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Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Although it is not commonly transmitted between humans, it can be transmitted through direct handling of cattle or their products, such as raw milk, unevenly heated milk, clotted cream, and cheese, for varying periods. Brucellosis is considered as one of the neglected zoonotic diseases worldwide, as it can cause debilitating acute infections and later become chronic with numerous complications. Aim: To determine the prevalence of brucellosis among patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, over a period of two years, from December 2019 to December 2021. The study included patients who visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) and those admitted to the hospital with fever persisting for more than 5-7 days and Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO). The total sample size was 180, and 5-10 ml of blood was collected from each patient under aseptic precautions from the median cubital vein for serological tests. The blood samples were stored at 2-8°C for the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) assay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The demographic parameters considered included clinical history, age, gender, residency, and history of animal exposure. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0, employing the Chi-Square test, Fisher’s-Exact test, and descriptive statistics. The significance level employed was set at p-value

This study detected the presence of Brucella sp. antibodies in Sapera goats in Siliragung sub-district, Banyuwangi District using serological tests. The screening test used in this study was the Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Brucellosis causes goats to experience abortion and disruptive of reproduction system. The method used in this research is purposive sampling method using the criteria of sapera goats that have never been vaccinated. Using the blood serum of Sapera goats taken at the Siliragung subdistrict farm, Banyuwangi. The results of the study did not show any samples that were considered positive for Brucellosis in the Rose Bengal Test. In this study, no Brucella sp. antibodies were found in Sapera goats in Siliragung sub-district, Banyuwangi District.

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Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (n = 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (n = 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (n = 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies against Brucella species. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35–3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14–3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa. Contribution: The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016–2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country’s cattle population.

Brucellosis is a widespread and endemic disease in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions, and it has significant public health and livestock industry concerns. It can affect a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of thelatent infection of brucellosisin calves; Rose Bengal and indirect ELISA tests were conducted for this purpose. The serum samples were collected from 184 local calves of both sexes aged between 1 to 8 months (92 males and 92 females) from different regions of Mosul city. The current study revealed that all samples tested negative with the Rose Bengal test, whereas, in indirect ELISA 5.9%, the samples were against Brucella species. The seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies showed no statistical differences between males and females, which was 5.4 and 6.5%, respectively. This study concluded that the indirect ELISA test showed high diagnostic efficacy in detecting anti-Brucella antibodies in young calves.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that is endemic in many countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Livestock centers in Indonesia have not been free from Brucellosis disease, which reaches 40% and spread almost throughout Indonesia. This study aimed to detect the presence of Brucellosis antibodies in Etawah Crossbreed at Siliragung District, Banyuwangi using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) method. The data that will be obtained later was expected to provide benefits in reducing the possibility of Brucellosis spread and can be used as a reference for Brucellosis control programs in goats. The results showed that the RBT examination in the sample population of Etawah Crossbreed in Siliragung District which was taken showed negative results in all samples. The conclusion of this study was that Brucella abortus antibodies were not found in Etawah Crossbreed in Siliragung District, Banyuwangi.

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (n = 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (n = 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (n = 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies against Brucella species. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35-3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14-3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa. Contribution: The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016-2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country's cattle population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease with incidence up to 50% in the general population. It is characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film and accompanied by ocular symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire is designed to provide a rapid assessment of the symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of OSDI. Methods. A prospective, randomized and observational study was conducted at the Clinic for Eye Disease, University Clinical Center of Serbia, between December 2018 and February 2019. The OSDI questionnaire was used to rate the severity of dry eye disease. Schirmer I test, tear break-up time test (TBUT), Rose Bengal test and lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) test were performed as a clinical proof of the symptoms. Results. A total of 27 patients, 15 male (55.4%) and 12 female (44.6%), with mean age of 60 ± 15 years were included in the study. The average value of OSDI score was 26.37 ± 23.98 (0–80). Schirmer I test and Rose Bengal test for the right and the left eye, as well as the TBUT test for the left eye were positively correlated with OSDI score (Spearman correlation coefficient). Conclusion. OSDI questionnaire is a fast, reliable, and inexpensive test. In our study we have found a correlation between the OSDI score and other clinical tests, except with LIPCOF test. At this moment, the questionnaire that could be the gold standard for dry eye disease diagnosis does not exist, therefore further studies concerning this topic are needed.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a significant economic and public health impact, which particularly affects humans and animal species in developing countries relying on livestock production. This study was conducted to provide asero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the central part of Cameroon. Sera from randomly collected blood samples were screened for Brucella antibodies using the rapid Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno­-Sorbent Assay(i-ELISA). A questionnaire was administered to butchers to trace the origin of each animal sampled and know the age and sex of these animals. Statistical significance was determined by Chi-Square test using SPSS v 20 software. A total of 460 cattle (both male and female) were screened. RBPT detected Brucella antibodies in 67 (14.63%) With iELISA, 41 (9, 4%) samples tested positive for detecting Brucella LPS antibodies for confirmation. Data such as animal ageand their origin were not significant; however, the sexwas statistically significant. Animals from Ngaoundere were found to be more affected than animals from Bertoua. Therefore, the overall sero-prevalence obtained was 67 (14.63%) for RBPT and 41 (9, 4%) for i-ELISA.

