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1. Factors Associated With Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Spain and Its Distribution in Immigrant Population

Author

Agüero, R., Alcázar, J.L., Altet, N., Altube, L., Álvarez, F., Anibarro, L., Barrón, M., Bermúdez, P., Bikuña, E., Blanquer, R., Borderías, L., Bustamante, A., Calpe, J.L., Caminero, J.A., Cañas, F., Casas, F., Casas, X., Cases, E., Castejón, N., Castrodeza, R., Cebrián, J.J., Cervera, A., Ciruelos, J.E., Delgado, A.E., De Souza, M.L., Díaz, D., Domínguez, M., Fernández, B., Gallardo, J., Gallego, M., Clemente, M.M. García, García, C., García, F.J., Garros, F.J., Gort, A., Guerediaga, A., Gullón, J.A., Hidalgo, C., Iglesias, M., Jiménez, G., Jiménez, M.A., Kindelan, J.M., Laparra, J., López, I., Lera, R., Lloret, T., Marín, M., Lacasa, X. Martínez, Martínez, E., Martínez, A., Medina, J.F., Melero, C., Milà, C., Millet, J.P., Mir, I., Molina, F., Morales, C., Morales, M.A., Moreno, A., Moreno, V., Muñoz, A., Muñoz, C., Muñoz, J.A., Muñoz, L., Oribe, M., Parra, I., Penas, A., Pérez, J.A., Rivas, P., Rodríguez, J., Ruiz-Manzano, J., Sala, J., Sandel, D., Sánchez, M., Sánchez, P., Santamaría, I., Sanz, F., Serrano, A., Somoza, M., Tabernero, E., Trujillo, E., Valencia, E., Valiño, P., Vargas, A., Vidal, I., Vidal, R., Villanueva, M.A., Villar, A., Vizcaya, M., Zabaleta, M., Zubillaga, G., Luque, Lydia, Rodrigo, Teresa, García-García, José María, Casals, Martí, Millet, Joan Pau, Caylà, Joan, and Orcau, Angels

Published
2020
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2. TB in the elderly: clinical features and outcomes

Author

Tabernero, E., primary, Rodrigo, T., additional, Garros, J., additional, Altube, L., additional, Garay, E., additional, Medina, J-F., additional, Rodríguez, J., additional, Ortiz, N., additional, Gullón, J-A., additional, and García-García;, J-M., additional

Published
2022
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3. The value of the continuous genotyping of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis over 20 years in Spain

Author

Iglesias, M.J., Ibarz, D., Cebollada, A., Comín, J., Jiménez, M.S., Vázquez, M.C., Samper, S., Cabezas, T., Reyes, A., Ruiz, I., García, P., López, M.D., Cardeñoso, L., de la Calle, I.J., Ruiz, P., Alados, J.C., Román, J., Villa-Real, R., Saavedra, J., Amores, C., Bermúdez, P., Sánchez, M.A., Montiel, N., Bernal, S., Lepe, J.A., Batista, N., Roldán, E., Torres, L., Navarro, C., Chocarro, P., Aldea, M.J., Viñuelas, J., Vitoria, M.A., Palacios, J.J., Villar, H., Prendes, P., Blanco, M., Vázquez, F., Telenti, M., Sánchez, I., Carbo, L., Escobar, S., Ramírez, A., Gallegos, C., Pérez, M.C., Lecuona, M., Díez, O., Copado, R., Campos, I., Cañas, F., Salas, C., Fernández, C., Roíz, M.P., Barba, I., Manrique, E., Carranza, R., Maroto, A.S., González, A., Rodríguez, E., Martino, V., Sánchez, C., Martínez, C., Robles, P., Simarro, E., Romero, C., López, R., Blanco, M.D., Nebreda, T., Rodríguez, J., Fernández, J.M., Álvarez, E., Jaime, M.L., Tejero, M.D., Alberte, A., Oteda, E., Megías, G., Labayru, C., Ibáñez, R., Campos, A., Carrero, P., Villó, J.M., Sans, T., Pujol, I., Clivillé, X., Castellví, J.B., de Batlle, J., Mariscal, D., Prat, C., García, M., Alcalde, F., Gallén, C., Sauca, G., Cuchi, E., Alonso, C., Corcoy, F., Schmidt, G., Tortola, M.T., Garduño, E., Moreno, J.J., Hernández, P., Montes, I., Roman, J., Alonso, P., Rodríguez, A., Barbeyto, L., Fernández, B., Domínguez, D., Villanueva, R., Iglesias, I., Vasallo, F.J., Sevillano, J., Pascual, A., Pérez del Molino, M.L., Ugalde, E., Dopereiro, R., Cuadros, J.A., Pelayo, I., Cacho, J., Cogollos, R., Páez, M., Prieto, S., Fernández, R., López, P., Domingo, D., Millán, R., Bonilla, I., Merino, P., Toro, C., Ruiz, M.J., Menéndez, M., Romero, P., Tato, M., Simón, M., Urmeneta, A., Delgado, A., García, L., Cobos, J., Merino, J., Aznar, E., Piqueras, J., Navarro, M.D., Artero, J.M., Navascués, A., Gil, A., Leiva, J., Elorduy, L., Urra, E., Idígoras, P., Pérez-Trallero, E., Canut, A., Barrios, J.L., Michans, L., Ayarza, R., García, F., Unzaga, M.J., Navarro, M., Gonzalo, N., Martín, C., Gimeno, A., Elia, M., Sabater, S., Rodríguez, J.C., Santos, M., Bosque, M., López, J., Tabernero, E., Galán, M.I., Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Genotyping Techniques, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Minisatellite Repeats, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Epidemiology, Cluster Analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Phylogeny, media_common, Molecular Epidemiology, Mycobacterium bovis, Multidisciplinary, biology, Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Phylogenetics, Exact test, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Infectious diseases, Medicine, Female, Microbial genetics, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Science, Policy and public health in microbiology, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Clinical microbiology, Genotyping, Respiratory tract diseases, Molecular epidemiology, Health care, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Risk factors, Spain, Demography
Abstract

