Search

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data on the efficacy of remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited in pregnant patients since they have been excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to investigate some clinical outcomes following remdesivir administration in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on pregnant women with moderate to severe COVID-19. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups with and without remdesivir treatment. The primary outcomes of this study were the length of hospital and intensive care unit stay; respiratory parameters of hospital day 7 including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and mode of oxygen support; discharge until days 7 and 14, and need for home oxygen therapy. Secondary outcomes included some maternal and neonatal consequences. Eighty-one pregnant women (57 in the remdesivir group and 24 in the non-remdesivir group) were included. The two study groups were comparable according to the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Of the respiratory outcomes, remdesivir was significantly associated with a reduced length of hospital stay (p = 0.021) and also with a lower level of oxygen requirement in patients on low-flow oxygen [odds ratio (OR) 3.669]. Among the maternal consequences, no patients in the remdesivir group developed preeclampsia but three patients (12.5%) experienced this complication in the non-remdesivir group (p = 0.024). Furthermore, in patients with moderate COVID-19, the percentage of emergency termination was significantly lower in remdesivir group (OR 2.46). Our results demonstrated some probable benefits of remdesivir in respiratory and also maternal outcomes. Further investigations with a larger sample size should confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Rehabilitation / Rehabilitacja Medyczna is the property of Medical Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lung following inflammation is a major cause of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. It has already been shown that bromelain and montelukast as two anti-inflammatory agents can be effective in controlling this condition. Methods: Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. All 40 patients with moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the placebo (n=20) and intervention (n=20) groups. In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg oral bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours and one tablet of montelukast 10 mg 1 hour before or after dinner for 5 days. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. The results were evaluated using a t test and SPSS21 software. Results: After treatment, the sample (bromelain and montelukast) group represented significant improvements in C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lymphocyte count (P

Background: Emergence from general anesthesia and tracheal extubation may be associated with tremendous physiological and metabolic stress in patients which could be major concern for the anesthesiologist in patients especially with neurosurgical patients. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to find a novel method to achieving a smooth extubation in neurosurgery by compare the respiratory complications and hemodynamic stress response between conventional awake extubation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and that following exchange extubation of ETT using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in craniotomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II between ages 18 and 60 years undergoing neurosurgery were evaluated for respiratory events such as bucking, coughing, desaturation, and hemodynamic changes due to sympathetic stimulation such as tachycardia, hypertension, and any other complications that have occurred in any of the two extubation methods. Results: In Group A, 86.67% patients have shown significant events of bucking and coughing while desaturation events were comparable between two groups. Manipulation events, that is, chin lift and jaw thrust had to perform in 66.67% and 21.67%, respectively, in patients of Group A compared to only 03.33% patients in Group L. (P

Abstract Background Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation and show varying responses to recruitment manoeuvres. In patients with ARDS not related to COVID-19, two pulmonary subphenotypes that differed in recruitability were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters. We aimed to evaluate if similar subphenotypes are present in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Methods This is the retrospective analysis of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who underwent CT scans at positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and after a recruitment manoeuvre at 20 cmH2O. LCA was applied to quantitative CT-derived parameters, clinical respiratory parameters, blood gas analysis and routine laboratory values before recruitment to identify subphenotypes. Results 99 patients were included. Using 12 variables, a two-class LCA model was identified as best fitting. Subphenotype 2 (recruitable) was characterized by a lower PaO2/FiO2, lower normally aerated lung volume and lower compliance as opposed to a higher non-aerated lung mass and higher mechanical power when compared to subphenotype 1 (non-recruitable). Patients with subphenotype 2 had more decrease in non-aerated lung mass in response to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre (p = 0.024) and were mechanically ventilated longer until successful extubation (adjusted SHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.91, p = 0.026), while no difference in survival was found (p = 0.814). Conclusions A recruitable and non-recruitable subphenotype were identified in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. These findings are in line with previous studies in non-COVID-19-related ARDS and suggest that a combination of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters could facilitate the identification of recruitable lungs before the manoeuvre.

