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Pharmaceutical companies charge high prices for branded products, but in most instances the research that results in these drugs is supported financially by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or [...]

Over the past few decades, retirement savings has shifted from a defined-benefit model to a defined-contribution model. If we look at the major social welfare programs operated by the federal [...]

The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Linac driver requires a great variety of high charge state ion beams with up to a magnitude higher intensity than currently achievable for the heaviest masses. The goal of the RIA injector R&D program for VENUS is the reliable production of intense medium charge state ion beams, e.g., 8 puA (particle mu A) of U29+. Therefore, the superconducting ECR ion source VENUS has been designed from the beginning for optimum operation at 28 GHz at high power (10 kW). In addition, a high intensity Low Energy Beam Transport, LEBT, that was developed to analyze and transport these multiply-charged, space charge dominated beams. During the last year VENUS was commissioned at 18 GHz and preparations for 28 GHz operation continued. Tests with various gases and recently metals have been performed with up to 2000 W of 18 GHz RF power. Promising performance has been measured in those preliminary beam tests. For example, 180 p mu A of O6+, 15 p mu A of Ar12+, 7.5 puA of Xe20+ and 4puA of Bi24+ were produced in the early commissioning phase, ranking VENUS among the currently highest performance 18 GHz ECR ion sources. In FY04 a 10 kW 28 gyrotron system will be added, which will enable VENUS to reach full performance. The emittance of the beams produced at 18 GHz was measured with a two axis emittance scanner developed with earlier RIA R&D funds.

The article examines the constitutionality of the U.S. federal court's independent exercise of inherent powers (IP) in multidistrict litigations (MDL) despite the lack of authorization by Congress. Also cited are the claim by the Supreme Court that the Constitution allows the use of IP in the exercise of judicial power under Article III, and the need to ensure the parties' due process rights when exercising IPs.

The article examine the practice of forced fee transfers in Multi-District Litigations (MDLs) and whether the law of restitution and unjust enrichment supports such fee awards. It argues that MDL procedures often violate the law and judges regulate fees more aggressively in MDLs than in other types of litigation. It further highlights that judges in MDLs has the authority to override the contractual entitlements of individually retained plaintiffs attorneys (IRPAs).

I. INTRODUCTION II. THE PSLRA'S MECHANISMS FOR SELECTING THE LEAD PLAINTIFF AND CLASS COUNSEL AND FOR SETTING ATTORNEYS' FEES A. The PSLRA Requires Lead Plaintiffs to 'Select and Retain' Class [...]

Introduction I. Data Description II. Results A. Descriptive Statistics B. Multivariate Analysis 1. Changes in the Rate of Self-Representation over Time 2. Claim-level Factors a. Claim Size b. Claim Complexity [...]

This Article uses three recent multi-district litigations ('MDLs') that produced massive settlements--Guidant ($240 million), Vioxx ($4.85 billion), and Zyprexa ($700 million)--to study the emerging quasi-class action approach to MDL management. [...]

THE UNITED STATES IS CURRENTLY IN THE midst of its third medical malpractice crisis in 30 years. The story is all too familiar: Insurance premiums spike, prompting demoralized doctors to [...]

(June 6, 2019), https://www.kff.org/medicare /fact-sheet/medicare-advantage/#:~:text=Medicare%20Advantage%20Enrollment,Advantage%20plans%20(Figure%201) ("In 2019, the majority of the 64 million people on Medicare are covered by traditional Medicare, but one-third (34%) are enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans."). In addition, we note the incoherence of the claim made by M4A proponents that Medicare does not incur expenditures like marketing and the payment of profits - when the reality is that those expenditures are a standard feature of Medicare Advantage plans. D. M4A will Lower Health Care Spending M4A's proponents argue incessantly that Medicare spends less than private insurance to purchase the same services - and imply that it will be a straightforward step to impose those prices on providers once everyone is enrolled in M4A. B. M4A is Popular A significant part of the appeal of M4A is its supposed popularity. [Extracted from the article]

Lawyer: A Life of Counsel and Controversy. By Arthur L. Liman. New York: Public Affairs, 1998. Pp. 386. $30.00. In the late twentieth century, everyone complained about the decline of [...]