479 results on '"Spandidos DA"'
Search Results
2. Oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, dilemmas and the psychosocial impact on cancer patients
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Tsamakis, K, Gavriatopoulou, M, Schizas, D, Stravodimou, A, Mougkou, A, Tsiptsios, D, Sioulas, V, Spartalis, E, Sioulas, AD, Tsamakis, C, Charalampakis, N, Mueller, C, Arya, D, Zarogoulidis, P, Spandidos, DA, Dimopoulos, MA, Papageorgiou, C, and Rizos, E
- Abstract
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented societal turmoil, triggering a rapid, still ongoing, transformation of healthcare provision on a global level. In this new landscape, it is highly important to acknowledge the challenges this pandemic poses on the care of the particularly vulnerable cancer patients and the subsequent psychosocial impact on them. We have outlined our clinical experience in managing patients with gastrointestinal, hematological, gynaecological, dermatological, neurological, thyroid, lung and paediatric cancers in the COVID-19 era and have reviewed the emerging literature around barriers to care of oncology patients and how this crisis affects them. Moreover, evolving treatment strategies and novel ways of addressing the needs of oncology patients in the new context of the pandemic are discussed.
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- 2020
3. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals
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Tsamakis, K, Rizos, E, Manolis, AJ, Chaidou, S, Kympouropoulos, S, Spartalis, E, Spandidos, DA, Tsiptsios, D, and Triantafyllis, AS
- Abstract
In light of the unprecedented public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly important to acknowledge the psychological impact of this mounting threat on healthcare professionals. Previous experience from smaller scale epidemics and emerging literature around COVID-19 show that the unparalleled amount of stress that healthcare workers are dealing with, is associated with increased psychological morbidities. We have depicted the psychological burden that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed on healthcare professionals in Greece and have reviewed the literature around the effect of previous epidemics on frontline healthcare staff. Moreover, we discuss potential triggers and the need for measures to minimise the psychological pressure on those at the frontline against this biothreat.
- Published
- 2020
4. Cutaneous melanoma: From pathogenesis to therapy
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Leonardi, Gc, Falzone, L, Salemi, R, Zanghì, Antonino, Spandidos, Da, Mccubrey, Ja, Candido, S, and Libra, M
- Published
- 2018
5. Lack of association of rs3761549 and rs5902434 polymorphisms of FOXP3 gene with risk of systemic sclerosis in the Italian population: A case-control study
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D'Amico, F, Skarmoutsou, E, Trovato, C, Marchini, M, Malaponte, G, Caronni, M, Scorza, R, Spandidos, Da, and Mazzarino, Maria Clorinda
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- 2014
6. The tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Leonardi, Gc, Candido, S, Cervello, M, Nicolosi, Daria, Raiti, F, Travali, Salvatore, Spandidos, Da, and Libra, Massimo
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Matrix metalloproteinases ,Liver ,Tumor microenvironment ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Cytokines ,Hepatitis ,Virus infections - Published
- 2012
7. Expression of heregulin in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions
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Panutsopulos, D Arvanitis, DL Tsatsanis, C Papalambros, E and Sigala, F Spandidos, DA
- Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the establishment and progression of atherosclerotic lesions by expressing growth and inflammatory factors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether heregulin (HRG) is associated with human coronary artery disease. Methods: Twenty-six fresh human coronary artery segments were collected at autopsy. Expression of cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61) and VEGF in response to HRG was studied in the human endothelial cell line EA. hy926, and expression of CYR61 and HRG was evaluated in activated macrophages isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Results: We found that HRG was overexpressed at the protein and mRNA level in all lesions analyzed and gradually increased as the stages of the lesions progressed. Expression of HRG was observed in the intima primarily in macrophages. The same specimens were analyzed for the expression of CYR61, an angiogenetic factor regulated by HRG in breast cancer epithelial cells. CYR61 was expressed in both normal and atheromatic specimens, but its expression was significantly enhanced in macrophages of the intima. Activation of primary human macrophages results in increased expression of both HRG and CYR61. In addition, studies in endothelial cells where no endogenous HRG is present showed that HRG induces expression of CYR61 and secretion of VEGF. Conclusions: HRG may, therefore, play an important role in the development of coronary artery disease and the expansion of the atherosclerotic plaque and may locally regulate the expression of the angiogenetic factor CYR61. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
- Published
- 2005
8. Mutational analysis of CDKN2A genes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
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Saridaki, Z Liloglou, T Zafiropoulos, A Koumantaki, E and Zoras, O Spandidos, DA
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stomatognathic diseases ,integumentary system ,neoplasms - Abstract
Background Nonmelanoma skin cancers [squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC)] are the most common neoplasias of the Caucasian population. Objectives The purpose of our study was to determine the involvement of CDKN2A genes in the development of sporadic nonmelanoma skin cancer in Greek patients. Patients and methods Allelic imbalance analysis was performed in 22 SCC and five Bowen’s disease specimens. Mutational analysis was performed on exons 1alpha, 1beta and 2 of the CDKN2A locus in 22 SCC, five Bowen’s disease and 39 BCC specimens. Exon 1alpha was additionally screened in 28 BCC specimens to complete the mutational analysis of a previous study. Results Overall, 52% (14 of 27) of the SCC and Bowen’s disease specimens exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in at least one microsatellite marker, whereas, only two of 27 (7%) exhibited microsatellite instability. LOH in 9p appears to be equally involved in both BCC and SCC tumours. Exons 1alpha, 1beta and 2 of the CDKN2A locus were screened for mutations. A Val28Gly substitution in exon 1alpha and a CCC–>TTT (Ala57Val and Arg58Ter) substitution in exon 2, resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence, are reported for the first time in two SCCs, the latter being indicative of a combination of an ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced mutation and a point mutation. A previously described polymorphism of CDKN2A, the gene for p16(INK4a) , Ala148Thr, was also detected in an allelic frequency of 3.72%. No mutation was found in any of the five Bowen’s disease specimens, or in exon 1beta of CDKN2A , also the gene for p14(ARF) . Conclusions Mutations and the high incidence of 9p LOH detected in our SCC samples imply that inactivation of CDKN2A genes, via allelic loss and/or mutation (probably UV-induced) may play a significant role in nonmelanoma skin cancer development, particularly in the more aggressive SCC type.
