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1. Overview of Large Helical Device experiments of basic plasma physics for solving crucial issues in reaching burning plasma conditions

Author

K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, N. Kenmochi, F. Nespoli, R.M. Magee, F. Warmer, A. Dinklage, A. Matsuyama, R. Sakamoto, T. Nasu, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, N. Tamura, K. Nagaoka, M. Nishiura, Y. Takemura, K. Ogawa, G. Motojima, T. Oishi, Y. Morishita, J. Varela, W.H.J. Hayashi, M. Markl, H. Bouvain, Y. Liang, M. Leconte, D. Moseev, V.E. Moiseenko, C.G. Albert, I. Allfrey, A. Alonso, F.J. Arellano, N. Ashikawa, A. Azegami, L. Bardoczi, M. van Berkel, M. Beurskens, M.W. Binderbaue, A. Bortolon, S. Brezinsek, R. Bussiahn, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, I.C. Chan, J. Cheng, X. Dai, D.J. Den Hartog, C.P. Dhard, F. Ding, A. Ejiri, S. Ertmer, T. Fornal, K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, H. Funaba, L. Garcia, J.M. Garcia-Regana, I. Garcia-Cortés, I.E. Garkusha, D.A. Gates, Y. Ghai, E.P. Gilson, H. Gota, M. Goto, E.M. Green, V. Haak, S. Hamaguchi, K. Hanada, H. Hara, D. Hartmann, Y. Hayashi, T. Henning, C. Hidalgo, J. Hillairet, R. Hutton, T. Ido, H. Igami, K. Ikeda, S. Inagaki, A. Ishizawa, S. Ito, M. Isobe, Y. Isobe, M. Ivkovic, Z. Jiang, J. Jo, S. Kamio, H. Kasahara, D. Kato, Y. Katoh, Y. Kawachi, Y. Kawamoto, G. Kawamura, T. Kawate, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Klumper, A. Knieps, W.H. Ko, S. Kobayashi, F. Koike, Yu.V. Kovtun, M. Kubkowska, S. Kubo, S.S.H. Lam, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, S. Lazerson, J. Lestz, B. Li, L. Liao, Z. Lin, R. Lunsford, S. Masuzaki, H. Matsuura, K.J. McCarthy, D. Medina-Roque, O. Mitarai, A. Mollen, C. Moon, Y. Mori, T. Morisaki, S. Morita, K. Mukai, I. Murakami, S. Murakami, T. Murase, C.M. Muscatello, K. Nagasaki, D. Naujoks, H. Nakano, M. Nakata, Y. Narushima, A. Nagy, J.H. Nicolau, T. Nishizawa, S. Nishimoto, H. Nuga, M. Nunami, R. Ochoukov, S. Ohdachi, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, N.A. Pablant, N. Panadero, B. Peterson, J. de la Riva Villén, J. Romazanov, J. Rosato, M. Rud, S. Sakakibara, H.A. Sakaue, H. Sakai, I. Sakon, M. Salewski, S. Sangaroon, S. Sereda, T. Stange, K. Saito, S. Satake, R. Seki, T. Seki, S. Sharapov, A. Shimizu, T. Shimozuma, G. Shivam, M. Shoji, D.A. Spong, H. Sugama, Z. Sun, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Tajima, E. Takada, H. Takahashi, K. Toi, Y. Tsuchibushi, N. Tsujii, K. Tsumori, T.I. Tsujimurai, G. Ueno, H. Uehara, J.L. Velasco, E. Wang, K.Y. Watanabe, T. Wauter, U. Wenzel, M. Yajima, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, K. Yanagihara, H. Yamaguchi, R. Yanai, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimura, M. Zarnstorff, M. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong, Q. Zhou, S. Ziaei, LHD Experiment Group, and the W7-X Team

Subjects
Large Helical Device, basic plasma physics, burning plasma, wave–particle interaction, ion mixing, turbulence spreading, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high- k ) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix.

Published
2024
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2. Electron cyclotron current start-up using a retarding electric field in the QUEST spherical tokamak

Author

T. Onchi, H. Idei, K. Hanada, O. Watanabe, R. Miyata, Y. Zhang, Y. Koide, Y. Otsuka, T. Yamaguchi, A. Higashijima, T. Nagata, I. Sekiya, S. Shimabukuro, I. Niiya, K. Kono, F. Zennifa, K. Nakamura, R. Ikezoe, M. Hasegawa, K. Kuroda, Y. Nagashima, T. Ido, T. Kariya, A. Ejiri, S. Murakami, A. Fukuyama, and Y. Kosuga

Subjects
spherical tokamak, electron cyclotron heating, plasma current start-up, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The plasma current start-up experiment is conducted through electron cyclotron (EC) heating in the QUEST spherical tokamak. During the EC heating, the application of a toroidal electric field in the opposite direction to the plasma current effectively inhibits the growth of energetic electrons. Observations show rapid increases in plasma current and hard x-ray count immediately following the cancellation of the retarding electric field. When a compact tokamak configuration maintains equilibrium on the high field side, along with the retarding field, it leads to effective bulk electron heating. This heating achieved an electron temperature of T _e ≈ 1 keV at electron density n _e > 1.0 × 10 ^18 m ^−3 . Ray tracing of the EC wave verifies that more power absorption into plasma through a single-pass occurs around the second resonance layer with higher values of electron density and temperature.

Published
2024
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3. Hydrogen isotope effect on self-organized electron internal transport barrier criticality and role of radial electric field in toroidal plasmas

Author

T. Kobayashi, A. Shimizu, M. Nishiura, T. Ido, S. Satake, T. Tokuzawa, T. Ii Tsujimura, K. Nagaoka, and K. Ida

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Self-organized structure formation in magnetically confined plasmas is one of the most attractive subjects in modern experimental physics. Nonequilibrium media are known to often exhibit phenomena that cannot be predicted by superposition of linear theories. One representative example of such phenomena is the hydrogen isotope effect in fusion plasmas, where the larger the mass of the hydrogen isotope fuel is the better the plasma confinement becomes, contrary to what simple scaling models anticipate. In this article, threshold condition of a plasma structure formation is shown to have a strong hydrogen isotope effect. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this isotope effect, the electrostatic potential is directly measured by a heavy ion beam probe. It is elucidated that the core electrostatic potential transition occurs with less input power normalized by plasma density in plasmas with larger isotope mass across the structure formation. This observation is suggestive of the isotope effect in the radial electric field structure formation.

Published
2022
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4. Demonstration of transient CHI startup using a floating biased electrode configuration

Author

K. Kuroda, R. Raman, T. Onchi, M. Hasegawa, K. Hanada, M. Ono, B.A. Nelson, J. Rogers, R. Ikezoe, H. Idei, T. Ido, M. Nagata, O. Mitarai, N. Nishino, Y. Otsuka, Y. Zhang, K. Kono, S. Kawasaki, T. Nagata, A. Higashijima, S. Shimabukuro, I. Niiya, I. Sekiya, K. Nakamura, Y. Takase, A. Ejiri, and S. Murakami

Subjects
coaxial helicity injection, solenoid-free current drive, spherical tokamak, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Results from the successful solenoid-free plasma startup using the method of transient coaxial helicity injection (transient CHI) in the QUEST spherical tokamak (ST) are reported. Unlike previous applications of CHI on HIT-II and on NSTX which required two toroidal insulating breaks to the vacuum vessel, QUEST uses a first of its kind, floating single biased electrode configuration, which does not use such a vacuum break. Instead, the CHI electrode is simply insulated from the outer lower divertor plate support structure. This configuration is much more suitable for implementation in a fusion reactor than the previous configurations. Transient CHI generated toroidal currents of 135 kA were obtained. The toroidal current during the formation of a closed flux configuration was over 50 kA. These results bode well for the application of transient CHI in a new generation of compact high-field STs and tokamaks in which the space for the central solenoid is very restricted.

