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Rhus tripartitum(Ucria) Grande leaves and fruits were investigated for their contents in phenolic compounds, essential oils, and fatty acids. Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of these secondary metabolites were investigated using chromatographic tools and different antioxidant tests. Results displayed high amounts of phenolic compounds in leaves, concomitant with important antioxidant potentialities, probably due to their richness in phenolic acids and flavonoids as identified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amounts of essential oils were higher in leaves. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes are exclusively synthesized by the fruits, expressing better antioxidant activities.