- Published
- 2003
9. High frequency of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome region 9p21-p22 but lack of p16(INK4a)/p19(ARF) mutations in Greek patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin
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Saridaki, Z Koumantaki, E Liloglou, T Sourvinos, G and Papadopoulos, O Zoras, O Spandidos, DA
- Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma of the skin is the most common neoplasia in humans. Previous studies have shown the existence of allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability) in BCC on several human chromosomes. Chromosome region 9p21-p22 harbors the CDKN2a/16(INK4a), p19(ARF), and p15(INK4b) tumor suppressor genes. To determine the contribution of these genes to the development of basal cell carcinomas we looked for evidence of allelic imbalance in 67 sporadic basal cell carcinoma specimens from Greek patients and screened 28 of them presenting loss of heterozygosity at 9p21-p22 for germline mutations in p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF) genes. Chromosome regions 17q21 and 17p13 were also screened for allelic imbalance in all the 67 basal cell carcinoma specimens. Overall, 69% (46 of 67) of the specimens displayed loss of heterozygosity in at least one microsatellite marker, whereas only six of the 67 (9%) exhibited microsatellite instability. For the 9p21-p22 locus the overall frequency of loss of heterozygosity reached 55% (37 of 67) and is the highest reported. The overall frequency of loss of heterozygosity for the 17q21 locus is 34% (22 of 64) and for the 17p13 locus is 11% (seven of 65). Two of the 28 loss of heterozygosity positive cases were heterozygous for a previously described polymorphism, Ala148Thr, in exon 2 of the CDKN2a gene. This is the first demonstration of polymorphism in the CDKN2a gene in human basal cell carcinomas. No sequence variation in exon 1 beta of the p19(ARF) gene was found. Our results provide evidence of a significantly high occurrence of loss of heterozygosity for the 9p21-p22 locus; however, lack of p16(INK4a)/p19(ARF) mutation suggests that these genes seem not to be implicated by mutational inactivation in the development of basal cell carcinoma. Other(s), yet unidentified, tumor suppressor gene(s) located in this locus may be related to this specific type of skin cancer.
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- 2000
10. Human papillomavirus infection of non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompetent hosts
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Biliris, KA Koumantakis, E Dokianakis, DN Sourvinos, G and Spandidos, DA
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virus diseases - Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) consist of more than 70 different types and are known to be associated with numerous malignant tumors, including carcinomas of the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium. Non-melanoma skin carcinoma (NMSC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy worldwide in the Caucasian population. Most studies examining the involvement of papillomaviruses in the development of cutaneous carcinomas have been performed on lesions from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis or from immunosuppressed patients. Our specimens were obtained from 108 immunocompetent patients with benign and malignant skin lesions, and HPVs were detected in 27%. HPV 8 and HPV 18 were the most frequent types (62 and 48%, respectively). Our results suggest that HPVs, particularly the oncogenic potential of certain types such as HPV 8, 18, and 5 could contribute to the development of NMSCs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- 2000
11. Detection and clinical correlations of ras gene mutations in human ovarian tumors
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Varras, MN Sourvinos, G Diakomanolis, E Koumantakis, E and Flouris, GA Lekka-Katsouli, J Michalas, S Spandidos, DA
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endocrine system diseases - Abstract
In epithelial ovarian neoplasms K-ras codon 12 gene mutations show a wide variation fluctuating between 4-39% in invasive carcinomas and 20-48% in borderline malignant tumors. In this study, we showed the pattern of point mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras, H-ras and N-ras genes, using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 74 tissue specimens of Greek patients with epithelial ovarian tumors. K-ras and H-ras gene mutations were detected in 11/48 (23%) and 3/48 (6%) cases with primary invasive ovarian carcinomas, respectively, while N-ras gene mutations were not found. No mutation of K-, H- and N-ras genes was detected in 23 ovarian cystadenomas. in 1 out of 3 borderline ovarian tumors (33%) we found an H-ras gene mutation. The prevalence of mutations in K-ras gene was 1/8 (13%) in mucinous, 7/29 (24%) in serous, 1/3 (33%) in endometrioid and 2/8 (25%) in clear-cell adenocarcinomas and in H-ras gene 1/8 (13%) in mucinous and 2/29 (7%) in serous adenocarcinomas. Analysis of the results revealed no significant correlation between ras gene mutations and clinicopathological parameters or clinical outcome of this primary invasive ovarian carcinoma population. Our present data suggest that ras gene mutations in invasive ovarian carcinomas occur in 29% of Greek patients and are not associated with the differentiation of the epithelial cells or the response of patients to adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.
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- 1999
12. Codon 12 ras mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: Incidence and prognostic value
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Constantinidou, M Chalevelakis, G Economopoulos, T Koffa, M and Liloglou, T Anastassiou, C Yalouris, A Spandidos, DA and Raptis, S
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hemic and lymphatic diseases - Abstract
To determine the prevalence of activated ras-oncogenes (N-ras, Harvey-ras Kirsten-ras), DNA derived from peripheral blood of 51 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was investigated, The method was based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to amplify DNA, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, Among the French-American-British (FAB) subtypes, N-ras mutations were found in two patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), in one patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t), and in two patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). MDS patients with a mutation at codon 12 of the N-ras gene showed shorter survival duration than other MDS patients of the same FAB subtypes, although these findings proved to be not statistically significant (P > 0.1). Interestingly, all but one patient with N-ras mutation developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In conclusion, the presence of mutation at codon 12 of the N-ras gene might serve as a negative prognostic factor at diagnosis of MDS.
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- 1997
13. The mitochondrion as a primary site of action of glucocorticoids: Mitochondrial nucleotide sequences, showing similarity to hormone response elements, confer dexamethasone inducibility to chimaeric genes transfected in LATK(-) cells
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Tsiriyotis, C Spandidos, DA Sekeris, CE
- Abstract
The hypothesis of a primary action of steroid hormones on mitochondrial gene expression has been supported by the detection of the glucocorticoid receptor in liver mitochondria and the demonstration of the interaction of the receptor with putative mitochondrial HREs. We now show that two putative mitochondrial glucocorticoid response elements present within the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (GREI and GREII), linked to a thymidine kinase promoter and to the CAT gene, transfected to LATK(-) cells, confer dexamethasone inducibility to the CAT gene. As the plasmids were stably transfected, hormone induction was analysed in the nuclear background. This effect is dose dependent and is abolished by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU38486. (C) 1997 Academic Press.