Measurement of accurate tidal volumes based on respiration-induced surface movements of the upper body would be valuable in clinical and sports monitoring applications, but most current methods lack the precision, ease of use, or cost effectiveness required for wide-scale uptake. In this paper, the theoretical ability of different sensors, such as inertial measurement units, strain gauges, or circumference measurement devices to determine tidal volumes were investigated, scrutinised and evaluated. Sixteen subjects performed different breathing patterns of different tidal volumes, while using a motion capture system to record surface motions and a spirometer as a reference to obtain tidal volumes. Subsequently, the motion-capture data were used to determine upper-body circumferences, tilt angles, distance changes, movements and accelerations—such data could potentially be measured using optical encoders, inertial measurement units, or strain gauges. From these parameters, the measurement range and correlation with the volume signal of the spirometer were determined. The highest correlations were found between the spirometer volume and upper body circumferences; surface deflection was also well correlated, while accelerations carried minor respiratory information. The ranges of thorax motion parameters measurable with common sensors and the values and correlations to respiratory volume are presented. This article thus provides a novel tool for sensor selection for a smart shirt analysis of respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an active exercise physiotherapy programme versus an exercise for well-being programme improving muscle strength, range of movement, respiratory capacity and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia. A randomized, assessor-blind, controlled trial was conducted. A total of 141 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia were randomized to a physiotherapy exercise group (n = 47), an exercise for well-being group (n = 47) and a control group (n = 47). The study lasted 4 weeks and the experimental groups received 45 min sessions performed twice a week on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were range of movement and muscle strength. The secondary outcome measures were respiratory capacity and quality of life. The results showed statistically significant improvements in the exercise for well-being and physiotherapy groups vs. the control group at week 5 in relation to joint range of movement (p = 0.004), muscle strength (p = 0.003) and quality of life (p = 0.002). The changes found in all the spirometry parameters seem to be associated to some of the changes in joint range of movement and muscle strength as well as quality of life. Physiotherapy and exercise for well-being improved upper limb and lower limb range of movement and the muscle strength of women with fibromyalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Alleviating significant pain and enhancing lung function in patients with multiple rib fractures presents a formidable challenge to all emergency physicians (EPs). Conventional pharmacological measures and traditional thoracic regional analgesia techniques are not always feasible or safe in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, an effective, feasible, and safe method for providing analgesia in such patients will be extremely advantageous to all patients and EPs alike. Here, we describe the utility of a regional block technique that can be applied in patients suffering from multiple rib fractures in the ED. Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the effectiveness of an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in ameliorating pain and improving lung function in patients presenting to the ED with multiple rib fractures and (2) to assess the safety and the feasibility of the ESPB in the ED. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective observational clinical study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months. Subjects and Methods: Data regarding all patients with rib fractures who had undergone an ESPB in the ED were extracted from the ED procedure register, and the inpatient case sheets were obtained from the medical records department for review and analysis. The data included, but were not limited to, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and respiratory parameters, i.e., respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at 30 min post procedure and subsequently after every top-up dose up to a period of 48 h. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. Inferential statistics such as repeated-measures ANOVA were done using SPSS software version 22 (IBM). Results: The mean NRS was significantly reduced by >50% at 30 min and by 72% over a 48-h period (P < 0.001). Meaningful improvements in the respiratory parameters were also observed during the same period with significant increments in the PEFR values (49% increase [P < 0.001]) as well as a decrease of 36% in the respiratory rate (P < 0.001). The mean time for performing the procedure was 16.27 min, and no adverse events were observed as a consequence of the block. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the efficacy of USG-guided ESPB in ameliorating pain as well as improving lung function for multiple rib fracture patients. This procedure can be performed in a short time making it suitable for application in the ED. No adverse events as a consequence of the ESPB were noted.

Background: It is recommended to heat and humidity CO2 in laparoscopic surgery to prevent postoperative pain and hypothermia but information about its effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of standard and heated-humidified CO2 on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature and pain in healthy patients. Methods: One hundred patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology were divided into two groups: Group CD (cold-dry) patients were administered standard CO2, while Group HH (heated-humidified) patients were administered 95% humidified insufflation at 37 °C. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature, pain score and blood count parameters were recorded. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the study, taken from the 100 patients. Group HH (n:47) had only higher systolic blood pressure at 75, mean blood pressure at 50 and 55 and a lower heart rate between 15 and 45 min (p:0.049, 0.037, 0.013 respectively). Pain score, morphine consumption, end-tidal CO2 and arterial blood gas values were not different between the groups, with only body temperature from 40 min and minimum value being significantly higher (at a difference of 0.86–1.04 °C) in Group HH. Postoperative leukocyte, neutrophil and NLR (neutrophil-leukocyte ratio) were found to be higher in this group (p

