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Key to the Chinese species of Lithobius (Sigibius) To assist in the identification of the Chinese species of Lithobius (Sigibius), the following key is offered. This key emphasizes characters that can be examined without high-magnification microscopy; moreover, these characters are specific to the taxa occurring in China. 1 Four ocelli on each side of cephalic plate, T��m��sv��ry���s organ larger than the smallest ocellus..... L. (S.) trichinocaput sp. n. Six ocelli on each side of cephalic plate, T��m��sv��ry���s organ about the size of the smallest ocellus. L. (S.) bullatus Eason, 1993, Published as part of Ma, Huiqin, Pei, Sujian, Li, Yaying & Shi, Baojun, 2012, Discovery of the subgenus Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in East Asia: A review the Chinese species, pp. 56-62 in Zootaxa 3348 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281530, {"references":["Eason EH (1993) Descriptions of four new species of Lithobius from the oriental region and a redescription of Australobius palnis (Eason 1973) from Sri Lanka (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 17, 181 - 199."]}

Lithobius (Sigibius) trichinocaput sp. n. Material examined: Holotype: 3 (Fig. 1), body length 9.0 mm, cephalic plate 0.9 mm long, 0.9 mm broad, Xiaowutai National Natural Reserve, Yu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 39 �� 54 'N 115 ��00'E, 1236 m, 20 August 2005, leg. Zhi-sheng Zhang, Hui-qin Ma. Paratypes: 4 ����, 2 3, same data as holotype. Etymology: the specific name refers to the cephalic plate more obviously covered with setae than the other congeners. Diagnosis: A Lithobius (Sigibius) species with body length up to 9.7 mm, antennae composed of up to 23���26 articles; 4 ocelli on each side, arranged in 2 irregular rows; T��m��sv��ry���s organ moderately large, slightly larger than adjoining ocelli; 2 + 2 coxosternal teeth; porodonts moderately thick and strong, posterolateral to lateral tooth; posterior angles of all tergites without triangular projections; coxal pores 2���4, oval to round; female gonopods with 2 + 2 moderately large, coniform spurs; terminal claw simple; male gonopods short and small, with one long seta on terminal segment. Description: Body length 7.6���9.7 mm, cephalic plate 0.55���0.96 mm long, 0.55���0.96 mm wide. Colour: basal antennal articles light grey to pale yellow-brown; tergites pale light grey to yellow-brown; cephalic plate, and T 15 pale yellow-brown with greyish hue; pleural region and SS pale grey; distal part of forcipules brown, basal and proximal parts of forcipules, forcipular coxosternite and S 15 yellow-brownish with greyish hue; all legs pale grey, tarsus of all legs yellow-brown. Antennae: commonly 25 + 25 or 26 + 26 (one specimen with 23 + 23) articles; basal article longer than wide, second one markedly longer than wide, following articles gradually shortening, distal article up to 2.4���2.7 times as long as wide. Abundant setae on the antennal surface, less so on the basal articles, gradually increasing in density to about sixth or seventh article, then more or less constant. Cephalic plate smooth, convex, pigment concentrated as close netlike veins, width equal to length; tiny setae emerging from pores and long setae scattered sparsely over the whole surface; frontal marginal ridge with shallow anterior median furrow (Fig. 1); lateral marginal ridge discontinuous, posterior margin straight or slightly convex, widening in the middle part. Four oval to rounded ocelli on each side (Fig. 3) arranged in two irregular rows; the posterior one comparatively large; ocelli domed, translucent, usually darkly pigmented. T��m��sv��ry���s organ comparatively large (Fig. 3 -To), nearly rounded; lying far from adjoining ocelli, situated on the anterolateral margin of cephalic plate, visible larger than the adjoining ocelli. Coxosternite subtrapezoidal (Fig. 2), anterior margin narrow, external sides lightly longer than internal side; median diastema moderately deep, V-shaped; anterior margin with 2 + 2 teeth (in one specimen 2 + 3); porodonts thick and stout, lying posterolateral to the lateral tooth (Fig. 2); some scattered setae on the ventral side of coxosternite. All tergites smooth, without wrinkles, backside slightly hunched; T 1 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, narrower than T 3; posterior margin of T 1 slightly convex or straight; posterior margin of TT 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 slightly concave, posterior margin ridge of TT 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 discontinuous; all posterior angles generally rounded, without triangular projections; lateral margin ridge of all tergites continuous; tiny setae scattered very sparsely over the surface, 1���3 moderately long setae on anterior angles, 1���2 moderately long setae on the posterior margin of each tergite. Posterior side of all sternites narrower than the anterior, generally trapeziform, comparatively smooth; setae inserted in pores scattered very sparsely on the surface, 2���3 slightly long setae on the surface of the