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Objective: Determine if group psychoeducational support can improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients' quality of life (QoL)., Design: Randomized controlled trial (NCT04048772)., Setting: University-affiliated IVF clinic., Patients: Women (n = 76) and male partners undergoing initial autologous IVF cycle from August 2019, to December 2020., Interventions: Couples were assigned to groups based on projected oocyte retrieval date. Groups were randomly assigned to the control or intervention arm. Clinic closures because of the COVID-19 pandemic delayed treatment for a portion of participants. Groups were conducted in person before and virtually during the pandemic., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was a change in fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) from baseline to 3 days after retrieval. Secondary outcomes were changes in depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience scale), IVF knowledge scores, and the likelihood of return to treatment., Results: Knowledge scores among women in Creating Affiliations, Learning, and Mindfulness (CALM) for IVF groups significantly increased compared with control (mean difference 13.19 [3.53 - 22.84]) before the pandemic. During the pandemic, women in CALM IVF had significant improvement in the social FertiQoL score compared with controls (10.42 [1.79 - 19.04]). Compared with controls, male CALM IVF participants had significantly greater improvement in total FertiQoL (mean difference 6.68 [0.39 - 12.98]), treatment FertiQoL (8.26 [0.69 - 15.82]), and resilience (Connor-Davidson 1.13 [0.54 - 1.72]). Immediate return to care did not significantly differ between arms., Conclusions: For women undergoing IVF, group psychoeducational programs can improve IVF knowledge and social QoL during a pandemic. Participation in a group psychoeducational program can improve QoL and resilience in IVF dyad male partners., Clinical Trial Registration Number: Trial registration NCT04048772., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Problem: Newborn admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is stressful. Yet in clinical practice, at best, NICU mothers are screened for depression and if indicated, referred to a mental-health specialist. At worst, no action is taken. Listening Visits, an empirically supported nurse-delivered intervention addressing emotional distress, can be conveniently provided by a NICU nurse. Prompted by the need to minimize face-to-face contacts during the pandemic, the primary purpose of this small pilot trial was to assess the feasibility of having nurses provide Listening Visits to NICU mothers over Zoom. Secondarily, we assessed pre-to post-Listening Visits depression symptom scores as a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of this type of support., Materials and Methods: Nine NICU mothers with mildly to moderately severe depression symptoms received up to six Listening Visits sessions from a NICU nurse via Zoom. Participants completed the Inventory Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-General Depression scale (IDAS-GD) at study entry and 4- and 8-weeks post enrollment. They completed the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) at the 8-week assessment., Results: Using an intent-to-treat approach, the effect of time from the mixed model analysis of IDAS-GD was statistically significant ( F (2,26) = 10.50, p < 0.001), indicating improvement in IDAS-GD scores from baseline to follow-up. The average CSQ score was high ( M = 29.0, SD = 3.3), with 75% of participants rating the quality of help they received as "excellent"., Discussion: In this pilot trial, we learned it is feasible to provide Listening Visits over Zoom, that this mode of delivery is associated with a significant decrease in depression symptom scores, and that women value this approach., Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [#201805961]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Segre, McCabe, Chuffo Davila and Arndt.)

In an increasingly connected world and in the midst of a global pandemic, digital trials offer numerous advantages over traditional trials that rely on physical study sites. Digital trials have the potential to improve access to research and clinical treatments for the most vulnerable and minoritized, including pregnant and postpartum individuals. However, digital trials are underutilized in maternal and child health research, and there is limited evidence to inform the design and conduct of digital trials. Our research collaborative, consisting of 5 research teams in the U.S. and Australia, aimed to address this gap. We collaborated to share lessons learned from our experiences recruiting and retaining pregnant and postpartum individuals in digital trials of social and behavioral interventions. We first discuss the promise of digital trials in improving participation in research during the perinatal period, as well as the unique challenges they pose. Second, we present lessons learned from 12 completed and ongoing digital trials that have used platforms such as Ovia, Facebook, and Instagram for recruitment. Our trials evaluated interventions for breastfeeding, prenatal and postpartum depression, insomnia, decision making, and chronic pain. We focus on challenges and lessons learned in 3 key areas: (1) rapid recruitment of large samples with a diversity of minoritized identities, (2) retention of study participants in longitudinal studies, and (3) prevention of fraudulent enrollment. We offer concrete strategies that we pilot-tested to address these challenges. Strategies presented in this commentary can be incorporated, as well as formally evaluated, in future studies., (©Amanda M Parks, Jennifer Duffecy, Jennifer E McCabe, Rachel Blankstein Breman, Jeannette Milgrom, Yafit Hirshler, Alan W Gemmill, Lisa S Segre, Jennifer N Felder, Lori Uscher-Pines. Originally published in JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting (https://pediatrics.jmir.org), 20.04.2022.)

