeder, John
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COVID-19 vaccines ,MEDICAL decision making - Published
- 2021
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17. Ethical issues in public health surveillance: a systematic qualitative review
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Klingler, Corinna, primary, Silva, Diego Steven, additional, Schuermann, Christopher, additional, Reis, Andreas Alois, additional, Saxena, Abha, additional, and Strech, Daniel, additional
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- 2017
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