Published
2023
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5. Spectroscopic measurement of increases in hydrogen molecular rotational temperature with plasma-facing surface temperature and due to collisional-radiative processes in tokamaks

Author

N. Yoneda, T. Shikama, F. Scotti, K. Hanada, H. Iguchi, H. Idei, T. Onchi, A. Ejiri, T. Ido, K. Kono, Y. Peng, Y. Osawa, G. Yatomi, A. Kidani, M. Kudo, R. Hiraka, K. Takeda, R.E. Bell, A. Maan, D.P. Boyle, R. Majeski, V.A. Soukhanovskii, M. Groth, A.G. McLean, R.S. Wilcox, C. Lasnier, K. Nakamura, Y. Nagashima, R. Ikezoe, M. Hasegawa, K. Kuroda, A. Higashijima, T. Nagata, S. Shimabukuro, I. Niiya, I. Sekiya, and M. Hasuo

Subjects
emission spectroscopy, hydrogen molecule, rotational temperature, plasma–surface interaction, QUEST, LTX-β, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Spatially resolved rotational temperature of ground state hydrogen molecules desorbed from plasma-facing surface was measured in QUEST, LTX-β, and DIII-D tokamaks, and the increases of the rotational temperature with the surface temperature and due to collisional-radiative processes in the plasmas were evaluated. The increase due to collisional-radiative processes was calculated by solving rate equations considering electron and proton collisional excitation and deexcitation and spontaneous emission. The calculation results suggest a high sensitivity for the rotational temperature to electron and proton densities, but a negligible sensitivity to the electron, proton, and surface temperatures. In the three tokamaks with different plasma parameters and plasma-facing surface materials, the spatial profile of the rotational temperature was estimated using Fulcher-α emission lines (600–608 nm). In QUEST, the spatial profile of the rotational temperature was estimated from spatially resolved spectra. In the other tokamaks, the rotational temperature was evaluated assuming a single point emission with a location determined from the Fulcher-α emission profile as measured with a filtered camera. In metal-walled devices QUEST and LTX-β, the rotational temperature increased with the surface temperature, and the calculated collisional-radiative increase is consistent with measured increase assuming that the rotational temperature at the surface is approximately 500–600 K higher than the surface temperature. In DIII-D with carbon walls, a larger collisional-radiative increase than the other tokamaks was observed because of the higher density leading to a large difference from the calculated increase compared to the other smaller tokamaks. Measurement of the Fulcher-α emission profile with higher spatial resolution in DIII-D may reduce the difference and reveal the effect of the surface temperature on the rotational temperature. These results show the increases in the rotational temperature with the surface temperature and due to the collisional-radiative processes.

Published
2023
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6. Investigation of radial distribution of atomic hydrogen flux to the plasma facing components in steady state discharges in QUEST tokamak

Author

A. Kuzmin, M. Kobayashi, K. Hanada, H. Idei, T. Onchi, S. Mori, N. Yoneda, T. Shikama, M. Hasuo, T. Ido, Y. Nagashima, R. Ikezoe, M. Hasegawa, K. Kuroda, K. Kono, S. Matsuo, T. Nagata, S. Shimabukuro, A. Higashijima, I. Niiya, and H. Zushi

Subjects
Hydrogen, Atomic hydrogen, Steady state tokamak operation, PdCu, Permeation, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

To study radial distribution of hydrogen flux in peripheral plasma in long duration tokamak discharges, permeation and Langmuir reciprocate probes are used. The atomic hydrogen flux to the walls at several radial positions is deduced from the permeation flux. Contribution of the ions to the hydrogen flow is deduced from the Langmuir probe ion saturation current. It is found, that the atomic hydrogen has the most contribution to the hydrogen flow behind the plasma facing components (PFCs), while the ion flux there is negligible. The atomic flux behind the PFCs drops to the value of F~4.3×1015H/m2/s, which is ~6 % of that just in front of PFCs, F~7.7×1016H/m2/s.

Published
2021
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7. Toroidal flow measurements of impurity ions in QUEST ECH plasmas using multiple viewing chords emission spectroscopy

Author

N. Yoneda, T. Shikama, K. Hanada, S. Mori, T. Onchi, K. Kuroda, M. Hasuo, A. Ejiri, K. Matsuzaki, Y. Osawa, Y. Peng, Y. Kawamata, S. Sakamoto, H. Idei, T. Ido, K. Nakamura, Y. Nagashima, R. Ikezoe, M. Hasegawa, A. Higashijima, T. Nagata, and S. Shimabukuro

Subjects
Spherical tokamak, ECH, Magnetic configuration, Toroidal flow, Emission spectroscopy, Inversion, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

A spectroscopic system with multiple viewing chords was developed for QUEST (Q-shu University Experiment with Steady-State Spherical Tokamak) to measure the spatial distribution of ion toroidal velocities in discharges sustained by electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH). Twenty-four viewing chords were aligned in the midplane and C III emission line spectra were measured for three types of ECH discharge under different magnetic field configurations. By applying an inversion method to the measured spectra, we evaluated the radial distributions of C2+ ion emissivity, temperature, and toroidal velocity. The error in the evaluated velocity was estimated to be less than 5 km/s. It was found that the velocity depends on the magnetic field configuration.

Published
2021
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8. Core plasma confinement during detachment transition with RMP application in LHD

Author

M. Kobayashi, S. Masuzaki, K. Tanaka, T. Tokuzawa, M. Yokoyama, Y. Narushima, I. Yamada, T. Ido, and R. Seki

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The core plasma confinement during detachment phase is investigated in the discharges with application of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field in LHD. The RMP application creates a remnant magnetic island in the edge stochastic layer, which largely changes the plasma parameter profiles including impurity radiation. The electron temperature and pressure profiles are flattened at the island, while the electron density is slightly peaked at the edge of the island. The estimated impurity radiation profile is enhanced and fixed around the magnetic island during the detached phase, where the discharge is stably sustained with controlled level of radiation. Without RMP, the radiation penetrates the confinement region, leading to radiation collapse. It is found that in the case of the RMP application the plasma stored energy increases discontinuously at the detachment transition. In spite of the reduced effective plasma volume caused by the edge magnetic island and by the enhanced radiation there, the central plasma pressure finally exceeds the case without RMP. This is caused by the pressure profile peaking at the central region in the case with RMP. These results indicate clear change of core plasma confinement during the detached phase with RMP.

Published
2018
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9. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. 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Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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10. PET Study in a Patient with Spinocerebellar Degeneration before and after Long-Term Administration of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

Author

H. Tanji, H. Nagasawa, T. Hayashi, H. Onodera, T. Fujiwara, M. Itoh, T. Ido, and Y. Itoyama

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

We studied the chronic effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in a patient with spinocerebellar degeneration by measuring cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRG1c) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). A 56-year-old female, who had suffered from progressive ataxia for 2 years, was treated by intravenous administration of 2 mg TRH for 3 weeks, and CMRG1c of the brain was measured before and after treatment. CMRG1c was markedly decreased in the cerebellum and there was no significant difference before and after the treatment, i.e. mean CMRG1c values were 4.92 and 4.90 mg/100 g/min, and the ratios of the cerebellum versus the frontal cortex were 0.50 and 0.51, respectively. The degree of disequilibrium of her body examined with stabilography became better by the 19th day and further improved by the 26th day after the start of TRH treatment. Based on the present study we conclude that long-term administration of TRH did not improve CMRG1c in the cerebellum, but evidently improved the sway of gravity center by stabilography. We speculate that the chronic effect of TRH was not necessarily due to an improvement of cerebellar function, because TRH receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system.

Published
1996
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11. A Case of Corticobasal Degeneration Studied with Positron Emission Tomography

Author

H. Nagasawa, T. Imamura, H. Nomura, M. Itoh, and T. Ido

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

We measured cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, glucose utilization, and dopamine metabolism in the brain of a patient with corticobasal degeneration using positron emission tomography (PET). The clinical picture is distinctive, comprising features referable to both cortical and basal ganglionic dysfunction. Brain imagings of glucose and dopamine metabolism can demonstrate greater abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and in the striatum contralateral to the more affected side than those of blood flow and oxygen metabolism. This unique combination study measuring both cerebral glucose utilization and dopamine metabolism in the nigrostriatal system can provide efficient information about the dysfunctions which are correlated with individual clinical symptoms, and this study is essential to diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration.

Published
1993
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12. NOVOS ALIMENTOS PROTEICOS

Author

I. de J. Mussato, E. C. Forster, E. T. Kawabe, T. Linguitte, S. R. Ribeiro, T. Zukeran, M.J. Franco, M.A. Callado, R. M. Valente, W. Cortina, B.T. Tupy, A. Matsumoto, and T. Ido

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Nursing, RT1-120, Mental healing, RZ400-408, Education (General), L7-991
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15. 3D metal powder additive manufacturing phased array antenna for multichannel Doppler reflectometer

Author

T. Tokuzawa, T. Nasu, S. Inagaki, C. Moon, T. Ido, H. Idei, A. Ejiri, R. Imazawa, M. Yoshida, N. Oyama, K. Tanaka, and K. Ida

Subjects
Instrumentation
Abstract

Measuring the time variation of the wavenumber spectrum of turbulence is important for understanding the characteristics of high-temperature plasmas, and the application of a Doppler reflectometer with simultaneous multi-frequency sources is expected. To implement this diagnostic in future fusion devices, the use of a phased array antenna (PAA) that can scan microwave beams without moving antennas is recommended. Since the frequency-scanning waveguide leaky-wave antenna-type PAA has a complex structure, we have investigated its characteristics by modeling it with 3D metal powder additive manufacturing (AM). First, a single waveguide is fabricated to understand the characteristics of 3D AM techniques, and it is clear that there are differences in performance depending on the direction of manufacture and surface treatment. Then, a PAA is made, and it is confirmed that the beam can be emitted in any direction by frequency scanning. The plasma flow velocity can be measured by applying the 3D manufacturing PAA to plasma measurement.

