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In recent years, the idea about the physiological significance of neutrophils, including during pregnancy and childbirth, has evolved significantly. There is an opinion that in the course of pregnancy, the activity of non-specific cellular immunity increases, which, in addition to performing a protective function, forms a mode of contractile activity of the uterus that is optimal for child-bearing. In obstetric practice, in order to reduce uterine hypertonicity in the treatment of miscarriage, β-adrenergic agonists are widely used. However, many aspects of their influence on the mother and the foetus remain insufficiently studied. The aim of this paper was to study the effect of Gynipral (selective β2-adrenergic agonist) on the intensity of latex-induced respiratory burst of venous blood neutrophils in women at different stages of reproduction. Using the chemiluminescence method, we showed for the first time that Gynipral, depending on the stage of reproduction, has multidirectional effect on the latex-induced radical activity of neutrophils in the venous blood of women in vitro. At a low level of radical reaction of neutrophils to latex (in the follicular phase of the cycle, during pregnancy and, which is especially important, during childbirth), Gynipral enhances the oxidative activity of cells; at a high level of radical reaction of neutrophils (during the luteal phase of the cycle and after childbirth), Gynipral inhibits it. It can be assumed that in women, catecholamines (adrenaline) during pregnancy through β2- and/or β3-adrenergic receptors increase the ability of neutrophils to produce activated forms of oxygen, while after delivery they reduce this ability. Such changes in receptor activation may be associated with the phenomenon of switching of β-adrenergic receptor coupling from Gs protein to Gi protein, which is important for regulatory mechanisms. For citation: Polezhaeva T.V., Paturova I.G., Zaytseva O.O., Solomina O.N., Khudyakov A.N., Sergushkina M.I., Dmitrieva S.L., Tsirkin V.I. Effect of Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Gynipral on the Radical Activity of Neutrophils in the Blood of Women at Different Stages of Reproduction. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 171–181. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z055

Adrenoceptor activators and blockers are widely used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. More recently, adrenergic agents have also been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate a location of sympathetic varicosities in close proximity to neuromuscular junctions. The pressing question is whether there could be any effects of endo- or exogenous catecholamines on cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. It was shown that the pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors, as well as sympathectomy, can affect both acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals and the functioning of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. In this review, we discuss the recent data regarding the effects of adrenergic drugs on neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which the clinically relevant adrenomimetics and adrenoblockers regulate quantal acetylcholine release from the presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic sensitivity may help in the design of highly effective and well-tolerated sympathomimetics for treating a number of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by synaptic defects.

Nowadays, improvement of the education quality remains a burning issue in the world and, in particular, in Russia. Modern social, economic and cultural transformations have bred new values in education to appear; educational objectives, goals, content and results have been reviewed. Contemporary changes have generated a reasonable request of the society for training a comprehensively developed, cultured and competent person who is given the necessary set of social important competences for various culture-congruent activities; actively interact with society and efficiently adopt social roles. Current trends dictate to look for new approaches and methods in education that actively form personal and social skills and competencies to facilitate a better social adaptation and socialization of every person with understanding of their potential. In this regard, investigation of emotional competence of school students with intellectual disabilities is of special relevance; state and condition of the disorder in many ways define the capacity of sound socialization for this group of children. Goal of our research is to analyze theoretical background, studies and methodological concepts in world and Russian psychology on the problem of regulation of emotional response of school students with intellectual disabilities through shaping emotional competence in their behavior; to pinpoint problems and potential to scrutinize this topic. The scope of the research is the process of emotion regulation of school students with intellectual disabilities through shaping emotional competence, which encompasses abilities to monitor, control and manage their emotional response in social environment. The research found that most scientists although declare the need for special programs to study and correct the emotional responses of intellectually disabled students with a view to their best socialization in modern society, there are still deficits in both the science and the practice of special psychology related to the development and implementation of technologies for monitoring, predicting and managing emotional responses among this group of schoolchildren.

