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The miner fly Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an insect of economic importance for tomato culture. The conventional control with insecticides is complex due to the mining eating habit that provides protection to the larvae inside the leaves. Therefore, farmers can opt for biological control agents, or substances that provide protection to the plant. Thus, the objective of our research was to evaluate the use of silicon to induce resistance in tomato plants against L. sativae. The results showed that in tomato plants treated with SiO2/F and K2SiO3/F there was a reduction in the net reproduction rate (Ro), in the intrinsic rate of increase in number (rm), in the finite rate of increase (λ), in the average interval between generations (IMG), in the doubling time (TD), in the number of eggs/ female/day and the accumulated egg laying of F1 females of L. sativae. The products SiO2/F and K2SiO3/F gave the tomato a protective effect against injuries caused by L. sativae.

A review of the larval host plants of the family Gelechiidae in Korea is provided. The data is mostly based on results of the survey on the larval host plants for the lepidopteran species by the second author since 2008, and a part of them is from the previous data by the first author and co-authors (Park 1983, 1991; Park et al. 2020, 2021; Park & Ponomarenko 2007). Of the 53 listed species of Gelechiidae in the present study, larval host plants for the 7 known species of Gelechiidae are reported for the first time (Table 1). Also, 21 species which the host plants are newly recognized from Korea in this study are listed in the Table 2.

During the campaign of 2018 the international underwater archaeological expedition has explored the waters of Tendra Spit and Kinburn Spit on the shelf of the Black Sea, in Mykolaiv and Kherson regions of Ukraine. Underwater archaeological exploration focused on the waters near the northern tip of Tendra Spit, from both the Gulf of Tendra and the sea, and north-western tip of Kinburn Spit. In addition to the visual reconnaissance, divers were using sonar, profiler and side-scan sonar. As a result, the bathymetric map has been compiled. In the initial part of research the work was limited to mapping and taking photographs of the discoveries. During these works was discovered and cleansed the ancient Shipwreck of the late 4th — early 3rd century BC. It was possible to identify the well-preserved fragment of the hull of ancient Wreck of a length of 9.45 m in situ with ballast stones, ceramic material from the cargo, lead plating and him constructions elements. After clearing of the sand from the preserved part of the ship hull with the help of a hydro injector the video and photo documentation was carried out. As a result of these works, large-scale photo mosaic of the object and its 3D-model were made. The condition of the wooden hull is excellent, the technological holes, connections, bronze and iron nails are preserved. Outside of Ukraine several shipwrecks of the same period are attested. The best studied are the following: shipwreck of the 3rd century BC at Grand Congloue, France; the Mazotos shipwreck of the 4th century BC in Cyprus; the Porticello shipwreck of the end of the 5th or beginning of the 4th century BC in Italy; the Alonnisos shipwreck from the end of the 5th century BC, Greece; the Kyrenia shipwreck from the end of the 4th — beginning of the 3rd centuries BC in Cyprus. In the Black Sea, in 2011 a shipwreck from the end of the 4th — beginning of the 3rd centuries BC near Eregli, Turkey (ancient Herakleia Pontica) was discovered by a deep-sea expedition of the research vessel «Nautilus» under the direction of Michael Brennan at a depth of 101 m. Most of the known merchant ships of this period were small, ranging from 12 to 17 m (table). Boris Peters provides a reconstruction sketch of the Lake Donuzlav ship of the late 4th — early 3rd centuries BC. It is almost identical to the reconstruction of the Kyrenia merchant ship, based on its hull which was preserved by 75 %, The replica named «Kyrenia 2» was built and made several voyages. It can be assumed that the Kinburn Spit ship found in 2018 was of similar appearance but further research will provide more detailed information.

Vitis shizishanensis (Vitaceae), a new species from Hubei, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to V. flexuosa and V. bryoniifolia, but differs in leaf lobing and pubescence. It can be easily distinguished from the two species based on its glabrous or with very sparse arachnoid tomentum on the abaxial mature leaf surface, and its unlobed to 3–7 lobed leaves. A detailed description, along with photographs for the new species, and a table for morphological comparisons with similar Vitis species, are also provided.