Published
2022
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16. Behavior of geodesic acoustic mode and limit-cycle oscillation approaching L-H transition in JFT-2M tokamak

Author

T Kobayashi, M Sasaki, T Ido, K Kamiya, Y Miura, K Ida, and K Itoh

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, turbulence, limit-cycle oscillation, geodesic acoustic mode, Condensed Matter Physics, L-H transition
Abstract

In this paper, a phenomenology of competing behavior between the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) and the limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) is presented. Before the LCO occurs, the GAM can grow to the observable amplitude via the turbulent Reynolds stress force. Approaching the L-H transition, the LCO is excited and the GAM decays. In the LCO phase, the GAM driving force is possibly suppressed by the nonlocal turbulence amplitude modulation by the LCO.

Published
2022
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17. Conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe diagnostic for HL-2M tokamak

Author

Lin Nie, Wandong Liu, Jiquan Li, L.J. Cai, H.R. Fan, Zhe Liu, Chu Zhou, J.X. Li, A. D. Liu, Min Xu, Ge Zhuang, L.T. Gao, and T. Ido

Subjects
Electron density, Tokamak, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Attenuation, Plasma, Magnetic field, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Ionization, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Beam (structure), Civil and Structural Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

The conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) for HL-2M tokamak has been proposed to measure the plasma potential, electron density and their fluctuations to contribute to the understanding of advanced confinement modes and transport. Beam trajectory calculations are performed under 3D magnetic field and engineering conditions of the facility. By choosing the positions and angles of both primary and secondary beamlines, a wide region of observation area ( 0.1 r / a 0.9 ) is achieved with 2 MeV Tl + beam injection. The active trajectory control technique is used to obtain the poloidal sweep angle between − 10 ∘ and 10 ∘ . Then, the applied voltages of sweep plates are evaluated to be up to 25 kV. By integrating ionization and attenuation along beam paths, the detected signal level distribution in the plasma density condition n 0 = 5 × 10 19 m − 3 is higher than 100 nA with 100 μ A injection beam intensity in most of the plasma region, which ensures an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio for measurements.

Published
2021
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18. Energy confinement of hydrogen and deuterium electron-root plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Author

Motoki Nakata, Felix Warmer, Ichihiro Yamada, Y. Yoshimura, A. Shimizu, Hiroshi Yamada, Masaki Osakabe, Shin Kubo, T. Ido, Takashi Shimozuma, T. Morisaki, T. Tokuzawa, Ryosuke Seki, H. Funaba, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Hiroe Igami, Ryo Yasuhara, Toru Ii Tsujimura, C. D. Beidler, Mikiro Yoshinuma, B.J. Peterson, M. Yokoyama, Katsumi Ida, K. A. Tanaka, Shinji Yoshimura, Haruki Takahashi, and LHD Experiment Group

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Large Helical Device, Deuterium, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Published
2018

19. RESEARCH-ARTILE Agricultural performance and genetic parameters for yield-related traits of sugar- and energy cane families derived from planned crosses

Author

A R Fernandes, Júnior, A A C, de Azeredo, R A, de Oliveira, J C Bespalhok, Filho, O T, Ido, E, Daros, and B P, Brasileiro

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Plant Breeding, Sucrose, Polymorphism, Genetic, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Hybridization, Genetic, Saccharum, Selective Breeding
Abstract

The forecast of a growing energy demand in the coming years has aroused particular interest in biomass for energy cogeneration, to diversify the energy matrix by using clean and renewable sources. To meet the new demands of the sugarcane industry, this study evaluated the agronomic performance and estimated genetic parameters for yield traits in sugar- and energy cane families derived from planned crosses. The cane families were assessed in the northwest of the State of Paraná, county of Paranavaí, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The evaluations were carried out 12 months after the first cut, in the ratoon cane cycle, in December 2014, under very unfavorable conditions for the crop, due to the low fertility and water-holding capacity of the soil. Besides, the crop was evaluated at the end of the harvest, when the agricultural and industrial quality of the crop is reduced. The following traits were evaluated at the plot level: soluble solids content, apparent sucrose content (PC), fiber content, tons of cane per hectare, tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH), and tons of fiber per hectare (TFH). High genetic variability was observed for all evaluated traits, with accuracy estimates from 0.69 (TSH) to 0.92 (PC), and high heritability ​​(up to 0.84), indicating the possibility of genetic progress. The sugarcane families derived from crosses of Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum robustum species with sugarcane hybrids had the highest fiber contents. Highest sugar contents were found in sugarcane families resulting from crosses of sugarcane clones and conventional cultivars. The TSH means were highest in the families F160 x MEX68-200 and RB855156 x RB987935. The highest genotypic mean for TFH was observed in the special polycross involving cultivar RB036066 with S. spontaneum accessions as pollen donors.

Published
2017

20. P5826Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is involved in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy

Author

T. Ido, Tatsuya Sawamura, Akemi Kakino, Toshiki Tanaka, Takuma Aoyama, T. Shiraki, C. Yokoyama, and Shinya Minatoguchi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiomyopathy, medicine.disease, Pathogenesis, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Cancer research, Medicine, Doxorubicin, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Receptor, Oxidized ldl, medicine.drug
Published
2017
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21. Experimental Identification of Electric Field Excitation Mechanisms in a Structural Transition of Tokamak Plasmas

Author

Yoshihiko Nagashima, Shigeru Inagaki, Kazuo Hoshino, S.-I. Itoh, Akihide Fujisawa, Katsumi Ida, T. Kobayashi, T. Ido, Kensaku Kamiya, Kimitaka Itoh, and Y. Miura

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Tokamak, Toroid, Plasma, Fusion power, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, law.invention, High-confinement mode, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Time derivative, 010306 general physics, Excitation
Abstract

Self-regulation between structure and turbulence, which is a fundamental process in the complex system, has been widely regarded as one of the central issues in modern physics. A typical example of that in magnetically confined plasmas is the Low confinement mode to High confinement mode (L-H) transition, which is intensely studied for more than thirty years since it provides a confinement improvement necessary for the realization of the fusion reactor. An essential issue in the L-H transition physics is the mechanism of the abrupt “radial” electric field generation in toroidal plasmas. To date, several models for the L-H transition have been proposed but the systematic experimental validation is still challenging. Here we report the systematic and quantitative model validations of the radial electric field excitation mechanism for the first time, using a data set of the turbulence and the radial electric field having a high spatiotemporal resolution. Examining time derivative of Poisson’s equation, the sum of the loss-cone loss current and the neoclassical bulk viscosity current is found to behave as the experimentally observed radial current that excites the radial electric field within a few factors of magnitude.

Published
2016
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22. Turbulence and transport characteristics of a barrier in a toroidal plasma

Author

Patrick Diamond, S. Okamura, Mitsutaka Isobe, K. Nagaoka, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Chihiro Suzuki, S.-I. Itoh, K. Matsuoka, K. Toi, S. Ohsima, T. Minami, Haruhisa Nakano, Akihiro Shimizu, Kimitaka Itoh, Yasuo Yoshimura, T. Ido, Yoshihiko Nagashima, C. Takahashi, Katsumi Ida, S. Nishimura, Akihide Fujisawa, Mamoru Kojima, and H. Iguchi

Subjects
Physics, Toroid, Turbulence, K-epsilon turbulence model, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Intermittency, Dispersion relation, Physics::Space Physics, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract

Turbulence and zonal flow at a transport barrier are studied with twin heavy ion beam probes in a toroidal helical plasma. A wavelet analysis is used to extract turbulence properties, e.g. spectra of both density and potential fluctuations, the coherence and the phase between them and the dispersion relation. Particle transport estimated from the fundamental characteristics is found to clearly rise with their intermittent activities after the barrier is broken down. Time-dependent analysis reveals that the intermittency of turbulence is correlated with the evolution of the stationary zonal flow.