Molecular epidemiology of circulating clinical isolates is crucial to improve prevention strategies. The Spanish Working Group on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a network that monitors the MDR-TB isolates in Spain since 1998. The aim of this study was to present the study of the MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patterns in Spain using the different recommended genotyping methods over time by a national coordinated system. Based on the proposed genotyping methods in the European Union until 2018, the preservation of one method, MIRU-VNTR, applied to selected clustered strains permitted to maintain our study open for 20 years. The distribution of demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of clustered and non-clustered cases of MDR/XDR tuberculosis with proportion differences as assessed by Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was compared. The differences in the quantitative variables using the Student's-t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were evaluated. The results obtained showed a total of 48.4% of the cases grouped in 77 clusters. Younger age groups, having a known TB case contact (10.2% vs 4.7%) and XDR-TB (16.5% vs 1.8%) were significantly associated with clustering. The largest cluster corresponded to a Mycobacterium bovis strain mainly spread during the nineties. A total of 68.4% of the clusters detected were distributed among the different Spanish regions and six clusters involving 104 cases were grouped in 17 and 18 years. Comparison of the genotypes obtained with those European genotypes included in The European Surveillance System (TESSy) showed that 87 cases had become part of 20 European clusters. The continuity of MDR strain genotyping in time has offered a widespread picture of the situation that allows better management of this public health problem. It also shows the advantage of maintaining one genotyping method over time, which allowed the comparison between ancient, present and future samples. The molecular methods applied in this work were supported by the Carlos III Health Institute in the context of two consecutive Grants FIS15/0317 and 18/0336 and JC was awarded a scholarship by the Government of Aragon / European Social Fund, “Building Europe from Aragon”. Sí

Published
2020

5. Factors Associated With Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Spain and Its Distribution in Immigrant Population

