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Background and Aim: Broiler meat is susceptible to lipid oxidation due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially when stored for a long time. Concerning with that problem, we can add natural compounds to the animal feed, as the plant essential oils, which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, and chemical composition of the meat of broilers fed with diets containing different essential oil, including lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and pedestrian tea (Lippia aff. rotundifolia). Materials and Methods: The experimental design used was a 4×4 factorial scheme (storage time×diets), and each treatment was repeated thrice. The treatments were applied as negative control (without antimicrobial); positive control (ration supplemented with 10 ppm of enramycin and 42 ppm of salinomycin), lemongrass (ration with 120 mg of essential oil of lemongrass for each kilogram of live weight of the animals), and pedestrian tea (ration with 120 mg of essential oil of pedestrian tea for each kilogram of live weight of the animals). Storage was performed after slaughter and evaluated monthly for 4 months. Results: The inclusion of lemongrass oil and pedestrian tea in the broiler diet did not change the ether extract content of the meat sample obtained from thigh and drumstick. The storage time promotes an increase in the moisture loss of the meat from the 2nd month in all treatments. There was an interaction between the additive and storage time for moisture loss. In the 2nd month of storage, the meat from broilers fed the antibiotic-containing feed had a lower moisture loss than those from broilers in the other treatment groups. The fatty acid profile did not differ statistically between the different treatment groups. The inclusion of additives in the food dropped the lipid oxidation at the 2nd month of storage. From the 3rd month, however, only the essential oils showed antioxidant effect. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity was positive for treatments that included essential oils. The lemongrass oil and pedestrian tea can be used as antioxidant additives in broiler diets to improve the oxidative stability of thigh-drumstick meat during storage. The results of the study suggest a good prospective for further research with profitability of usage essentials oils examined, for their economical application as feed components in broiler nutrition.

We have previously demonstrated the presence of Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in rat ovary homogenates and its stimulatory effect on estradiol and progesterone production. The present study was undertaken to identify the cellular localization of Ang-(1-7) and its receptor Mas in the rat ovary in the different phases of the estrous cycle. Ang-(1-7) and Mas were localized by immunohistochemistry and Mas mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Immunostaining for both Ang-(1-7) and Mas was found in all phases of the estrous cycle, particularly in the thecal and interstitial cells, as well as in regressing corpora lutea. However, granulosa cells were positive only in antral and preovulatory follicles at proestrus and estrus phases. This pattern contrasted with the distribution of the octapeptide Ang II, which was abundant in granulosa but not in theca cells. In addition, the expression of Mas mRNA was demonstrated in all estrous cycle phases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity did not vary between estrous cycle phases, whereas prolyl endopeptidase activity was significantly higher in diestrus and neutral endopeptidase activity was significantly higher in metestrus. These data provide the first evidence that new RAS components are dynamically expressed in the ovary across the rat estrous cycle. Further functional studies should clarify the role of Ang-(1-7) signaling through Mas receptor in the regulation of ovarian physiology.

Background Lychnophora ericoides Mart. (Asteraceae) is a Brazilian plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammation by topical administration. In recent years, this medicine has begun to be used orally. However, no study concerning its toxicity profile has been reported. Objective The study evaluates the potential toxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of the Lychnophora ericoides, through the methods of acute and sub-acute oral administration in mice. Method An acute toxicity study was performed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development protocol (OECD 423). A single extract dose of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg (n=3/group) was administered orally to female Swiss mice. For subacute toxicity, the protocol OECD 407 was followed. Doses of 50, 300, and 500 mg/kg (n=10/group) of the extract were administered daily to Swiss mice of both sexes for 28 days. Abnormal behavior, muscle strength, toxic symptoms, weight, and death were observed when assessing toxicity. Biochemical analysis, hematological analysis, macroscopic examination, and histopathological examination of several organs were conducted at the end of the treatment period. Results In acute and subacute toxicity, the extract did not produce mortality. The acute toxicity study revealed alterations in the behavioral test and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. The subacute oral toxicity test showed changes in hematologic and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart indicated degenerative characteristics with inflammatory infiltrates focus. Conclusion The study results suggest that oral use of Lychnophora ericoides leaves extract should be performed with caution in low doses in both single and repeated administrations.

Differences in the features of aggressiveness of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) subtypes, between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are relevant characteristics. Comparing the characteristics between NMSC subtypes might help identify molecules associated with cancer metastasis and invasion. Considering these facts, the current study aimed to identify a molecular target for inhibiting skin cancer metastasis and invasion. Proteomic analysis suggested that heat shock protein 90 kDa, alpha, class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), pentaxin (PTX3), caspase-14 (CASP14), S100, actin-1, and profilin were the primary targets related to metastasis and invasion. However, after a differential expression comparison between BCC and SCC, HSP90AB1 was identified as the best target to repress metastasis and invasion. Based on molecular docking results, gallic acid (GA) was selected to inhibit HSP90AB1. A specific Hsp90ab1 siRNA targeting was designed and compared to GA. Interestingly, GA was more efficient in silencing HSP90AB1 than siRNAhsp90ab1. Hence, our data suggest that HSP90AB1 is a crucial biomarker for identifying invasion and metastasis and that its inhibition may be a viable strategy for treating skin cancer.

Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging.