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- 1997
14. DETECTION OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TECHNIQUE
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GIANNOUDIS, A ERGAZAKI, M SEGAS, J GIOTAKIS, J and ADAMOPOULOS, G GORGOULIS, V SPANDIDOS, DA
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hemic and lymphatic diseases - Abstract
We used the PCR technique to detect the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in paraffin-embedded tissues from Greek patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The oligonucleotide primers used for the detection of EBV amplify a 375-bp long sequence from the EcoRI B fragment of the viral genome, whereas for HPV the primers amplify a 151-bp long sequence of the viral genome. The PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualised by UV illumination after staining with ethidium bromide. Sixty-three specimens were examined. EBV specific sequence was amplified in 20 (32%) and HPV in 12 (19%) out of the 63 samples. There was no co-infection with EBV and HPV. Although there is a high correlation of EBV infection with poorly differentiated NPC in patients from Southern China and South-East Asia, the restricted distribution suggests genetic or environmental cofactors in the development of the neoplasm. Our results confirm this suggestion since there was only a 32% correlation of EBV with NPC in Greece. HPV may also be involved in the carcinogenesis of EBV-negative squamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
- Published
- 1995
15. MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CLASS-I GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS IN SQUAMOUS-CELL LUNG CARCINOMAS
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GORGOULIS, V SFIKAKIS, PP KARAMERIS, A PAPASTAMATIOU, H and TRIGIDOU, R VESLEMES, M SPANDIDOS, DA SFIKAKIS, P and JORDANOGLOU, J
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animal structures ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,neoplasms - Abstract
The class I growth factor receptor family includes epidermal growth factor receptor, i.e. c-erbB-1, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 molecules. These receptors have a significant sequence homology and play an important role in cell growth and differentiation. To further investigate their implication in squamous cell lung carcinomas (SqCLCs), we studied the protein expression by immunohistochemistry and examined for possible gene amplification by a novel semi-quantitative differential polymerase chain reaction (DPCR) technique. Expression of c-erbB-1, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 was present in 65%, 28% and 10% respectively, of 40 SqCLCs cases. Seven of the 11 cases that expressed c-erbB-2, was well as all 4 c-erbB-3 expressing cases, also stained with the anti-c-erbB-1 mAb. Expression of c-erbB-1, but not c-erbB-2 or c-erbB-3, correlated with the grade of tumor differentiation (100%, 64% and 36% positive cases of well, moderately and poorly differentiated cases respectively, p < 0.003). In addition, c-erbB-1 expression correlated with the presence of regional lymph node metastases within the moderately differentiated group. The c-erbB-1 gene was amplified in 11/40 (28%) cases, all of which overexpressed c-erbB-1 protein, while c-erbB-2 gene amplification was detected in only one case. There was no c-erbB-3 gene amplification in any of the 40 SqCLCs cases. These findings suggest that c-erbB-1, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 receptors do not have a common role and are of different physiological importance, at least at the stage of clinically overt tumor in human SqCLCs.
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- 1995
16. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus genome in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx
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Kiaris, H Ergazaki, M Segas, J Spandidos, DA
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hemic and lymphatic diseases - Abstract
Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) is a B-lymphotropic virus with a tumorigenic potential. EBV infection has been recognized as rite main cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of EBV in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. We employed for our analysis a sensitive polymorphism chain reaction (PCR) assay, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for further confirmation of the specificity of the PCR-amplification reaction, Our analysis revealed that 9 of 27 (33%) specimens harbored the EBV genome in the tumor tissue while only 4 (15%) specimens from adjacent normal tissue exhibited evidence of EBV infection. Three were EBV positive for both normal and tumor tissue. No association has been found with disease stage, histological differentiation and nodes at pathology. The relatively high incidence of EBV in the tumor tissue (33%) of patients with laryngeal cancer, as compared to the low (15%) incidence of the virus genome detected in the adjacent normal tissue of the patients, indicates a probable role of EBV in the development of the disease.
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- 1995
17. Mycobacterium arupense pulmonary infection: Antibiotic resistance and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
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Neonakis, IK, primary, Gitti, Z, additional, Kontos, F, additional, Baritaki, S, additional, Petinaki, E, additional, Baritaki, M, additional, Liakou, V, additional, Zerva, L, additional, and Spandidos, DA, additional
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- 2010
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18. EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN SQUAMOUS-CELL LUNG CARCINOMAS - AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND GENE ANALYSIS IN FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED MATERIAL
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GORGOULIS, V GIATROMANOLAKI, A KARAMERIS, A TSATSANIS, C and ANINOS, D OZANNE, B VESLEMES, M JORDANOGLOU, J TRIGIDOU, R PAPASTAMATIOU, H SPANDIDOS, DA
- Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFr) constitute an important and well-characterized mitogenic system in various ectodermal tissues. We evaluated the expression of EGFr and examined possible EGFr gene alterations in 18 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded squamous cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) by an immunohistochemical assay, Southern blotting and differential polymerase chain reaction (DPCR). The immunohistochemical study employing the F4 and EGF-R1 monoclonal antibodies, directed against the intra- and extra-cellular portion of the receptor respectively, showed EGFr over-expression in 89% of the SCLC cases examined. All cases showed positive immunostaining for both antibodies, thus excluding the possibility of truncated receptors. In addition, analysis of the EGFr gene was carried out by Southern blotting and DPCR on paraffin extracted DNA from the same carcinoma cases. We found amplification of the EGFr gene in 5/18 (27%) SCLCs. All 5 positive cases showed EGFr over-expression, suggesting a possible correlation between the presence of EGFr gene amplification and over-expression of receptor protein. No correlation was observed among EGFr staining, EGFr gene amplification and differentiation of carcinomas. In addition, Southern blot analysis with HER-A2, a probe which hybridizes a sequence of the receptor’s intracellular domain, revealed three novel EcoRI restriction fragment patterns. We suggest that these patterns correspond to EcoRI polymorphic sites of the receptor’s tyrosine kinase domain.