Author

Luque, Lydia, primary, Rodrigo, Teresa, additional, García-García, José María, additional, Casals, Martí, additional, Millet, Joan Pau, additional, Caylà, Joan, additional, Orcau, Angels, additional, Agüero, R., additional, Alcázar, J.L., additional, Altet, N., additional, Altube, L., additional, Álvarez, F., additional, Anibarro, L., additional, Barrón, M., additional, Bermúdez, P., additional, Bikuña, E., additional, Blanquer, R., additional, Borderías, L., additional, Bustamante, A., additional, Calpe, J.L., additional, Caminero, J.A., additional, Cañas, F., additional, Casas, F., additional, Casas, X., additional, Cases, E., additional, Castejón, N., additional, Castrodeza, R., additional, Cebrián, J.J., additional, Cervera, A., additional, Ciruelos, J.E., additional, Delgado, A.E., additional, De Souza, M.L., additional, Díaz, D., additional, Domínguez, M., additional, Fernández, B., additional, Gallardo, J., additional, Gallego, M., additional, Clemente, M.M. García, additional, García, C., additional, García, F.J., additional, Garros, F.J., additional, Gort, A., additional, Guerediaga, A., additional, Gullón, J.A., additional, Hidalgo, C., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Jiménez, G., additional, Jiménez, M.A., additional, Kindelan, J.M., additional, Laparra, J., additional, López, I., additional, Lera, R., additional, Lloret, T., additional, Marín, M., additional, Lacasa, X. Martínez, additional, Martínez, E., additional, Martínez, A., additional, Medina, J.F., additional, Melero, C., additional, Milà, C., additional, Millet, J.P., additional, Mir, I., additional, Molina, F., additional, Morales, C., additional, Morales, M.A., additional, Moreno, A., additional, Moreno, V., additional, Muñoz, A., additional, Muñoz, C., additional, Muñoz, J.A., additional, Muñoz, L., additional, Oribe, M., additional, Parra, I., additional, Penas, A., additional, Pérez, J.A., additional, Rivas, P., additional, Rodríguez, J., additional, Ruiz-Manzano, J., additional, Sala, J., additional, Sandel, D., additional, Sánchez, M., additional, Sánchez, P., additional, Santamaría, I., additional, Sanz, F., additional, Serrano, A., additional, Somoza, M., additional, Tabernero, E., additional, Trujillo, E., additional, Valencia, E., additional, Valiño, P., additional, Vargas, A., additional, Vidal, I., additional, Vidal, R., additional, Villanueva, M.A., additional, Villar, A., additional, Vizcaya, M., additional, Zabaleta, M., additional, and Zubillaga, G., additional

Published
2020
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6. Worldwide Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Tuberculosis Services, January-April 2020

Author

Migliori, GB, Thong, PM, Akkerman, O, Alffenaar, J-W, Alvarez-Navascues, F, Assao-Neino, MM, Bernard, PV, Biala, JS, Blanc, F-X, Bogorodskaya, EM, Borisov, S, Buonsenso, D, Calnan, M, Castellotti, PF, Centis, R, Chakaya, JM, Cho, J-G, Codecasa, LR, D'Ambrosio, L, Denholm, J, Enwerem, M, Ferrarese, M, Galvao, T, Garcia-Clemente, M, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Gualano, G, Gullon-Blanco, JA, Inwentarz, S, Ippolito, G, Kunst, H, Maryandyshev, A, Melazzini, M, de Queiroz Mello, FC, Munoz-Torrico, M, Njungfiyini, PB, Palmero, DJ, Palmieri, F, Piccioni, P, Piubello, A, Rendon, A, Sabri, J, Saporiti, M, Scognamiglio, P, Sharma, S, Silva, DR, Souleymane, MB, Spanevello, A, Tabernero, E, Tadolini, M, Tchangou, ME, Thornton, ABY, Tiberi, S, Udwadia, ZF, Sotgiu, G, Ong, CWM, Goletti, D, Migliori, GB, Thong, PM, Akkerman, O, Alffenaar, J-W, Alvarez-Navascues, F, Assao-Neino, MM, Bernard, PV, Biala, JS, Blanc, F-X, Bogorodskaya, EM, Borisov, S, Buonsenso, D, Calnan, M, Castellotti, PF, Centis, R, Chakaya, JM, Cho, J-G, Codecasa, LR, D'Ambrosio, L, Denholm, J, Enwerem, M, Ferrarese, M, Galvao, T, Garcia-Clemente, M, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Gualano, G, Gullon-Blanco, JA, Inwentarz, S, Ippolito, G, Kunst, H, Maryandyshev, A, Melazzini, M, de Queiroz Mello, FC, Munoz-Torrico, M, Njungfiyini, PB, Palmero, DJ, Palmieri, F, Piccioni, P, Piubello, A, Rendon, A, Sabri, J, Saporiti, M, Scognamiglio, P, Sharma, S, Silva, DR, Souleymane, MB, Spanevello, A, Tabernero, E, Tadolini, M, Tchangou, ME, Thornton, ABY, Tiberi, S, Udwadia, ZF, Sotgiu, G, Ong, CWM, and Goletti, D

Abstract

Coronavirus disease has disrupted tuberculosis services globally. Data from 33 centers in 16 countries on 5 continents showed that attendance at tuberculosis centers was lower during the first 4 months of the pandemic in 2020 than for the same period in 2019. Resources are needed to ensure tuberculosis care continuity during the pandemic.