Published
2006
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23. LHD diagnostics toward steady-state operation

Author

Suguru Masuzaki, Y. Nagayama, S. Mutoh, Hideya Nakanishi, M. Emoto, Y. Hamada, K. Narihara, H. Iguchi, Kazuo Sato, K. Toi, Kazuo Kawahata, Tomohiro Morisaki, T. Ozaki, Satoru Sakakibara, B.J. Peterson, T. Tokuzawa, Mamoru Shoji, Katsumi Ida, Masaki Osakabe, Motoshi Goto, N. Ashikawa, T. Ido, A. Nishizawa, T. Minami, Satoshi Ohdachi, K. A. Tanaka, S. Morita, S. Sudo, Mikiro Yoshinuma, Shigeru Inagaki, and I. Yamada

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Thermonuclear fusion, Materials science, Divertor, Nuclear engineering, Magnetic confinement fusion, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Large Helical Device, law, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Neutral particle
Abstract

The large helical device (LHD) is the world largest helical system having all superconducting coils. After completion of LHD in 1998, six experimental campaigns have been carried out successfully. The maximum stored energy, central electron temperature, and volume averaged beta value are 1.16 MJ, 10 keV, and 3.2%, respectively. The confinement time of the LHD plasma appears to be equivalent to that of tokamaks. One of the most important missions for LHD is to prove steady-state operation, which is also significant to international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and to future fusion reactors. LHD is quite appropriate for this purpose based upon the beneficial feature of a helical system, that is, no necessity of the plasma current. So far, the plasma discharge duration was achieved up to 150 s. The plasma density was kept constant by feedback control of gas puffing with real time information of the line density. The issue for demonstrating steady-state operation is whether divertor function to control particle and heat flux is effective enough. Relevant to this, LHD diagnostics should be consistent with the following: 1) continuous operation of main diagnostics during long-pulse operation for feedback control and physics understanding; 2) measurement of fraction of H, He, and impurities in the plasma; 3) heat removal and measure against possible damage or surface erosion of diagnostic components inside of the vacuum chamber; 4) data acquisition system for handling real time data display and a huge amount of data. Although there are already some achievements on the above subjects, there remain still several issues to be resolved. On the other hand, the long-pulse operation of the plasma gives benefits to the diagnostics. For example, the polarizing angle of ECE emission can be changed during the discharge, and the intensity dependence on the polarizing angle has been obtained. The spatial scanning of the neutral particle analyzer and the spectrometer can supply the spatial profiles of the fast neutral particle flux and the specific impurity lines. In this paper, the present status of these issues and future plans are described.

Published
2004

24. Postprocessing algorithm for particle-tracking velocimetry based on ellipsoidal equations

Author

Yuichi Murai, T. Ido, and Fujio Yamamoto

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Differential equation, Computer science, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Velocimetry, Vorticity, Vortex, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Continuity equation, Flow (mathematics), Mechanics of Materials, Particle tracking velocimetry, Boundary value problem, Algorithm, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

Accurate postprocessing methods are required in order to analyze the detailed flow structures from the scattered data of particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV). In particular, vorticity distributions and stream functions are not reasonably obtained by conventional methods. This paper proposes a new postprocessing algorithm based on ellipsoidal differential equations; this method utilizes data as discrete boundary conditions. The results obtained by the proposed algorithm fully satisfy the equation of continuity and simultaneously correspond well with the raw data. The performance of the algorithm is examined by applying it to two-dimensional vortex flows and isotropic turbulent flows. The results reveal that the present algorithm has the highest accuracy among several conventional methods for detecting vorticity and streamlines.

Published
2002
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25. The 7th Asia-Pacific Transport Working Group (APTWG) meeting

Author

K. Ida, D.F. Kong, T. Fujita, T. Ido, W.H. Ko, and S. Maeyama

Subjects
Plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, MHD, transport, turbulence, blob, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

This conference report summarizes the contributions to, and discussions at, the 7th Asia-Pacific Transport Working Group Meeting held at Nagoya University, Japan, during 5–8 June 2017. The topics of the meeting were organized under four main headings: (1) turbulence and blob at the boundary of magnetic topology, (2) model reduction and experiments for validation, (3) mode competition in turbulence and MHD driven by energetic particle, (4) mechanism determining plasma flows and their impact on transport and MHD. The Young Researchers Forum which was held in this meeting is also described in this report.

Published
2017
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26. A case of corticobasal degeneration studied with positron emission tomography

Author

H, Nagasawa, T, Imamura, H, Nomura, M, Itoh, and T, Ido

Abstract

We measured cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, glucose utilization, and dopamine metabolism in the brain of a patient with corticobasal degeneration using positron emission tomography (PET). The clinical picture is distinctive, comprising features referable to both cortical and basal ganglionic dysfunction. Brain imagings of glucose and dopamine metabolism can demonstrate greater abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and in the striatum contralateral to the more affected side than those of blood flow and oxygen metabolism. This unique combination study measuring both cerebral glucose utilization and dopamine metabolism in the nigrostriatal system can provide efficient information about the dysfunctions which are correlated with individual clinical symptoms, and this study is essential to diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration.

Published
2014

27. PET study in a patient with spinocerebellar degeneration before and after long-term administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone

Author

H, Tanji, H, Nagasawa, T, Hayashi, H, Onodera, T, Fujiwara, M, Itoh, T, Ido, and Y, Itoyama

Abstract

We studied the chronic effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in a patient with spinocerebellar degeneration by measuring cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRG1c) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). A 56-year-old female, who had suffered from progressive ataxia for 2 years, was treated by intravenous administration of 2 mg TRH for 3 weeks, and CMRG1c of the brain was measured before and after treatment. CMRG1c was markedly decreased in the cerebellum and there was no significant difference before and after the treatment, i.e. mean CMRG1c values were 4.92 and 4.90 mg/100 g/min, and the ratios of the cerebellum versus the frontal cortex were 0.50 and 0.51, respectively. The degree of disequilibrium of her body examined with stabilography became better by the 19th day and further improved by the 26th day after the start of TRH treatment. Based on the present study we conclude that long-term administration of TRH did not improve CMRG1c in the cerebellum, but evidently improved the sway of gravity center by stabilography. We speculate that the chronic effect of TRH was not necessarily due to an improvement of cerebellar function, because TRH receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system.

Published
2014

28. Steady State Test at High RF Voltage on Transmission System for Ion Cyclotron Heating

Author

Ryuhei Kumazawa, Yangping Zhao, Jean-Marie Noterdaeme, Fujio Shinpo, Takashi Mutoh, Tetsuo Seki, T. Ido, Gorou Nomura, and Tetsuo Watari

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Loop antenna, RF power amplifier, Cyclotron, Pulse duration, Tuner, law.invention, Stub (electronics), Large Helical Device, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Optoelectronics, business, Voltage
Abstract

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) heating on Large Helical Device (LHD) is characterized by its high power (up to 12MW) and by steady state operation (30 minutes). The LHD is a helical device (with a major radius of 3.9 m and a minor radius of 0.6m) with super-conducting coil windings (l=2, m=10). The main physical purpose is to investigate currentless and disruption-free steady state plasmas. Research and development for ICRF heating have been carried out in recent years. A high RF power transmission system has been developed, which consists of stub tuners, ceramic feed-through and ICRF heating loop antenna. The RF transmission system was tested and withstood 58kV for 10 seconds and 40kV for 30 minutes. The RF voltage corresponds in the case of a plasma loading resistance, 5Ω to a transmitted RF power capability of 3.4MW and 1.6MW. In addition, a pre-matching stub tuner was very effective in reducing the RF voltage. The reduction rate was confirmed to be one third, which leads to a higher ICRF injection efficiency because of reduction of RF power loss in the transmission system. Furthermore a proper procedure to effectively carry out aging of the RF antenna was found in terms of selecting the RF pulse length, repetition rate and RF voltage.

Published
1999
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29. Rapid evaluation of time scale using an optical clock

Author

Yuko Hanado, Fumimaru Nakagawa, H Hachisu, and T Ido

Subjects
History, Engineering, business.industry, Continuous operation, 02 engineering and technology, Hydrogen maser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Optical frequencies, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Electronic engineering, Optical clock, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Simulation
Abstract

Feasibility of steering a time scale using an optical clock is investigated. Since the high stability of optical frequency standards enables rapid evaluation of the scale interval, the requirement for the continuous operation is mitigated. Numerical simulations with the input of real calibration data by a 87Sr lattice clock indicated that the calibrations once in two weeks maintain the time scale within 5 ns level using a currently available hydrogen maser at NICT. "Optical" steering of a time scale by the intermittent calibrations frees an optical frequency standard from being dedicated to the steering, enabling other applications using the same apparatus.

Published
2016
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30. Progress of ECRH by EBW in over-dense plasmas and controlling the confinement regime by ECCD with high power launching in LHD

Author

Shinya Ogasawara, Yasuo Yoshimura, Naoki Tamura, Katsumi Ida, T. Ido, Hiroshi Idei, Shigeru Inagaki, Satoshi Ohdachi, A. Shimizu, Takashi Shimozuma, Hiromi Takahashi, Masaki Nishiura, Ryohei Makino, Takashi Mutoh, Mikiro Yoshinuma, Hiroe Igami, and Shin Kubo

Subjects
Physics, Rational surface, QC1-999, Cyclotron, Plasma, Electron, Electron cyclotron resonance, Flattening, law.invention, Large Helical Device, law, Electron temperature, Statistical physics, Atomic physics
Abstract

In the large helical device (LHD), fundamental electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) by the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) excited via the ordinary-extraordinary–EBW (O-X-B) mode conversion process was performed with high power (~1MW) launching. Profiles of increase of the electron temperature ( T e ) and the soft X-ray signals during the power injection suggest power absorption in the core region. Effects of the local modification of the rotational transform l / 2π (= 1 / q ) by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) on the formation and sustainment of the electron internal transport barrier (e-ITB) was investigated for the first time. Co ECCD raised l / 2π close to 0.5 in the core region and caused the flattening of the T e profile. Additional ECRH power is required to form the e-ITB. On the contrary, counter (cntr.) ECCD separates l / 2π from 0.5 in the core region and avoids the flattening of the T e profile. The e-ITB can be formed and sustained without additional ECRH. Analysis of the heat pulse transport with use of the modulation ECRH (MECH) shows the good confinement region extends to the l / 2π =0.5 rational surface in the case of cntr. ECCD.