The work is dedicated to the determination of the origin of archaeological finds from medieval glass using the method of neutron activation analysis (NAA). Among such objects we can discover not only things produced in ancient Russian glassmaking workshops but also imported from Byzantium. The authors substantiate the ancient Russian origin of the medieval glass bracelets of pre-Mongol period, found on the ancient Dubna settlement. The conclusions are based on data about the glass chemical composition obtained as a result of NAA of 10 fragments of bracelets at the IBR-2 reactor (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research).

The study examines innovative HR branding strategies for the forest industry. The need for innovation is driven by the growing influence of negative trends that complicate the reproduction of human resources within the framework of timber industry. These alarming trends are largely characteristic of both markets economically developed and developing countries. The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of HR innovations in communication policies of Russian and foreign companies. The benchmarking analysis of innovative HR branding practices enables us to build the best communication model for companies working in the forest sector of the economy.

Maternal high levels of the redox active amino acid homocysteine—called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY)—can affect the health state of the progeny. The effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on rats with maternal hHCY remain unknown. In the present study, we characterized the physical development, reflex ontogeny, locomotion and exploratory activity, muscle strength, motor coordination, and brain redox state of pups with maternal hHCY and tested potential beneficial action of the H2S donor—sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)—on these parameters. Our results indicate a significant decrease in litter size and body weight of pups from dams fed with methionine-rich diet. In hHCY pups, a delay in the formation of sensory-motor reflexes was observed. Locomotor activity tested in the open field by head rearings, crossed squares, and rearings of hHCY pups at all studied ages (P8, P16, and P26) was diminished. Exploratory activity was decreased, and emotionality was higher in rats with hHCY. Prenatal hHCY resulted in reduced muscle strength and motor coordination assessed by the paw grip endurance test and rotarod test. Remarkably, administration of NaHS to pregnant rats with hHCY prevented the observed deleterious effects of high homocysteine on fetus development. In rats with prenatal hHCY, the endogenous generation of H2S brain tissues was lower compared to control and NaHS administration restored the H2S level to control values. Moreover, using redox signaling assays, we found an increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation, and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissues of rats of the hHCY group. Notably, NaHS treatment restored the level of MDA and the activity of SOD and GPx. Our data suggest that H2S has neuroprotective/antioxidant effects against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity providing a potential strategy for the prevention of developmental impairments in newborns.

The importance of formation and development of creativity of primary school students is recognized by specialists in pedagogy and psychology. At the same time, one of the topical problems is the increase in the number of children with special educational needs. The purpose of the study is to regard the function of the aesthetic and imaginative perception of the world as a constituent of creative competence of primary school students in the context of a potential growth point for a child with specific learning disabilities. The subject of the study is the dynamics of indicators of creative competence (creative imagination, in particular) demonstrated by children as a result of mastering an integrated set of activities aimed to develop creative thinking in primary school students to be able to solve tasks, as well as to form creative competence, to improve self-expression and self-regulation through the use of tools of creative activities and to introduce children to works of culture and art in the conditions of inclusive education. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, the creative imagination of children participating in the experiment was evaluated according to the methodologies of Dyachenko O. ("Drawing figures") and Kravtsova E. ("Where is its place?"). The general tendency, which is true for the results of the ascertaining experiment with the application of both methods, is the absence of children with a high level of imagination development in the group studied. Integrated lessons aimed to the formation and development of creative imagination in children with developmental delay were carried out for a year and a half, in inclusive groups. In the course of the complex work, the elements of art therapy, logopedic rhythm, psycho-gymnastics, fairy-tale therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy were used, the means of theatricalization and dramatization were actively applied. According to the results of the ascertaining experiment, it is revealed that the subjects have the ability to overcome the stereotypes formed on the basis of the accumulated experience, which is one of the elements that determine the success of creative activity. As a result of the study, it was discovered that creative imagination regarded as a component of the creative competence of primary school students could be stimulated and improved with the help of a psychological-pedagogical influence during the application of the methodology of integrated lessons of the aesthetic course.