Published
2020

7. The rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an active strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

Jimenez, D., Agusti, A., Monreal, M., Otero, R., Huisman, M.V., Lobo, J.L., Quezada, A., Jara-Palomares, L., Hernando, A., Tabernero, E., Marcos, P., Ruiz-Artacho, P., Ballaz, A., Bertoletti, L., Couturaud, F., Yusen, R., SLICE Investigators, Servicio de Medicina Interna (SMI), Hopital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (LEIDEN - DTH), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), University of Arizona, Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose (GRT (EA 3065)), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Male, pulmonary embolism, Exacerbation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, law.invention, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, exacerbation, Randomized controlled trial, Interquartile range, law, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Thrombolytic Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Ultrasonography, Embòlia pulmonar, COPD, treatment, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Pulmonary embolism, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Trial Designs, Pulmonary disease, Therapeutics, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Multicenter trial, Internal medicine, Multidetector Computed Tomography, medicine, Pulmonary diseases, Humans, Aged, business.industry, Anticoagulants, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, Terapèutica, Malalties dels pulmons, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, business, Venous thromboembolism, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Introduction Some previous studies have suggested a high prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD). The SLICE trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of an active strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of PE (vs usual care) in patients hospitalized because of ECOPD. Methods SLICE is a phase III, prospective, international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, and parallel-group trial. A total of 746 patients hospitalized because of ECOPD will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either an active strategy for the diagnosis and anticoagulant treatment of PE or usual care (ie, standard care without any diagnostic test for diagnosing PE). The primary outcome is a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal (recurrent) venous thromboembolism (VTE), or readmission for ECOPD within 90 days after enrollment. Secondary outcomes are (a) death from any cause within 90 days after enrollment, (b) non-fatal (recurrent) VTE within 90 days after enrollment, (c) readmission within 90 days after enrollment, and (d) length of hospital stay. Results Enrollment started in September 2014 and is expected to proceed until 2020. Median age of the first 443 patients was 71 years (interquartile range, 64-78), and 26% were female. Conclusions This multicenter trial will determine the value of detecting PEs in patients with ECOPD. This has implications for COPD patient morbidity and mortality. Trial registration number NCT02238639.

Published
2019
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8. Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases

Author

Elena Sumarokova, Gina Gualano, Evgeny Belilovski, Armine Izadifar, Eva Tabernero, Pierre Bachez, Alessandro Torre, Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão, François-Xavier Blanc, Claire Andrejak, Mathilde Fréchet Jachym, Denise Rossato Silva, Paolo Scarpellini, Margarita Marín Royo, Dina Visca, Ángel Domínguez-Castellano, Teresa Rodrigo, Antoine Froissart, Damien Le Dû, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Spanevello, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Simon Tiberi, Miguel Zabaleta Murguiondo, Frédéric Schlemmer, Marina Tadolini, Rosella Centis, Matteo Saporiti, Sergey Borisov, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Vania Giacomet, Delia Goletti, Frédéric Rivière, Ilaria Motta, Samir Dourmane, Soazic Grard, José Cardoso-Landivar, José-María García-García, Jesica Mazza-Stalder, Fabrizio Palmieri, Luigi Codecasa, Catherine W.M. Ong, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Lia D'Ambrosio, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Paul A. Tambyah, Tadolini M., Codecasa L.R., Garcia-Garcia J.-M., Blanc F.-X., Borisov S., Alffenaar J.-W., Andrejak C., Bachez P., Bart P.-A., Belilovski E., Cardoso-Landivar J., Centis R., D'Ambrosio L., De Souza-Galvao M.-L., Dominguez-Castellano A., Dourmane S., Jachym M.F., Froissart A., Giacomet V., Goletti D., Grard S., Gualano G., Izadifar A., Le Du D., Royo M.M., Mazza-Stalder J., Motta I., Min Ong C.W., Palmieri F., Riviere F., Rodrigo T., Silva D.R., Sanchez-Montalva A., Saporiti M., Scarpellini P., Schlemmer F., Spanevello A., Sumarokova E., Tabernero E., Tambyah P.A., Tiberi S., Torre A., Visca D., Murguiondo M.Z., Sotgiu G., Migliori G.B., Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHU Henri Mondor, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Istituto Nazionale di Malattie Infettive 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' (INMI), Service de pneumologie [Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maturation des proteines, destinée cellulaire et thérapeutique (PROMTI), Département Biologie des Génomes (DBG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, [Tadolini,m] Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Codecasa,LR, Saporiti,M] TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. [García-García,JM, Rodrigo,T]Tuberculosis Research Programme (PII-TB), SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain. [Blanc,FX] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France. [Borisov,S, Belilovski,E, Sumarokova,E] Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow, Russian Federation. [Alffenaar,JW] The University of Sydney, Sydney Pharmacy School, Sydney, Australia. [Alffenaar,JW] Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. [Alffenaar,JW] Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. [Andréjak,C] Service de Pneumologie CHU AMIENS PICARDIE, France AND UR Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France. [Bachez,P] Service de Pneumologie, Clinique Saint Luc, Bouge, Belgium. [Bart,PA] Dept of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cardoso-Landivar,J] Servicio Neumología, Vall D´Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. [Centis,R] Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy. [D'Ambrosio,L] Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland. [Dominguez-Castellano,A] Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain. [Dourmane,S] Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier sud île de France (GHSIF), Melun, France. [Fréchet Jachym,M, Le Du,D] Centre Hospitalier de Bligny, Briis Sous Forges, France. [Froissart,A] Service de Médecine interne, CHI de Créteil, Créteil, France. [Giacomet,V]20Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. [Goletti,D] Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', IRCCS, Rome, Italy. [Grard,S] Centre de Lutte Antituberculeuse (CLAT 38), Grenoble, France. [Gualano,G, Palmieri,F] Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', IRCCS, Rome, Italy. [Izadifar,A] Hôpital Européen de Paris La Roseraie, Aubervilliers, France. [Marín Royo,M] Servicio Neumología, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castelló, Spain. [Mazza-Stalder,J] Pulmonary Division, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Motta,I] Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Clinica Universitaria Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Torino, Italia. [Ong,CWM, Tambyah,PA] Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [Ong,CWM, Tambyah,PA] Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore. [Rivière,F] Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées (HIA) Percy, Clamart, France. [Silva,DR] Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. [Sánchez-Montalvá,A]Infectious Diseases Dept, International Health and Tuberculosis Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. [Sánchez-Montalvá,A] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. [Sánchez-Montalvá,A] Grupo de Estudio de Infecciones por Micobacterias (GEIM), Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases (SEIMC), Spain. [Scarpellini,P] Unit of Infectious Diseases, Università Vita e Salute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. [Schlemmer,F] Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France. [Spanevello,A, Visca,D] Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy. [Spanevello,A, Visca,D] Dept of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Tradate, Italy. [Tabernero,E] Servicio Neumología, Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain. [Tiberi,S] Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. [Tiberi,S] Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. [Torre,A] Dept of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. [Zabaleta Murguiondo,M] Servicio Neumología Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. [Sotgiu,G] Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. [Migliori,GB] Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy., and CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil]

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, Betacoronavirus, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Cohort Studies, Coinfection, Coronavirus Infections/complications, Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy, Drug Combinations, Emigrants and Immigrants, Female, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use, Lopinavir/therapeutic use, Lung/diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Mortality, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral/complications, Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy, Ritonavir/therapeutic use, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tuberculosis/complications, Tuberculosis/diagnosis, Tuberculosis/drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Antitubercular Agents, Azithromycin, Clinical Laboratory Technique, Lopinavir, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Sequelae, Antitubercular Agent, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography [Medical Subject Headings], Drug Combination, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Clinical Laboratory Techniques [Medical Subject Headings], Lung, Tomography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Vital Statistics::Mortality [Medical Subject Headings], virus diseases, Pulmonary, respiratory system, X-Ray Computed, Impactos en la salud, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography [Medical Subject Headings], Cohort, Coronavirus Infections, medicine.drug, Cohort study, Human, Hydroxychloroquine, Impacts on health, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosi, Infecciones por coronavirus, Estudios de cohortes, Pneumonia, Viral, Antiviral Agents, Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Bacterial Infections::Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections::Actinomycetales Infections::Mycobacterium Infections::Tuberculosis [Medical Subject Headings], 03 medical and health sciences, Tuberculosis diagnosis, medicine, Research Letter, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Secuelas, Ritonavir, Antiviral Agent, Pandemia, Betacoronaviru, Pandemic, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Emigrants and Immigrant, Pneumonia, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Anti-Bacterial Agents::Antitubercular Agents [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.disease, Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [Medical Subject Headings], COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Coronavirus, 030228 respiratory system, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic has attracted interest because of its global rapid spread, clinical severity, high mortality rate, and capacity to overwhelm healthcare systems [1, 2]. SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs mainly through droplets, although surface contamination contributes and debate continues on aerosol transmission [3–5].

