25 results on '"Roger E. Bawdon"'
Search Results
2. Transfer of Meropenem in the ex Vivo Human Placenta perfusion Model
- Author
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Michael Hnat and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives. To determine maternal-fetal transplacental passage of meropenem in the ex vivo human perfusion model.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Transplacental Passage of Vancomycin in the ex vivo Human Perfusion Model
- Author
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Michael D. Hnat, Julie Gainer, Roger E. Bawdon, and George D. Wendel
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: To determine maternal–fetal transplacental passage of vancomycin in the ex vivo human placental perfusion model.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Bidirectional Transfer and Fetal Vascular Pressure Changes Due to the Presence of 125I-Labeled Inhibin A in the ex-vivo Human Placental Model
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon and Victor Ghetie
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the transport of inhibin A and to determine its effects on fetal vascular pressure at elevated levels in the human placenta using I125 -labeled synthetic glycoprotein.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ex Vivo Human Placental Transfer of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Compounds
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: The transfer of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs has been studied in the ex vivo human placental model. There is a paucity of information on the placental transfer of these drugs because of ethical considerations and the expense involved in the use of the non-human primate model.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Ex Vivo Human Placental Transfer of Rifampin and Rifabutin
- Author
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Kevin P. Magee, David Wimberley, Caren Crane, Sohrab Sobhi, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the ex vivo human placental transfer of rifampin and rifabutin.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Teratogenic and Embryocidal Effects of Zidovudine (AZT) in Sprague-Dawley Rats
- Author
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James T. Christmas, Bertis B. Little, Kraig A. Knoll, Roger E. Bawdon, and Larry C. Gilstrap III
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the effets of zidovudine on the postimplantation embryo and fetus.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Metabolism and Transplacental Transfer of Oseltamivir in the Ex Vivo Human Model
- Author
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Kevin C. Worley, Scott W. Roberts, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Ex Vivo Human Placental Transfer of Trovafloxacin
- Author
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Brian Casey and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the ex vivo human placental transfer of trovafloxacin from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Teratogenic and Embryocidal Effects of Zidovudine (AZT) in Sprague-Dawley Rats
- Author
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Bertis B. Little, Larry C. Gilstrap, Kraig A. Knoll, James T. Christmas, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
animal structures ,genetic structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dermatology ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Andrology ,Zidovudine ,Medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Hysterotomy ,Saline ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Pregnancy ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Embryogenesis ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Embryo ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,embryonic structures ,Immunology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the effets of zidovudine on the postimplantation embryo and fetus.Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given various doses (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg) of zidovudine or saline by an endotracheal tube during the period of embryogenesis (days 6–8, 9–11, 6–11 postconception). The animals were sacrificed on days 18–19 of pregnancy, and their fetuses were removed by hysterotomy. Autopsies under low (15×) and high (40×) power light microscopy were performed on all fetuses.Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the groups with respect to maternal weight gain. There were more pregnancy resorptions in the group receiving high-dose zidovudine (150 mg/kg/day) throughout embryogenesis than in the control group (P = 0.001, respectively). Four major structural anomalies were noted among the 689 fetuses examined, but zidovudine was not associated with an increased frequency of congenital anomalies in rats when it was administered in doses similar to, 3-, and 15-fold higher than the regimen recommended for adult humans. The drug, however, was embryocidal in the high-dose group (P = 0.002).Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous studies of preimplantation mouse embryos that demonstrated an embryocidal effect on preimplantation conceptuses. In summary, post-implantation embryonic zidovudine exposure was associated with significantly increased pregnancy losses (resorptions and intrauterine deaths).