anterior part of each sternite, 1���2 slightly long setae on the surface of the posterior part of each sternite. Legs strong, tarsus 1���2 articulation indistinct on legs 1���13, well defined on legs 14 and 15. All legs with claws, fairly long, curved ventrad; anterior and posterior accessory spines on legs 1���13, the anterior one moderately long and slender, forming a small angle with the claw; the posterior one short and strong, forming a large angle with the claw; only posterior accessory spines on legs 14, no accessory spines on legs 15. Short to comparatively long setae scattered very sparsely over the surface of all segments of all legs, more setae scattered on the surface of tarsus; legs 14 and 15 slightly thicker and stronger than the other legs. In the female, tarsus 1 5.0���5.6 times as long as wide, tarsus 2 about 78 %��� 82 % length of tarsus on legs 15; tarsus 2 about 4.8���5.4 times as long as wide, tarsus 2 about 71 %��� 77 % length of tarsus on legs 15. Plectrotaxy as in table 1. legs ventral dorsal C Tr P F Ti C Tr P F Ti 1 - - p amp am - - mp ap a 2 - - p amp am - - mp ap a 3-10 - - mp amp am - - mp ap ap 11 - - (a)mp amp am - - mp (a)p ap 12 - - amp amp am a - mp p a 13 - m amp amp am a - mp p p 14 - m amp amp - a - mp p - 15 - m amp am - a - mp - - Coxal pores 2���4, arranged in a row, round or slightly ovate, usually 2333, rarely 3343 or 2332. Coxal pore field set in a relatively shallow groove, the fringe of coxal pore-field with eminence, 5���7 short to moderately long setae scattered over the surface of the eminence. Male S 15 anterolaterally broader than posterolaterally, generally trapeziform, posterior edge straight, short to long setae scattered very sparsely over the surface; sternites of genital segment nearly so long as wide, usually well sclerotised. Posterior margin of the sternite of the genital segment with a quite deep concavity between the gonopods, no bulge medially; comparatively long setae about evenly scattered on the ventral surface of the genital segment, few setae near S 15. Gonopods short and small, only a small bulge, with one long seta, apically slightly sclerotised (Fig. 4). Female S 15 anterolaterally broader than posterolaterally, generally trapeziform, posteromedially straight, long setae scattered sparsely over the surface; sternite of genital segment usually well chitinised, wider than length; posterior margin of genital sternite deeply concave between the condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median, approximately coniform bulge; relatively long setae scattered over the ventral surface of the genital segment, few setae near S 15, regularly fringed with longer setae along the posterior margin. Gonopods: first article fairly broad, bearing 8���9 long setae arranged in about three rows; 2 + 2 moderately small, coniform spurs, inner spur smaller (Fig. 5); second article with 5 rather long setae, arranged in two irregular rows on its ventral side, one thick spicule on the external margin of the dorsal part of the second article; usually 1���2 long setae on the ventral surface of third article, two thick spicula on the external margin of the dorsal part of the third article; terminal claw simple (Fig. 6). Habitat: The specimens were collected in Larix forest (at about 950-1000 m a.s.l.) in moist habitats under roadside stones or forest floor. Remarks: L. (S.) trichinocaput sp. n. is morphologically close to L. (S.) siopius (Chamberlin & Wang, 1952) from Provo and Salt Lake City (Utah) (Chamberlin & Wang, 1952 b), but could be well distinguished from latter by the presence of four ocelli on each side of cephalic plate rather than three ocelli as in the latter, terminal claw of female gonopods simple instead of bidentate, and the 15 th dorsal plectrotaxy being 10200 other than 0 0 110 in the latter. It differs from L. (S.) trebinjanus Verhoeff, 1900 (Eason, 1983) by having fewer antennal articles, different plectrotaxy and terminal claw of female gonopods simple (vs. a claw with a well-developed medial and a smaller lateral denticle in L. (S.) trebinjanus). On the other hand, Eason (1993) suggested that this subgenus is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean Region and Eastern Europe and apart from a few species know from Asia Minor, Transcaucasia and northern Iran, the subgenus is, hitherto, unknown in Asia, L. (S.) bullatus Eason, 1993 from Hong Kong is likely to have been introduced from Europe. While the new species is from Hebei Xiaowutaishan National Natural Reserve, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, there has not been too much trade between Zhangjiakou City and Europe, moreover, no other comments about the zoogeographic meaning of this subgenus in East Asia, so we suggest the new species is likely to be native. MAP 1. Map of distributions of Chinese Lithobius (Sigibius) species., Published as part of Ma, Huiqin, Pei, Sujian, Li, Yaying & Shi, Baojun, 2012, Discovery of the subgenus Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in East Asia: A review the Chinese species, pp. 56-62 in Zootaxa 3348 on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281530, {"references":["Verhoeff K. W. (1900) Beitrage zur Kenntniss palaarctischer Myriopoden. XV. Aufsatz: Lithobiiden aus Bosnien, Herzogovina und Dalmatien. Berliner entomlogische Zeitschrift, 45, 153 - 179.","Eason EH (1983) The identity of the European and Mediterrranean species of Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) described by K. W. Verhoeff and now represented by material preserved in the British Museum (Natural History), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 77, 111 - 144.","Eason EH (1993) Descriptions of four new species of Lithobius from the oriental region and a redescription of Australobius palnis (Eason 1973) from Sri Lanka (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 17, 181 - 199."]}