Background Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil, also known as “lixeirinha or sambaibinha” is a shrub belonging to the Dilleniaceae family that occurs naturally in the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado). Research studies have shown evidence of its gastroprotective effect, as well as its benefits as an anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, there are no studies testing the potential effects of D. elliptica on treating metabolic parameters and obesity. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate D. elliptica effects on hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat/high-sugar diet. Methods Animal experimentation was performed using male Swiss mice divided into four groups: ST (standard control), HLHS (obese control), HLHS+EAF (ethyl-acetate fraction), and HLHS+PL (leaf powder). The groups were treated for four weeks with 0.26 mg/kg/body weight. Results The main findings of the present study showed that D. elliptica reduced hepatic lipid deposition, body weight, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels. Gene expression analysis showed that GPX4 and PPARγ mRNA were significantly suppressed in HLHS + EAF mice livers. Conclusion The present study contributes to elucidating the D. elliptica metabolic role in decreasing GPX4 and PPARγ expression in the HLHS group.

Previous studies have shown that the clove essential oil concentration of 200 mg/kg did not present toxicity and histopathological changes in the liver. Based on the evidence presented in this study, we decided to evaluate in vivo the ability of a previously developed fermented dairy beverage, tested only in vitro, in which the standard chemical preservative, potassium sorbate, was replaced by clove essential oil (2 μl/ml), to be a functional food. To this end, twenty-four male Swiss mice were divided into three groups and submitted insulin sensitivity (IST) and glucose tolerance (GTT) testing, evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters, histopathological analysis and quantification of the expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, after administering daily of the fermented dairy beverage with or without clove essential oil by gavage during 30 days. The group that received the fermented dairy beverage with clove essential oil showed a lower glycemic level in GTT, a higher sensitivity to insulin and a higher glucose decay constant rate (Kitt), with relation to the other groups. In the evaluation of physiological parameters there were no signs of toxicity in the mice during the experimental period. The biochemical parameters, histopathological analysis and expression of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6 e TNFα) cytokines in the liver of the mice, was not significantly affected by the treatment. These results corroborated by bioinformatics analysis demonstrate that the fermented dairy beverage with clove essential oil it can function as a substitute for conventional chemical preservatives and reduce glycemic levels. Estudios previos han demostrado que la concentración de aceite esencial de clavo de 200 mg / kg no presenta toxicidad y cambios histopatológicos en el hígado. Con base en la evidencia encontrada en este estudio, decidimos evaluar in vivo la capacidad de una bebida láctea fermentada desarrollada previamente, probada solo in vitro, en la que el conservante químico estándar, sorbato de potasio, fue reemplazado por aceite esencial de clavo (2 μl / ml), para ser un alimento funcional. Con este fin, veinticuatro ratones suizos se dividieron en tres grupos y se sometieron a pruebas de sensibilidad a la insulina (ITS) y tolerancia a la glucosa (GTT), evaluación de parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos, análisis histopatológico y cuantificación de la expresión de antiinflamatorios y pro- citocinas -inflamatorias normativas, después de la administración después de la administración administración de bebida láctea fermentada con o sin aceite esencial de clavo por sonda durante 30 días. El grupo que bebió la leche italiana fermentado con aceite esencial de clavo presentó menor nivel de glucemia en el GTT, mayor sensibilidad a la insulina y mayor tasa constante de desintegración de glucosa (Kitt), en relación a los otros grupos. En la evaluación de los parámetros fisiológicos, no hubo evidencia de toxicidad en los ratones durante el período experimental. Parámetros bioquímicos, análisis histopatológico y expresión de citocinas antiinflamatorias (IL-10) y proinflamatorias (IL1β, IL6 y TNFα) en el hígado de ratones no afectados por el tratamiento. Estos resultados corroborados por análisis bioinformáticos demuestran que la bebida láctea fermentada con aceite esencial de clavo puede actuar como sustituto de los conservantes químicos convencionales y reducir los niveles glucémicos. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o óleo essencial de cravo da índia na concentração de 200 mg/kg não apresentou toxicidade e alterações histopatológicas no fígado. Com base nas evidências apresentadas neste estudo, decidimos avaliar in vivo a capacidade de uma bebida láctea fermentada desenvolvida e testada anteriormente apenas in vitro, na qual o conservante químico padrão, sorbato de potássio, foi substituído por óleo essencial de cravo (2 μl / ml), para ser um alimento funcional. Para isso, vinte e quatro camundongos Swiss machos foram divididos em três grupos e submetidos a testes de sensibilidade à insulina (TSI) e tolerância à glicose (TTG), avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos, análise histopatológica e quantificação da expressão de antiinflamatórios e pró-citocinas inflamatórias no fígado, após administração diária da bebida láctea fermentada com ou sem óleo essencial de cravo da índia por gavagem durante 30 dias. O grupo que recebeu a bebida láctea fermentada com esse óleo essencial apresentou menor nível glicêmico no TTG, maior sensibilidade à insulina e maior taxa constante de decaimento da glicose (Kitt), em relação aos demais grupos. Na avaliação dos parâmetros fisiológicos não houve indícios de toxicidade nos camundongos durante o período experimental. Os parâmetros bioquímicos, a análise histopatológica e a expressão das citocinas antiinflamatórias (IL-10) e pró-inflamatórias (IL1β, IL6 e TNFα) no fígado dos camundongos não foram significativamente afetados pelo tratamento. Esses resultados corroborados por análises de bioinformática demonstram que a bebida láctea fermentada com óleo essencial de cravo da india pode funcionar como substituto dos conservantes químicos convencionais e reduzir os níveis glicêmicos.