- Published
- 1995
11. Contents, Vol. 31, 1991
- Author
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M. Meyenburg, H.-J. Gent, Manabu Kitao, Johnny S. Younis, Sung Kim, Eliahu Sadovsky, Hiromu Takahashi, Jens-Jörgen Platz-Christensen, Nurith Strauss, Larry C. Gilstrap, Masashi Moriyama, H. Mecke, J. Spona, Osamu Takamiya, T. Ratanasiri, Charles Bahary, Stephen J. Fortunato, B. Bergman, Hans Jørgen Schütten, Adrian Shulman, Hiroka Nakata, Kohkichi Hata, U. Claesson, J. Bartnicki, Per-Göran Larsson, Michael Toar, E.A.P. Steegers, Gerald Wallstersson, P.R. Hein, R.P.M. Steegers-Theunissen, Kaoru Gotoh, Ulla Asping, G. Haugen, Kentaro Takahashi, B. Schurz, J.B. Schmidt, H.W. Jongsma, Hideto Hirano, Toshiyuki Hata, I. Freys, K. Bjøro, S. Stray-Pedersen, E. Saling, A. Trenz, Shlomo Gilboa, I. Nagata, Ken Makihara, Motokazu Higuchi, Anne Lis Mikkelsen, Marjan Pajntar, J. Mark, Boinge Bergman, Mario Baras, Ron Maymon, Arnon Samueloff, Masahiro Maki, K. Seki, Roger E. Bawdon, K. Semm, Daisaku Senoh, Jacques S. Abramowicz, Gitte Schütten, A. Lindmaier, Showa Aoki, Drago Rudel, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, and Mark C. Maberry
- Subjects
Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 1991
12. Placental Transmission of Antibiotics
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon, Scott W. Roberts, and Michael Hnat
- Subjects
Transmission (mechanics) ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,law ,Antibiotics ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,Virology ,law.invention - Published
- 2008
13. The ex vivo human placental transfer of the anti-HIV nucleoside inhibitor abacavir and the protease inhibitor amprenavir
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Article Subject ,Placenta ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Dermatology ,Pharmacology ,In Vitro Techniques ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Amprenavir ,Abacavir ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,HIV Protease Inhibitor ,Humans ,Trough Concentration ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Furans ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Sulfonamides ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Nucleoside inhibitor ,HIV Protease Inhibitors ,Virology ,Dideoxynucleosides ,Infectious Diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ,Ritonavir ,Female ,Carbamates ,business ,Nucleoside ,Ex vivo ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective:The transfer of abacavir, a new nucleoside inhibitor, and amprenavir, a new protease inhibitor, used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, has been studied in theex vivohuman placental model.Methods:Theex vivohuman placental model used C14antipyrine to determine the transport fraction and clearance index of these compounds at both the peak and trough serum concentrations. The clearance index accumulation and tissue concentrations were determined for each drug by high pressure liquid chromatography.Results:The clearance index of abacavir was 0.47 ± 0.19 and 0.50 ± 0.07 at peak and trough concentrations, respectively. The clearance index of amprenavir was 0.38 ± 0.09 and 0.14 ± 0.08 at peak and trough concentrations, respectively. There was no unusual accumulation of either drug in the media or tissue when the perfusion system was closed.Conclusion:Abacavir is the first nueleoside compound studied in the perfusion system with a high clearance index. The transfer of the protease inhibitor amprenavir had a clearance index 2.75 times greater than the clearance index of ritonavir at peak concentration determined in a previous study. At trough concentration the clearance index was much less than at the peak concentration. A similar result was found with ritonavir.
- Published
- 1998
14. Divergent activities of an engineered antibody in murine and human systems have implications for therapeutic antibodies
- Author
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E. Sally Ward, Roger E. Bawdon, Carlos Vaccaro, Raimund J. Ober, and Sylvia Wanjie
- Subjects
Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) ,Receptors, Fc ,Protein Engineering ,Immunoglobulin G ,Mice ,Neonatal Fc receptor ,In vivo ,MHC class I ,Animals ,Humans ,Binding site ,Receptor ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Biological Sciences ,Cell biology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Immunology ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Female ,Binding Sites, Antibody ,Antibody - Abstract
The MHC class I-related receptor, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), plays a central role in regulating the transport andin vivopersistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG). IgG–FcRn interactions can be targeted for engineering to modulate thein vivolongevity and transport of an antibody, and this has implications for the successful application of therapeutic IgGs. Although mice are widely used to preclinically test antibodies, human and mouse FcRn have significant differences in binding specificity. Here we show that an engineered human IgG1 has disparate properties in murine and human systems. The mutant shows improved transport relative to wild-type human IgG1 in assays of human FcRn function but has shortin vivopersistence and competitively inhibits FcRn activity in mice. These studies indicate potential limitations of using mice as preclinical models for the analysis of engineered antibodies. Alternative assays are proposed that serve as indicators of the properties of IgGs in humans.