Background: Emergence from general anesthesia and tracheal extubation may be associated with tremendous physiological and metabolic stress in patients which could be major concern for the anesthesiologist in patients especially with neurosurgical patients. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to find a novel method to achieving a smooth extubation in neurosurgery by compare the respiratory complications and hemodynamic stress response between conventional awake extubation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and that following exchange extubation of ETT using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in craniotomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II between ages 18 and 60 years undergoing neurosurgery were evaluated for respiratory events such as bucking, coughing, desaturation, and hemodynamic changes due to sympathetic stimulation such as tachycardia, hypertension, and any other complications that have occurred in any of the two extubation methods. Results: In Group A, 86.67% patients have shown significant events of bucking and coughing while desaturation events were comparable between two groups. Manipulation events, that is, chin lift and jaw thrust had to perform in 66.67% and 21.67%, respectively, in patients of Group A compared to only 03.33% patients in Group L. (P<0.05). In Group A, 97.33% patients shown tachycardia compared to 30% in Group L where only 30%. Similarly, mean arterial pressure after extubation found to be significantly high in 63.33% of the patients in Group A with 63.33% as compared to13.33% of patients in Group L (P<0.05). Conclusion: ETT/LMA exchange is the most effective technique for achieving the clinical endpoints of the study, that is, prevention of emergence hypertension and respiratory complications compared to awake extubation methods. The exchange of ETT with LMA in deeper plane of anesthesia significantly reduces emergence related the hemodynamic and respiratory unwonted events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation and show varying responses to recruitment manoeuvres. In patients with ARDS not related to COVID-19, two pulmonary subphenotypes that differed in recruitability were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters. We aimed to evaluate if similar subphenotypes are present in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.Methods: This is the retrospective analysis of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who underwent CT scans at positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and after a recruitment manoeuvre at 20 cmH2O. LCA was applied to quantitative CT-derived parameters, clinical respiratory parameters, blood gas analysis and routine laboratory values before recruitment to identify subphenotypes.Results: 99 patients were included. Using 12 variables, a two-class LCA model was identified as best fitting. Subphenotype 2 (recruitable) was characterized by a lower PaO2/FiO2, lower normally aerated lung volume and lower compliance as opposed to a higher non-aerated lung mass and higher mechanical power when compared to subphenotype 1 (non-recruitable). Patients with subphenotype 2 had more decrease in non-aerated lung mass in response to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre (p = 0.024) and were mechanically ventilated longer until successful extubation (adjusted SHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91, p = 0.026), while no difference in survival was found (p = 0.814).Conclusions: A recruitable and non-recruitable subphenotype were identified in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. These findings are in line with previous studies in non-COVID-19-related ARDS and suggest that a combination of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters could facilitate the identification of recruitable lungs before the manoeuvre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of pliometric and tabata training applied to aerobic gymnasts between the ages of 12-14 on jump performance and respiratory function parameters was investigated. Actively competing in the study, mean age 12.8 ± 0.19 (year), average body weight 34.28 ± 1.46 (kg), average height 145.19 ± 2.29 (cm), average age for sports 7.14 ± 0.24 female gymnasts participated voluntarily. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups according to age groups. First group (A group), Technical + Pliometric training program, second group (B group), Technique + Tabata training program, third group (C group) control group applied only Technical training program. A total of 12 exercises were applied to the subjects for 6 weeks, 2 exercises per week. The subjects were tested for jump performance, 30 sec Bosco Test, respiratory function test and C group basic difficulty elements test, pre-test and post-test. In the evaluation of the data, analysis of variance was used in 3 x 2 repeated measures. The difference between the groups was determined by the Bonferroni test. As a result of the 6-week training, there was no significant difference in the control group according to the pre-test and post-test results, while in the pliometric training group and tabata training groups, active jump, 30 sec Bosco, tuck jump, cossack jump, pike jump and straddle jump group C There was a significant difference in performance, respiratory functions at FEV1 and FVC (p lt;0.05) levels, but no significance was found at other levels (p gt;0.05). As a result, it is recommended to trainers to use pliometric training for jumping strength and performance increase, tabata training method to increase the continuity of the series, reduce energy expenditure and increase anaerobic capacity.