Este estudo avaliou as competências (acesso, compreensão/avaliação e aplicação) do Letramento em Saúde (LS), utilizando uma nova escala desenvolvida e sua associação com o perfil bioquímico entre pessoas que vivem com diabetes. Para diagnóstico do diabetes, foram utilizados parâmetros bioquímicos. Para validação de constructo da escala, foram utilizadas Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC). Análises estatísticas estimaram a associação do LS com parâmetros socioeconômicos, bioquímicos, antropométricos e cognitivos. O estudo incluiu 341 pessoas com diabetes. Os resultados mostraram que 91,9% receberam informações relacionadas ao diabetes. AFE demonstrou adequado índice de ajuste (KMO = 0,919) e os itens foram agrupados em 3 fatores: acesso, compreensão/avaliação e aplicação. AFC confirmou o ajuste do modelo (l²/df = 2.09; RMSEA = 0.061). Altos níveis de acesso à informação relacionada ao diabetes implicaram em altos níveis autorrelatados de aplicação. Entretanto, elevado nível de aplicação não foi associado com melhor perfil bioquímico (p < 0,05), incluindo a dosagem de hemoglobina glicada. Modelos de regressão mostraram que características, como cor da pele e cognição, foram associadas com alto nível de LS em todos os domínios. Ademais, uma proporção maior de homens teve maior acesso à informação relacionada ao diabetes, quando comparado às mulheres. Estes resultados demonstram que diferentes fatores devem ser considerados no processo do LS para atingir adequado autocuidado no controle da doença e na prevenção de complicações. Informações de saúde para pessoas que vivem com diabetes devem focar em fatores de risco ou comportamentos que modulam os parâmetros bioquímicos.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a protein family with high preservation degree among evolutionary scale. SIRTs are histone deacetylases regulatory enzymes of genetic material deeply involved in numerous physiological tasks including metabolism, brain function and aging. Mammals sirtuins comprise seven enzymatic components (SIRT1–SIRT7). The highest studied sirtuin is SIRT1, which plays an essential position in the prevention and evolution of neuro-disorders. Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystylbene) (RSV) is a polyphenol, which belongs to a family compounds identified as stilbenes, predominantly concentrated in grapes and red wine. RSV is the must studied Sirtuin activator and is used as food supplementary compound. Resveratrol exhibits strong antioxidant activity, reducing free radicals, diminishing quinone-reductase-2 activity and exerting positive regulation of several endogenous enzymes. Resveratrol is also able to inhibit pro-inflammatory factors, reducing the stimulation of the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and the release of endogenous cytokines. Resveratrol treatment can modulate multiple signaling pathway effectors related to programmed cell death, cell survival, and synaptic plasticity. In this context, the present review looks over news and the role of Sirtuins activation and resveratrol effects on modulating target genes, cognition and neurodegenerative disorders.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Scope: this study has a novel approach to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of kefir grains on metabolic improvement and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT) of the liver in malnourished mice. Method and results: swiss mice were divided into four groups and subjected to two treatment phases: the food restriction phase of 20% in relation to the control group was maintained until animals reached a weight deficit of about 20% in relation to their original weight and the renutrition phase, the animals received diets every day for 30 days. Diets (chow powder plus kefir grains) were administered orally. Thereafter, during throughout the experiment measurements of body weight and energy consumption were obtained. After the end of treatment, fasting glucose tolerance tests were performed at night and insulin sensitivity with fed mice. Soon in then, the mice were euthanized by beheading in guillotine and the blood and liver were collected for evaluation of biochemical parameters, Histopathological assessments and Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR). Conclusion: the present study demonstrated the kefir grains ability to modulate inflammation and hepatic oxidative-stress under malnourished-state.

Background: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Bifidobacterium longum (BL), a common member of the human gut microbiota, has important health benefits through several mechanisms. Objectives: We evaluated the BL supplementation effects on body metabolism and renin-angiotensin components hepatic expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Thirty-two male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet + placebo (ST), standard diet + Bifidobacterium longum (ST + BL), high-fat diet + placebo (HFD) and high-fat diet + Bifidobacterium longum (HFD + BL). Following the obesity induction period, the ST + BL and HFD + BL groups were supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum for 4 weeks. Then, body, biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were evaluated. Results: HFD + BL mice had a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass and blood glucose levels, as well as a significant reduction in blood glucose during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. The treatment also resulted in reduced levels of total cholesterol and hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, we observed an increase in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Mas receptor (MASR) expression levels in BL-treated obese mice. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that BL may have the potential to prevent obesity and NAFLD by modulating the mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system components.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem, which requires enhanced self-care in order to avoid complications. However, cognitive impairment can reduce these abilities and may affect health literacy (HL) of patients in terms to understand and apply information. Therefore, this study evaluated the correlation between cognitive condition and HL related to medication adherence, physical activity and nutritional status among people living with DM. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out among elderly people (≥ 60 years old) with DM. The cognitive condition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the HL using the following questionnaires: Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD-60), Nutritional Literacy among People with Diabetes (NLD), Health Literacy on the Practice of Physical Activities among Diabetics (HLPPA - D), and Health Literacy regarding Drug Adherence among Diabetics (HLDA-D). Sociodemographic and biochemical profile was also evaluated. Spearman correlation was used (p