Published
2012

31. Observation of Reversed-Shear Alfv?n Eigenmodes Excited by Energetic Ions in a Helical Plasma

Author

K., Toi, F., Watanabe, T., Tokuzawa, K., Ida, S., Morita, T., Ido, A., Shimizu, M., Isobe, K., Ogawa, D. A., Spong, Y., Todo, T., Watari, S., Ohdachi, S., Sakakibara, S., Yamamoto, S., Inagaki, K., Narihara, M., Osakabe, K., Nagaoka, Y., Narushima, K.Y, Watanabe, H., Funaba, M., Goto, K., Ikeda, T., Ito, O., Kaneko, S., Kubo, S., Murakami, T., Minami, J., Miyazawa, Y., Nagayama, M., Nishiura, Y., Oka, R., Sakamoto, T., Shimozuma, Y., Takeiri, K., Tanaka, K., Tsumori, I., Yamada, M., Yoshinuma, K., Kawahata, A., Komori, and Experiment Group, LHD

Subjects
Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Plasma, Curvature, law.invention, Ion, Shear (sheet metal), Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Stellarator, Pressure gradient
Abstract

Reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes were observed for the first time in a helical plasma having negative q{sub 0}{sup ''} (the curvature of the safety factor q at the zero shear layer). The frequency is swept downward and upward sequentially via the time variation in the maximum of q. The eigenmodes calculated by ideal MHD theory are consistent with the experimental data. The frequency sweeping is mainly determined by the effects of energetic ions and the bulk pressure gradient. Coupling of reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes with energetic ion driven geodesic acoustic modes generates a multitude of frequency-sweeping modes.

Published
2010
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32. Experimental progress on zonal flow physics in toroidal plasmas

Author

Katsumichi Hoshino, Yoshihiko Nagashima, Y. Miura, Akihide Fujisawa, K. Matsuoka, George McKee, Deepak Gupta, Kimitaka Itoh, Akihiro Shimizu, P. M. Schoch, L.G. Eliseev, Jiaqi Dong, T. Ido, H. Iguchi, Ulrich Stroth, C. Hidalgo, S. Okamura, K.J. Zhao, S.V. Perfilov, Longwen Yan, George Tynan, Hua Xia, S. E. Lysenko, Shinichi Ohshima, Patrick Diamond, A.V. Melnikov, Michael Shats, Christopher Holland, Sanae I. Itoh, Y. Hamada, H. Nakano, Garrard Conway, Kouji Shinohara, and R. J. Fonck

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Geodesic, Turbulence, Fluids & Plasmas, Plasma turbulence, Molecular, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Zonal flow (plasma), Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Classical mechanics, Plasma instability, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Nuclear, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The present status of experiments on zonal flows in magnetic confinement experiments is examined. The innovative use of traditional and modern diagnostics has revealed unambiguously the existence of zonal flows, their spatio-temporal characteristics, their relationship to turbulence and their effects on confinement. In particular, a number of observations have been accumulated on the oscillatory branch of zonal flows, named geodesic acoustic modes, suggesting the necessity for theories to give their proper description. In addition to these basic properties of zonal flows, several new methods have elucidated the processes of zonal flow generation from turbulence. Further investigation of the relationship between zonal flows and confinement is strongly encouraged as cross-device activity including low temperature, toroidal and linear devices. © 2007 IAEA.

Published
2007
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33. Integrated discharge scenario for high-temperature helical plasma in LHD

Author

Y. Takeiri, N. A. Pablant, Ryosuke Seki, Katsunori Ikeda, Motoshi Goto, Hiroe Igami, Shin Kubo, Masayuki Yokoyama, Hiroshi Yamada, Naoki Tamura, K. Nagaoka, Keisuke Fujii, Takashi Mutoh, K. Saito, Masaki Osakabe, T. Ido, Xiaodi Du, Osamu Kaneko, Shuji Kamio, Hiroshi Kasahara, Chihiro Suzuki, Hiroto Takahashi, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Masashi Kisaki, K. A. Tanaka, Tetsuo Seki, T. Oishi, Mikiro Yoshinuma, Hayato Tsuchiya, Sadayoshi Murakami, Y. Nakamura, S. Morita, A. Komori, Katsumi Ida, Y. Yoshimura, Takashi Shimozuma, H. Nakano, A. Shimizu, and Yasuhiro Suzuki

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Cyclotron, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), Heavy ion beam, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electric field, Electron temperature, Atomic physics
Abstract

The discharge scenario of high temperature plasma with a helical configuration has significantly progressed. The increase of central ion temperature due to the reduction of wall recycling was clearly observed. The peaking of the ion heating profile and the reduction of charge exchange loss of energetic ions play an important role for further improvement of ion heat transport in the ion internal transport barrier (ITB) core. The ion ITB and electron ITB have been successfully integrated due to the superposition of centrally focused electron cyclotron heating to the ion ITB plasma, and the high temperature regime of the ion temperature comparable to the electron temperature (Ti ~ Te) has been significantly extended. The width of the ion ITB formed with electron ITB is wider than the width of electron ITB. The positive radial electric field was observed in the integrated ITB plasma by a heavy ion beam probe, while the negative radial electric field was observed in ion ITB plasmas. The ion temperature gradient decreases with the increase of the temperature ratio (Te /Ti).

Published
2015
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34. Frequency comparison of lattice clocks toward the redefinition of the second

Author

T Ido

Subjects
History, Optical lattice, Geography, chemistry, Lattice (order), Caesium, chemistry.chemical_element, Algorithm, Frequency difference, Order of magnitude, Computer Science Applications, Education, Computational physics
Abstract

Strontium is the most popular species for optical lattice clocks. Recent reports of the accuracies from Boulder, U.S. and Tokyo reach 10−18 level, which is better than state-of-the-art caesium clocks more than one order of magnitude. While this achievement accelerates the discussion to redefine the second, the agreement of frequencies in separate laboratories is of critical importance. For this context, intercontinental comparison of Sr lattice clocks were demonstrated between Japan and Germany using a satellite-based technique. The frequency difference was consistent with zero with an uncertainty of 1.6 × 10−15.

Published
2014
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35. Visualization of myocardial phosphoinositide turnover with 1-[1-(11)C]-butyryl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol in rats with myocardial infarction

Author

M, Chida, Y, Kagaya, Y, Imahori, S, Namiuchi, R, Fujii, M, Fukuchi, C, Takahashi, F, Tezuka, T, Ido, and K, Shirato

Subjects
Male, Myocardium, Phosphatidylethanolamines, Myocardial Infarction, Phosphatidylinositols, Immunohistochemistry, Glycerides, Rats, Coronary Circulation, Phosphatidylcholines, Animals, Autoradiography, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Radiopharmaceuticals, Rats, Wistar, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

Phosphoinositide turnover mediates the signaling of angiotensin II, which plays a pivotal role in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that phosphoinositide turnover can be visualized by 1-[1 -(11)C]butyryl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (11C-DAG) in both infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium after MI in rats.Rats received an injection of 11C-DAG 7 d after left coronary artery ligation, and myocardial lipids were extracted from both infarcted and noninfarcted areas of myocardium (n = 3). Metabolites of 11C-DAG were determined by thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative autoradiography of hearts was performed to visualize myocardial phosphoinositide turnover in rats that received an injection of 11C-DAG 1 d (n = 3) and 7 d (n = 5) after MI and 7 d after a sham operation (n = 3). Quantitative autoradiography with 201TlCl was also performed to evaluate myocardial blood flow in rats 7 d after MI (n = 3). Cells occupying the infarcted myocardium were identified by immunohistochemistry.The radioactivity incorporated into the intermediates of phosphoinositide turnover was predominant in both the infarcted (67.1% +/- 5.2% of the total activity) and the noninfarcted (57.4% +/- 3.2%) myocardium. 11C-DAG radioactivity in the infarcted region normalized to that in the noninfarcted region was 1.09 +/- 0.04 in rats 7 d after MI, which was significantly higher than that in rats 1 d after MI (0.38 +/- 0.03, P0.001). 201Tl radioactivity in the infarcted region normalized to that in the noninfarcted region was only 0.19 +/- 0.01 7 d after MI. 11C-DAG radioactivity in the noninfarcted region normalized to that in the right ventricular free wall tended to be increased in rats 1 and 7 d after MI compared with the sham-operated rats; the differences, however, were not statistically significant (1.30 +/- 0.15, 1.20 +/- 0.07, and 1.13 +/- 0.02, respectively). Immunohistochemistry revealed that abundant fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and macrophages occupied the infarcted myocardium 7 d after MI, but the cellularity was low during the first day after MI.These data suggest that 11C-DAG may be useful for visualizing regions with activated phosphoinositide turnover after MI. Because wound healing and fibrogenic processes are important factors of ventricular remodeling, 11C-DAG and PET may offer new information benefiting patient management after MI.