Introduction: This study assesses the effects of pollutants generated by the burning of firewood by pygmies practicing the smoked meat trade. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 rural pygmies aged 36.92 ± 4.69 years old were divided into two groups, whose 29 exposed pygmies (practicing meat smoking) and 27 less exposed pygmies (not practicing this trade). Levels of PM2.5 pollutants and respiratory parameters were measured. A questionnaire including demographic data and another to identify symptoms of respiratory diseases were used. Epi info 7 software was used to perform the analyses. Results: This study indicates high concentrations of pollutants in the environment where this occupation is practiced. All spirometric parameters decreased in the exposed pygmies. The symptomatology was chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and dyspnea that were higher in the exposed pygmy group. There was a strong association between the age of the subjects, the duration of exposure and the level of pollutants with certain symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that pygmies involved in smoking game meat inhale significant quantities of toxic particles. This pollution has health and environmental implications. Screening programmer are needed for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of early mobilization on hemodynamic parameters of patients under mechanical ventilation has been associated with positive results and yet its effect on specific respiratory parameters is less well appreciated. This article reports the results of a study of a randomized clinical trial of intensive care unit patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The findings of this study confirmed that a 4-step protocol for early mobilization can improve PaO2, O2 saturation, PaO2/FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) ratio, and pulmonary compliance. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration supporting early mobilization was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is recommended to heat and humidity CO 2 in laparoscopic surgery to prevent postoperative pain and hypothermia but information about its effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of standard and heated-humidified CO 2 on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature and pain in healthy patients. One hundred patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology were divided into two groups: Group CD (cold-dry) patients were administered standard CO 2 , while Group HH (heated-humidified) patients were administered 95% humidified insufflation at 37 °C. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body temperature, pain score and blood count parameters were recorded. A total of 96 patients were included in the study, taken from the 100 patients. Group HH (n:47) had only higher systolic blood pressure at 75, mean blood pressure at 50 and 55 and a lower heart rate between 15 and 45 min (p:0.049, 0.037, 0.013 respectively). Pain score, morphine consumption, end-tidal CO 2 and arterial blood gas values were not different between the groups, with only body temperature from 40 min and minimum value being significantly higher (at a difference of 0.86–1.04 °C) in Group HH. Postoperative leukocyte, neutrophil and NLR (neutrophil-leukocyte ratio) were found to be higher in this group (p < 0.05). It has been found that both standard and heated-humidified CO 2 do not constitute a problem in terms of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in healthy patients. The heated-humidified CO 2 group had only a higher core body temperature and inflammatory response. NCT04508387. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Alleviating significant pain and enhancing lung function in patients with multiple rib fractures presents a formidable challenge to all emergency physicians (EPs). Conventional pharmacological measures and traditional thoracic regional analgesia techniques are not always feasible or safe in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, an effective, feasible, and safe method for providing analgesia in such patients will be extremely advantageous to all patients and EPs alike. Here, we describe the utility of a regional block technique that can be applied in patients suffering from multiple rib fractures in the ED. Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the effectiveness of an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in ameliorating pain and improving lung function in patients presenting to the ED with multiple rib fractures and (2) to assess the safety and the feasibility of the ESPB in the ED. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective observational clinical study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months. Subjects and Methods: Data regarding all patients with rib fractures who had undergone an ESPB in the ED were extracted from the ED procedure register, and the inpatient case sheets were obtained from the medical records department for review and analysis. The data included, but were not limited to, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and respiratory parameters, i.e., respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at 30 min post procedure and subsequently after every top-up dose up to a period of 48 h. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. Inferential statistics such as repeated-measures ANOVA were done using SPSS software version 22 (IBM). Results: The mean NRS was significantly reduced by >50% at 30 min and by 72% over a 48-h period (P < 0.001). Meaningful improvements in the respiratory parameters were also observed during the same period with significant increments in the PEFR values (49% increase [P < 0.001]) as well as a decrease of 36% in the respiratory rate (P < 0.001). The mean time for performing the procedure was 16.27 min, and no adverse events were observed as a consequence of the block. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the efficacy of USG-guided ESPB in ameliorating pain as well as improving lung function for multiple rib fracture patients. This procedure can be performed in a short time making it suitable for application in the ED. No adverse events as a consequence of the ESPB were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total lung capacity is usually measured by a body plethysmograph or helium dilution methods. In this study an alternative approach to obtain total lung capacity of spontaneous breathing subjects is introduced. The device utilises an optoelectronic plethysmograph and a small tube, which measures mouth pressure and allows total lung capacity to be obtained, which differs less than 0.4 L from the total lung capacity of the body plethysmograph. The method shows potential to be a less burdensome method to estimate total lung capacity determination than the body plethysmograph.

Measurement of accurate tidal volumes based on respiration-induced surface movements of the upper body would be valuable in clinical and sports monitoring applications, but most current methods lack the precision, ease of use, or cost effectiveness required for wide-scale uptake. In this paper, the theoretical ability of different sensors, such as inertial measurement units, strain gauges, or circumference measurement devices to determine tidal volumes were investigated, scrutinised and evaluated. Sixteen subjects performed different breathing patterns of different tidal volumes, while using a motion capture system to record surface motions and a spirometer as a reference to obtain tidal volumes. Subsequently, the motion-capture data were used to determine upper-body circumferences, tilt angles, distance changes, movements and accelerations—such data could potentially be measured using optical encoders, inertial measurement units, or strain gauges. From these parameters, the measurement range and correlation with the volume signal of the spirometer were determined. The highest correlations were found between the spirometer volume and upper body circumferences; surface deflection was also well correlated, while accelerations carried minor respiratory information. The ranges of thorax motion parameters measurable with common sensors and the values and correlations to respiratory volume are presented. This article thus provides a novel tool for sensor selection for a smart shirt analysis of respiration.

The severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality may be due to a localized vascular problem owing to the activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs that occur following inflammation. Bromelain acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and can lower the level of bradykinin in the serum and tissues. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 40 patients with mild to moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the control group (No: 20) and sample (No: 20). In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. Clinical and paraclinical factors (including SaO2, RR body temperature, MAP, HR, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, Bil, BUN, Cr, WBC, Lymph, LDH, Plt were evaluated on a regular basis for up to five days. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software. After treatment, the sample (Bromelain) group indicated significant improvement in SaO2, RR, HR, AST, ALT, BUN, ESR, LDH, and WBC and Lymphocyte count (P<0.05). Other factors did not have a significant difference with the control group. Bromelain causes improvement in some clinical symptoms such as respiratory parameters and para clinical items of mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients, so it can be a promising treatment. Furthered evaluation of larger groups is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality may be due to a localized vascular problem owing to the activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs that occur following inflammation. Bromelain acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and can lower the level of bradykinin in the serum and tissues. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 40 patients with mild to moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the control group (No: 20) and sample (No: 20). In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. Clinical and paraclinical factors (including SaO2, RR body temperature, MAP, HR, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, Bil, BUN, Cr, WBC, Lymph, LDH, Plt were evaluated on a regular basis for up to five days. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software. After treatment, the sample (Bromelain) group indicated significant improvement in SaO2, RR, HR, AST, ALT, BUN, ESR, LDH, and WBC and Lymphocyte count (P