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Simple Summary: The presented manuscript provides the first data about the important zoonotic disease, brucellosis, in the population of wild boars on the territory of Serbia. Brucellosis is an important disease of animals, both domestic and wild, and humans, and is of exceptional importance. Recently, the disease has re-emerged in some countries and is a threat to public health. The infection was never investigated before in the population of wild boars in Serbia, although the reported infections in domestic pigs indicate the possible pathogen transmission from wild to domestic pigs. Applied serology assays provided Brucella seroprevalences in wild boars, while a wealth of statistics delivered important data. The obtained results confirm the presence of the infection in the population of wild boars in Serbia and open new chapters for the future investigations of brucellosis in wild boars in Serbia. Brucellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, characterized in domestic animals by long-term reproductive disorders. As known, wild boars (Sus scrofa) are natural hosts for Brucella suis biovar 2, in which the infection passes in inapparent form, increasing the pathogen transmission risk to domestic pigs, other domestic animals and humans. So far, no studies regarding brucellosis in wild boars in Serbia have been published. During the hunting season 2020/2021, 480 sera of wild boars living in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. For the serological survey, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) were used. Of the 480 sera, 45 sera tested positive, indicating the acquired Brucella seroprevalence in wild boars of 9.4%. The greatest numbers of Brucella seropositive animals were detected in the eastern parts of the country and in one of the central districts, i.e., Pomoravski, Branicevski, Borski and Juznobanatski. This study provides the first data regarding brucellosis in the wild boar population in Serbia, revealing the seroprevalence of Brucella, thus indicating that wild boars as natural hosts and/or vectors of Brucella likely present a risk for the infection of other animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis remains a serious infection to human and animal populations in developing countries with detrimental effects on public health. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of brucellosis in cow and buffaloes at Erbil Governorate, Iraq by detection anti-Brucella antibodies and isolation of Brucella species. A total of 265 blood samples (140 from cows and 125 from buffaloes) were collected from villages around Erbil city, and 320 raw milk samples (170 from cow and 150 from buffaloes) were randomly collected from dairy farms during the period from July to December 2019. The results showed an overall seroprevalence of 11.7% according to rose Bengal test (RBT). The isolation of Brucella abortus was 7/19 (36.8%) and 12 / 19 (63.2%), while 9/24 (37.5%) and 15 /24 (62.5%) were Brucella melitensis from cattle and buffaloes milk samples, respectively. Noticeable increase in occurrence was found in November (20.8%), while the lowest rate was seen in July (5.9%). In conclusion, brucellosis is still a significant public health hazard in Erbil Governorate. Based on the test performance, the study recommends MRT as a rapid screening test for detecting brucellosis in milk in farms, centers, and dairy factories. Consumers are also recommended to adequately pasteurize the milk in order to kill this milk-borne pathogen before consumption