- Published
- 1993
19. MYCOBACTERIUM THERMORESISTIBILE: CASE REPORT OF A RARELY ISOLATED MYCOBACTERIUM FROM EUROPE AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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Neonakis, IK, primary, Gitti, Z, additional, Kontos, F, additional, Baritaki, S, additional, Petinaki, E, additional, Baritaki, M, additional, Zerva, L, additional, and Spandidos, DA, additional
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- 2009
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20. ISOLATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM MALMOENSE IN THE ISLAND OF CRETE, GREECE
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Kourbeti, IS, primary, Neonakis, IK, additional, Gitti, Z, additional, and Spandidos, DA, additional
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- 2008
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21. Isolation ofMycobacterium malmoense in the island of Crete, Greece
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Kourbeti, IS, primary, Neonakis, IK, additional, Gitti, Z, additional, and Spandidos, DA, additional
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- 2008
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22. p53 gene aberrations in non-small-cell lung carcinomas from a smoking population
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Liloglou, T, primary, Ross, H, additional, Prime, W, additional, Donnelly, RJ, additional, Spandidos, DA, additional, Gosney, JR, additional, and Field, JK, additional
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- 1997
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23. Allelotype of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: fractional allele loss correlates with survival
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Field, JK, primary, Kiaris, H, additional, Risk, JM, additional, Tsiriyotis, C, additional, Adamson, R, additional, Zoumpourlis, V, additional, Rowley, H, additional, Taylor, K, additional, Whittaker, J, additional, Howard, P, additional, Beirne, JC, additional, Gosney, JR, additional, Woolgar, J, additional, Vaughan, ED, additional, Spandidos, DA, additional, and Jones, AS, additional
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- 1995
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24. Mutations, expression and genomic instability of the H-ras proto-oncogene in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
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Kiaris, H, primary, Spandidos, DA, additional, Jones, AS, additional, Vaughan, ED, additional, and Field, JK, additional
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- 1995
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25. Microsatellite instability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
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Field, JK, primary, Kiaris, H, additional, Howard, P, additional, Vaughan, ED, additional, Spandidos, DA, additional, and Jones, AS, additional
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- 1995
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26. Elevated P53 expression correlates with a history of heavy smoking in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
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Field, JK, primary, Spandidos, DA, additional, Malliri, A, additional, Gosney, JR, additional, Yiagnisis, M, additional, and Stell, PM, additional
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- 1991
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27. Association between schizophrenia and DRD3 or HTR2 receptor gene variants.
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Baritaki, S, Rizos, E, Zafiropoulos, A, Soufla, G, Katsafouros, K, Gourvas, V, and Spandidos, DA
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SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PSYCHOSES ,DEPERSONALIZATION ,SCHIZOTYPAL personality disorder ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,POPULATION genetics ,CHROMOSOME polymorphism ,GENETICS - Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and common psychiatric disorder afflicting 1% of the world population. A role of many neurotransmitter receptors in schizophrenia was suggested by an association with several polymorphisms located in their coding regions. In this study we examined the contribution of the T-102C and A-206G transitions in the 5-HTR2a and DRD3 receptor genes respectively to genetic susceptibility and phenotypic expression of schizophrenia disorder within the Greek population. We determined by PCR and RFLP analysis the genotype for the above polymorphisms in 114 schizophrenic hospitalized individuals and 192 control samples. In contrast to previous reports from large European multicentre studies, which indicate significant correlation between schizophrenia and C-102 allele of the T-102C polymorphism, in this study we observed a statistically significant overall association between the disorder and allele T-102 (P<0.0001, odds ratio (OR)=2.11, 95% CI=1.48-3.02). We also found a highly significant excess of the T-102/C-102 and C-102/C-102 genotypes in the normal group (P<0.001). Comparison of the patients with the controls for the DRD3 polymorphism (A-206G transition) showed marginally nonsignificant differences in the genotypic (P=0.054) and no significance in the allelic (P=0.163) frequencies. However, the A-206/A-206 genotype seems to positively contribute to the disorder appearance, when compared to A-206/G-206 as genotype base line risk (P=0.016, OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.09-3.26). In conclusion, from genetic association analysis of this schizophrenic population, a significant association is clearly determined between the HTR2 genetic polymorphism and the presence of schizophrenic disorder, manifested as increased risk of schizophrenia for carriers of the T-102 allele.European Journal of Human Genetics (2004) 12, 535-541. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201180 Published online 14 April 2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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28. Rodent fibroblast tumours expressing human myc and ras genes: growth, metastasis and endogenous oncogene expression.
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Wyllie, AH, Rose, KA, Morris, RG, Steel, CM, Foster, E, Spandidos, DA, Wyllie, A H, Rose, K A, Morris, R G, Steel, C M, and Spandidos, D A
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- 1987
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29. Mycobacterium arupensepulmonary infection: Antibiotic resistance and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
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Neonakis, IK, Gitti, Z, Kontos, F, Baritaki, S, Petinaki, E, Baritaki, M, Liakou, V, Zerva, L, and Spandidos, DA
- Abstract
Mycobacterium arupenseis a novel mycobacterium species. It was first identified from clinical specimens in 2006 and since then there have been only two reports of its recovery from clinical samples. In the present case M. arupensewas isolated from the sputum of a 62-year-old man with a malignant mass in his left kidney, who presented with a one-month history of recurrent fever, dyspnea and haemoptysis. M. arupensewas identified with sequencing of hsp65and 16S rRNA genes. In the present study, its biochemical profile along with its resistance status and hsp65RFLP analysis is presented.
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- 2010
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30. Molecularly cloned bovine papillomavirus DNA transforms mouse fibroblasts in vitro
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Campo Ms and Spandidos Da
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DNA, Recombinant ,Molecular cloning ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Plasmid ,law ,Virology ,Animals ,Cloning, Molecular ,Papillomaviridae ,Bovine papillomavirus ,Bovine papillomavirus 1 ,Cloning ,biology ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Transfection ,Fibroblasts ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,Molecular biology ,chemistry ,DNA, Viral ,Recombinant DNA ,In vitro recombination ,DNA - Abstract
Summary NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were transformed in vitro by transfection with viral DNA from bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 4, 2 and 1. The viral DNAs were molecularly cloned in pAT153 to construct pBV4, a recombinant plasmid containing the whole genome of BPV4, pBV2 containing the entire genome of BPV2, and pBV1-D1 which contains the 69% transforming DNA fragments of BPV1. The transformed cells lost contact inhibition, were anchorage-independent, required low serum and were tumourigenic in nude mice. This is the first report of cell transformation in vitro by BPV4 DNA. The recombinant plasmids transformed NIH 3T3 cells with an efficiency of 200 to 300 foci/µg DNA. Cleavage of the recombinant plasmids with enzymes that separate the viral DNA from pAT153 DNA did not significantly alter the efficiency of transformation. In all the transformed cells analysed, the recombinant plasmids were found as multiple copies of non-integrated monomers.
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- 1983
31. ISOLATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM MALMOENSEIN THE ISLAND OF CRETE, GREECE
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Kourbeti, IS, Neonakis, IK, Gitti, Z, and Spandidos, DA
- Abstract
Mycobacterium malmoense wasisolated from a broncho-alveolar lavage sample of a 73-year-old cancer (small cell lung carcinoma) patient in Crete, representing the first reported case of this pathogen in Greece. The isolate was considered to be a colonizer and the patient did not receive any antimycobacterial treatment while he received chemotherapy to which he responded favourably. No signs of pulmonary infection were noted during the course of his disease. This case provides evidence of the ubiquitous nature of this mycobacterial species, believed until recently to favour cooler climates. We, therefore, propose that the index of suspicion for this pathogen should be raised particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency, cancer and chronic lung disease, irrespective of the geographic location.