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered an important component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The spectrum of NAFLD includes conditions that range from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. NAFLD is correlated with liver-related death and is predicted to be the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Insulin resistance is directly correlated to the central mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients, which is strongly correlated to the imbalance of the renin–angiotensin system, that is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Among the emerging treatment approaches for NAFLD is the anti-hypertensive agent telmisartan, which has positive effects on liver, lipid, and glucose metabolism, especially through its action on the renin–angiotensin system, by blocking the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis and increasing ACE2/Ang(1–7)/Mas axis activation. However, treatment with this drug is only recommended for patients with an established indication for anti-hypertensive therapy. Thus, there is an increased need for large randomized controlled trials with the aim of elucidating the effects of telmisartan on liver disease, especially NAFLD. From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a brief examination of the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the role of telmisartan on preventing liver disorders and thus to improve the discussion on potential therapies.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic profile, inflammatory markers and the gene expression of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components in the visceral adipose tissue of eutrophic, obese and malnourished individuals and mice models of obesity and food restriction. Male Swiss mice were divided into eight groups and fed different levels of food restriction (20%, 40%, or 60%) using standard or high-fat diet. Metabolic profile and adipose tissues were assessed. The expression of AGT (Angiotensinogen), ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the mice epididymal adipose tissue and the human visceral adipose tissue was assessed. The main findings showed reduced body weight, improved metabolism, decreased adipose tissues weight and reduced adipocyte area in mice submitted to food restriction. Diminished expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT, AT1 and ACE was detected in the 20% and 40% food restriction animal groups, although they were increased in the 60% malnourished group. Increased expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT and ACE in obese and malnourished individuals was observed. Adipocytes size was increased in obese individuals and reduced in malnutrition. In conclusion, we found that food restriction of 20% and 40% improved the metabolic profile, ameliorated the inflammatory status and down-regulated the RAS in mice. Severe 60% food restriction (malnutrition), however, stimulated a proinflammatory state and increased AGT and ACE expression in the adipose tissue of mice. A similar profile was observed in the adipose tissue of obese and malnourished humans, supporting the critical role of inflammation and RAS as mediators of metabolic disorders.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Background: understanding the biological processes underlying Pressure Ulcer (PU) is an important strategy to identify new molecular targets. Bioinformatics has emerged as an important screening tool for a broad range of diseases. Objective: this study aim of the current study is to investigate the protein-protein interaction in the PU context by bioinformatics. Methods: we performed a search in gene databases, and bioinformatics algorithms were used to generate molecular targets for PU based in silico investigation. Interactions networks between protein-coding genes were built and compared to skin. Results: TNFA, MMP9, and IL10 genes have higher disease-related connectivity than a connectivity general global. MAGOH, UBC, and PTCH1 as were leader genes related to skin. Ontological analysis demonstrated different mechanisms associated, such as response to oxidase stress. Conclusion: TNFA, MMP9, and IL10 are possible therapeutic targets for pressure ulcer. Additional investigation of cell post-transcriptional machinery should be investigated in PU.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Oral Mucositis (OM) is a common adverse effect of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of early changes in tissue electrical parameters (TEPs) in predicting the development of OM in HNSCC patients receiving radiation therapy (RT). The current study combined two study designs. The first was a case-control study. The control group comprised of RT patients who did not receive head and neck RT, and patients with HNSCC who received RT comprised the case group. In the second part of the study, the case group was included in a parallel cohort. A total of 320 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 135 patients were enrolled. Double blinding was performed, and neither the patients nor the care providers knew the measured parameters. The primary outcome was the detection of between-group changes in local TEPs over the follow-up period. The secondary outcome was the appearance of OM grades II, III, or IV and the predictive value of local TEPs in determining the incidence of OM after RT. The variables, impedance module, resistance, reactance, phase angle, and capacitance, were analyzed by the receiver operator curves (ROC). The case and control groups did not differ in demographic and clinical characteristics. Radiation therapy increased the local impedance module, resistance, reactance, and phase angle and reduced the local tissue capacitance in both groups. Evaluation of TEPs in the first week of RT correlated with the development of OM lesions during cancer therapy. ROC analysis showed that local impedance module and resistance presented higher specificity than did other parameters in predicting OM. In conclusion, local tissue electrical parameters measured at the first RT week can be useful tools to predict oral mucositis.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