Introduction: Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis infections, with an important impact on the health and economy worldwide. This study aimed to update and provide epidemiological information on this infection and evaluate Rose Bengal Test, which is used as an essential diagnostic test for brucellosis in Erbil. Methodology: A total of 325 participants seeking care and reporting fever at Rizgary Teaching Hospital were enrolled. Blood samples were tested for Brucella spp. antibodies using Rose Bengal Test and blood culture followed by species identification. A questionnaire was administered to detect the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of probable and confirmed brucellosis was 12.3% (95% CI 9.2-16.3) and 9.5% (95% CI 6.8-13.2) respectively. The majority of cases were in the age group of 18-39 years. Brucellosis was significantly associated with raw milk consumption (OR = 10.3 95% CI 5-22.4) and contact with livestock (OR = 11.5 95% CI 5.6-23.9). Brucella melitensis (58.1%) and Brucella abortus (41.9%) are the dominant species in the area. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Rose Bengal Test in comparison to the blood culture were 100%, 96.9%, 77.5 %, and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Brucellosis is a significant cause of fever in Erbil and could be diagnosed by the Rose Bengal Test taking into account the compatibility of clinical features with the positive result. The vaccination of livestock and boiling or pasteurization of milk are essential procedures to reduce the frequency of human brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to detect Brucellosis in female dairy cattle in Turen District, Malang Regency. A total of 78 samples were used in this research taken from 351 total population of female dairy cattle that have been calculated based on the slovin formula. The methods used in this research were Rose Bengal Test (RBT) for the screening test and continued with Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for the confirmation test. The results RBT of this research clearly showed that positive results from 10 samples were confirmed as a final diagnostic test of Brucellosis using CFT. CFT showed a positive result from 9 samples and negative in 1 sample. The percentage of Brucellosis occurrence in the Turen District was recorded at 11.5%. Moreover, Turen District also became an area with a high Brucellosis occurrence (>2%).

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeteksi adanya antibodi dari Brucella pada ternak sapi perah betina di Banyuwangi menggunakan uji Rose Bengal Test (RBT) untuk uji cepat dan dikonfirmasi dengan menggunakan Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Sebanyak 84 sampel dari 516 sapi perah betina di Banyuwangi, kemudian diambil secara acak. Sampel yang diambil berasal dari serum sapi perah betina. Hasil penelitian ditemukan dua sampel yang dinyatakan positif Brucellosis dengan uji RBT dan CFT. RBT merupakan uji screening yang dapat memberikan hasil positif palsu, dan kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan uji CFT untuk melihat titer hasil vaksin atau infeksi alam. Hasil positif pada uji RBT memiliki hubungan dengan hasil titer CFT karena titer antibodi pada RBT dapat diukur dari derajat aglutinasi yang terbentuk. Hasil seropositif penyakit Brucellosis di Banyuwangi sebesar 2%.

Brucellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, characterized in domestic animals by long-term reproductive disorders. As known, wild boars (Sus scrofa) are natural hosts for Brucella suis biovar 2, in which the infection passes in inapparent form, increasing the pathogen transmission risk to domestic pigs, other domestic animals and humans. So far, no studies regarding brucellosis in wild boars in Serbia have been published. During the hunting season 2020/2021, 480 sera of wild boars living in Serbia were collected and tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. For the serological survey, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) were used. Of the 480 sera, 45 sera tested positive, indicating the acquired Brucella seroprevalence in wild boars of 9.4%. The greatest numbers of Brucella seropositive animals were detected in the eastern parts of the country and in one of the central districts, i.e., Pomoravski, Branicevski, Borski and Juznobanatski. This study provides the first data regarding brucellosis in the wild boar population in Serbia, revealing the seroprevalence of Brucella, thus indicating that wild boars as natural hosts and/or vectors of Brucella likely present a risk for the infection of other animals.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keberadaan antibodi dari bakteri brucella pada sapi perah di Kecamatan Purwoharjo Kabupaten Banyuwangi menggunakan Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis diskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, yaitu metode yang menggambarkan keberadaan antibodi Brucella pada sapi perah dengan cepat. Informasi pendukung diperoleh dari survei peternak dengan teknik wawancara. Sampel ditentukan dengan rumus slovin dengan ukuran sampel sebanyak 75 sampel dari 294 ekor sapi pada populasi sapi perah di Kecamatan Purwoharjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 2 sampel dinyatakan positif Brucella dari 75 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa reaktor Brucella ditemukan pada sapi perah di Kecamatan Purwoharjo Kabupaten Banyuwangi yang berpotensi menyebabkan penyakit Brucellosis. Harapan dari penelitian ini adalah data yang diperoleh dapat diuji ulang dan diuji lebih lanjut dalam penelitian selanjutnya sehingga hasil dapat dikonfirmasi.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of economic and public health concern. While most diagnostic tests for brucellosis can only be performed in the laboratory, the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) was developed as a rapid point-of-care field test. This pilot project aimed to validate the use of FPA for rapid diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis on the field, and to compare the FPA performance with that of the more commonly used Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Blood samples were first collected from ruminants in a livestock market, and later from a nearby slaughterhouse in Port Bouët, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Samples collected in the livestock market were processed and tested with the FPA in a central laboratory, while samples collected in the slaughterhouse were processed immediately and the FPA was performed on site. To assess the FPA intra-test agreement, a portion of the serum samples tested at the slaughterhouse were re-tested with the FPA in the laboratory later the same day. To assess inter-test agreement, all serum samples were retested with the RBT. A total of 232 samples were tested with the FPA, 106 and 126 from the livestock market and slaughterhouse, respectively. Of these, 26 tested positive and 39 were doubtful for brucellosis. The FPA was repeated on 28 of the samples collected at the slaughterhouse, and comparison of results indicated a moderate intra-test agreement (Kappa = 0.41). The agreement improved when the doubtful category was treated as negative (Kappa = 0.65), and when cattle were excluded (Kappa = 0.56 to 0.61). The RBT was performed on 229 samples, and of these 10 tested positive. A comparison of FPA and RBT results indicated poor agreement (Kappa = 0.00); this improved to slight when only samples taken at the livestock market and tested in the laboratory were considered (Kappa = 0.14). The FPA did not perform well in tropical field conditions, possibly due to the high ambient temperatures in the slaughterhouse. Moreover, a difference in performance was noted in relation to the species tested, whereby the FPA seemed to perform better on sheep and goat samples, compared to cattle samples. These findings highlight that further adjustments are needed before implementing the FPA on the field.

This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies in small ruminants in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar area, Libya. Nine regions were selected for the investigation (Al- Goba, Al- Wasata, Side Kahled, Lamloda, Al-Hesha, Marawa, Al-Gagab, Gandola and Ain Mara). Seroprevalence was assayed using the Rose – Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Four hundred blood samples were collected randomly from 247 sheep and 153 goats with a history of abortion and reproductive disorders, during the period from January 2015 to June 2016. Approximately 10 ml blood sample was taken from each animal, in vacutainers. Serum samples were separated and subjected to examination by the RBPT. Samples showing visible agglutination within 4 mins. were regarded as positive for anti- Brucella antibodies. Data were analyzed statistically by the Chi- square test using the SpSS software, at p ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Out of the 400 ovine and caprine sera tested, 125 (38%) were positive for anti – Brucella antibodies by the RBPT (Table 3). The rate of seropositivity was higher in goats (69.3%) than in sheep (18.6%) (Table 2). There were variations in seroreactivity from different regions. For instance, sera from Al- Hesha and Gandola exhibited 100% positivity, whereas those from both species in Al- Gagab were remarkably sero-negative (0%) (Table 3). Striking differences were shown by the sera from Gandola and Ain- Mara. Where all the caprine sera from Gandola were positive for anti – Brucella antibodies, all the 18 sera from Ain- Mara were serologically negative. Serum reactivity from both goats and sheep in other regions ranged between 60 and 83.3% in goats and 11.5 and 23.3% in sheep (Table 3). It can be concluded that the prevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies is high in small ruminants of Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar, Libya and may indicate a possible existence of Brucellosis in goats and sheep.

Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution that can affect dogs, wild canids and man. It is caused by Brucella canis, but dogs can also be infected by smooth Brucella such as B. abortus and B. suis. Due to the increasing importance of dogs in our society, to the scarcity of information about canine brucellosis in the country and its zoonotic character, the aims of the present study were (i) to conduct a survey on the infection by B. canis and smooth Brucella in dogs from the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, and (ii) to evaluate the risk factors associated with these infections. Sera from 241 dogs were analyzed by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) to detect B. canisantibodies, and Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen test (BAPA) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) to detect antibodies to smooth Brucella. From the 241 tested dogs, 132 reacted in the AGID and 128 reacted in the BAPA, but only two were positive in FPA. The seroprevalences of B. canis and smooth Brucella infections in dogs in Araguaína were 54.77% (95% CI: 48.25 to 61.17%) and 0.83% (95% CI: 0.10 to 2.97%), respectively. The analysis of risk factors showed associations between B. canis infection and vaccination against leptospirosis, and between B. canis infection and use of manufactured food. In conclusion, data from the present study showed a low prevalence of infection by smooth Brucella and a widespread and high prevalence of infection by B. canis in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil.

In a herd of 20 sheep in Sweden, a country where brucellosis has never been diagnosed in sheep or goats, a total of six sheep were found serologically positive to Brucella melitensis in two different rounds of sampling. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 could at the time of the second sampling be isolated from four sheep, one of them at the same time serologically positive for B. melitensis. The article describes the case and gives some background information on brucellosis and Y. enterocolitica in general as well as a more specific description of the Swedish surveillance program for B. melitensis and the test procedures used. The problem with false-positive reactions, in particular its implications for surveillance programs in low prevalence or officially brucellosis-free countries, is discussed.

La brucelosis es una enfermedad bacteriana generalizada con tendencia a la cronicidad si no se trata adecuadamente. El diagnóstico de laboratorio se realiza por el aislamiento e identificación del agente o en la mayoría de los casos mediante pruebas serológicas. En este estudio se informa la prevalencia de anticuerpos séricos contra Brucella sp. en habitantes de comunidades rurales de Cartago dedicadas principalmente a la ganadería de leche. Se analizó un total de 714 muestras representativas de la población mediante la técnica de aglutinación Rosa de Bengala en lámina (RBT) y la prueba de aglutinación en microplaca (SAT). Se encontró una prevalencia de 0.87 %, y en ninguna persona seropositiva se demostró seroconversión. Aún, cuando el 71 % de la población refirió consumir leche no pasteurizada, no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (1.09 %, IC 0.30-2.77) entre el consumo de leche no pasteurizada y la presencia de anticuerpos sugestivos de infección por Brucella sp. A pesar de ser una zona de alta prevalencia de brucelosis bovina por Brucella abortus, la ausencia de síntomas en la población y los bajos títulos de anticuerpos observados sugieren una escasa exposición previa al agente.Prevalence of serum antibodies for the bacterium Brucella sp. in a tropical human population. Brucellosis is a systemic bacterial disease that can last years if not treated properly. The laboratory diagnosis is made by serological tests or isolation of the agent. We studied the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella sp. in inhabitants of rural communities of Cartago, Costa Rica, who are dedicated mainly to dairy cattle activities. We analyzed 714 representative samples with the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBT) and the standard agglutination test in microplate (SAT). The overall prevalence was 0.87 %. No seroconversion was demonstrated for seropositive individuals. Even though 71 % of the population mentioned consuming non-pasteurized milk, no statistically significant association was found (1.09 %, IC 0.30-2.77) between milk consumption and the presence of antibodies suggestive of infection by Brucella sp. As a brucellosis high-risk population, the absence of symptoms in the population agrees with the observed titers of antibodies, suggesting a low previous exposure to the agent. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (2): 385-391. Epub 2007 June, 29.

Brucellosis causes appreciable economic losses in livestock. Examination of milk and tissues from animals in Egypt for Brucella spp. showed increased prevalence rates of serologically reactive animals. All isolates were B. melitensis biovar 3. One Brucella sp. was isolated from milk of serologically nonreactive buffaloes.