Published
2020
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9. Worldwide Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Tuberculosis Services, January-April 2020

Author

Matteo Saporiti, José-María García-García, Fabrizio Palmieri, Paola Scognamiglio, Fernando Álvarez-Navascués, Luigi Codecasa, Michel Eke Tchangou, Alberto Piubello, Zarir F Udwadia, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz Mello, Paola Castellotti, Andrei Maryandyshev, Gina Gualano, Alice Boi Yatta Thornton, José Antonio Gullón-Blanco, Tatiana Senna Galvão, Pascale Valérie Bernard, Joshua Sorba Biala, Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Domingo Palmero, Marina Tadolini, Samridhi Sharma, Eva Tabernero, Catherine W.M. Ong, Heinke Kunst, Adrian Rendon, Jeremiah Chakaya, Maurizio Ferrarese, Antonio Spanevello, Simon Tiberi, Elena M. Bogorodskaya, Pei Min Thong, Mario Melazzini, Martin Enwerem, Patrick Bung Njungfiyini, Marcela Muñoz-Torrico, Delia Goletti, François-Xavier Blanc, Giuseppe Ippolito, Marianne Calnan, Mahamadou Bassirou Souleymane, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Sergey Borisov, Marta García-Clemente, Mourtala Mohamed Assao-Neino, Denise Rossato Silva, Justin T Denholm, Sandra Inwentarz, Jin-Gun Cho, Lia D'Ambrosio, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Onno W. Akkerman, Pavilio Piccioni, Danilo Buonsenso, Josefina Sabriá, Migliori G.B., Thong P.M., Akkerman O., Alffenaar J.-W., Alvarez-Navascues F., Assao-Neino M.M., Bernard P.V., Biala J.S., Blanc F.-X., Bogorodskaya E.M., Borisov S., Buonsenso D., Calnan M., Castellotti P.F., Centis R., Chakaya J.M., Cho J.-G., Codecasa L.R., D'Ambrosio L., Denholm J., Enwerem M., Ferrarese M., Galvao T., Garcia-Clemente M., Garcia-Garcia J.-M., Gualano G., Gullon-Blanco J.A., Inwentarz S., Ippolito G., Kunst H., Maryandyshev A., Melazzini M., Mello F.C.D.Q., Munoz-Torrico M., Njungfiyini P.B., Palmero D.J., Palmieri F., Piccioni P., Piubello A., Rendon A., Sabria J., Saporiti M., Scognamiglio P., Sharma S., Silva D.R., Souleymane M.B., Spanevello A., Tabernero E., Tadolini M., Tchangou M.E., Thornton A.B.Y., Tiberi S., Udwadia Z.F., Sotgiu G., Ong C.W.M., Goletti D., and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, respiratory infection, Pandemic, wc_505, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, health service, Coronavirus, wa_105, biology, Dispatch, Attendance, Continuity of Patient Care, Viral/epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, TB, coronavirus disease, Coronavirus Infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Human, Microbiology (medical), zoonose, Tuberculosis, 030231 tropical medicine, Pneumonia, Viral, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 2019 novel coronavirus disease, respiratory infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, Worldwide Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Tuberculosis Services, January–April 2020, health services, Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology, Pandemics, viruse, Global Health/trends, Betacoronaviru, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Infection, lcsh:R, COVID-19, Pneumonia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, zoonoses, tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, wc_518, Continuity of Patient Care/trends, Tuberculosis/epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology, Facilities and Services Utilization/trends, business, Facilities and Services Utilization
Abstract

Coronavirus disease has disrupted tuberculosis services globally. Data from 33 centers in 16 countries on 5 continents showed that attendance at tuberculosis centers was lower during the first 4 months of the pandemic in 2020 than for the same period in 2019. Resources are needed to ensure tuberculosis care continuity during the pandemic.

