1. IgG Subtype Response against Virulence-Associated Protein A in Foals Naturally Infected with Rhodococcus equi.
- Author
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Mizuguchi, Yuya, Tsuzuki, Nao, Ebana, Marina Dee, Suzuki, Yasunori, and Kakuda, Tsutomu
- Subjects
IMMUNITY ,DRUG resistance in bacteria ,ANTIBODY formation ,VACCINE effectiveness ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ,FOALS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Rhodococcus equi infection causes life-threatening bacterial pneumonia in foals, resulting in significant economic losses to equine farms. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, infected foals receive intensive antibiotic treatment. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in recent years has become problematic. Thus, appropriate use of antibiotics is required. Horses that die from R. equi infection tend to show specific patterns of IgG subtype responses. Therefore, this study focused on qualitative differences in antibody responses to R. equi between resistant and susceptible foals as a means of predicting R. equi susceptibility. These findings may be useful in predicting which foals require treatment. Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes suppurative pneumonia in foals. T-helper (Th) 1 cells play an important role in the protective response against R. equi. In mice and humans, the directionality of IgG switching reflects the polarization of Th-cell responses, but this has not been fully elucidated in horses. In this 4-year study, we classified R. equi-infected foals into surviving and non-surviving group and investigated differences in IgG subclass response to virulence-associated protein A, the main virulence factor of R. equi, between the groups. IgGa, IgGb, and IgG(T) titers were significantly higher in the non-surviving group compared with the surviving group. The titers of IgGa and IgG(T), IgGb and IgG(T), and IgGa and IgGb, respectively, were positively correlated, and the IgG(T)/IgGb ratio in the non-surviving group was significantly higher than that in the surviving group. The IgG(T) titer tended to increase more than the IgGa and IgGb titers in the non-surviving group compared with the surviving group. Our findings suggest that the IgG(T) bias in IgG subclass responses reflects the immune status, which exacerbates R. equi infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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