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4. Genetic aetiology of self-harm ideation and behaviour

Author

Campos, A.I., Verweij, K.J.H., Statham, D.J., Madden, P.A.F., Maciejewski, D.F., Davis, K.A.S., John, A., Hotopf, M., Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Rentería, M.E., Campos, A.I., Verweij, K.J.H., Statham, D.J., Madden, P.A.F., Maciejewski, D.F., Davis, K.A.S., John, A., Hotopf, M., Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., and Rentería, M.E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 226852.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Family studies have identified a heritable component to self-harm that is partially independent from comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, the genetic aetiology of broad sense (non-suicidal and suicidal) self-harm has not been characterised on the molecular level. In addition, controversy exists about the degree to which suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm share a common genetic aetiology. In the present study, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on lifetime self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour (i.e. any lifetime self-harm act regardless of suicidal intent) using data from the UK Biobank (n > 156,000). We also perform genome wide gene-based tests and characterize the SNP heritability and genetic correlations between these traits. Finally, we test whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour predict suicide attempt, suicide thoughts and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) in an independent target sample of 8,703 Australian adults. Our GWAS results identified one genome-wide significant locus associated with each of the two phenotypes. SNP heritability (hsnp2) estimates were ~10%, and both traits were highly genetically correlated (LDSC rg > 0.8). Gene-based tests identified seven genes associated with self-harm ideation and four with self-harm behaviour. Furthermore, in the target sample, PRS for self-harm ideation were significantly associated with suicide thoughts and NSSH, and PRS for self-harm behaviour predicted suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Follow up regressions identified a shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide thoughts, and between suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Evidence for shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide attempt was not statistically significant.

Published
2020

5. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Author

Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), Zelman, V. (Vladimir), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), and Zelman, V. (Vladimir)

Abstract

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

Published
2020
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6. Profile of a group of university audience in Mexico according to their citizen participation, trust in institutions and civic interaction in the media in 2017

Author

Gutiérrez-Rentería, M.E., Santana, J.C., López-Hernández, C., Pérez-Ayala-Madero, M.G., and Hellmueller, L.

Subjects
audiencia universitaria, university audience, social capital, trust, capital social, confianza
Abstract

Esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo muestra las singularidades de una audiencia universitaria en México en 2017, medida según su participación cívica, la valoración que da a las instituciones y la actuación interactiva que tiene con los medios respecto a temas sociales y políticos. La población encuestada estuvo formada por 1,195 jóvenes adultos de 23 años de edad promedio y que forma parte de la comunidad universitaria situada en Jalisco, Ciudad de México y Aguascalientes. Los resultados muestran que la participación offline de capital social fue más significativa que la online. Las instituciones que tuvieron índice aprobatorio fueron las religiosas, las universidades y los medios de comunicación. En este ámbito, existieron diferencias significativas al evaluarlas entre grupos de edad y según el sexo. Esta audiencia tuvo rasgos de ser pasiva y conservadora respecto a su consumo informativo y reflejó apatía para manifestar su opinión en los medios de comunicación del país. The present quantitative study shows the singularities of the university audience in Mexico in 2017, measured according to their civic participation, how they assess national institutions, and how they interact with the media regarding social and political issues. The surveyed population consisted of 1,195 young adults of 23 years of average age and who are part of private universities located in Jalisco, Mexico City and Aguascalientes. The results indicate that the offline participation in social capital is more significant than online participation of this university audience. The only institutions that have an approval index for this audience are religious institutions, universities, and the media. Finally, the university audience in Mexico has features of being passive and conservative regarding its consumption of information and its political participation in media. This population reflects apathy in expressing their opinion in media regarding social and political issues in the country.

Published
2018

7. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author

Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Veltman, D.J. (Dick)

Abstract

The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.

Published
2017
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8. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

Author

Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Ikram, M.K. (Kamran)

Abstract

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.

Published
2017
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9. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures

Author

Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Medland, S.E. (Sarah)

Abstract

The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, a

Published
2015
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10. The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), and Drevets, D.A. (Douglas)

Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2014
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