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- 2008
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32. Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection-are there implications for HPV vaccination?
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Sourvinos G, Mammas IN, and Spandidos DA
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- 2010
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33. Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1: wider roles in cancer progression and prevention.
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Androutsopoulos VP, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA, Androutsopoulos, Vasilis P, Tsatsakis, Aristidis M, and Spandidos, Demetrios A
- Abstract
CYP1A1 is one of the main cytochrome P450 enzymes, examined extensively for its capacity to activate compounds with carcinogenic properties. Continuous exposure to inhalation chemicals and environmental carcinogens is thought to increase the level of CYP1A1 expression in extrahepatic tissues, through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Although the latter has long been recognized as a ligand-induced transcription factor, which is responsible for the xenobiotic activating pathway of several phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes, recent evidence suggests that the AhR is involved in various cell signaling pathways critical to cell cycle regulation and normal homeostasis. Disregulation of these pathways is implicated in tumor progression. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that CYP1A1 plays an important role in the detoxication of environmental carcinogens, as well as in the metabolic activation of dietary compounds with cancer preventative activity. Ultimately the contribution of CYP1A1 to cancer progression or prevention may depend on the balance of procarcinogen activation/detoxication and dietary natural product extrahepatic metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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34. Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review).
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Georgakopoulou VE, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Reiter RJ, and Spandidos DA
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- Humans, Animals, Nicotine adverse effects, Melatonin metabolism, Tobacco Use Disorder metabolism, Circadian Rhythm drug effects, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Due to the addictive qualities of tobacco products and the compulsive craving and dependence associated with their use, nicotine dependence continues to be a serious public health concern on a global scale. Despite awareness of the associated health risks, nicotine addiction contributes to numerous acute and chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders and cancer. The nocturnal secretion of pineal melatonin, known as the 'hormone of darkness', influences circadian rhythms and is implicated in addiction‑related behaviors. Melatonin receptors are found throughout the brain, influencing dopaminergic neurotransmission and potentially attenuating nicotine‑seeking behavior. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of melatonin may mitigate oxidative stress from chronic nicotine exposure, reducing cellular damage and lowering the risk of nicotine‑related health issues. In addition to its effects on circadian rhythmicity, melatonin acting via specific neural receptors influences sleep and mood, and provides neuroprotection. Disruptions in melatonin signaling may contribute to sleep disturbances and mood disorders, highlighting the potential therapeutic role of melatonin in addiction and psychiatric conditions. Melatonin may influence neurotransmitter systems involved in addiction, such as the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and endogenous opioid systems. Preclinical studies suggest the potential of melatonin in modulating reward processing, attenuating drug‑induced hyperactivity and reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms. Chronotherapeutic approaches targeting circadian rhythms and melatonin signaling show promise in smoking cessation interventions. Melatonin supplementation during periods of heightened nicotine cravings may alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Further research is required however, to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the melatonin‑nicotine association and the optimization of therapeutic interventions. Challenges include variability in individual responses to melatonin, optimal dosing regimens and identifying biomarkers of treatment response. Understanding these complexities could lead to personalized treatment strategies and improve smoking cessation outcomes.
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- 2024
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35. Atypical pneumonia (Review).
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Tarantinos K, Sklapani P, Trakas N, and Spandidos DA
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Atypical pneumonia encompasses diverse pathogens, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella species, which differ from typical bacterial pneumonia in their extrapulmonary manifestations. Clinical differentiation relies on systemic involvement rather than on standalone symptoms. Despite challenges in distinct diagnosis, syndromic approaches and weighted point systems aid in accurate presumptive diagnoses. Antibiotic treatment, often non-β-lactams due to the unique cell structures of atypical pathogens, targets intracellular processes. Macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones and ketolides are effective due to their intracellular penetration, crucial for combating these intracellular pathogens. The prevalence of atypical pneumonia varies globally, with Europe, Asia/Africa and Latin America reporting detection rates between 20-28%. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a primary cause of pneumonia; however, atypical pathogens contribute significantly to this disease, being more prevalent in outpatient settings and among young adults. Legionella stands out in severe hospitalized cases and is associated with higher mortality rates. Diagnosis proves challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other respiratory infections. Differentiation among pathogens, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella relies on subtle clinical variations and imaging findings. Diagnostic methods include serological studies, cultures and polymerase chain reaction, each with limitations in sensitivity or specificity. Prognosis varies widely. Atypical pneumonia can progress to severe forms with fatal outcomes, causing multi-organ damage. Complications extend beyond the respiratory system, affecting the cardiovascular system, exacerbating conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and potentially linking to conditions such as lung cancer. Increasing antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge, influencing treatment outcomes and prolonging illness duration., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Georgakopoulou et al.)
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- 2024
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36. Multi‑label classification of biomedical data.
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Diakou I, Iliopoulos E, Papakonstantinou E, Dragoumani K, Yapijakis C, Iliopoulos C, Spandidos DA, Chrousos GP, Eliopoulos E, and Vlachakis D
- Abstract
Biomedical datasets constitute a rich source of information, containing multivariate data collected during medical practice. In spite of inherent challenges, such as missing or imbalanced data, these types of datasets are increasingly utilized as a basis for the construction of predictive machine-learning models. The prediction of disease outcomes and complications could inform the process of decision-making in the hospital setting and ensure the best possible patient management according to the patient's features. Multi-label classification algorithms, which are trained to assign a set of labels to input samples, can efficiently tackle outcome prediction tasks. Myocardial infarction (MI) represents a widespread health risk, accounting for a significant portion of heart disease-related mortality. Moreover, the danger of potential complications occurring in patients with MI during their period of hospitalization underlines the need for systems to efficiently assess the risks of patients with MI. In order to demonstrate the critical role of applying machine-learning methods in medical challenges, in the present study, a set of multi-label classifiers was evaluated on a public dataset of MI-related complications to predict the outcomes of hospitalized patients with MI, based on a set of input patient features. Such methods can be scaled through the use of larger datasets of patient records, along with fine-tuning for specific patient sub-groups or patient populations in specific regions, to increase the performance of these approaches. Overall, a prediction system based on classifiers trained on patient records may assist healthcare professionals in providing personalized care and efficient monitoring of high-risk patient subgroups., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Diakou et al.)
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- 2024
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37. Precision medicine in breast cancer (Review).