Located in the southwest of Benin, the study environment consists of Lake Ahémé, the Ahô channel, the Tihimey channel, the coastal lagoons of Grand-Popo and Ouidah. The mouth of Avlo-plage makes the area an Estuarine Lagoon environment rich in ichthyofaunal biodiversity where fishing, the main activity of the populations, is practiced with various gears and techniques which are inventoried and described in this study. The methodological approach adopted revolves around documentary research, field surveys through questionnaires and interviews and direct observations. The people interviewed are made up of fishermen; fish wholesalers; agents specializing in fishery production. The study environment was subdivided into 19 observation stations and the data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019. The gears were illustrated by photos and described according to the results of the documentary research and information received from the fishermen. Their variations according to the bodies of water and the stations were calculated using the Excel 2017 table. The drawn meshes of the nets were measured to the nearest millimeter. The study shows that the inventoried fishing gears and techniques include nets, lines, pots, Acadjas and trap dams (Xhas), categorized into 12 gears and 02 techniques, of which 86% are constant and 14% are accessories. Gbagbaloulou conical nets dominate the gear while the landing net is the least represented. The smallest mesh measured is 2mm, while the largest mesh is 25mm. The fishing gear and techniques used do not ensure rational and sustainable management of fishery resources. Faced with the damage they are causing, the Government proceeded to their systematic removal. Snail farming was initiated to diversify the activities of fishermen.

A great number of Maya hieroglyphic texts consisted of a series of dated events connected by counts of days between them. These counts of days were represented by so-called Distance Numbers (hereafter DNs), which added or subtracted specific numbers of days to link important dates and associated events. On certain occasions, the intervals represented by the DNs conformed to numerical-calendric or astronomical cycles. The Maya timekeepers of Palenque used DNs representing the multiples of 11960 days, which identified with the Dresden Codex Eclipse Table seem to evoke eclipse cycles. In this paper, I will argue that they should be treated as intervals to compute the Lunar Series rather than eclipse cycles.

Работа посвящена совершенствованию методологических основ оценки сульфитосвязывающей способности сухих белых столовых вин. Предложена и экспериментально подтверждена математическая модель связывания сернистой кислоты компонентами вина. Разработана оригинальная методика оценки сульфитосвязывающей способности белых столовых вин и методология ее применения для технологических расчетов при сульфитации вин. The work is concerned with improving the methodological basis for assessing the sulfite-binding capability of dry white table wines. A mathematical model of binding the sulfurous acid by wine components has been proposed and experimentally confirmed. An original method for assessing the sulfite-binding capability of white table wines and a methodology of its application for technological calculations in the process of wine sulfiting has been developed.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential of feeding laying hens with ground flax, a combination of flax cake and flax oil in the production of eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. The experiment was set up using 192 laying hens divided into 4 groups: the control group; a group fed with flaxseed cake (10%) + flaxseed oil (2%); a group fed with 5% ground flax, and a group fed with 10% ground flax. Each group had 8 cages housing 6 laying hens, that is, a total of 48 laying hens per group. The Haugh unit values, fat content, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, yolk color parameters and yolk fat content were measured at the end of 5th and 10th weeks of the trial. The results of this study showed that omega-3 enriched dietary treatments had an impact on the results obtained for the amount of total fat in the yolk, and the results of the TBARS test. The results presented show that the average amounts of alpha linoleic (ALA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids in egg yolk were influenced by the nutritional treatments, i.e. the laying hens that were fed with mixtures enriched with 5% and 10% ground flaxseed, as well as 10% flaxseed cake + 2% flaxseed oil, had significantly (P, Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti potencijal prehrane nesilica mljevenim lanenim sjemenkama i kombinacijom lanene pogače i lanenog ulja u proizvodnji jaja obogaćenih omega-3 masnim kiselinama. Istraživanje je provedeno na 192 nesilice podijeljene u 4 skupine: kontrolnu skupinu, skupinu hranjenu lanenom pogačom (10 %) i lanenim uljem (2 %), skupinu hranjenu s 5 % mljevenih lanenih sjemenki i skupinu hranjenu s 10 % mljevenih lanenih sjemenki. Svaka je skupina imala 8 nastambi s kavezima u kojima je bilo po 6 nesilica, ukupno 48 nesilica po skupini. Vrijednosti Haugh-ovih jedinica, sadržaj masti, vrijednosti reaktivne tvari tiobarbiturične kiseline (TBARS), pokazatelji boje žumanca i sadržaj masti žumanca izmjereni su na kraju 5. i 10. tjedna istraživanja. Rezultati su pokazali da je dijetna prehrana obogaćena omega-3 masnim kiselinama utjecala na ukupnu količinu masnoća u žumancu i TBARS test. Također, prehrana obogaćena omega-3 masnim kiselinama utjecala je na prosječnu količinu alfa-linoleične (ALA) i dokozaheksaenske (DHA) masne kiseline u žumancu. Nesilice koje su bile hranjene mješavinom obogaćenom s 5 % i 10 % mljevenih lanenih sjemenki, kao i 10 % lanene pogače i 2 % lanenog ulja, imale su znakovito veću (P < 0,05) količinu ALA-e i DHA-a u žumancu u usporedbi s nesilicama u kontrolnoj skupini.