Published
2001

36. Functional neuroimaging of cognition impaired by a classical antihistamine, d-chlorpheniramine

Author

N, Okamura, K, Yanai, M, Higuchi, J, Sakai, R, Iwata, T, Ido, H, Sasaki, T, Watanabe, and M, Itoh

Subjects
Adult, Male, Chlorpheniramine, Discrimination, Psychological, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Papers, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Visual Perception, Humans, Attention, Receptors, Histamine H1, Sleep Stages, Cognition Disorders, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

Antihistamine induced cognitive decline was evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET) measurement of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) occupancy and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Cognitive performance in attention-demanding task deteriorated dose-dependently and the effects were statistically significant after the treatment of 2 mg of d-chlorpheniramine. There was no significant change in subjective sleepiness in the same dose. The regional blockade of H1R was observed mainly in the frontal, temporal and anterior cingulate cortices, and the intravenous administration of d-chlorpheniramine as a therapeutic dose (2 mg) blocked over 60% of H1R in the frontal cortices. The results from activation study using visual discrimination tasks demonstrated that enhanced activity in the right prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices as well as a decreased activity in the left temporal and frontal cortices and midbrain after the treatment of d-chlorpheniramine. There were no changes in global CBF for the subjects treated with 2 mg d-chlorpheniramine (pre; 44.8+/-3.3 ml dl(-1) min(-1) vs post; 44.4+/-4.7 ml dl(-1) min(-1)). The results indicated that the attention system of human brain could be altered by therapeutic doses of H1R antagonists. These findings provide the information as to the potential risk of antihistamines in our daily activities. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 115 - 123

Published
2000

37. Normal-state conductivity between CuO2 planes in copper oxide superconductors

Author

S. Uchida, T. Ido, H. Takagi, Toshimitsu Ito, and Shun Ishibashi

Subjects
Superconductivity, Copper oxide, Multidisciplinary, High-temperature superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Solid-state physics, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Charge carrier, Anisotropy, Solid solution
Abstract

THE high-transition-temperature (high- Tc) copper oxide superconductors are highly anisotropic in their electrical properties; this is one of the key concerns for applications of these materials, and may also provide a clue to the mechanism of the superconductivity. Although the resistivity in the CuO2 planes, ρab, shows a metallic temperature dependence, the resistivity parallel to the c axis (ρc) has been reported to be both non-metallic1,2 and metallic3,4. Here we present systematic data for ρc in a number of high-Tc materials, obtained from well characterized single crystals. Both the magnitude and the temperature dependence of ρc are strongly dependent on crystal structure, and on the concentration of charge carriers. We find that ρc is non-metallic (dρc/dT< 0) in most superconducting compounds, suggesting an unconventional conduction mechanism. Fully oxygenated YBa2Cu3O∼7 (with Tc≈90K) is the only exception, with a relatively small ρc and positive dρc/d T that may arise from the crystal structure specific to this material.

Published
1991
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38. Positron emission tomography-based boron neutron capture therapy using boronophenylalanine for high-grade gliomas: part II

Author

Y, Imahori, S, Ueda, Y, Ohmori, K, Sakae, T, Kusuki, T, Kobayashi, M, Takagaki, K, Ono, T, Ido, and R, Fujii

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, Isotopes, Phenylalanine, Humans, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Glioma, Mathematical Computing, Boron, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

Determination of tumor boron-10 (10B) levels is required for accurate neutron dosimetry during boron neutron capture therapy. We assessed a new method for quantitative measurement of boronated drug uptake in high-grade gliomas. This method uses positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled L-fluoroborono-phenylalanine (L-18F-10B-FBPA), which was synthesized as an analogue of L-boronophenylalanine. We studied the accumulation of L-18F-10B-FBPA by PET in patients with high-grade gliomas. Dynamic PET studies of brain tumors revealed that L-18F-10B-FBPA accumulated gradually after bolus injection, and the value of PET activity divided by the integrated plasma activity reached a constant level 42 min after injection, which was defined as the incorporation constant (Ic*). This constant reflected the appropriate L-18F-10B-FBPA accumulation in tumor tissue. Based on the Ic* constant, the methods for estimating tumor 10B concentration were devised. With this method, the estimated values of 10B concentration in gliomas were very close to the 10B levels in surgical specimens. This method was based solely on PET and can potentially provide data that would assist in the selection of patients for future treatment with boron neutron capture therapy after surgical resection of their brain tumors.

Published
1998

39. Fluorine-18-labeled fluoroboronophenylalanine PET in patients with glioma

Author

Y, Imahori, S, Ueda, Y, Ohmori, T, Kusuki, K, Ono, R, Fujii, and T, Ido

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Phenylalanine, Humans, Glioma, Astrocytoma, Radiopharmaceuticals, Glioblastoma, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

We synthesized fluorine-18-labeled fluoroboronophenylalanine (18F-10B-FBPA), an analog of boronophenylalanine (10B-BPA), and characterized its pharmacokinetics in patients with glioma. We conducted PET studies on three types of gliomas to clarify the relationship between tumor grade and each rate constant [K1 (ml/g/min), k2 (min[-1]) and k3 (min[-1])], and here, we discuss the metabolism of the 10B-BPA analog (18F-10B-FBPA).Thirty-three cases of primary gliomas were studied by dynamic PET using DL-18F-10B-FBPA or L-18F-10B-FBPA. Dynamic PET images of 18F-10B-FBPA incorporation into tumors were obtained, and the arterial blood samplings were performed in all cases.When the dynamic PET data were represented as Gjedde-Patlak plots, there was a positive slope, suggesting the involvement of the putative metabolic pool of this tracer. A three-compartment model using rate constants (K1, k2 and k3) was used for the kinetic analysis. The accumulation of 18F-10B-FBPA was found to correlate with the degree of malignancy, and the L form of 18F-10B-FBPA was taken up better than was the DL form. The results of dynamic PET analysis suggested that K1 (measuring amino acid transport process) is a major factor determining the accumulation of 18F-10B-FBPA. A comparison of the rate constants revealed that k3 (metabolic process) did not correlate with the degree of malignancy. The absence of evident differences in k3 between DL and L forms suggests that k3 represents phenomena that are not dependent on the native form of L.These PET data will be of practical use for diagnosis of malignancy and direct prediction of the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy using 10B-BPA.

Published
1998

40. Stimulated glucose uptake in the ischemic border zone: its dependence on glucose uptake in the normally perfused area

Author

Y, Yamane, N, Ishide, Y, Kagaya, D, Takeyama, N, Shiba, M, Chida, T, Nozaki, T, Takahashi, T, Ido, and K, Shirato

Subjects
Male, Myocardium, Fatty Acids, Myocardial Ischemia, Deoxyglucose, Tritium, Rats, Coronary Circulation, Subtraction Technique, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, Autoradiography, Carbon Radioisotopes, Rats, Wistar
Abstract

During acute regional myocardial ischemia, a "border zone" exists where the spatial distributions of blood flow and substrate uptake show gradual changes. We investigated the relationship between blood flow and glucose uptake in the border zone during acute regional ischemia.Newly developed quantitative autoradiography using imaging plates and two long-lived radioisotopes was applied to rat hearts subjected to 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion. Blood flow, glucose uptake and fatty acid uptake was assessed with 4-[N-methyl-14C]iodoantipyrine, 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]glucose (3H-DG) and beta-methyl[1-14C]heptadecanoic acid (14C-BMHDA), respectively.In rats showing 3H-DG uptake in the normally perfused area (Norm) of 254 +/- 96 Bq/mg (high-DG) and 56 +/- 20 Bq/mg (low-DG) (n = 4 for each), 3H-DG uptake in the border zone was 148 +/- 52 Bq/mg and 58 +/- 15 Bq/mg (p0.05 high- versus low-DG), respectively. The relationship between blood flow and 3H-DG uptake in the border zone was altered by the different 3H-DG uptake levels in Norm. In high-DG, 3H-DG uptake in the border zone was reduced significantly according to the decrease in the percentage of blood flow. However, in low-DG, no significant differences in 3H-DG uptake were found among the regions in the border zone with different levels of the percentage of blood flow, except in the region with 10%-19% of the percentage of blood flow. In the border zone, the percentage of 3H-DG uptake per unit blood flow normalized to that in Norm increased according to the decrease in the percentage of blood flow, and this increase was steeper in low-DG than in high-DG (p0.0005). The percentage of 14C-BMHDA uptake was lower than the percentage of 3H-DG uptake (27 +/- 3% versus 78 +/- 18% of that in Norm, p0.0005) in the peripheral ischemic area.The relationship between blood flow and glucose uptake in the ischemic border zone was altered by the different glucose uptake levels in Norm. Glucose uptake in the border zone was higher in rats with higher glucose uptake levels in Norm, suggesting that glucose uptake in the border zone stimulated by ischemia can be accelerated still more by humoral factors.