- Published
- 2006
15. Unilateral Twin Ectopic Pregnancy in a Patient With a History of Multiple Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Author
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Rigoberto Santos-Ramos, Barbara L Hoffman, Charles J. Rolle, Clifford Y. Wai, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Exploratory laparotomy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Herpesvirus 2, Human ,Gonorrhea ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,Case Report ,Dermatology ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Pregnancy ,Pelvic inflammatory disease ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Syphilis ,Treponema pallidum ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Gynecology ,Herpes Genitalis ,Ectopic pregnancy ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Chlamydia Infections ,medicine.disease ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Pregnancy, Ectopic ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Right Fallopian Tube ,Female ,Pregnancy, Multiple ,business ,Pelvic Infection ,Fallopian tube - Abstract
Background. The incidence of unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition. Several factors increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, the most important of which is pelvic inflammatory disease, followed by operative trauma, congenital anomalies, tumors, and adhesions resulting in anatomically distorted fallopian tubes. We present a case of a woman with a history of four confirmed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus 2, and Treponema pallidum. The case illustrates the potential impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the risk of a twin ectopic pregnancy. Case. A 24-year-old primigravida, presented with an unknown last menstrual period, lower abdominal pain, watery vaginal discharge, and vaginal spotting. During this hospitalization, serumβ-HCG testing was 263 mIU/mL and transvaginal ultrasonographic examination suggested a nonviable unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy. At exploratory laparotomy, a 10 cm mass involving the right fallopian tube and ovary was excised. Pathological evaluation of the specimen identified a monochorionic, diamnionic twin ectopic pregnancy within the fallopian tube. Conclusions Patients with a history of multiple (STIs) are known to be at risk for the development of chronic pelvic infection and postinflammatory scarring. The resulting distortion of the normal tubal anatomy leads to an increased risk of an uncommon presentation of ectopic pregnancy.
- Published
- 2006
16. Oral amoxicillin as prophylaxis for endocarditis: what is the optimal dose?
- Author
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Michelle Collins Berry, Roger E. Bawdon, and Adnan S. Dajani
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Administration, Oral ,Gastroenterology ,Pharmacokinetics ,Oral administration ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Endocarditis ,Ingestion ,Humans ,Dosing ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Amoxicillin ,Drug Tolerance ,Endocarditis, Bacterial ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Infectious Diseases ,Tolerability ,Toxicity ,Female ,business ,Digestive System ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We compared serum levels and tolerability of oral amoxicillin in 30 healthy adults who each received 2.0 g of amoxicillin and, 1 week later, 3.0 g of the same preparation. Serum levels of amoxicillin were determined at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours following its ingestion. Mean serum levels of amoxicillin were significantly higher after 3.0-g doses than after 2.0-g doses. Levels in females were higher than in males; this was a reflection of differences in body weights. Food intake had no effect on serum levels. The 2.0-g doses resulted in adequate serum levels; 6 hours after dosing levels were still substantially higher than the MICs for oral streptococci. Three individuals (10%) experienced mild gastrointestinal side effects after they received the 3.0-g doses; no side effects were noted after the 2.0-g doses. We propose that to prevent bacterial endocarditis in adults who are at risk, a single 2.0-g dose of oral amoxicillin may be adequate prophylaxis for dental, oral, or upper respiratory tract procedures.