The genus Bryoporus Kraatz is reported for the first time in the Korean peninsula. Two species are recognized [Bryoporus gracilis (Sharp) and B. friebi (Scheerpeltz)]. Redescriptions, a comparison table, and illustrations of habitus photographs and diagnostic characters of these two Korean Bryoporus species are provided to facilitate identification.

The Oued Souf free aquifer located in the South East of Algeria represents the main water resource used mostly for urban and agricultural activities. The intensive use of chemical fertilizers has led to serious environmental problems such as contamination of the free aquifer in the region. Thus, aquifer vulnerability has been assessed using several different methods (DRASTIC, GOD, and the Susceptibility Index ‘SI’) based on a geographic information system (GIS). For each method, two vulnerability maps have been developed in the years 2002 and 2012. These maps show that the study area is more exposed to urban, and especially agricultural, pollution. Two classes of vulnerability (moderate and high) have been identified by both DRASTIC and GOD methods. A combined analysis reveals that the moderate class showing 48% (for the GOD method), and the high class showing 57% (for the DRASTIC method) are the most dominant. However, the Susceptibility Index method (SI) revealed that the vulnerability varies from moderate to very high-level classes. In 2012, about of 53% of the study area was dominated by moderate vulnerability classes. The high vulnerability class also includes a considerable part of the land (41%) around urban or strongly agricultural areas, while only 6% is under very high vulnerability groundwater contamination. In addition, a marked decrease in the vulnerability level was noticed in 2012 compared to 2002. This decrease is mainly due to the lowering of the water table after the installation of a vertical drainage network to evacuate the surplus water to the depression and Chotts areas in the North of the region. These results provide a guide for decision-makers involved in the protection of groundwater pollution in such a vulnerable area.

Seedlessness is one of the most desirable traits for table and raisin grapes. Stenospermocarpic cultivars are desirable because they have large berries with superior quality. Embryo rescue techniques have been widely used to get progeny seedling populations from crosses using seedless mother plants. Selection of the female parent, sampling time, and the growth medium are the most crucial to the success of this technique. This study investigated the effect of best sampling time and media composition on embryo rescue efficiency in a cold-hardy hybrid grape breeding program. We sampled ovules 5 to 9 weeks after flowering, and we tested four media compositions. The greatest percentages of embryo germination and normal seedlings were obtained when ovules were harvest at 8 weeks after flowering, indicating that it is suitable to harvest ovules at veraison, when the extraction of ovules is easier as a result of softer berry flesh. For the media composition experiment, all ovules were harvested at 8 weeks after flowering. Nitsch & Nitsch culture medium had very low germination, and the resulting seedlings performed the lowest compared with the other treatments. Lloyd & McCown Woody Plant Basal Medium (WPM) increased the number of embryos germinated significantly, and a number of normal seedlings and plantlets developed. Although there was no significant difference among the other three media containing WPM supplemented with different doses of plant regulators, the WPM Plus medium [with cytokinin (6-benzlaminopurine), indole-3-butyric acid, gibberellin, and casein hydrolysate] promoted the greatest percentage of established plants (46.98%). Therefore, the 8-weeks-after-flowering harvest time and the WPM Plus medium were selected for use in the embryo rescue protocol at the University of Minnesota grape breeding program.

