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An anal fissure is a superficial anal skin tear below the dentate line correlated with Parikartikā in Ayurveda. Approximately 40% of patients with acute anal fissures progress to chronic anal fissures. A 37-year-old male presented with complaints of pain in the perianal region, a burning sensation that persisted up to 60-90 min of defecation, irregular bowel habits, hard stool, and intermittent bleeding from rectum for 4 weeks. Visual examination revealed an acute anal fissure at the posterior midline. The patient was treated with Ayurvedic medicines and the practice of Ashwini Mudrā. After 6 weeks of treatment, anal fissures healed completely. Nonsurgical conservative medical management is the initial treatment for acute anal fissures. Sadya Vrana Chikitsā and the practice of Ashwini Mudrā are effective and safe treatments for acute anal fissures. No recurrence has been reported till now. Ayurvedic medicines, Ashwini Mudrā, and dietary restrictions reduce pain, regularize bowel movement, soften stool, enhance blood circulation, and accelerate wound healing in anal fissures. No adverse events were reported during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work includes the synthesis and characterization of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4)/graphene nanosheets composite as electrodes for supercapacitor application. The structural properties were studied using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized electrode was further analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy for surface morphology, which confirm the particle adherences between ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles and graphene nano-sheets. The SEM images also confirmed a highly porous structure leading to excellent ion transportability, and a larger surface area for high amounts of charge storage. The device performance of the ZnFe2O4/graphene nanosheets as electrodes was tested via electrochemical analysis, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The device exhibited excellent capacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 789.2 Fg−1 calculated at a 5-mV/s−1 scan rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thrust to develop environmental friendly procedures for production of Nanoparticles arises from the very fact that current nanotechnology research uses a lot of chemicals, which are potential threat to both environment and public health. Tea (Camellia Sinensis) with its rich source of polyphenolic compounds has been exploited for the reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), making it a complete green chemical route. The reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 was observed by the color change from pale yellow to dark yellow. The reaction was followed with the help of UV-Visible spectrometer. Crystal structure was obtained by carrying out X-ray diffraction studies and it showed face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The particle size and morphology were obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. An average particle size of 25 nm silver particles could be obtained using this method and the TEM and SAXS data corroborate with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industrial effluents release cyanide, a well-known hazardous and bio-recalcitrant pollutant, and thus, the treatment of cyanide wastewater is a major challenge. In the current study, a CuFe 2 O 4 -SnO 2 -rGO nanocomposite was synthesized to remove cyanide from an aqueous system. The structural and morphological characterizations of the nanomaterials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDX) analysis. The results revealed that almost 97.7% cyanide removal occurred using the nanocomposite at an initial concentration of 100 mg L -1 within 1 h. The experimental data were fitted to various adsorption models, among which the Langmuir model fitted the data very well, confirming the monolayer adsorption process. The kinetic investigation revealed that the cyanide adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption process with a high cyanide adsorption capacity of 114 mg g -1 . The result of the intraparticulate diffusion model fitting revealed a decreasing slope value ( K ) from stage 1 to stage 2, indicating that external mass transfer is the predominating step. Moreover, the CuFe 2 O 4 -SnO 2 -rGO nanocomposite shows excellent reusability., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Multifunctional nanocomposites have shown great interest in clean energy systems and environmental applications in recent years. Herein, we first reported the synthesis of Dy 2 NiMnO 6 (DNMO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites utilizing a hybrid approach involving sol-gel and solvothermal processes. Subsequently, we investigated these nanocomposites for their applications in catalysis, electromagnetic interference shielding, and supercapacitors. A morphological study suggests spherical-shaped DNMO nanoparticles of an average size of 382 nm that are uniformly distributed throughout the surface without any agglomeration. The as-prepared nanocomposites were used as catalysts to investigate the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH 4 . DNMO/rGO nanocomposites demonstrate superior catalytic activity when compared with bare DNMO, with the rate of reduction being influenced by the composition of the DNMO/rGO nanocomposites. In addition, novel multifunctional DNMO/rGO was incorporated into polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) to develop a flexible nanocomposite for electromagnetic shielding applications and exhibited a shielding effectiveness of 6 dB with 75% attenuation at a frequency of 8.5 GHz compared to bare PVDF and PVDF-DNMO nanocomposite. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of DNMO/rGO nanocomposites was investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors, exhibiting the highest specific capacitance of 260 F/g at 1 A/g. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of DNMO/rGO nanocomposites with remarkable performance in sustainable energy and environmental applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Development of advanced materials for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting is the key in utilization of renewable energy. In the present work, we have synthesized MoS 2 nanoparticles embedded over the graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer for superior catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution process (HER). The nanocomposite materials are characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. A Tafel slope of ∼40 mV/decade suggested the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism for the HER process with MoS 2 /GO composite as the catalyst, which indicated that electrochemical desorption of hydrogen is the rate-limiting step. The small Tafel slope indicates a promising electrocatalyst for HER in practical application. MoS 2 /GO composite material has shown superior catalytic behavior compared to that of MoS 2 /rGO composite material. The HER catalytic activity of the catalysts is explored using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using the feedback and redox competition mode in SECM. The activation energy for HER activity was calculated, and the values are in the range of 17-6 kJ/mol. The lower value of activation energy suggested faster HER kinetics., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.