Objetivo: compreender a depressão na terceira idade, o perfil e o processo de prevenção e tratamento dos sinais e sintomas. Metodologia: a revisão integrativa de literatura foi feita utilizando as bases: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS): Sistema Latino Americano e do Caribe de informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Foram escolhidos os estudos científicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, epublicados na íntegra, no período de 2007 a 2017. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos: “Depressão em idosos”; “Sintomas de Depressão”; “Prevenção da Depressão” e “Tratamento da Depressão”. Resultados: após confrontarmos os resultados encontrados com a revisão da literatura que a depressão no idoso é um dos transtornos psiquiátricos mais frequentes. Acredita-se que conforme o aumento da idade, mais sintomas depressivos são apresentados, através das queixas intensificadas de doenças e a presença do quadro de ansiedade. Para melhor qualidade o idoso necessita ter conhecimento sobre sua condição e as doenças que podem lhe acometer, o que a auxilia na promoção da própria saúde, reduzindo o sofrimento. Contribuindo para o envelhecimento ativo, tornando-a participativa na sociedade, onde demonstra autonomia sobre a própria velhice. Considerações finais: evidenciou-se a partir da literatura que existe a necessidade de agir de modo preventivo, junto aos idosos, é premente. A prática e o desenvolvimento de atividades de lazer têm-se mostrado na vida dos idosos como um fator de grande importância. O lazer contribui para um melhor estado de espírito e no caso dos mais idosos, diminui os efeitos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento. Objective: to understand depression in the elderly, the profile and the process of prevention and treatment of signs and symptoms. Methodology: integrative literature review was done using the bases: Virtual Health Library (VHL): Latin American and Caribbean System of information in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). At the end of the search, the scientific studies published in the last 10 years, published in full, between 2007 and 2017 were selected. The following terms were used: "Depression in the elderly"; "Symptoms of Depression"; "Prevention of Depression" and "Treatment of Depression". Results: after comparing the results found with the literature review that depression in the elderly is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders. It is believed that as the age increases, more depressive symptoms are presented, through intensified complaints of illness and the presence of anxiety. For better quality the elderly need to know about their condition and the diseases that can affect him, which helps him to promote his own health, reducing suffering. Contributing to active aging, making it participatory in society, where it demonstrates autonomy over one's own old age. Final considerations: it has been evidenced from the literature that there is a need to act in a preventive way, together with the elderly, it is urgent. The practice and development of leisure activities have been shown in the lives of the elderly as a factor of great importance. Leisure contributes to a better state of mind and, in the case of the elderly, reduces the effects of the aging process.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Objective: the increased prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, has gained attention worldwide, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been pointed out as a possible link. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the possible association between angiotensinogen (AGT) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms with overweight and obesity in adults. Subjects and methods: the present investigation was a population-based cross-sectional study including 1,567 individuals from an urban area in Brazil. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and all individuals were genotyped for the ACE I/D and AGT M/T polymorphisms. Results: the prevalence of overweight was higher among men, whereas obesity was more prevalent among women. However, the frequency of ACE or AGT polymorphisms was similar among body mass index (BMI) categories. In addition, the mean age-adjusted BMI averages did not change significantly for ACE or AGT polymorphisms, regardless of sex or BMI category. The age-adjusted BMI average for the combination of ACE and AGT genotypes evidenced no significant differences regardless of sex or BMI categories. Results were similar when BMI was replaced by waist circumference (WC). Conclusions: we were not able to find any associations between BMI and WC (overweight/obesity) and ACE and AGT polymorphisms, indicating that the RAS system might not be involved in overweight and obesity, at least based on genetic backgrounds. However, further studies must measure RAS components to elucidate this question.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Objective: because the impact of conditioned fear stress on apical bone resorption is unknown, the aim of the current studywas to use a rat model to evaluate the impact of conditioned fear stress on the bone resorption of inflammatory apical periodontitis lesions. Methods: twenty-five animals were divided into two groups. They underwent a surgical procedure in the first left lower molar tooth to expose the dental pulp and induce inflammatory apical periodontitis lesions through the retention of contamination (bacterial infection) during a 56-day period. The animals in the case group were stressed daily by using electrical stimuli (1.10 mA), whereas the animals in the control group were absent from the stressful stimuli (shocks). The open field test was performed to validate the stress methodology. The jaws were removed and collected for histological and radiographic analyses. Results: stressed animals presented increased levels of bone loss and inflammatory cells in the root apex in comparison with the control group (P = 0.0001). However, no radiographic differences were observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: our results demonstrated that conditioned fear stress could modify a periapical lesion by increasing the size of bone loss there. Conditioned fear stress also increased the total number of inflammatory cells compared with the control group. Studies evaluating the impact of conditioned fear stress on human periapical inflammatory lesions should be encouraged.

This study aimed at investigating the effect of fermented dairy beverage with clove essential oil (CEO) on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through endogenous enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). For this, bioinformatic analysis was performed using the Genecards and String platforms. Headspace was used to analyze and confirm the compounds at low concentrations. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical sequestration method. For analysis of antioxidant activity, twenty-four male Swiss mice were divided into three groups and submitted histopathological analysis, analysis of CAT, SOD,GPx transcripts, and CAT and SOD enzyme activity in visceral adipose tissue were evaluated.The leader genes found were PIK3CD, PIK3CB, AKT1, and PIK3CA, as they had the highest WNL values. The beverage containing CEO showed higher antioxidant activity, with free radical scavenging capacity above 80%. In the in vivo analyses, it was possible to verify a reduction in the average adipocyte area size (μm2) between the groups that received fermented dairy beverage. Although functional studies have shown that the antioxidant enzymes, CAT and SOD, showed similar concentrations in visceral adipose tissue of the three groups, the expression levels of GPx1, CAT, and SOD were higher in group 2. Surprisingly, the group 3, that received the fermented dairy beverage with CEO had the lowest SOD concentration (p

O buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) é uma palmeira da família Arecaceae, que ocorre no Cerrado, sendo encontrado notadamente nas veredas. O fruto do buriti se destaca por possuir uma composição química complexa, com destaque para sua fração lipídica. Entretanto, dependendo da região de ocorrência dos frutos, este óleo vegetal pode apresentar características distintas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o óleo de buriti proveniente de três municípios do Norte de Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas análises de caracterização físico-química, perfil de ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa, luteína, α – e β-carotenos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e carotenoides totais por espectrofotometria. Os resultados demostraram que não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras de cada município analisado. Além disso, o óleo apresentou bom rendimento, ótima qualidade físico-química, além de ser uma fonte rica de ácidos graxos insaturados e carotenoides totais. Sendo assim, o óleo de buriti da região do Norte de Minas Gerais possui bom potencial para aplicação pela indústria de alimentos.