- Published
- 1994
17. Antibiotic concentration in maternal blood, cord blood and placental tissue in women with chorioamnionitis
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon, Jody B. Dax, Sorab Sobhi, Larry C. Gilstrap, Kenneth J. Trimmer, and Mark C. Maberry
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cefotaxime ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Placenta ,Antibiotics ,Maternal blood ,Chorioamnionitis ,Clavulanic Acids ,Pharmacokinetics ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Ticarcillin ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Clavulanic Acid ,Chemotherapy ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Sulbactam ,medicine.disease ,Fetal Blood ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Reproductive Medicine ,Cord blood ,Regression Analysis ,Ampicillin ,Female ,business ,beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1992
18. Contents, Vol. 28, 1989
- Author
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Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Manabu Kitao, S. Mashiach, V. Toder, M. Grillo, I. Freys, L. Fioroni, S. Degani, John Slack, Peggy Toohill, A.M. Fiskin, Markku Santala, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Toshihiko Shibukawa, L.L. Davis, H.-J. Gent, B.B. Little, Y. Paltieli, A. Reiter, G. Vergarra, Roger E. Bawdon, A. Aharoni, H.J.A. Carp, G. Romano, A. Many, H. Mecke, A.R. Genazzani, A. Weiss, F. G. Lawton, I. Shapiro, L. Nebel, D.M. Serr, George Blackledge, S. Buck, G. Nappi, L. Mettler, Jeffrey L. Schwartz, Jacob Rotmensch, Fuminori Murao, R.E. Bawdon, K. Semm, Osamu Takamiya, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Y. Menashe, Lowell E. Davis, G. Sances, Bertis B. Little, Melanie Griffin, Ch. Argiriou, Daisaku Senoh, M. Scharf, F. Facchinetti, Michael A. Beckett, and Y. Frenkel
- Subjects
Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 1989
19. Rapid Test for Determining the Intracellullar Rhodanese Activity of Various Bacteria
- Author
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Roger E. Bawdon, Peter A. Vandenbergh, and Richard S. Berk
- Subjects
Citrobacter ,Lysis ,Thiocyanate ,biology ,Immunology ,Enterobacter ,Rhodanese ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Serratia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Bacteria - Abstract
A simple, reproducible technique with potential taxonomic application was developed for the rapid detection of rhodanese activity in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The method requires suspension of the growth from three colonies in a solution of lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 60 min. After cell lysis, the presence of rhodanese activity is determined colorimetrically by measuring the amount of thiocyanate formed from thiosulfate and potassium cyanide by use of ferric nitrate. By this technique, a survey of 411 bacterial strains revealed the presence of rhodanese in all test strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Bordetella, Shigella, and Citrobacter. No activity was detected in Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, or Proteus species. Randomly selected strains which did not exhibit rhodanese activity were confirmed to be rhodanese-negative by assay of mechanically disrupted cells harvested from 500 ml of growth medium.
- Published
- 1979
20. Comparison of cefoperazone and cefoxitin concentrations in serum and pelvic tissue of abdominal hysterectomy patients
- Author
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S. P. Guss, Roger E. Bawdon, and David L Hemsell
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Premedication ,Antibiotics ,Urology ,Cefoperazone ,Hysterectomy ,Injections, Intramuscular ,Pelvis ,Microbiology ,Cefoxitin ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Abdominal hysterectomy ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Microbiological assay ,Serum concentration ,Cephalosporins ,Infectious Diseases ,Specimen collection ,Female ,business ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cefoperazone and cefoxitin concentrations were determined in serum and pelvic tissue samples obtained at various intervals after a 2-g intramuscular dose. These levels were determined in 59 women scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy. Concentrations were measured by a new high-pressure liquid chromatography method which correlated with the microbiological assay. The mean times (+/- standard deviation) of specimen collection were 188.5 +/- 61 and 185.5 +/- 55 min for cefoperazone and cefoxitin, respectively. The mean serum levels (+/- standard deviation) were 60.8 +/- 18.0 and 14.6 +/- 8.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. For cefoperazone, the mean pelvic tissue concentration was 19.8 micrograms/g. The mean pelvic tissue concentration for cefoxitin was 7.8 micrograms/g. The ratio of tissue concentration to serum concentration varied from 0.220 to 0.469 for cefoperazone and from 0.176 to 1.031 for cefoxitin. Although the serum and tissue concentrations of cefoperazone were much higher than those of cefoxitin, a greater portion of cefoxitin remained in the tissue. The tissue levels of both cefoperazone and cefoxitin were above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most sensitive pathogens several hours after a single prophylactic dose of either antibiotic.