Abstract Introduction: Respiratory disorders are common problems in farmers which have a high mortality rate in Yazd city. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare respiratory parameters as well as the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three age groups in farmers and non-farmers. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 300 farmers and 300 non-farmers in Yazd. Questionnaires including cognitive knowledge and symptoms of respiratory diseases were completed for all participants and lung function tests were also performed. Data were analyzed using T-student, Chi square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Spirometric results showed a significant reduction in respiratory capacity in the farmer group compared to non-farmer. In all three age groups, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in farmers were higher than non-farmer groups and as the age increased, the prevalence of symptoms also increased. In the age group over 55, the risk of cough, phlegm, dyspnea and wheezing were 17,10/ 78,3/58 and 6/61 times more than non-farmers respectively which were statistically significant at 95% confidence interval P value < (0.05). Among the symptoms of respiratory, cough had the highest and shortness of breath had the lowest prevalence. Discussion and conclusion: Regarding the prevention of high prevalence of respiratory disorders in farmers, the mechanization of agricultural practices, the promotion of health awareness of farmers by health professionals, appropriate implementation of training programs by the health department and assistance of Jihad-e-Agriculture are necessary

Objective: To assess association of Body mass index (BMI) on respiratory parameters by performing spirometry in apparently healthy adults living in the district Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from January to September 2015. A total of 180 underweight, normal, overweight and obese participants, aged between 18 to 40 years were included in the study. BMI was calculated by measuring weight and height by BMI scale (RGZ-160) in standing position. Pulmonary parameters were determined by spirometry on Power lab (AD instruments). Pulmonary parameters were compared between subjects in different categories of BMI. Results: Mean age of participants was 21.83±5.88 years and the mean BMI was 25.10±6.55 kg/m2. The study results revealed that except for FVC, which was not statistically significant (p=0.45) all other respiratory parameters were significantly different (p≤0.05) in all BMI categories. Mean FEV1/FVC ratio (93.1 vs. 90.3, 86.4 and 86.6 respectively) was highest among underweight as compared to overweight, obese and normal weight individuals. The mean VT was 1.22 vs. 0.90, 1.01 and 0.84 respectively, IRV was 1.04 vs. 1.18, 1.23 and 1.20 respectively, IC was 2.26 vs. 2.08, 2.25 and 2.05 respectively, VC was 2.63 vs. 2.42, 2.54 and 2.54 respectively, TLC was 2.98 vs. 3.03 vs. 3.18 and 3.17 respectively among underweight, overweight, obese and normal weight participants. Conclusion: We found a significant association between body mass index and pulmonary function parameters. Obesity causes detrimental effects on respiratory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the current evidence with regard to the effects of body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) with a focus on outcomes of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiratory parameters. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Clinical trials involving adults with SCI and focusing on the effects of BWSTT on HR, BP, and respiratory measurements were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence of each study was identified using the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence system. Results: Nine studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated and included in this review. Overall, the quality index of all included studies was low. All studies scored less than 21 out of 28 on the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence varied from level 2 to level 4. Level 4 evidence supports the use of BWSTT to decrease resting and exercise HR and improve heart rate variability. The use of BWSTT to improve respiratory parameters after SCI is supported by one study with level 2 evidence. The evidence that supports the use of BWSTT to improve resting BP is inconclusive. Conclusion: There has been low to moderate evidence to support the use of BWSTT in individuals with SCI to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary health. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the effect of BWSTT on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with SCI and compare BWSTT to other physical rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Variants of individual filter samplers and various ways of controlling the speed of the air passing through the filter under different conditions of samplers’ application are considered. Prerequisites for improving reliability of the results obtained, as well as conditions of the samplers’ optimization and application have been analyzed. Pros and cons of their speed control were pointed out. Emphasis is made as to the importance and adequacy of the respiratory signals or their imitation as

Introduction: “Silver Yoga” program has been devised by Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry. Participants practiced the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate possible changes in lung functioning assessed through Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in senior citizens following 12 weeks of an integrated Silver Yoga programme. Materials and Methods: In this comparative pre-post study, 40 elderly women inmates of the hospice were randomised into two groups of 20 each. Yoga group (Group A) received training in the integrated Silver Yoga programme while control group (Group B) did not receive any yoga training. Both the groups however participated in all the routine activities of the Hospice. Anthropometric data, respiratory rate and lung function parameters were recorded before and after the 12-week study period. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of pre and post study data were done using Student’s paired and unpaired t-test respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences between means. Results: After the 12 weeks of Silver Yoga, both weight and BMI showed significant reduction (p

The use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in sport has been increasing in the last years due to their potential positive effects for athletes. However, there is little evidence to support whether these types of garments actually improve cardiorespiratory performance. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses of GCS during running after three weeks of regular use. Twenty recreational runners performed three tests on different days: test 1) – a 5-min maximal effort run in order to determine the participants’ maximal aerobic speed; and tests 2) and 3) – a fatigue running test of 30 minutes at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed with either GCS or PLACEBO stockings at random. Cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation, heart rate, relative oxygen consumption, relative carbon dioxide production, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and oxygen pulse) were measured. Before each test in the laboratory, the participants trained with the randomly assigned stockings (GCS or PLACEBO) for three weeks. No significant differences between GCS and PLACEBO were found in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that running with GCS for three weeks does not influence cardiorespiratory parameters in recreational runners.

