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This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of the cognitive behavioral approach to interventions toward the improvement of executive function for children/ adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD). This meta-analysis paper has identified ten studies involving 437 participants with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder aged between 5 and 18. All the participants reported IQs were at or above 70. A random effect meta-analysis yielded a moderately significant effect (Hedge g = 0.72) with significant heterogeneity [Q(10) = 228.36, p < .001]. There were considerable variations in the executive function domain, i.e., working memory (hedge g = 1.23) and inhibition (g = 0.47), showing significant treatment effects. On the other hand, cognitive flexibility (g = -0.51) and planning (g = -0.07) show non-significant effects toward cognitive behavioral interventions. The finding suggests that the cognitive behavioral approach to intervention demonstrates efficacy in improving executive function in children or adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. All the cognitive behavioral intervention studies were conducted in developed countries, so differences between the approaches between developed and developing countries were inconclusive. Future studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral techniques in intervention for low-functioning autism spectrum disorder children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revelation and improvement of a modern sedate is generally known as an awfully complex handle which takes a parcel of time and assets. So presently a day computer helped medicate design approaches are used very broadly to extend the productivity of the drug discovery and improvement course. Various approaches of CADD are assessed as promising techniques concurring to their require, in between all these structure-based sedate plan and ligand-based drug plan approaches are known as exceptionally efficient and effective procedures in sedate revelation and development. These both strategies can be applied with atomic docking to virtual screening for lead recognizable proof and optimization. Within the recent times computational apparatuses are broadly utilized in pharmaceutical businesses and investigate ranges to improve viability and viability of drug discovery and advancement pipeline. In this article we deliver an outline of computational approaches, which is innovative prepare of finding novel leads and help within the prepare of medicate disclosure and development inquire about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethosomes are novel ethanolic phospholipid vesicles which are significantly used for the transdermal drug delivery. Ethanol is an efficient permeation enhancer which is used in ethosomes about 20-45%. These are non-invasive in nature and have emerged as an area of active research interest because they significantly lead to enhanced skin penetration, improvement in drug delivery, increased drug entrapment efficiency it can deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs efficiently. Increased patient compliance etc. The drug penetrates the skin surface and gets absorbed by two phases i.e., the ethanol effect and ethosomes effect. Ethosomes are predominantly being used over liposomes because of their greater penetration rate which is attributed to the high concentration of ethanol. Hence it is an active area of research. The primary aim of the review is to provide a comprehensive account on the methods of preparation, properties, characterization, advantages and applications of ethosomes in the management of several skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Invasomes are nano-sized vesicular systems made of ethanol, soybean phosphatidylcholine and terpenes that promote skin penetration by disrupting the lipoidal structure of stratum corneum, interacting with the matrix proteins and augmenting the partitioning of the drug moiety in the skin layer. Curcumin is a well-known bright yellow coloured polyphenol which is produced by the plants of curcuma long class belonging to family Zingiberaceae. It is being used in the therapeutic field since ancient times for the treatment of several diseases. It is a complex molecule with substantial activity against a number of ailments. Despite having a number of health benefits, curcumin's limited water solubility and poor skin penetration are the major barriers in its transdermal application. Materials and Methods: In present research work, terpenoid invasomal nano vesicles of curcumin were prepared using mechanical dispersion process with eucalyptol as the permeation enhancer. The prepared invasomal formulations were characterised and optimised in terms of entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation and skin retention analysis. Results: The transmission electron microscope confirmed the presence of spherical-shaped vesicles with a vesicle size of 461.57± 1.38 nm and 80.54 ± 0.38 % entrapment efficiency. In vitro release kinetics conformed well with Higuchi kinetic model for release. Ex vivo study confirmed that the curcumin permeation across the pig ear skin from the optimised formulation was 2.5 times higher than curcumin solution and had a flux of 179.44±0.26 µg/cm2/h. Conclusion: The study suggests that invasomes have a high potential for transdermal administration of curcumin which can increase the topical utility of curcumin in several skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]