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Papalexis P, Georgakopoulou VE, Drossos PV, Thymara E, Nonni A, Lazaris AC, Zografos GC, Spandidos DA, Kavantzas N, and Thomopoulou GE
- Abstract
Precision medicine in breast cancer is a revolutionary approach that customizes diagnosis and treatment based on individual and tumor characteristics, departing from the traditional one-size-fits-all approach. Breast cancer is diverse, with various subtypes driven by distinct genetic mutations. Understanding this diversity is crucial for tailored treatment strategies that target specific vulnerabilities in each tumor. Genetic testing, particularly for mutations in breast cancer gene (BRCA) DNA repair-associated genes, helps assess hereditary risks and influences treatment decisions. Molecular subtyping guides personalized treatments, such as hormonal therapies for receptor-positive tumors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted treatments. Targeted therapies, including those for HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, offer more effective and precise interventions. Immunotherapy, especially checkpoint inhibitors, shows promise, particularly in certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer, with ongoing research aiming to broaden its effectiveness. Integration of big data and artificial intelligence enhances personalized treatment strategies, while liquid biopsies provide real-time insights into tumor dynamics, aiding in treatment monitoring and modification. Challenges persist, including accessibility and tumor complexity, but emerging technologies and precision prevention offer hope for improved outcomes. Ultimately, precision medicine aims to optimize treatment efficacy, minimize adverse effects and enhance the quality of life for patients with breast cancer., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Papalexis et al.)
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- 2024
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38. Gastric cancer and brain metastasis: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.
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Fotakopoulos G, Christodoulidis G, Georgakopoulou VE, Trakas N, Skapani P, Panagiotopoulos K, Spandidos DA, and Foroglou N
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Gastric cancer (GC) constitutes one of the most wide-ranging cancers, with brain metastasis (BM) being a markedly uncommon and unfavorable outcome. The present meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between no-surgical treatment vs. additional surgical BM resection on the patient's quality of life and potential survival using electronic databases, including PubMed (1980-April 2024), Medline (1980-April 2024), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (1980-April 2024). After a literature search, six articles were included in the final study pool. The number of patients with BM and conservative treatment was 289 (80.05%) compared with those that underwent an additional surgical resection 72 (19.95%). The mean age was 59.2 years, and the males were 195 (73.8%) of 264 available from five studies. The findings of the present meta-analysis revealed that the curative effect of BM tumor resection on patients with GC undergoing additional treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery, whole-brain radiotherapy or chemotherapy was favorable for their survival., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Fotakopoulos et al.)
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- 2024
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39. Comparison of surgical techniques for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas: A single‑center case series.
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Chatzidakis S, Bakiri ZM, Faropoulos K, Fotakopoulos G, Georgakopoulou VE, Trakas N, Sklapani P, Spandidos DA, Yiallouris A, and Papadopoulos D
- Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most challenging realities in the neurosurgical world. The aim of the present study was to compare different surgical techniques, such as burr hole evacuation with subperiosteal drain or subdural drain and mini-craniotomy, and to review the diverse outcomes on the post-operative clinical state of patients. The present study was a retrospective cohort study with 122 patients with CSDH treated at a single center. The patients were separated into three groups according to the surgical technique used as follows: group 1, two burr holes with the placement of a subperiosteal drain; group 2, single burr hole per hematoma with the placement of an intradural drain; and group 3, mini-craniotomy. The duration of hospitalization, hematoma recurrence, complications, Glasgow coma scale at discharge and mortality were reported as outcome measures. A total of 3 patients succumbed following hematoma evacuation; of these 2 patients were from group 2 and 1 patient was from group 3. The patients from groups 1 and 3 exhibited a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of hematoma recurrence than patients in group 2 (OR, 0.76; P<0.01; and OR, 0.8; P<0.01, respectively). The patients in group 1 exhibited a significantly lower probability of having a depressed level of consciousness on discharge (OR, 0.249; P=0.031). Group 2 was associated with a statistically significant prolongation of hospitalization. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that multiple burr hole hematoma evacuation with subperiosteal drain placement and mild suction is a very promising technique with very beneficial post-operative outcomes, such as zero mortality, a low CSDH recurrence risk, a reduced period of hospitalization and an improved post-operative quality of life., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Chatzidakis et al.)
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- 2024
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40. Exploring the pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Review).
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Sklapani P, Trakas N, and Spandidos DA
- Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes without a cell wall, are the most prevalent and extensively studied species in humans. They significantly contribute to chronic respiratory tract illnesses and pneumonia, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) infections typically tend to be self-limiting and mild but can progress to severe or even life-threatening conditions in certain individuals. Extrapulmonary effects often occur without pneumonia, and both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications operate through separate pathological mechanisms. The indirect immune-mediated damage of the immune system, vascular blockages brought on by vasculitis or thrombosis and direct harm from invasion or locally induced inflammatory cytokines are potential causes of extrapulmonary manifestations due to M. pneumoniae . Proteins associated with adhesion serve as the primary factor crucial for the pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae , relying on a specialized polarized terminal attachment organelle. The type and density of these host receptors significantly impact the adhesion and movement of M. pneumoniae , subsequently influencing the pathogenic mechanism and infection outcomes. Adjacent proteins are crucial for the proper assembly of the attachment organelle, with variations in the genetic domains of P1, P40 and P90 surfaces contributing to the variability of clinical symptoms and offering new avenues for developing vaccines against M. pneumoniae infections. M. pneumoniae causes oxidative stress within respiratory tract epithelial cells by adhering to host cells and releasing hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. This oxidative stress enhances the vulnerability of host cells to harm induced by oxygen molecules. The lack of superoxide dismutase and catalase of bacteria allows it to hinder the catalase activity of the host cell, leading to the reduced breakdown of peroxides. Lung macrophages play a significant role in managing M. pneumoniae infection, identifying it via Toll-like receptor 2 and initiating the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-nuclear factor κΒ signaling cascade. However, the precise mechanisms enabling M. pneumoniae to evade intracellular host defenses remain unknown, necessitating further exploration of the pathways involved in intracellular survival. The present comprehensive review delves into the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection within the pulmonary system and into extrapulmonary areas, outlining its impact., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Georgakopoulou et al.)
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- 2024
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41. Precision medicine for respiratory diseases: A current viewpoint.
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Sklapani P, Trakas N, and Spandidos DA
- Abstract
In the realm of respiratory illnesses, despite the immense costs and efforts invested in diagnosis and treatment, numerous patients with chronic respiratory conditions or malignancies do not respond well to existing therapies. Delayed diagnoses and inadequate treatments contribute to these challenges, along with adverse reactions or treatment limitations due to side-effects. However, recent advancements in understanding respiratory diseases have paved the way for personalized medical treatments, considering individual genetic, molecular and environmental factors. Precision medicine, which accommodates individual differences in disease susceptibility and response to treatments, aims to improve patient care by aligning medical research with tailored therapies. Innovative technologies, such as genomic sequencing and biomarker identification contribute to this approach, allowing for customized treatments and the identification of effective therapies. Additionally, the application of precision medicine in lung cancer treatment exemplifies the forefront of individualized care within respiratory medicine. Several studies have explored the role of precision medicine in managing respiratory infectious diseases, asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, aiming to categorize diseases more accurately and design targeted therapies. The ultimate goal is to enhance treatment effectiveness, minimize adverse events, and shift towards a patient-centered approach to managing respiratory conditions. Despite limitations, precision medicine holds promise for improving patient outcomes and emphasizing personalized care in respiratory medicine., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Georgakopoulou et al.)