Background: visceral obesity has been considered a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In an attempt to reduce the visceral adipose tissue, omentectomy has been proposed to be performed along with bariatric surgery. Objective: the goal of this study was to evaluate whether omentectomy associated with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is beneficial to the inflammatory and metabolic profile of rats fed a standard diet (STD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Setting: University hospital, Brazil. Methods: for this experiment, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: sham surgery (STD+L or HFD+L), SG alone (STD+SG or HFD+SG), or SG with omentectomy (STD+SGO or HFD+SGO). Anthropometric data and metabolic profiles were evaluated, and the tissue expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue was measured. Results: in rats with diet-induced obesity treated with SG with or without omentectomy, there was a reduction in weight (HFD+SG: P

// Talita Antunes Guimaraes 1 , Lucyana Conceicao Farias 1 , Eliane Sobrinho Santos 1, 5 , Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Fraga 6, 7 , Lissur Azevedo Orsini 2 , Leandro de Freitas Teles 1 , John David Feltenberger 3 , Sabrina Ferreira de Jesus 1 , Marcela Goncalves de Souza 1 , Sergio Henrique Sousa Santos 4 , Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula 1 , Ricardo Santiago Gomez 2, * Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes 1, * 1 Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2 Department of Clinical, Surgery and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 3 Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA 4 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil 5 Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Aracuai, Minas Gerais, Brazil 6 Faculdades Integradas Pitagoras, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil 7 Faculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes, email: andreluizguimaraes@gmail.com Ricardo Santiago Gomez, email: rsgomez.ufmg@gmail.com Keywords: proliferation, oral cancer, metformin, PDH, LDH-A Received: March 21, 2016 Accepted: July 09, 2016 Published: July 26, 2016 ABSTRACT Background: Metformin is a biguanide, belonging to the oral hypoglycemic agents and is a widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Evidence indicate that Metformin inhibits cell proliferation in several human cancers and inhibits the Warburg phenomenon in tumor cells. Results: Low PDH levels were observed in OSCC, and Metformin promotes an increase in PDH levels in hypoxic conditions. Metformin also reduced HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. Metformin demonstrated antiproliferative effects, inhibited migration, increased the number of apoptotic cells and increased the transcription of caspase 3. Objective: The present study aims to explore the effects of Metformin in hypoxic conditions. Specifically, we focused on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) HIF-1α levels and the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell phenotype. Additionally, we also investigated a theoretical consequence of Metformin treatment. Methods: PDH levels in patients with OSCC and oral dysplasia were evaluated. Metformin was administered in vitro to test the effect of Metformin under hypoxic conditions. The results were complemented by Bioinformatics analyses. Conclusions: In conclusion, our current findings show that Metformin reduces HIF-1α gene expression and increases PDH expression. Metformin inhibits cell proliferation and migration in the OSCC cell line model. Additionally, Metformin enhances the number of apoptotic cells and caspase 3 levels. Interestingly enough, Metformin did not increase the mutant p53 levels under hypoxic conditions.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Objective: a healthy diet is essential for the prevention of metabolic syndrome. The present study evaluated the effect of resveratrol associated with high-polyunsaturated fat and high-protein diets on expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. Research methods & procedures: FVB/N mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 7 each) and fed with experimental diets for 60 days: standard (ST), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-protein diet (HPD), with and without resveratrol (RSV) (4 g/kg diet). The body weight, food intake, energy intake (kcal), and blood parameters (HDL-C, total cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels) were assessed. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis markers: PPARγ, SREBP-1c, ACC and FAS in samples from perigonadal adipose tissue. Results: in the HPD + RSV group, resveratrol decreased body weight, body adiposity, adipose tissue weight, adipocyte area, total cholesterol, ACC and FAS expression, and increased HDL-cholesterol in comparison to HPD. In the HPD group there was a decrease in adipocyte area, as well as PPARγ, SREBP-1c and ACC expression in comparison to ST. While in HFD + RSV, resveratrol decreased levels of total cholesterol in comparison to HFD. In the HFD group there was decrease in body weight, and PPARγ, SREBP-1c and ACC expression in comparison to ST. Conclusions: the obtained results show that resveratrol decreases lipogenesis markers and metabolic parameters in the setting of a high-protein diet. Moreover, resveratrol decreased total cholesterol in both diets. These results point to the increased potential of resveratrol use in prevention of metabolic syndrome, acting on different dietary compositions.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Aims: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral resveratrol effects associated with diet and physical training changes on anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Main methods: 25 individuals aged from 30 to 60 years old; with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were included in the study. Following the primary evaluation (anthropometric and clinical), the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) Placebo: Physical activity program + Diet + Placebo; (2) Resveratrol: Physical activity program + Diet + Resveratrol (RVS) (250 mg/day) for three months. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the treatment period. Key findings: the main findings showed that the resveratrol supplementation improved total cholesterol (TC), High-density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Very-low density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), urea, creatinine and albumin serum levels. Significance: these findings indicate that this polyphenol may be an option to potentiate the beneficial effects induced by dietary and physical activity programs in the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) treatment.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior We have read with interest the recent review by Zbinden-Foncea et al. suggesting that high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness induced by prior exercise training may confer some innate immune protection against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by attenuating the “cytokine storm syndrome” by modulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) effects. However, it is important to highlight that the benefic effects of physical exercise also involves the angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS1 proto-oncogene, GPCR receptor (MAS receptor; Mas) axis activation.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Diabetes is a metabolic condition associated with hyperglycemia manifested by the elevation of blood glucose levels occurring when the pancreas decreases or stops the production of insulin, in case of insulin resistance or both. The current literature supports that insulin resistance may be responsible for the memory decline associated with diabetes. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are a family of proteins involved in glucose transport across biological membranes. GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 are involved in glucose delivery to the brain. Evidence suggests that both transporters are downregulated in chronic peripheral hyperglycemia. Here we show the mechanisms of glucose transport and its influence on cognitive function, including a hypothesis of how peripheral hyperglycemia related genes network interactions may lead to glucose transporters downregulation and its possible consequences.