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children.Methods:The study included 25 children. Of these children, 13 were physically disabled and 12 were healthy children. The BTL-08 spirometry device was used for measuring the respiratory values of the children. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS) levels were determined.Results:A statistically significant difference was found between the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children in relation to the restrictive patterns (p

Introduction: “Silver Yoga” program has been devised by Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry. Participants practiced the protocol that was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations. Aim: The present study was planned to evaluate possible changes in lung functioning assessed through Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in senior citizens following 12 weeks of an integrated Silver Yoga programme. Materials and Methods: In this comparative pre-post study, 40 elderly women inmates of the hospice were randomised into two groups of 20 each. Yoga group (Group A) received training in the integrated Silver Yoga programme while control group (Group B) did not receive any yoga training. Both the groups however participated in all the routine activities of the Hospice. Anthropometric data, respiratory rate and lung function parameters were recorded before and after the 12-week study period. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of pre and post study data were done using Student’s paired and unpaired t-test respectively. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate significant differences between means. Results: After the 12 weeks of Silver Yoga, both weight and BMI showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in Group A, whereas there was an insignificant increase in Group B. Lung function tests such as FVC, FEV1, PEFR, and FIVC increased significantly (p<0.05) after yoga training, whereas FVC decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the Group B. Group A showed significant decrease in both Respiratory Rate (RR) (p<0.01) and Lung Age (p<0.001) while FEF25-75 increased significantly in both groups. Conclusion: Results of this pilot study give preliminary evidence that incorporation of Yoga as part of senior’s lifestyle can help in promoting health thereby, modifying age related disorders. It is however, limited by the smaller sample size, also limited to a single centre. Further multi-centric studies with larger populations can deepen understanding of intrinsic mechanisms by which these changes are occurring in Silver Yoga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects respiratory functioning and psychosocial factors. However, little is known about perceived ability of people with COPD to engage in a regular exercise program. This study assessed respiratory parameters, exercise capacity, psychosocial factors and their relations in people with COPD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved patients with COPD recruited from a Nigerian university teaching hospital. Respiratory parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed by using a spirometer and FEV 1 /FVC ratio was calculated. Participants were sitting upright in a comfortable chair and wearing a nose clip for measurements. The procedure was performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society criteria. Exercise capacity was assessed by the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Gait speed was assessed by the distance covered in 6 min. Perceived exercise self-efficacy (PESE) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed by exercise self-efficacy and Borg scales, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at P < 0.05. Results The mean age of the 125 participants was 62.0 ± 7.1 years (60% male). The mean values for FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 1 /FVC were 1.8 ± 0.6 L, 2.4 ± 0.5 L and 58.0 ± 8.8%, respectively, and the mean 6MWT and PESE values were 291.1 ± 41.6 m 63.1 ± 11.2%. Exercise capacity was correlated with mean values for the respiratory parameters FEV 1 ( r = 0.29; P = 0.035), FVC ( r = 0.32; P = 0.045) and FEV 1 /FVC ratio ( r = 0.37; P = 0.007), and both exercise capacity and PESE were correlated with gait speed ( r = 0.96, P = 0.001 and r = 0.57; P = 0.042) and RPE ( r = 0.42, P = 0.050 and r = −0.44; P = 0.032), but PESE was not correlated with respiratory parameter values ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Participants with COPD demonstrated reduced respiratory parameter values and low exercise capacity but moderate PESE. We found significant correlations between exercise capacity and respiratory parameter values, but PESE was correlated with only gait speed and RPE. The study has implications for respiratory health promotion and exercise adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blunt chest injury with multiple rib fractures can result in such complications as pneumonia, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, empyema thoracis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and prolonged Intensive Care Unit and hospital stay, with its concomitant mortality. These may be prevented or reduced by good analgesic therapy which is the subject of this study. Methods: This was a prospective study of effects of analgesia on changes in pulmonary functions of patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures resulting from blunt chest injury. Results: There were 64 adult patients who were studied with multiple rib fractures caused by blunt chest trauma. Of these patients, 54 (84.4%) were male and 10 (15.6%) were female. Motorcycle (popularly known as "okada") and tricycle (popularly known as keke napep) accidents significantly accounted for the majority of the multiple rib fractures, that is, in 50 (78.1%) of the patients. Before analgesic administration, no patient had a normal respiratory rate, but at 1 h following the administration of analgesic, 21 (32.8%) of patients recorded normal respiratory rates and there was a significant reduction in the number (10.9% vs. 39.1%) of patients with respiratory rates >30 breaths/min. Before commencement of analgesic, no patient recorded up to 99% of oxygen saturation (SpO2) as measured by pulse oximeter, while 43.8% recorded SpO2 of 96%. This improved after 1 h of administration of analgesics to SpO2 of 100% in 18.8% of patients and 99% in 31.3% of patients and none recording SpO2 of < 97% (P = 0.006). Before analgesia, no patient was able to achieve peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) value >100% of predicted while only 9 (14.1%) patients were able to achieve a PEFR value in the range of 91%-100% of predicted value. One hour after analgesia, a total of 6 (9.4%) patients were able to achieve PEFR values >100% predicted, while 35 (54.7%) patients achieved PEFR values in the range of 91%-100% predicted. Conclusion: Adequate analgesia is capable of reversing the negative effects of chest pain of traumatic multiple rib fractures on pulmonary function parameters through improvement in respiratory mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to test fitness levels of chosen parameters in the respiratory system in comparison to sports results in a group of 100m medley 14-year old male and female swimmers. The main measurement method was based on immediate observation of the following variables: a) The fitness level of particular parameters in the respiratory system, b) The level of swimming fitness. Based on the detailed analysis of the chosen respiratory parameter levels among 14-year old male and female swimmers in relation to their sports result in 100m medley distance, the following general statements have been formulated: the average levels of the chosen respiratory parameters estimated, in most of the cases, above average, especially among female swimmers.