Published
1997

41. Influence of chemotherapy on FDG uptake by human cancer xenografts in nude mice

Author

T, Yoshioka, H, Takahashi, H, Oikawa, S, Maeda, T, Ido, T, Akaizawa, H, Fukuda, and R, Kanamaru

Subjects
Male, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Time Factors, Mitomycin, Transplantation, Heterologous, Mice, Nude, Antineoplastic Agents, Adenocarcinoma, Deoxyglucose, Mice, Doxorubicin, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Stomach Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, Cisplatin, Neoplasm Transplantation, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

This study evaluated the use of PET with 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) for monitoring chemotherapy effects, using a human cancer xenograft (poorly differentiated human gastric cancer) in vivo model.Tumor 18F-FDG uptakes and sizes were measured after administrating mitomycin (MMC), cisplatin (CDDP) and adriamycin (ADR) to xenograft-bearing nude mice and compared with 18F-FDG tumor uptake and tumor size in a non-therapy group. The correlation between the uptake and size was also assessed.The largest reduction in tumor size after chemotherapy occurred in the MMC administered group, followed by the CDDP case, with no reduction in the ADR group as compared to the controls. Fluorine-18-FDG tumor uptake after chemotherapy was also decreased in the MMC and CDDP groups, in that order, but not in the ADR case. With MMC and CDDP, size reduction became significant on Days 8 or 11, whereas 18F-FDG tumor uptake had already been decreased on Days 3 or 7.Fluorine-18-FDG uptake decreases in parallel to the efficacy of anticancer agents and correlates with subsequent morphologic changes. We conclude that 18F-FDG PET tumor images are indeed useful for monitoring the effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Published
1997

42. Feasibility of fluorine-18-fluorophenylalanine for tumor imaging compared with carbon-11-L-methionine

Author

K, Kubota, K, Ishiwata, R, Kubota, S, Yamada, J, Takahashi, Y, Abe, H, Fukuda, and T, Ido

Subjects
Male, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Time Factors, Phenylalanine, Rats, Inbred Strains, Tritium, Rats, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Methionine, Animals, Autoradiography, Feasibility Studies, Tissue Distribution, Carbon Radioisotopes, Radionuclide Imaging, Half-Life, Thymidine
Abstract

L-[methyl-11C]methionine (11C-Met) is a useful tracer for tumor imaging with PET. The drawbacks include a short half-life and high physiological accumulation in abdominal organs. To overcome these shortfalls, the feasible use of [18F]fluorophenylalanine (18F-Phe), which shares the same amino acid transport system with Met, for tumor imaging was examined.The time course of tissue distribution of 18F-Phe and the tumor uptake response to radiotherapy were compared with 14C-Met and [3H] thymidine (3H-Thd) in the rat AH109A tumor model. Intratumoral distribution of 18F-Phe was compared with 14C-Met and 14C-Thd using double-tracer macroautoradiography (ARG). We also evaluated whole-body ARG.Tumor uptake of 18F-Phe peaked at 60 min postinjection and was higher than that of the liver, intestine and kidney but lower than the pancreas. Tumor uptake of 18F-Phe was similar to that of 14C-Met. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were higher in 14C-Met compared with that of 18F-Phe because of the rapid blood clearance of 14C-Met. With whole-body ARG, the tumor was clearly visualized with high contrast. Radiotherapeutic response of tumor uptake of 18F-Phe was as rapid as that with 14C-Met and with 3H-Thd. Intratumoral distribution of 18F-Phe and 14C-Met were identical, and 18F-Phe and 14C-Thd were similar.Fluorine-18-Phe seems to be a potentially useful amino acid tracer for tumor imaging with a longer half-life than 11C, with higher tumor contrast in the abdomen than Met and a similar sensitive response to radiotherapy.

Published
1996

43. High accumulation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in turpentine-induced inflammatory tissue

Author

S, Yamada, K, Kubota, R, Kubota, T, Ido, and N, Tamahashi

Subjects
Inflammation, Male, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Time Factors, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Turpentine, Animals, Autoradiography, Deoxyglucose, Radionuclide Imaging, Rats
Abstract

Fluorine-18-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake and distribution in an experimentally induced inflammatory tissue were investigated.Rats were subcutaneously inoculated with turpentine oil to induce inflammation and used for tissue distribution studies and autoradiography.Time course study of [18F]FDG tissue distribution showed that the uptake in inflammatory tissue increased gradually until 60 min and then decreased. A longitudinal study of [18F]FDG tissue distribution showed that the uptake increased progressively to a peak 4 days after inoculation and then decreased. On the fourth day postinoculation, a section of inflammatory tissue showed characteristic changes of chronic inflammation. Macro- and micro-autoradiography showed a high density of silver grains in the abscess wall consisting of an inflammatory cell layer and granulation tissue. Grain counting on micro-autoradiography of the abscess wall showed that the highest grain density was found in the marginal zone of young fibroblasts, endothelial cells of vessels and phagocytes of neutrophils and macrophages, followed by that in the neutrophil layer and granulation tissue.Our results indicate that [18F]FDG PET may be useful in detecting and monitoring chronic inflammatory processes.

Published
1995

44. Quantitative double-tracer autoradiography with tritium and carbon-14 using imaging plates: application to myocardial metabolic studies in rats

Author

Y, Yamane, N, Ishide, Y, Kagaya, D, Takeyama, N, Shiba, M, Chida, Y, Sekiguchi, T, Nozaki, T, Ido, and K, Shirato

Subjects
Male, Disease Models, Animal, Myocardium, Myocardial Ischemia, Animals, Autoradiography, Carbon Radioisotopes, Rats, Wistar, Radionuclide Imaging, Tritium, Rats
Abstract

A system for 3H- and 14C-labeled macroautoradiography was developed that is able to quantify the tissue radioactivity of two tracers using imaging plates.Discrimination between electrons emitted from 3H and 14C is possible on the basis of their different energy distributions. The general use imaging plate with a protective layer detects 14C radioactivity, but it does not detect 3H radioactivity which has a lower energy distribution than 14C. Recently, a 3H-sensitive imaging plate without a protective layer was developed. The 3H distribution image is obtained by subtracting the UR image from the TR image. For quantification of the tissue radioactivity of 3H and 14C, we obtained tissue equivalent values (Bq/mg) of commercially available 3H- and 14C-labeled graded standards using different dilutions of labeled heart paste and liquid scintillation counting. Using the 3H- and 14C-labeled graded standards, we confirmed the validity of the quantification of the 3H-autoradiographic intensity using this subtraction method. We applied this method to a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia to compare regional myocardial free fatty acid uptake determined by beta-methyl[1-14C]heptadecanoic acid to glucose uptake determined by 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]glucose.Free fatty acid uptake was decreased sharply at the ischemic periphery where glucose uptake was preserved.This double-tracer autoradiography with 3H and 14C which has high sensitivity, a high spatial resolution of 50 microns and superior linearity with a wide dynamic range of 10(4) to 10(5) allows accurate quantification of the tissue radioactivity of the two radiopharmaceuticals.

Published
1995

45. Linearized method: A new approach for kinetic analysis of central dopamine D(2) receptor specific binding

Author

H. Watabe, M. Itoh, T. Nakamura, R. Iwata, J. Hatazawa, Toshihiro Takahashi, T. Ido, Kiichi Ishiwata, and K. Hatano

Subjects
Physics, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Kinetic analysis, Analytical chemistry, Value (computer science), Input function, Computer Science Applications, Nonlinear system, Reaction rate constant, Positron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear medicine, business, Receptor, Software, Linear equation
Abstract

We proposed a new method ('linearized method') to analyze neuroleptic ligand-receptor specific binding in a human brain using positron emission tomography (PET). We derived the linear equation to solve four rate constants, k/sub 3/, k/sub 4/, k/sub 5/, k/sub 6/ from PET data. This method does not demand a radioactivity curve in plasma as an input function to the brain, and can perform fast calculations in order to determine rate constants. We also tested the nonlinearized method including nonlinear equations which is a conventional analysis using plasma radioactivity corrected for ligand metabolites as an input function. We applied these methods to evaluate dopamine D/sub 2/ receptor specific binding of [/sup 11/C] YM-09151-2. The value of B/sub max//K/sub d/=k/sub 3//k/sub 4/ obtained by the linearized method was 5.72/spl plusmn/3.1 which was consistent with the value of 5.78/spl plusmn/3.4 obtained by the nonlinearized method.