The purpose of the current study was to use immune-inspired algorithm ClonALG whose performance is increased by using the Kohonen neural network training algorithm (Immune/Neural approach), to characterize the nature of salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs). The leader gene approach in order to identify biomarkers for SGNs. Extensive data were obtained for each of the 35 types of neoplasms. The gene leaders for each type of SGN were identified in a table and then divided according to the two different methods: K-means clustering and Immune/Neural approach. Genes related to SGNs were identified using PubMed, OMIM and Genecards databases. A bioinformatics algorithm was then applied, and the STRING database was employed to build networks of protein–protein interactions for each nature of an SGNs. The weighted number of links (WNL) and total interactions score (TIS) values were then obtained. Finally, the genes were clustered, and the gene leaders were identified using the K-means clustering method and the Immune/Neural approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:45:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-15 White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction and obesity are a consequence of a low-grade inflammation state. These WAT irregularities could result from abnormal metabolic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) control. Recently, tributyltin (TBT) has been found to play a critical role in these metabolic irregularities. However, TBT actions on the WAT-RAS functions are not currently well understood. In this study, we assessed whether TBT exposure resulted in metabolic syndrome (MetS) development and other metabolic complications as a result of abnormal modulation of WAT-RAS pathways. TBT (100 ng/kg/day) was administered to adult female Wistar rats, and their WAT morphophysiology and adipokine profiles were assessed. We further assessed the expression of Angiotensin-II receptor proteins (AT1R and AT2R) and proteins involved in downstream pathways mediating inflammation and adipogenesis modulation. TBT-exposed rats exhibited increases in body weight and adiposity. TBT rats present dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, suggesting MetS development. TBT promoted WAT inflammatory infiltration, AT1R protein overexpression and reduced Angiotensin-(1–7) expression. These TBT WAT abnormalities are reflected by NFκB activation, with higher adipokine levels (leptin, TNF-α and IL-6) and overexpression of AKT, ERK, P38, FAS and PPARγ protein. In vitro, TBT exposure stimulates lipid accumulation, reduces AT2R protein expression, and increases leptin, AKT and ERK protein expression in 3T3L1 cells. These findings suggest that TBT exposure participates in MetS development via the improper function of WAT-RAS metabolic control. Department of Morphology Healthy Sciences Center Federal University of Espírito Santo Department. of Food Science Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Pharmacology Biological Sciences Institute Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu School of Medicine University of São Paulo State Dept. of Basic Nursing Nursing School Federal University of Minas Gerais Health Science Graduate Program UNIMONTES Institute of Agricultural Sciences Food Engineering College Federal University of Minas Gerais Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Toxicologia Celular Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas/CCS Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Prédio do básico I, sala 5

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Radiation Therapy (RT) is a treatment option for a large number of neoplasias. However, the effect of RT on the level of hypoxia markers is poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of RT on the levels of hypoxic markers in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evaluation of HIF-1α and miR-210 levels in OSCC was performed. Then a proteomic analysis was performed to identify candidate hypoxic targets of RT. To validate proteomic studies, the effect of RT on HIF-1α, miR-210, PDH-A and LDH-A levels under hypoxia was assessed by qRT-PCR. The impact of RT in hypoxia markers was evaluated in patients to confirm in vitro results. An increase in the HIF-1α levels was observed in OSCC. RT reduced OSCC cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, hypoxia could revert the effect of radiation on OSCC phenotype. However, proteomics analyses suggested that LDH is one of the critical targets of RT even in hypoxia. Moreover, RT decreased HIF-1α, miR-210, and LDH even in hypoxia. The current study demonstrated that hypoxia could revert the effects of RT in the OSCC context. However, RT reduces the levels HIF-1α, miR-210 and LDH in vivo and in vitro. The consequences of RT in blood should be carefully investigated.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior FAPERJ - Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro For many years lactate was seen as a metabolite from glucose metabolism. However, since the last century researchers have shown that this molecule has an important role on liver, muscle, and brain metabolism. Lactate traffics along whole body mediating many biological processes depending on specific situations. For example, glucose is the main substrate used during exercise but lactate released by striated skeletal muscle is used by own muscle as secondary fuel. On the other hand, neuronal firing in the brain is almost totally lactate-dependent. In addition, lactate has an important role on BDNF-mediated neuroplasticity. As this molecule has a pleiotropic role in the body, it was called as “lactormone” in 2009. Here we show basic concepts on peripheral and central metabolism and discuss neurobiological pathways of lactate, including an alternative hypothesis on lactate released during exercise.