Dysfunction affecting cardiac or pulmonary systems has been postulated as a major factor in sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Whilst the majority of studies of cardiorespiratory function have focused on changes during seizures, here we investigate whether epilepsy influences basal respiratory parameters in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) during the interictal period. Spirometry was performed in 10 females and 10 males. Measurements of Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) and ratios of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) were obtained, and these values were analyzed as percentages of predicted values. None of the patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no significant alterations in respiratory function tests were found among these patients. No association between seizure frequency, antiepileptic drugs and SUDEP could be found in this study. Although the study did not identify any specific respiratory abnormality in TLE patients during the interictal period, re-evaluation of clinical data on pulmonary disorders in people with epilepsy should be better investigated.Alterações cardíacas e pulmonares têm sido propostas como principais fatores de risco no fenômeno da morte súbita em epilepsia (SUDEP). Enquanto a maioria dos estudos tem verificado as alterações da função cardiorrespiratória durante as crises epilépticas, nosso estudo avaliou a função pulmonar de indivíduos com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) no período interictal. Vinte pacientes com ELT (10 homens e 10 mulheres) participaram de nosso estudo. Nos testes de função pulmonar foram mensurados os seguintes parâmetros: Capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF), Capacidade Vital Lenta (CVL), Volume Expiratório Forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e o Índice VEF1/CVF. Os resultados foram comparados aos valores de normalidade preditos na literatura. Nenhum dos pacientes apresentou doença pulmonar obstrutiva ou restritiva e alterações significativas nos testes de função pulmonar. Não foram encontradas associações entre a freqüência de crises, drogas antiepilépticas e SUDEP. Embora nosso estudo não tenha identificado qualquer anormalidade respiratória específica em indivíduos com ELT durante o período interictal, os dados clínicos sobre transtornos pulmonares em indivíduos com epilepsia devem ser melhor avaliados.