- Published
- 1982
21. Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ceforanide in infants, children, and adolescents
- Author
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Morris Pfeffer, R D Smyth, Joyce A. Buckley, Adnan S. Dajani, D. R. Van Harken, M C Thirumoorthi, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Microgram ,Urine ,Injections, Intramuscular ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Pharmacokinetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cefamandole ,Child ,Pharmacology ,Volume of distribution ,Ceforanide ,business.industry ,Area under the curve ,Age Factors ,Half-life ,Infant ,Bacterial Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cephalosporins ,Kinetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Anesthesia ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Half-Life - Abstract
We studied the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ceforanide in 46 infants, children, and adolescents, ranging in age from 1 month to 17 years. After the subjects were given 20-mg doses of ceforanide per kg, the mean peak plasma concentration was 56.3 microgram/ml (range, 27.0 to 95.0), the mean 8-h level was 5.9 microgram/ml (range, 1.5 to 13.5), and the mean 12-h level was 1.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.2 to 4.2). Ceforanide half-life varied with the ages of the patients: in 1- to 2-year-old children, in half-life was significantly shorter (1.5 h) than in younger or older children. Plasma concentrations at 8 and 12 h after a dose were lowest in 1- to 2-year-old children. There was no relationship between the area under the curve, the volume of distribution, or the body clearance of ceforanide to the ages of the patients. Within 6 h of administration of the drug, a mean of 77.5% of a dose was excreted in urine, and at the end of 12 h, virtually all (93.9%) of the administered dose was recovered in urine samples. The administration of ceforanide every 12 h did not result in drug accumulation. A dose of 20 mg of ceforanide per kg every 12 h is recommended for most pediatric patients. Dosage recommendations for 1- to 2 year-old children are presented.
- Published
- 1982
22. Comparison of a hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis (HATTS) with other serologic methods for the diagnosis of syphilis
- Author
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David L. Wilson, Berttina B. Wentworth, Muriel A. Thompson, Christopher R. Peter, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hemagglutination ,Dermatology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Gastroenterology ,Serology ,Syphilis Serodiagnosis ,Antigen ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Methods ,Humans ,Syphilis ,Treponema ,biology ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Healthy subjects ,Hemagglutination Tests ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,business - Abstract
Three laboratories participated in studies of a hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis (HATTS), using as antigen sonicated Treponema pallidum coupled to glutaraldehydestabilized turkey erythrocytes by the bis-diazotized benzidine procedure. A total of 1,056 cases of syphilis (373 untreated and 683 treated) was studied, with 93.7% overall agreement between the HATTS and the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-ABS) test. In addition, 1,805 nonsyphilitic sera, including 1,048 from presumably healthy subjects, 502 sera that were biologic false-positives, and 255 sera from patients with diseases other than syphilis, were studied. The HATTS was nonreactive for 99.4% of sera from presumably healthy subjects, 86.9% of biologic false-positive sera, and 84.7% of sera from patients with diseases other than syphilis, compared with FTA-ABS nonreactivity for 99.2% of presumably normal sera, 76.9% of false-positive sera, and 77.3% of sera from patients with other diseases. One laboratory also compared the HATTS with the microhemagglutination-Tre-ponema pallidum (MHA-TP) test. There was no statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) difference in reactivities among the HATTS, MHA-TP, and FTA-ABS procedures for either 617 syphilitic or 966 nonsyphilitic sera. Studies of reproducibility showed no significant difference in performances of the HATTS by three laboratories, and the HATTS was significantly more reproducible than the MHA-TP test. It is concluded that the HATTS would be a suitable substitute for the MHA-TP or FTA-ABS test as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of syphilis.