Sclareol is a bioactive hydrophobic diterpene in the essential oil isolated from Salvia sclarea (Fam. Lamiaceae). Sclareol has been widely studied due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Aims The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Sclareol in different formulations (solid lipid nanoparticle and free) on the metabolic profile of obese mice. Main methods Swiss male mice were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet (STD) and high-fat diet (HFD). After obesity induction, each group was divided into three treatment groups: free Sclareol (Sc), Sclareol-loaded lipid nanoparticle (L-Sc) and blank lipid nanoparticle (L). Treatments were performed every day during 30 days. Key findings L-Sc improves obese mice metabolic profile by decreasing adiposity, ameliorating insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and increasing the HDL plasma levels. In addition, L-Sc decreased the expression of NF-KB, MCP-1 and SERBP-1. Significance The use of sclareol together with lipid nanocarriers may be promising for the treatment of metabolic disorders by reducing adipose tissue.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) describes diabetes-associated changes in the structure and function of myocardium that are not directly linked to other factors such as hypertension. Currently there are some models of DC; however, they take a large time period to mimic key features. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a short-term high-fat/high salt diet (HFHS) treatment on myocardial function and structure, and vascular reactivity in C57BL/6 male mice. After 14 weeks HFHS induced hypertension (MAP = 144.95 ± 16.13 vs 92.90 ± 18.95 mm Hg), low glucose tolerance (AUC = 1049.01 ± 74.79 vs 710.50 ± 52.57 a.u.), decreased insulin sensitivity (AUC = 429.83 ± 35.22 vs 313.67 ± 19.55 a.u.) and increased adiposity (epididymal fat weight 0.96 ± 0.10 vs 0.59 ± 0.06 OW/BW × 102), aspects present in metabolic syndrome. Cardiac evaluation showed diastolic dysfunction (E/A ratio = 1.20 vs 1.90 u.a.) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cardiomyocyte area = 502.82 ± 31.46 vs 385.58 ± 22.11 μm2). Lastly, vascular reactivity was impaired with higher contractile response (136.10 ± 3.49 vs 120.37 ± 5.43%) and lower response to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (74.01 ± 4.35 vs 104.84 ± 3.57%). In addition, the diet was able to induce an inward coronary remodeling (vascular total area: SCNS 6185 ± 800.6 vs HFHS 4085 ± 213.7 μm2). Therefore, we conclude that HFHS short-term treatment was able to induce metabolic syndrome-like state, cardiomyopathy and vascular injury working as an important tool to study cardiometabolic diseases.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent oral malignant neoplasia. As consequence of OSCC treatment, oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common adverse effects of OSCC treatment. Currently, there is no consensus for OM treatment. The purpose of the current study was to test the combination of red and infrared low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for OM treatment. Primary culture of human fibroblast was performed to identify LLLT dose. After laboratory tests, a two-arm parallel, single-blind, controlled study was conducted. The two arms were group 1, both 660- and 808-nm wavelengths (300 J/cm2, 9 J of total energy, 100 mW, spot size 3 mm2), and group 2, only 660-nm wavelength (300 J/cm2, 9 J of total energy, 100 mW, spot size 3 mm2). Both treatments were performed twice a week. Group 1 presented a reduction of mucositis grade in comparison to group 2. Group 1 also presented reduction of analgesics prescription. But no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 were observed according to the pain scale. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that a combination of red and infrared at a higher dose (300 J/cm2) reduced both oral mucositis grade and analgesics prescription. The effects of the combination of RT and LLLT are unclear and need more studies.

Background: the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical contributing factor to obesity and related diseases. Several studies have shown the relationship of obesity with cyclooxygenase-2. Objectives: based on these facts, we aimed to investigate the celecoxib oral administration (a selective anti-inflammatory inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (ICOX-2)) effects, in mice fed a high-fat diet by assessing the renin-angiotensin system and inflammatory markers expression. Methods: FVB/N male mice were divided into 3 groups and fed with experimental diets, standard, high-fat diet and high-fat diet plus ICOX-2 at a dose of 100mg/kg/body weight. Body weight, food intake, blood parameters and RAS/inflammatory markers expression were assessed. Results: the main findings showed that diet-induced obese mice treated with COX-2 inhibitor showed significantly improved glucose and insulin homeostasis, presented decreased body weight gain and the biochemical analyses revealed reduced triglyceride levels and higher serum HDL-c levels as compared to HFD and ST. These results were accompanied by a downregulation of AGT, ACE, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the group receiving treatment. Conclusion: taken together, these results indicate that ICOX-2 may exhibit therapeutic potential for obesity via the renin-angiotensin system and inflammation.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The direct calorimetric analysis is the most effective way to obtain caloric value provided by food. Knowing the amount of energy provided by food is essential for the composition of the individuals' diet. Therefore, this paper aimed to standardize a methodology for quantifying the number of calories present in a fermented milk drink with clove essential oil and in a fermented milk drink. Ten mL of each drink were transferred in to triplicate petri dishes and placed in a forced circulation oven 65 ° C for 24-48 hours to remove moisture to obtain the total solids. These were transferred to a previously tared crucible and inserted into the calorimetric pump until total burning. The results obtained in cal g-1 were converted to Kcal g-1 and finally the amount of Kcal ml-1 of each drink were calculated. The analyzes were submitted to analysis of variance (ANAVA) in a completely randomized design and to the Tukey test was used as means of comparison (p0.05). It can be concluded that the quantification of calories made by this methodology was effective and could later support studies in which it is necessary to calculate with precision the number of calories provided by fermented dairy drinks. A análise calorimétrica direta é forma mais eficaz de se obter o valor calórico fornecido pelo alimento. Conhecer a quantidade de energia fornecida pelo alimento é imprescindível para composição da dieta dos indivíduos. Dessa forma, esse trabalho visou padronizar uma metodologia para quantificação de calorias presentes em uma bebida láctea fermentada adicionada com óleo essencial de cravo da índia e uma bebida láctea fermentada. Dez mL de cada bebida foram transferidos para placas de petri em triplicada e colocadas em estufa de circulação forçada 65°C por 24-48 horas, para remoção da umidade a fim de obter os sólidos totais. Esses foram transferidos para um cadinho previamente tarado e inserido na bomba calorimétrica até queima total. Os resultados obtidos em cal g-1 foram convertidos em Kcal g-1 e por fim calculado a quantidade de Kcal ml-1 de cada bebida. As análises foram submetidas à análise de variância (ANOVA) em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e ao teste Tukey de comparação de médias (p0,05). Pode-se concluir que a quantificação de calorias feita por essa metodologia foi eficaz e poderá auxiliar posteriormente estudos em que necessite calcular com precisão o número de calorias fornecidas por bebidas lácteas fermentadas.