Students commonly use backpacks to carry their textbooks, books, pencils, etc on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different backpack weights on pulmonary capacities of schoolchildren. This study was conducted among 30 boy and girls primary school students. Each partticipants for 20 min with different backpack weights (0,5,10 and 15% of body weight) in different days on a treadmill at a speed of 1/1 meters per second would carry. Their lung capacity is vital capacity, forced expiratory volume of air in one second and the ratio of these two measurements were recorded using a spirometer. According the results, significant relationship between the weight of the backpack there was with forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio. The FVC levels were higher in boys than girls and differences between the two groups showed significant. FEV1 levels were higher in girls than boys and differences between the two groups showed significant relationship. In general, backpack weight with each elementary school students was led to reduced lung capacity, carrying backpacks heavier obviously more serious consequences will follow. Therefore appropriate strategies should be carried out on a backpack to remove the Iranian elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases have led to guidelines recommending the routine use of N95 respirators for healthcare workers, many of whom are women of childbearing age. The respiratory effects of prolonged respirator use on pregnant women are unclear although there has been no definite evidence of harm from past use. Methods: We conducted a two-phase controlled clinical study on healthy pregnant women between 27 to 32 weeks gestation. In phase I, energy expenditure corresponding to the workload of routine nursing tasks was determined. In phase II, pulmonary function of 20 subjects was measured whilst at rest and exercising to the predetermined workload while breathing ambient air first, then breathing through N95-mask materials. Results: Exercising at 3 MET while breathing through N95-mask materials reduced mean tidal volume (TV) by 23.0 % (95 % CI -33.5 % to -10.5 %, p < 0.001) and lowered minute ventilation (VE) by 25.8 % (95 % CI -34.2 % to -15.8 %, p < 0.001), with no significant change in breathing frequency compared to breathing ambient air. Volumes of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide expired (VCO2) were also significantly reduced; VO2 by 13.8 % (95 % CI -24.2 % to -3 %, p = 0.013) and VCO2 by 17.7 %, (95 % CI -28.1 % to -8.6 %, p = 0.001). Although no changes in the inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were demonstrated, breathing through N95-mask materials during low intensity work (3 MET) reduced expired oxygen concentration by 3.2 % (95 % CI: -4.1 % to -2.2 %, p < 0.001), and increased expired carbon dioxide by 8.9 % (95 % CI: 6.9 % to 13.1 %; p <0.001) suggesting an increase in metabolism. There were however no changes in the maternal and fetal heart rates, finger-tip capillary lactate levels and oxygen saturation and rating of perceived exertion at the work intensity investigated. Conclusions: Breathing through N95 mask materials have been shown to impede gaseous exchange and impose an additional workload on the metabolic system of pregnant healthcare workers, and this needs to be taken into consideration in guidelines for respirator use. The benefits of using N95 mask to prevent serious emerging infectious diseases should be weighed against potential respiratory consequences associated with extended N95 respirator usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in sport has been increasing in the last years due to their potential positive effects for athletes. However, there is little evidence to support whether these types of garments actually improve cardiorespiratory performance. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses of GCS during running after three weeks of regular use. Twenty recreational runners performed three tests on different days: test 1) - a 5-min maximal effort run in order to determine the participants' maximal aerobic speed; and tests 2) and 3) - a fatigue running test of 30 minutes at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed with either GCS or PLACEBO stockings at random. Cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation, heart rate, relative oxygen consumption, relative carbon dioxide production, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and oxygen pulse) were measured. Before each test in the laboratory, the participants trained with the randomly assigned stockings (GCS or PLACEBO) for three weeks. No significant differences between GCS and PLACEBO were found in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that running with GCS for three weeks does not influence cardiorespiratory parameters in recreational runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of a new automated pulmonary gas analysis system - Exercise Physiology System (EPS). The Oxycon Pro, a well-established automated pulmonary gas analysis system was used as a reference system. Six well-trained cyclists were recruited and performed two identical submaximal exercises on a cycle ergometer over one week interval. During the exercises, pulmonary gas exchange: ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), elimination of carbon dioxide (VCO2), and ratio between carbon dioxide and oxygen (RER) was measured using both systems in randomized order. The exercise was composed of three incremental work-loads (Watt) of low, medium, and high load corresponding to 40%, 60%, and 80% of individual maximal work-load. Each work-load was performed twice so that pulmonary gas exchange was analyzed twice on each work-load using both systems. EPS validity was assessed by comparing the measurements from the two systems. For measurements presenting agreement between the systems, Bland-Altman plot analysis was performed to identify outlier. Reliability was evaluated by comparisons of measurements from repeated tests through each system, and by calculations of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Validity evaluations revealed that the majority of the measurements were in disagreements between the systems and most of them appeared at lower work-loads. The results indicated that at lower work-loads, EPS had lower validity than Oxycon Pro. At higher work-loads, ESP had high and comparable validity with Oxycon Pro. Reliability assessments revealed that agreements between repeated tests appeared in almost all measurements through both systems. Excellent agreements (very high ICC) in measurements between repeated tests were observed in VE, VO2, and VCO2 from both systems, and very small measurement errors (SEM), close to zero were observed in VO2, VCO2, and RER. The results suggested that the two systems had high and comparable reliability in measurement of pulmonary gas exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children. Methods: The study included 25 children. Of these children, 13 were physically disabled and 12 were healthy children. The BTL-08 spirometry device was used for measuring the respiratory values of the children. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS) levels were determined. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the respiratory parameters of physically disabled and healthy children in relation to the restrictive patterns (p<0.001). The values of forced vital capacity (%FVC) were found to be better in children with GMFCS level 2 and lower than children with level 3 and above (p<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to the rehabilitation program for physically disabled children, a pulmonary rehabilitation program aiming to conduct respiratory training and increase the respiratory capacity would be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) has been an emergent demand in the area of healthcare technologies. Specifically for respiratory healthcare there is a lack of tools to produce a complete multimedia database, where respiratory sounds and other clinical data are available in a single repository. This is essential for a complete patient's assessment and management in research/clinical settings. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a usable interface to collect and organise respiratory-related data in a single multimedia database. A GUI, named LungSounds@UA, composed by a multilayer of windows, was developed. The usability of the user-centred interface was as-sessed in a pilot study and in an evaluation session. The users testified the utility of the application and its great potential for research/clinical settings. However, some drawbacks were identified, such as a certain difficulty to intuitively navigate in the great amount of the available information, which will inform future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]