Moving novel, evidence-based interventions into broad community use is challenging. This column describes how a midlevel public health administrator acted in the role of broker to link university-based researchers with maternal health clinical staff to successfully implement an innovative, evidence-based maternal depression treatment. Program evaluation assessed adoption, implementation, reach, and effectiveness. In reflecting on this partnership, the broker provided critical elements of access, credibility, and accountability. A partnership between service providers and research teams provides one strategy to disseminate evidence-based practices among those served by public-health programs.

In 2015, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued a recommendation to screen women for depression and anxiety symptoms at least once during the perinatal period. Nevertheless, many identified women will not receive care from a behavioral health specialist. Listening Visits (LV), developed for delivery by nurses and validated in the United Kingdom, have recently been evaluated in a US-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) which recruited research participants from three home-visiting programs and an urban OB/GYN practice. RCT results indicated clinically and significant improvement in depression symptoms. To bridge the gap between evidence and practice, and based on experiences garnered at the OB/GYN site during the RCT, this development paper proposes a strategy for implementing depression screening and LV into routine clinical care in this practice setting.

Mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the NICU are frequently emotionally distressed, particularly early in the hospitalization. The Family-Centered Developmental Care philosophy, widely adopted by NICUs, calls for an expanded focus on the well-being of the entire family. In this article, we describe an innovative, nurse-delivered program for emotionally distressed mothers of infants in the NICU that includes screening and an empirically supported counseling approach: Listening Visits., (Copyright © 2018 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To examine the incremental identification of emotional distress in mothers of hospitalized newborns by screening for anxiety in addition to depression and to provide practical information about anxiety screening scales to facilitate instrument selection and screening implementation by nurses in the NICU., Design: In this secondary data analysis, screening data from the recruitment phase of a feasibility trial to evaluate a nurse-delivered counseling intervention for emotionally distressed mothers of newborns in the NICU were used to examine the effect of anxiety screening., Setting: A Level IV NICU at a large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States., Participants: Women 18 years of age and older (N = 190) with newborns in the NICU., Methods: Participants completed multiple measures of depression and anxiety symptoms., Results: Of participants who had negative screening results on a depression-only screening instrument, 4.7% to 14.7% endorsed clinically significant anxiety symptoms depending on the screening instrument used., Conclusion: Screening for anxiety in mothers of newborns in the NICU resulted in identification of distressed mothers who would otherwise have been missed during routine depression-only screening. Multiple options for anxiety screening exist that add incremental information to depression-only screening and require little additional burden on providers and mothers of newborns in the NICU., (Copyright © 2018 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Mothers of preterm infants in a hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at risk for clinically significant depression and anxiety, but for these women their own treatment is likely a secondary priority. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of an evidence-based, nurse-delivered, on-site depression treatment: listening visits (LVs)., Study Design: Therapeutic LVs were delivered on site to 23 distressed mothers of NICU infants. The intervention was conducted by a neonatal nurse practitioner and the outcome was examined in an open-trial, pre-post evaluation., Result: A part-time nurse practitioner delivered six LVs to each participant within a 1-month time frame. LVs were associated with significantly improved mood and well-being in mothers. The majority of eligible women took advantage of LVs and felt satisfied with their care., Conclusion: This open trial provides 'proof-of-concept', with results that warrant further evaluation in a multisite randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Maternal depression is linked to poor infant and child outcome. In 2001, the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration required all Healthy Start programs to incorporate maternal-depression screening as part of home visiting services. This article describes the implementation and results of depression screening by the Des Moines Healthy Start Project between 2002 and 2009. The study represents the first longitudinal assessment of the Healthy Start maternal-depression screening initiative., Methods: The evaluation assessed staff compliance with a protocol for screening for depression among clients at regular intervals during the prenatal and postnatal periods until the client's child was two years old. Rates of acceptance of referral for treatment and treatment seeking as well as depression outcomes were measured., Results: A total of 1,902 women were served by the Des Moines Healthy Start Project between 2002 and 2009. Compliance with the screening protocol was immediately high and increased significantly over the evaluation period, from 83% in 2002 to 98% in 2009. Of the 573 women who had elevated depression scores but who were not already in treatment, 64% accepted a referral, and 47% reported receiving treatment. Predictors of referral acceptance and treatment included higher depression scores and speaking English as a primary language. Depression severity significantly decreased for women who reported receiving treatment., Conclusions: A federal screening initiative identified a significant number of women who were at risk for maternal depression and connected them with treatment resources. Continuing work should assess the impact of this initiative on outcomes of women and children.