Published
2020
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10. Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Resistant Tuberculosis of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).

Author

Sanchez-Montalva A, Caminero JA, Guna MR, Sanz TR, Rabuñal R, Millet JP, Gullón-Blanco JA, Anibarro L, Perez-Mendoza G, Medina JF, González-Galán V, and Tabernero E

Subjects
Humans, Spain, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Pulmonary Medicine standards, Rifampin therapeutic use, Diarylquinolines therapeutic use, Infectious Disease Medicine standards, Infectious Disease Medicine organization & administration, Drug Therapy, Combination, Nitroimidazoles therapeutic use, Linezolid therapeutic use, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Societies, Medical, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics
Abstract

The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) have developed together Clinical Practice Guidelines (GPC) on the management of people affected by tuberculosis (TB) resistant to drugs with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These clinical practice guidelines include the latest updates of the SEPAR regulations for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB from 2017 and 2020 as the starting point. The methodology included asking relevant clinical questions based on PICO methodology, a literature search focusing on each question, and a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence, with a summary of this evidence for each question. Finally, recommendations were developed and the level of evidence and the strength of each recommendation for each question were established in concordance with the GRADE approach. Of the recommendations made, it is worth highlighting the high quality of the existing evidence for the use of nucleic acid amplification techniques (rapid genotypic tests) as initial tests for the detection of the M. tuberculosis genome and rifampicin resistance in people with presumptive signs or symptoms of pulmonary TB; and for the use of an oral combination of anti-TB drugs based on bedaquiline, delamanid (pretomanid), and linezolid, with conditional fluoroquinolone supplementation (conditioned by fluoroquinolone resistance) for six months for the treatment of people affected by pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We also recommend directly observed therapy (DOT) or video-observed treatment for the treatment of people affected by DR-TB., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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11. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates in Respiratory Samples and Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in an Area of Northern Spain.

Author

Ugedo J, Tabernero E, Altube L, Leal MV, and García JA

Abstract

Introduction: The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is not well known. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of NTM isolates and nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in five closely located hospitals in an area of northern Spain and analyse differences between them., Material and Methods: Demographic, microbiological, clinical and radiological data were collected retrospectively from all patients with a NTM isolated from respiratory specimens at five hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Mycobacterium gordonae isolates were excluded. Once the data was collected, it was determined which patients met the NMT-PD criteria., Results: 594 patients were included in the study. The mean incidence rate of NTM isolates across all five hospitals in the period studied was 4.15 per 100,000 person-year, while the rate of NTM-PD was 1.2. The annual number of isolates showed an upward trend over this period, but the same did not occur in the number of cases of NTM-PD. The species most frequently isolated were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium xenopi and those most frequently causing disease were MAC and Mycobacterium kansassi . There were significant differences between the five centres., Conclusions: Our results are in line with similar studies in Europe in terms of NTM isolation and NTM-PD incidence and species isolated; however, we do not see the upward trend in NTM-PD rates described elsewhere. The great variability in isolation and disease rates, as well as in species isolated in geographically close areas, underlines, in our opinion, the importance of local environmental factors., (© 2024 Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Published
2024
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12. Adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation: results from the SLICE trial.

Author

Rodríguez C, Jara-Palomares L, Tabernero E, Tenes A, González S, Briceño W, Lobo JL, Morillo R, Bikdeli B, and Jiménez D

Abstract

Background: For patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), age- or clinically-adjusted D-dimer threshold level can be used to define a negative test that safely excludes PE and reduces the use of imaging. However, the utility of this approach in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is undefined., Methods: We ran an analysis of the patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation and randomized to the intervention in the SLICE trial. Using the conventional strategy as the reference, we compared the proportion of patients with a negative D-dimer result, and the negative predictive value and sensitivity of three D-dimer threshold strategies for initial PE or subsequent diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE): the age-adjusted strategy, the Wells-adjusted strategy, and the YEARS-adjusted strategy., Results: We included 368 patients. Using a conventional threshold, 182 (49.5%) patients had negative D-dimer values, of whom 1 (0.6%) had PE (sensitivity, 94.1%). The use of an age-adjusted threshold increased the number of patients in whom PE could be excluded from 182 to 233 patients (63.3%), and the proportion of false-negative findings increased from 0.5% to 1.7% (sensitivity, 76.5%). With the use of the Wells or YEARS strategies, 64.4% and 71.5% had negative values, and the proportion of false-negative findings was 2.5% (sensitivity, 64.7%) and 2.7% (sensitivity, 58.8%), respectively., Conclusions: In patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation, compared with the conventional strategy, age- or clinically-adjusted strategies of D-dimer interpretation were associated with a larger proportion of patients in whom PE was ruled out with a higher failure rate., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02238639 ., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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13. Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases.