- Published
- 1978
23. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of the yeastlike and mycelial phases of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Author
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Louis R. Fina, Robert G. Garrison, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
Mitochondrial DNA ,Guanine ,Hot Temperature ,Histoplasma ,Cesium ,Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Nucleic Acid Denaturation ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytosine ,fluids and secretions ,Chlorides ,Centrifugation, Density Gradient ,Molecular Biology ,Blastomyces ,Cell Nucleus ,biology ,Blastomyces dermatitidis ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Nuclear DNA ,Culture Media ,Mitochondria ,chemistry ,Spectrophotometry ,GC-content ,Densitometry - Abstract
The base composition in moles percent guanine plus cytosine (%GC) of both nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from the yeastlike and mycelial phases of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis was determined by techniques of thermal denaturation and CsCl buoyant density gradient equilibrium centrifugation. The mean observed values for GC content of nuclear DNA from H. capsulatum and B. dermatitidis were 47.3 and 48.2%, respectively. What is speculated to be mitochondrial DNA was found to be 34.0% for H. capsulatum and 34.3% for B. dermatitidis . Thermal denaturation curves for Blastomyces DNA indicated a bimodality in thermal denaturation profiles, thereby suggesting a significant mitochondrial DNA contamination. Mitochondrial DNA appeared to represent a smaller percentage of the total DNA prepared from Histoplasma , and was not observed consistently to affect%GC values as determined by thermal denaturation profiles. On the basis of the now known perfect stage of B. dermatitidis ( Ajellomyces dermatitidis ) as a member of the family Gymnoascaceae , the close approximation of%GC content of nuclear DNA of this fungal organism with that of H. capsulatum suggests possible phylogenetic relationship. It is suggested that the just reported, but as yet unclassified, perfect stage of H. capsulatum may be found to be phylogenetically a primitive form of the Gymnoascaceae .
- Published
- 1972
24. The MHC class I-related receptor, FcRn, plays an essential role in the maternofetal transfer of γ-globulin in humans
- Author
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Mihail Firan, Darla Eaken, Victor Ghetie, E. Sally Ward, Caius G. Radu, Felicia Antohe, Roger E. Bawdon, and Raimund J. Ober
- Subjects
Placenta ,Immunology ,Fc receptor ,Receptors, Fc ,In Vitro Techniques ,Immunoglobulin G ,Mice ,Neonatal Fc receptor ,Immunity ,Pregnancy ,MHC class I ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,biology ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Receptors, IgG ,General Medicine ,Recombinant Proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Female ,Binding Sites, Antibody ,Antibody ,Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ,Half-Life ,Plasmids - Abstract
The transfer of maternal gamma-globulin (IgG) provides the neonate with humoral immunity during early life. In humans, maternal IgG is transported across the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy. The expression of the MHC class I-related receptor, FcRn, in the human placenta suggests that this Fc receptor might be involved in the delivery of maternal IgG, but direct evidence to support this is lacking. In the current study an ex vivo placental model has been used to analyze the maternofetal transfer of a recombinant, humanized (IgG1) antibody in which His435 has been mutated to alanine (H435A). In vitro binding studies using surface plasmon resonance indicate that the mutation ablates binding of the antibody to recombinant mouse and human FcRn. Relative to the wild-type antibody, the H435A mutant is deficient in transfer across the placenta. Significantly, the mutation does not affect binding to Fc gamma RIII, an FcR that has been suggested in earlier studies to mediate the transfer of maternal IgG. The analyses demonstrate that binding of an IgG to FcRn is a prerequisite for transport across the perfused placenta. FcRn therefore plays a central role in the maternofetal delivery of IgG and this has implications for the use of protein engineering to improve the properties of therapeutic antibodies.
25. Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid for prophylaxis of postpartum puerperal infections
- Author
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Susan M. Cox, Kenneth J. Leveno, Larry C. Gilstrap, and Roger E. Bawdon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Penicillins ,Clavulanic Acids ,Pregnancy ,Clavulanic acid ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ticarcillin ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid ,Puerperal Infection ,Pharmacology ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Postpartum Period ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,business ,Cefaclor ,Postpartum period ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1988
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