Objectives The present study aims to inspect the connection between patients with SLE and RF, CRP, Brucellosis and compression between immunofluorescence technique and latex agglutination method to detect ANA. Methods A total of 90 serum sample collected from patients with symptoms and signs of SLE those send to the immunity lab in Al-Hussein hospital. The immunofloriscent ANA test, SLE latex agglutination test, RF, CRP and Rose Bengal tests were done to all these samples. Results The results show that there was significant difference between males (16%) and females (84%) patients with sign and symptom of SLE, while there was no significant difference in CRP, RF, in patients with SLE positive (50%,17%) and SLE negative patients (48.5%,17%), continuously Rose Bengal test is higher in SLE negative patients than in SLE positive patients (15.2%, 8.3%). Finally, there is significant difference in diagnosis of SLE disease between IF technique and latex agglutination test (41.6%, 100%). Conclusions Latex agglutination test for ANA detection is reliable, specific but less sensitive test when compared to SLE IF test. There are significance differences in Rose Bengal test in SLE negative and in SLE positive patient's, while there are non-significance difference in CRP, RF in SLE positive samples and in SLE negative samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and purpose: Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in Iran that is shared between humans and animals and is caused by species of Brucella. The present study aims to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in people suspicious of brucellosis referred to the Health Care Center of Gonbad during 2009-11. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood specimen was taken from patients and their serum was separated. Rose Bengal antigens, antigens of Brucella abortus strain 19 and 2ME buffer were prepared and Rose Bengal test was performed on all sera. In positive cases, to determine antibody titr, tube Wright and 2ME were performed (1.80 ≤ were considered positive). Results: Of 318, 42 (13.2%) were positive, among whom were 20 women (47.6%) and 22 males (52.4%). Having conducted the Rose Bengal test 46 (14.5%), tube Wright (1.80 ≤) 42 (13.2%) and 2ME (1.80 ≤) 34 cases (7.10%) were proved to be positive. Conclusion: The rate of Seroprevalence in the study area is indicative of high incidence of the disease. It seems a large number of communities due to lifestyle (close contact with pets and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products) are exposed to pollution. Because of occupational nature of the disease in the region, vaccination, patient care, overseeing the slaughter of livestock and the use of pasteurized dairy products are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a systemic bacterial disease that can last years if not treated properly. The laboratory diagnosis is made by serological tests or isolation of the agent. We studied the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella sp. in inhabitants of rural communities of Cartago, Costa Rica, who are dedicated mainly to dairy cattle activities. We analyzed 714 representative samples with the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBT) and the standard agglutination test in microplate (SAT). The overall prevalence was 0.87 %. No seroconversion was demonstrated for seropositive individuals. Even though 71 % of the population mentioned consuming non-pasteurized milk, no statistically significant association was found (1.09 %, IC 0.30-2.77) between milk consumption and the presence of antibodies suggestive of infection by Brucella sp. As a brucellosis high-risk population, the absence of symptoms in the population agrees with the observed titers of antibodies, suggesting a low previous exposure to the agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in sera of 120 cows in Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm and adjacent villages, Bangladesh. The epidemiological history and blood was collected from the cows. The serum samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and plate agglutination test (PAT) for initial screening of Brucella antibodies and the positive sera samples were then subjected to tube agglutination test (TAT) for further confirmation. The higher rate of Brucella antibody was recorded in rural farm (5.0%) than organized farm (2.5%) and in pregnant cows (5.9%) than non-pregnant cows (4.7%). A total of 3 (4%) Brucella positive antibody cases were recorded in cows of above four years of age whereas, 1 (2.3%) positive case was found in cows of less than 4 years of age. The study revealed that number of Red Shindi was the highest and the prevalence of brucellosis in Bangladesh cow population is not negligible and it is worthwhile to consider adoption of preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyse the diagnostic yield of the rose Bengal test for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis in an emergency department in an area where the disease is endemic. The study included 711 patients diagnosed initially with brucellosis and 270 controls. Brucellosis patients were divided into three groups: group I, individuals with no regular exposure to or history of brucellosis; group II, individuals exposed repeatedly toBrucellainfection; and group III, individuals infected withBrucellawho had received appropriate treatment during the previous 12 months. Blood cultures were positive for 445 (62.6%) brucellosis patients, while the remaining 266 (37.4%) patients were diagnosed according to clinical and serological criteria. The overall sensitivity of the rose Bengal test was 92.9%. The specificities for groups I, II and III were 94.3%, 91.7% and 76.9%, respectively, with positive likelihood ratios of 16.5, 10.4 and 4.2, respectively. The diagnostic gain after the performance of the rose Bengal test was good or very good in patients with no previous exposure toBrucellaor history of brucellosis, but poor in patients who were exposed repeatedly toBrucellaor had a history of brucellosis and a low pre-test probability. Use of the rose Bengal test as the sole technique for the diagnosis of brucellosis in endemic areas should be considered very carefully in the context of patients who are exposed repeatedly toBrucellaor have a history of brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of economic and public health concern. While most diagnostic tests for brucellosis can only be performed in the laboratory, the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) was developed as a rapid point-of-care field test. This pilot project aimed to validate the use of FPA for rapid diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis on the field, and to compare the FPA performance with that of the more commonly used Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Blood samples were first collected from ruminants in a livestock market, and later from a nearby slaughterhouse in Port Bouët, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Samples collected in the livestock market were processed and tested with the FPA in a central laboratory, while samples collected in the slaughterhouse were processed immediately and the FPA was performed on site. To assess the FPA intra-test agreement, a portion of the serum samples tested at the slaughterhouse were re-tested with the FPA in the laboratory later the same day. To assess inter-test agreement, all serum samples were retested with the RBT. A total of 232 samples were tested with the FPA, 106 and 126 from the livestock market and slaughterhouse, respectively. Of these, 26 tested positive and 39 were doubtful for brucellosis. The FPA was repeated on 28 of the samples collected at the slaughterhouse, and comparison of results indicated a moderate intra-test agreement (Kappa = 0.41). The agreement improved when the doubtful category was treated as negative (Kappa = 0.65), and when cattle were excluded (Kappa = 0.56 to 0.61). The RBT was performed on 229 samples, and of these 10 tested positive. A comparison of FPA and RBT results indicated poor agreement (Kappa = 0.00); this improved to slight when only samples taken at the livestock market and tested in the laboratory were considered (Kappa = 0.14). The FPA did not perform well in tropical field conditions, possibly due to the high ambient temperatures in the slaughterhouse. Moreover, a difference in performance was noted in relation to the species tested, whereby the FPA seemed to perform better on sheep and goat samples, compared to cattle samples. These findings highlight that further adjustments are needed before implementing the FPA on the field.