Published
1995

46. Alfvén eigenmode properties and dynamics in the TJ-II stellarator

Author

L. I. Krupnik, C. Hidalgo, A.A. Chmyga, A. López-Fraguas, Axel Könies, A.D. Komarov, K. Nagaoka, A.V. Melnikov, Shoji Yamamoto, Andrei Smolyakov, Enrique Ascasibar, M. A. Pedrosa, S. E. Lysenko, S. M. Khrebtov, Donald A. Spong, S.V. Perfilov, M.V. Ufimtsev, Yu K Kuznetsov, J.L. de Pablos, R. Jiménez-Gómez, L.G. Eliseev, A.S. Kozachek, V.A. Mavrin, T. Ido, and TJ-II Team

Subjects
MEDIDAS, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Plasma, Radius, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Magnetic field, law.invention, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Physics::Plasma Physics, Normal mode, law, Electric potential, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Stellarator, Computer Science::Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) were studied in neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas in the TJ-II stellarator using a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) in the core, and by Langmuir (LP) and Mirnov probes (MP) at the edge. AEs were detected over the whole plasma radius by the HIBP with a spatial resolution of about 1 cm. AE-induced oscillations were detected in the plasma density n e, electric potential φ and poloidal magnetic field B pol with frequencies 50 kHz f AE k θ , mode numbers m(m V θ ∼ 30 km s−1 were detected for various branches of AEs, having different radial locations. When the density rose due to NBI fuelling, the AE frequency decreased as predicted by the Alfvén law . During the AE frequency decay the following new AE features were observed: (i) the poloidal wave-vector k θ and mode number m remained constant, (ii) the cross-phases between the oscillations in B pol, n e and electric potential remained constant, having an individual value for each AE branch, (iii) V θ decreased proportional to the AE frequency. The interaction of the AEs with the bulk (thermal) plasma resulted in clearly pronounced quasi-coherent peaks in the electrostatic turbulent particle flux spectra. Various AE branches exhibited different contributions to the particle flux: outward, inward and also zero, depending on the phase relations between the oscillations in E pol and n e, which are specific for each branch. A comparison with MHD mode modelling indicated that some of the more prominent frequency branches can be identified as radially extended helical AEs.

Published
2012
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47. Active and passive mechanisms of [fluorine-18] fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by proliferating and prenecrotic cancer cells in vivo: a microautoradiographic study

Author

R, Kubota, K, Kubota, S, Yamada, M, Tada, T, Ido, and N, Tamahashi

Subjects
Fluorine Radioisotopes, Mice, Inbred C3H, Cell Cycle, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental, Serum Albumin, Bovine, DNA, Neoplasm, Neoplasms, Experimental, Deoxyglucose, Iodine Radioisotopes, Mice, Necrosis, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Animals, Autoradiography, Female, Radionuclide Imaging, Cell Division, Thymidine
Abstract

In this study, [18F]FDG uptake mechanisms were investigated in neoplastic cells during cell proliferation and cell death.Detailed analysis was performed on mouse tumor models of different growth rates using [18F]FDG, [6-13H]thymidine [3H]Thd (a precursor of DNA synthesis) and [125I]bovine serum albumin ([125I]BSA) (a marker of diffusion) with autoradiographic and histopathologic techniques and electron microscopy.The three compounds, [18F]FDG, [3H]Thd and [125I]BSA, showed different heterogeneous patterns of distribution within tumor tissue sections in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cellular elements. The uptake of [18F]FDG by prenecrotic (or necrobiotic) tumor cells surrounding focal necrotic cell debris was 1.5 to 2.3 times higher than that of viable tumor cells. Prenecrotic cells did not retain trapped [18F]FDG; therefore, the uptake was considered to be nonmetabolic. Inconspicuous cell membrane, vesicular cytoplasmic organelles and condensed nuclear chromatin were remarkable findings in the prenecrotic cells. A comparison of viable tumor cells in tumors undergoing different growth rates showed that the ratio of [18F]FDG uptake was similar to that of [3H]Thd uptake in each S-phase cell. Fluorine-18-FDG showed a cell cycle dependency, with a higher uptake observed in cells in G0/G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle compared with the S and M phases.A passive mechanism of [18F]FDG uptake may exist in the necrobiotic/prenecrotic or hypoxic/anoxic cells in tumors. However, the discordance of [18F]FDG and [3H]Thd uptake may be the result of the different cell cycle dependency of tracer uptake in the same tumor.

Published
1994

48. Binding characteristics of a histamine H3-receptor antagonist, [3H]S-methylthioperamide: comparison with [3H](R)alpha-methylhistamine binding to rat tissues

Author

K, Yanai, J H, Ryu, N, Sakai, T, Takahashi, R, Iwata, T, Ido, K, Murakami, and T, Watanabe

Subjects
Mice, Inbred ICR, Binding Sites, Methylhistamines, Histamine Antagonists, Ligands, Binding, Competitive, Rats, Histamine Agonists, Mice, Prosencephalon, Piperidines, Animals, Autoradiography, Tissue Distribution, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract

The release and synthesis of neuronal histamine are regulated by histaminergic autoreceptors named as histamine H3 receptors. The development of radiolabeled histamine H3 antagonists is needed to characterize the binding of antagonists to these receptors. Here we describe the binding characteristics of a new histamine H3-receptor antagonist, [3H]S-methylthioperamide (SMT), to rat tissues, and compare its binding with that of [3H](R)alpha-methylhistamine ((R)alpha MH), a selective histamine H3-receptor agonist. The binding of [3H]SMT to the membranes of rat forebrain was found to be stereoselective, saturable, reversible and temperature-dependent. Saturation binding experiments indicated a single class of high affinity sites for [3H]SMT in forebrain membranes (KD = 2.1 nM, Bmax = 24.3 pmol/g of tissue at 4 degrees C). The Bmax was approximately 3 times that of [3H](R)alpha MH binding to rat forebrain membranes (KD = 2.5 nM, Bmax = 7.3 pmol/g of tissue at 25 degrees C). Autoradiographic images of [3H]SMT binding in the brain were essentially the same as those of [3H](R)alpha MH. [3H]SMT also bound appreciably to peripheral tissues (the liver, adrenal, stomach, ileum, kidney, lung and bladder), whereas the [3H](R)alpha MH bindings to these peripheral tissues were negligible. These results indicate that [3H]SMT binds to H3 receptors primarily in the central nervous system, and that it also has high affinity toward non-H3 receptors, probably hemoproteins, in peripheral tissues.

Published
1994

49. Microautoradiographic study for the differentiation of intratumoral macrophages, granulation tissues and cancer cells by the dynamics of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake

Author

R, Kubota, K, Kubota, S, Yamada, M, Tada, T, Ido, and N, Tamahashi

Subjects
Mice, Inbred C3H, Macrophages, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental, Deoxyglucose, Tritium, Mice, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Granulation Tissue, Animals, Autoradiography, Female, Tissue Distribution, Radionuclide Imaging, Neoplasm Transplantation
Abstract

A substantial amount of macrophage infiltration occurs in both human and animal tumors. We previously showed that 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake was higher in tumor-associated macrophages and young granulation tissues than in tumor cells. Differentiation of intratumoral non-neoplastic cells from neoplastic cells is important not only for the reduction of false-positives in FDG-PET tumor studies but also for patient management.A time-course study was performed using micro- and macro-autoradiography and tissue distribution in C3H/He mice bearing transplanted syngeneic FM3A mammary carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma was evaluated to analyze the intratumoral cellular dynamics of [18F]FDG and 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose in vivo.The volume-doubling time in vivo was 1.3 days for MH134 and 4.9 days for FM3A, and the survival time of the host was 32.1 and 40.3 days, respectively. The peak uptake of both tracers in the tumor was 60 min after intravenous injection. The uptake by MH134 was 1.7-2.1 times higher than that by FM3A. The intracellular concentration as determined by counting the silver grains on micro-autoradiographic sections showed that the uptake by macrophages and focal small necrotic areas in both tumors was faster than the blood clearance until 15 min after tracer injection.Thus, non-neoplastic cellular elements can be differentiated from viable neoplastic cells by means of the dynamic analysis of [18F]FDG uptake.

Published
1994

50. Accumulation of 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in human cancers heterotransplanted in nude mice: comparison between histology and glycolytic status

Author

T, Yoshioka, H, Takahashi, H, Oikawa, S, Maeda, A, Wakui, T, Watanabe, F, Tezuka, T, Takahashi, T, Ido, and R, Kanamaru

Subjects
Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Contrast Media, Humans, Mice, Nude, Tissue Distribution, Deoxyglucose, Digestive System Neoplasms, Neoplasm Transplantation
Abstract

The success of tumor imaging with PET and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro[18F]-D-glucose (18FDG) is based on preferential accumulation of 18FDG in tumors.Fluorine-18-FDG uptake was measured in nine human cancers heterotransplanted in nude mice and compared with histologic subclassification.Mean 18FDG uptake by the human cancers was considerably less than that by the host's heart, but values at 60 min after injection were about 2.5 times as high as the liver and kidney, about two times as that for the muscle and about six times that for the blood. Comparison of 18FDG uptake and histological grade in four gastric, two pancreatic and three colonic cancers showed that 18FDG uptake increased with loss of differentiation.This nude mice model system is useful for studying correlations between physiological and morphological parameters of heterotransplanted human cancers.

Published
1994

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