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- 2024
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42. Management of intracranial cavernous malformations using conservative vs. surgical and/or radiosurgical treatment: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.
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Fotakopoulos G, Georgakopoulou VE, Papalexis P, Spandidos DA, Trakas N, Sklapani P, and Fountas KN
- Abstract
Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) are vascular lesions with a high bleeding rate. At present, the debate regarding their treatment is still ongoing. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety of surgery or radiosurgery (SRS) for the management of CMs and to determine their potential outcomes compared with conservative treatment. The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relative articles involving the management of intracranial CMs, namely their natural history (conservative treatment) vs. surgical/SRS treatment through electronic databases until June, 2023. The collected variables included the first author's name, the study period covered, the year of publication, the total number of patients examined and their age, and the number of males. In total, six articles met the eligibility criteria. The total number of patients was 399 (157 in the surgery/SRS group and 242 in the conservative treatment group). The results revealed that surgical or SRS management is a safe procedure for CMs compared with conservative treatment. Notably, the use of hemosiderin in the pre-MRI, the free of seizures parameter and the neurological deficit parameters were associated with improved outcomes in the surgical or SRS group of patients., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Fotakopoulos et al.)
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- 2024
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43. The parallel lives of pandemics: COVID‑19 and obesity.
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, and Spandidos DA
- Abstract
The present article discusses the interconnectedness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and obesity as global health crises. The similarities between the two conditions are highlighted; these include shared risk factors and comorbidities, and the impact of obesity on the immune system. The present article also mentions the challenges faced in combating both pandemics, including misinformation and prejudice against obesity. It discusses the development of therapeutic medications and vaccines for COVID-19 and the potential of injectable incretin analogues for weight loss. Socioeconomic issues are also addressed, with obesity being more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups and the cost of obesity treatments being a barrier for those in need. The present article emphasizes the need for comprehensive and sustainable solutions, including public health interventions, education, policy changes and equitable distribution of resources, to address both COVID-19 and obesity., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Georgakopoulou et al.)
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- 2024
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44. A mid‑pandemic night's dream: Melatonin, from harbinger of anti‑inflammation to mitochondrial savior in acute and long COVID‑19 (Review).
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Reiter RJ, and Spandidos DA
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- Humans, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Antioxidants metabolism, Pandemics, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 metabolism, COVID-19, Melatonin pharmacology, Melatonin therapeutic use, Melatonin metabolism
- Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), a systemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has triggered a worldwide pandemic with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to chronic, affecting practically every organ. Melatonin, an ancient antioxidant found in all living organisms, has been suggested as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection due to its good safety characteristics and broad‑spectrum antiviral medication properties. Melatonin is essential in various metabolic pathways and governs physiological processes, such as the sleep‑wake cycle and circadian rhythms. It exhibits oncostatic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‑aging properties, exhibiting promise for use in the treatment of numerous disorders, including COVID‑19. The preventive and therapeutic effects of melatonin have been widely explored in a number of conditions and have been well‑established in experimental ischemia/reperfusion investigations, particularly in coronary heart disease and stroke. Clinical research evaluating the use of melatonin in COVID‑19 has shown various improved outcomes, including reduced hospitalization durations; however, the trials are small. Melatonin can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID‑19, improve immune cell function and provide antioxidant properties. However, its therapeutic potential remains underexplored due to funding limitations and thus further investigations are required.
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- 2024
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45. Role of microRNAs in cognitive decline related to COVID‑19 (Review).
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Bougea A, Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Fotakopoulos G, Papalexis P, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Spandidos DA, and Angelopoulou E
- Abstract
The likelihood and severity of cognitive decline related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been shown to be reflected by the severity of the infection and concomitant alterations in specific biomarkers. The present review discusses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) as biomarkers in COVID-19 and the potential molecular mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction related to COVID-19. A systematic search of published articles was carried out from January 31, 2000 to December 31, 2022 using the PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases, combining the following terms: 'COVID-19' OR 'SARS-CoV-2' OR 'post-COVID-19 effects' OR 'cognitive decline' OR 'neurodegeneration' OR 'microRNAs'. The quality of the evidence was evaluated as high, moderate, low, or very low based on the GRADE rating. A total of 36 studies were identified which demonstrated reduced blood levels of miR-146a, miR-155, Let-7b, miR 31 and miR-21 in patients with COVID-19 in comparison with a healthy group. The overexpression of the Let-7b may result in the downregulation of BCL-2 during COVID-9 by adjusting the immune responses between chronic inflammatory disease, type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 and cognitive impairment. The reduced expression of miR-31 is associated with cognitive dysfunction and increased microcoagulability in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). miR-155 mediates synaptic dysfunction and the dysregulation of neurotransmitters due to acute inflammation, leading to brain atrophy and a subcortical cognitive profile. The downregulation of miR-21 in patients with COVID-19 aggravates systemic inflammation, mediating an uncontrollable immune response and the failure of T-cell function, provoking cognitive impairment in patients with SARS-CoV-2. On the whole, the present review indicates that dysregulated levels of miR-146a, miR-155, Let-7b, miR-31, and miR-21 in the blood of individuals with COVID-19 are associated with cognitive decline, the chronic activation of immune mechanisms, the cytokine storm, and the vicious cycle of damage and systemic inflammation., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Bougea et al.)
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- 2024
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46. Neurobiology of bruxism: The impact of stress (Review).
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Pavlou IA, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V, and Papakosta VK
- Abstract
Bruxism is a non-functional involuntary muscle activity that affects more than one-third of the population at some point in their lives. A number of factors have been found to be related to the etiopathogenesis of bruxism; therefore, the condition is considered multifactorial. The most commonly accepted factor is stress. Stress has long been considered to increase muscle tone and to reduce the pain threshold. Current evidence indicates that exposure to chronic stress, distress and allostatic load ignite neurological degeneration and the attenuation of critical neuronal pathways that are highly implicated in the orofacial involuntary muscle activity. The present review discusses the negative effects that chronic stress exerts on certain parts of the central nervous system and the mechanisms through which these changes are involved in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism. The extent of these morphological and functional changes on nerves and neuronal tracts provides valuable insight into the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve successful treatment. Additionally, particular emphasis is given on the effects of bruxism on the central nervous system, particularly the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as this subsequently induces an increase in circulating corticosterone levels, also evidenced by increased levels of salivary cortisol, thereby transforming bruxism into a self-reinforcing loop., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Pavlou et al.)