Lithobius (Sigibius) bullatus Eason, 1993 Lithobius (Sigibius) bullatus Eason, 1993: 192 Diagnosis: Body length 9.0���10.5 mm. Antenna with 25���29 articles, 6 ocelli, arranged in two irregular rows. Forcipular coxosternal teeth 2 + 2; porodont almost twice as stout as a large seta. Tergites without posterior triangular projections. Tarsal articulation of legs 1���13 indistinct. Coxal pores arranged in one row. Remarks: Eason (1993: 195) suggested that the only known species in East Asia L. (S.) bullatus from Hong Kong, the only species of Sigibius known at the time from China was likely to have been introduced, since this subgenus is essentially European and there has been trade between Europe and Hong Kong for well over a century., Published as part of Ma, Huiqin, Pei, Sujian, Li, Yaying & Shi, Baojun, 2012, Discovery of the subgenus Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in East Asia: A review the Chinese species, pp. 56-62 in Zootaxa 3348 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281530, {"references":["Eason EH (1993) Descriptions of four new species of Lithobius from the oriental region and a redescription of Australobius palnis (Eason 1973) from Sri Lanka (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 17, 181 - 199."]}

Lithobius (Monotarsobius) songi sp. n. Figs 1-6 Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honor of the zoologist Dr. Daxiang Song, Academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Material examined: Holotype: female (Fig. 1), body length 6.9 mm, cephalic plate length 0.7 mm, breadth 0.7 mm; from Qingliangdian Town, Wuyi County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, 37°06'N, 115°08'E, 35 m, 6 May 2005, leg. H. Ma. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, same data as holotype. Other material: 1 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, Xiaowutai National Natural Reserve, Yu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 39°54'N, 115°00'E, 1236 m, 21 August 2005, leg. Z. Zhang and H. Ma. Diagnosis: A Lithobius (Monotarsobius) species with body length 5.9-6.9 mm, antennae composed of 19-21 articles, commonly 19+19; 6-7 ocelli on each side, commonly 6, arranged in 2 irregular rows; Tömösváry's organ moderately small, slightly smaller than adjoining ocelli; 2+2 coxosternal teeth; porodonts moderately slender and long, posterolateral to lateral tooth; posterior angles of all tergites without triangular projections; coxal pores 1222, oval to round; female gonopods with 2+2 moderately large, coniform spurs; terminal claw tridentate; male gonopods short and small, with 1-2 long setae on terminal segment. Description: Body 5.9-6.9 mm long; cephalic plate 0.6-0.7 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide. Colour: tergites and basal articles pale brown; transition to yellow brownish from the seventh or eighth articles onwards, the terminal article yellow brown; tergites pale chestnut; pleural region pale gray; SS pale orange; distal part of forcipules brown, the remaining part of forcipules, forcipular coxosternite and SS 14 and 15 pale yellow-brownish; all legs pale yellow-brownish, tarsi of all legs yellow-brown. Antennae composed of 19+19-21+21 articles (Fig. 1), most often 19+19; basal article almost as long as wide, second one markedly longer than wide, succeeding articles gradually shortening; terminal article typically longer than wide, up to 2.3-2.9 times longer than wide. Antennal setation: abundant setae on antennal surface, but fewer setae on outer side and ventral and dorsal side in basal articles, gradual increase in density of setae to about fourth or fifth article, then more or less constant. Cephalic plate smooth, convex, as long as broad, covered with sparse tiny setae; anterior part of the cephalic capsule with shallow median sulcus; pigment concentrated as close netlike veins, few short to long setae scattered along the marginal ridge; lateral marginal ridge continuous; posterior margin straight, without widening in middle part (Fig. 1). Six–seven ocelli on each side of cephalic plate (Fig. 2), more often 6, arranged in 2 irregular rows; the terminal one larger, the ocelli near the dorsal slightly larger, the ocelli near the ventral slightly smaller; overhanging the lateral margin of the cephalic plate; ocelli gently bulging, translucent, usually darkly pigmented. Tömösváry's organ moderately