Author

Tadolini M, Codecasa LR, García-García JM, Blanc FX, Borisov S, Alffenaar JW, Andréjak C, Bachez P, Bart PA, Belilovski E, Cardoso-Landivar J, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Luiza De Souza-Galvão M, Dominguez-Castellano A, Dourmane S, Fréchet Jachym M, Froissart A, Giacomet V, Goletti D, Grard S, Gualano G, Izadifar A, Le Du D, Marín Royo M, Mazza-Stalder J, Motta I, Ong CWM, Palmieri F, Rivière F, Rodrigo T, Silva DR, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Saporiti M, Scarpellini P, Schlemmer F, Spanevello A, Sumarokova E, Tabernero E, Tambyah PA, Tiberi S, Torre A, Visca D, Zabaleta Murguiondo M, Sotgiu G, and Migliori GB

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Azithromycin therapeutic use, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Cohort Studies, Coinfection, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Drug Combinations, Emigrants and Immigrants, Female, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine therapeutic use, Lopinavir therapeutic use, Lung diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral drug therapy, Ritonavir therapeutic use, SARS-CoV-2, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tuberculosis complications, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Coronavirus Infections complications, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary complications
Abstract

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: M. Tadolini has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L.R. Codecasa has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J-M. García-García has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F-X. Blanc has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Borisov has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J-W. Alffenaar has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Andréjak has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Bachez has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P-A. Bart has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Belilovski has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Cardoso-Landivar has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Centis has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. D'Ambrosio has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M-L. De Souza-Galvão has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Dominguez-Castellano has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Dourmane has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Fréchet Jachym has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Froissart has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: V. Giacomet has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Goletti has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Grard has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Gualano has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Izadifar has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Le Du has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Marín Royo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Mazza-Stalder has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: I. Motta has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.W.M. Ong has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Palmieri has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Rivière has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Rodrigo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D.R. Silva has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Sánchez-Montalvá has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Saporiti has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Scarpellini has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Schlemmer has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Spanevello has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Sumarokova has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Tabernero has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P.A. Tambyah has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Tiberi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Torre has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Visca has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Zabaleta Murguiondo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Sotgiu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G.B. Migliori has nothing to disclose.

Published
2020
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14. Changing epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease over the last two decades in a region of the Basque country.

Author

Pedrero S, Tabernero E, Arana-Arri E, Urra E, Larrea M, and Zalacain R

Abstract

Recent studies suggest an increasing prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease. The aim of the present study was to describe incidence rates of NTM lung disease and trends therein in our area over a 20-year period. This was a retrospective study of all cases of NTM lung disease between 1997 and 2016 that met the 2007 American Thoracic Society criteria. We analysed the annual incidence rates, species of mycobacteria isolated, trends over time and annual mortality in 327 patients. Mycobacterium kansasii was the most common mycobacterium isolated (84%), followed by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (13%). We compared two periods: 1997-2006 (257 cases, 79%) and 2007-2016 (70 cases, 21%). The incidence rates tended to decrease across these years, with a peak of incidence in 2000 with 10.6 cases per 100 000. There was a clearly decreasing trend in M. kansasii infection, not only in the first period (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.915, 95% CI 0.88-0.90; p<0.0001) but also in the second (IRR 0.869, 95% CI 0.780-1.014; p=0.080), reaching 1.8 per 100 000 in 2016. In contrast, MAC infection tended to increase across the two periods (IRR 1.251, 95% CI 1.081-1.447; p=0.003). In our region, the incidence of NTM lung disease has notably decreased in recent years. M. kansasii had high incidence rates in the first decade but clearly decreased in the second decade., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: S. Pedrero has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Tabernero has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Arana has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Urra has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Larrea has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Zalacain has nothing to disclose., (Copyright ©ERS 2019.)

Published
2019
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