Aquatic mammals can act as sentinels of emerging and resurging pathogens in the environment. Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. are 2 zoonotic pathogens relevant to aquatic mammals, and their detection can be used to assess pathogen exposure. In this study, serum from 84 individuals-63 cetaceans (families Iniidae, n = 37; Delphinidae, n = 22; and Kogiidae, n = 4) and 21 West Indian manatees Trichechus manatus-was tested by the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for detecting Brucella spp. antibodies, and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for screening Leptospira spp. exposure. Overall, 4.8% (3/63) of cetaceans were positive by RBT and 15.9% (10/63) by c-ELISA for Brucella spp. Serum from 8 c-ELISA positive cetaceans (with available serum) was further tested via serum agglutination test (SAT) and 1 individual was positive. c-ELISA was more sensitive than RBT. Exposure to Brucella spp. was found in 5 cetacean species: Clymene dolphin Stenella clymene, short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata, melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra and Atlantic bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus in the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, expanding the range of known Brucella seropositive aquatic hosts. No evidence of Brucella spp. exposure was found in Iniidae and Kogiidae odontocetes and manatees. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were not detected in cetaceans and sirenians by MAT. These results contribute to the evaluation of different Brucella spp. serological methods in cetaceans and manatees and highlight the epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens in aquatic mammals of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean and the Amazon basin.

In a herd of 20 sheep in Sweden, a country where brucellosis has never been diagnosed in sheep or goats, a total of six sheep were found serologically positive to Brucella melitensis in two different rounds of sampling. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 could at the time of the second sampling be isolated from four sheep, one of them at the same time serologically positive for B. melitensis. The article describes the case and gives some background information on brucellosis and Y. enterocolitica in general as well as a more specific description of the Swedish surveillance program for B. melitensis and the test procedures used. The problem with false-positive reactions, in particular its implications for surveillance programs in low prevalence or officially brucellosis-free countries, is discussed.