small (Fig. 2-To), nearly rounded, situated ventrad to anterolateral margin of cephalic pleurite, slightly smaller than the adjoining ocelli. Coxosternite (Fig. 3) approximately trapezoidal, anterior margin moderately narrow with 2+2 comparatively sharp coxosternal teeth, median diastema relatively deep, V-shaped (Fig. 3); coxosternal shoulder lacking; porodonts lying posterolateral to the lateral tooth, comparely long and slender, without a bulge at the base. Moderately short to long setae sparsely scattered over the dental margin, comparatively long and thick near the dental margin. All tergites moderately smooth, without wrinkles, backside slightly hunched, tiny setae scattered very sparsely over the surface; T 1 generally subrectangular, anteriorly broadened; T 1 slightly narrower than T 3 and the cephalic plate, the latter slightly wider than T3; lateral marginations of all tergites continuous, setae scattered sparsely along the lateral borders, more setae on anterior angles of tergites; posterior margin of TT 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 slightly concave; all tergites without posterior triangular projections (Fig. 1). All sternites posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, moderately smooth, 2-4 moderately setae on anterior part of each sternite, 2-3 longer setae on posterior part of each sternite. Legs strong, tarsus 1-2 articulation fused on legs 1-13, well-defined on legs 14 and 15; claw moderately long and curved ventrad in all legs; accessory spur on both anterior and posterior side of claw of legs 1-14, anterior accessory spur moderately long and thicker, forming a moderately large angle with the claw; posterior accessory spur short and slender, forming a comparatively small angle with the claw; no accessory claws on leg 15; short to moderately long setae scattered over the surface of legs 1-13, tarsi generally more setose, few setae on legs 14-15; legs 14 and 15 markedly thickened, the male more thicken than the female, tarsus 1 about 4.0-5.3 times longer than wide, tarsus 2 about 67%-81% length of tarsus on legs 15. Legs' plectrotaxy: as in Table 1. Coxal pores arranged in a row, ovate to round, moderately small, 1222. Pore-field set in a slightly shallow groove, 8 short to moderately long setae scattered sparsely over the margin of shallow groove. Female S 15 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, straight posteromedially; short to long setae scattered very sparsely over its surface and lateral margins. The sternite of genital segment usually well sclerotised, wider than long, posterior border moderately deeply concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median approximately rhombic bulge, distally lightly sclerotised; short to moderately long setae evenly scattered over the surface of genital sternite except for middle and anterior parts. Female gonopods: basal article moderately broad, bearing 8 moderately long setae, arranged in 3 irregular rows, and 2+2 small coniform spurs; inner spur slightly smaller and more anterior than the outer (Fig. 4); second article with 6 moderately long setae, arranged in 2 irregular rows; usually 3-4 moderately long setae on the surface of third article; terminal claw tridentate (Fig. 5), dorsal and ventral tooth about same in size. Male S 15 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, straight posteromedially; short to long setae scattered very sparsely over its surface and lateral margins. The sternite of genital segment usually well sclerotised, wider than long; comparatively long setae about evenly scattered on the ventral surface, slightly fewer near S15. Posterior margin of the sternite of the genital segment quite deeply concave between gonopods, no bulge medially; gonopods short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 1-2 long setae on surface, terminal slightly sclerotised (Fig. 6). Distribution: Known only fromthe Hebei Province (Hengshui and Zhangjiakou Cities), NE China. Remarks: Havingan eye composed of 6-7 ocelli and about 20 antennal articles, the new species resembles Lithobius (Monotarsobius) holstii (Pocock, 1895) from China and Japan (Takakuwa 1941). However, it is well distinguished from the latter by having Tömösváry's organ slightly smaller than the adjoining ocelli, different leg plectrotaxy and tridentate claw of female gonopods (bidentate in Lithobius (Monotarsobius) holstii). It differs from Lithobius (Monotarsobius) subspinipes Ma et al., 2009 by having smaller Tömösváry's organ, different leg plectrotaxy and moderaterly setose legs (vs. only sparse setae in Lithobius (Monotarsobius) subspinipes). Habitat preferences: The type series has been collected in a roadside of a mountain pine tree forest and under Chinese jujube trees in champaign environments. Key to the Chinese species of Lithobius (Monotarsobius) To assist in the identification of the Chinese species of Lithobius (Monotarsobius), the following key is offered. This key emphasizes characters that can be examined without much dissection or high-magnification microscopy; moreover, these characters are specific to the taxa occurring in China.