- Published
- 2024
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47. Association of endometriosis with Sjögren's syndrome: Genetic insights (Review).
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Zervou MI, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis GF, Spandidos DA, Niewold TB, and Goulielmos GN
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- Humans, Female, Eye, Epithelium, Sjogren's Syndrome complications, Sjogren's Syndrome genetics, Endometriosis complications, Endometriosis genetics, Arthritis, Rheumatoid
- Abstract
Patients with a history of endometriosis have an increased risk of developing various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and celiac disease. There is a potential association between endometriosis and an increased susceptibility for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS is a common chronic, inflammatory, systemic, autoimmune, multifactorial disease of complex pathology, with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of this condition. It occurs in 0.5‑1% of the population, is characterized by the presence of ocular dryness, lymphocytic infiltrations and contributes to neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular and dermatological manifestations. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen‑dependent, multifactorial, heterogeneous gynecological disease, affecting ≤10% of reproductive‑age women. It is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, mainly in the pelvic cavity, and is associated with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and either subfertility or infertility. It is still unclear whether SS appears as a secondary response to endometriosis, or it is developed due to any potential shared mechanisms of these conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore further the biological basis only of the co‑occurrence of these disorders but not their association at clinical basis, focusing on the analysis of the partially shared genetic background between endometriosis and SS, and the clarification of the possible similarities in the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the relevant molecular pathways.
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- 2024
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48. Genes encoding γ‑glutamyl‑transpeptidases in the allicin biosynthetic pathway in garlic ( Allium sativum ).
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Baltzi E, Papaloukas C, Spandidos DA, and Michalopoulos I
- Abstract
Allicin is a thiosulphate molecule produced in garlic ( Allium sativum ) and has a wide range of biological actions and pharmaceutical applications. Its precursor molecule is the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulphoxide). The alliin biosynthetic pathway in garlic involves a group of enzymes, members of which are the γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase isoenzymes, Allium sativum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase AsGGT1, AsGGT2 and AsGGT3, which catalyze the removal of the γ-glutamyl group from γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine to produce S-allyl-L-cysteine. This removal is followed by an S-oxygenation, which leads to the biosynthesis of alliin. The aim of the present study is to annotate previously discovered genes of garlic γ-glutamyl-transpeptidases, as well as a fourth candidate gene (AsGGT4) that has yet not been described. The annotation includes identifying the loci of the genes in the garlic genome, revealing the overall structure and conserved regions of these genes, and elucidating the evolutionary history of these enzymes through their phylogenetic analysis. The genomic structure of γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase genes is conserved; each gene consists of seven exons, and these genes are located on different chromosomes. AsGGT3 and AsGGT4 enzymes contain a signal peptide. To that end, the AsGGT3 protein sequence was corrected; four indel events occurring in AsGGT3 coding regions suggested that at least in the garlic variety Ershuizao, AsGGT3 may be a pseudogene. Finally, the use of protein structure prediction tools allowed the visualization of the tertiary structure of the candidate peptide., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Baltzi et al.)
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- 2024
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49. Assessment of the effects of amphiphilic poly (N‑vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles loaded with bortezomib on glioblastoma cell lines and zebrafish embryos.
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Yagolovich AV, Kuskov AN, Kulikov PP, Bagrov DV, Petrova PA, Kukovyakina EV, Isakova AA, Khan II, Pokrovsky VS, Nosyrev AE, Stamati PC, Markvicheva EA, Gasparian ME, Spandidos DA, and Tsatsakis AM
- Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an anticancer agent approved for treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, its application in other types of cancer, primarily in solid tumors, is limited due to poor pharmacokinetics, inefficient tissue penetration, low stability and frequent adverse effects. In the present study, a novel micellar nano-scaled delivery system was manufactured, composed of amphiphilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles loaded with bortezomib. Similar nanoparticles loaded with prothionamide, a drug without anticancer effect, were used as control. The size and zeta potential of the obtained polymeric micelles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Bortezomib-loaded micelles exhibited significant cytotoxic activity in vitro in monolayer tumor cell cultures (IC
50 ~6.5 µg/ml) and in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (IC50 ~8.5 µg/ml) of human glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G. Additionally, the toxic effects in vivo were studied in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos, with an estimated 50% lethal concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Considering that bortezomib and other molecules from the class of proteasome inhibitors are potent antitumor agents, nanodelivery approach can help reduce adverse effects and expand the range of its applications for treatment of various oncological diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Yagolovich et al.)- Published
- 2024
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50. Lung function at three months after hospitalization due to COVID‑19 pneumonia: Comparison of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance periods.
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Georgakopoulou VE, Makrodimitri S, Gkoufa A, Apostolidi E, Provatas S, Papalexis P, Spandidos DA, Lempesis IG, Gamaletsou MN, and Sipsas NV
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected millions of individuals, with increasing numbers of survivors. These data suggest that the pulmonary sequelae of the infection may have an effect on a wide range of individuals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pulmonary function in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 three months after hospital discharge. A total of 116 patients, 34 females and 82 males, with a mean age of 57.77±11.45 years, who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, underwent pulmonary function testing three months after their hospital discharge. Of these, 83 (71.6%) patients were hospitalized in the period of alpha variant predominance, 16 (13.8%) in the period of delta variant predominance and 17 (14.6%) in the omicron variant predominance period. The mean value of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)% predicted (pred) was statistically higher in patients affected by the omicron variant (P=0.028). Abnormal values (<80% pred) of DLCO and total lung capacity (TLC) were observed in 28.4 and 20.7% of the patients, respectively. Active smoking was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec % pred and TLC% pred [P=0.038; odds ratio (OR): 8.574, confidence interval (CI) 1.124-65.424 and P=0.004, OR: 14.733, CI 2.323-93.429, respectively], age was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced vital capacity % pred and DLCO% pred (P=0.027, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246 and P=0.011, OR:1.054, CI 1.012-1.098, respectively); and female sex was an independent predictor of abnormal values of DLCO% pred (P=0.009, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246). Α significant percentage of hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia will develop abnormal pulmonary function, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant., Competing Interests: DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision, for this article. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Georgakopoulou et al.)
- Published
- 2024
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