In the last five decades, Rare Earth Elements (REE) are mostly produced from carbonatite complexes and alkaline magmatic environments. In this respect, pyroclastic flows produced by the potassic-alkaline Golcuk volcanism in the Isparta (SW, Turkey) angle stand out as an important target area where REE enrichments can be observed. This study focuses on the REE potential, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE-bearing minerals as well as formation modeling of unconsolidated pyroclastic flows in Daridere-Direkli-Yakaoren (DDY) deposits in Turkey. REE-bearing minerals of DDY deposits which contain abundant trachytic-trachyandesitic rock fragments were determined as fluorapatite, britholite, and chevkinite by using XRD and SEM-EDX analyses. According to the geochemical analysis, the vast majority of sigma REE (up to 996 ppm) content is LREE such as La, Ce and Nd. Daridere is the most REE enriched region followed by Yakaoren and Direkli regions in terms of LREE (574.9 ppm), relative to MREE (38.5 ppm) and HREE (5.28 ppm) contents. These results are also on par with subduction-related Italian extrusive carbonatites such as Polino, Cupaello and San Venenzo. The DDY deposits can also be comparable with intraplate extrusive REE deposits in terms of LREE enrichments, however, HREE, Nb, Th and Zr values are generally lower. The sigma REE concentrations tend to rise with the increasing contents of alkaline elements (Na and K), HFSE (such as Nb and U), as well as LILE (Ba, Sr and Rb) and are negatively affected by sedimentary carbonate involvement. The economic value of the DDY deposits can gain importance due to the increasing global demand for LREE's.

Tectonic interpretation of the central Sierra Nevada—whether the crest of the Sierra Nevada (California, USA) was uplifted in the late Cenozoic or whether the range has undergone continuous down-wearing since the Late Cretaceous—is controversial, since there is no obvious tectonic explanation for renewed uplift. The strongest direct evidence for late Cenozoic uplift of the central Sierra Nevada comes from study of the Trachyandesite of Kennedy Table, which followed the course of the Miocene San Joaquin River but has a steeper gradient than the modern river. Early workers attributed this steeper gradient to tilting of the Sierra Nevada block since the late Miocene, resulting in 2 km of range-crest uplift. However, this interpretation has been contested on grounds that the Miocene river gradient had to be assumed and that the Sierran Batholith could have warped during tilting, thus failing to uplift the range crest. The objective of this study was to obtain quantitative data that test these criticisms. The Trachyandesite of Kennedy Table is a chain of 33 remnants of a single lava flow as thick as 65 m, preserved for 21 km from Squaw Leap to Little Dry Creek, close to the modern San Joaquin River in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Several remnants lie on fluvial gravel of the late Miocene San Joaquin River. Early workers speculated that the lava concealed its own (unrecognized) vent, but in 2011, we identified the vent on the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River, 13.5 km south of Deadman Pass and 70 km northeast of Kennedy Table. The vent complex intrudes Cretaceous granite, has 285 m relief, and is an intricately jointed intrusion that grades up into a glassy lava flow. Composition (58% SiO2) and 40Ar/39Ar age (9.3 Ma) are identical at the vent and downstream. Basal elevations of remnants were recorded, and the present-day basal gradients of several were adjusted for apparent dip and projected along a vertical plane at 220° (the estimated tilt azimuth). The basal gradients are far steeper than that of the modern river, but they differ slightly from reach to reach and are thus inconsistent measures of the post-Miocene tilt. Likewise, relief eroded atop most remnants renders modeling of upper surfaces suspect. At Little Dry Creek, however, a chain of nine remnants rests on fluvial floodplain sand and gravel; this chain trends 230°, and its smooth basal contact now dips 1.36° (adjusted at 220°). Projection of this dip 89 km from the 207 m base of the most distal remnant at Little Dry Creek to the vent intrusion falls far below the 2760 m intrusion-to-lava-flow transition near the Sierran crest, showing that the Sierran block has not undergone pronounced convex warping. Using elevation data on paleoriver meanders preserved by the lava flow, we show that the paleogradient has a cosine dependence on meander-section azimuth, indicating tilting. Subtraction of 1.07° of dip restores the data to an azimuth-independent configuration, indicating total tilting since 9.3 Ma of 1.07° and an original large-scale gradient of 0.46°, similar to the published value of 0.33° at Squaw Leap, but larger than the previously obtained value of 0.057° at Little Dry Creek. Subtraction of those Miocene estimates from the observable 1.643° tilt along the section from Little Dry Creek to the vent yields vent uplift of 2464 m (for 0.057°), 1835 m (for 0.46°), and 2040 m (for 0.33°). Confirmation of earlier assumptions regarding Miocene river gradient and block rigidity greatly strengthens the case for ~2 km of late Cenozoic uplift of the central Sierra Nevada crest.

Oxidative stability is an important factor considered by those in the peanut manufacturing industry. Product stability has been shown to increase up to seven-fold when high-oleic peanuts are used. The percentage of US crop that is high-oleic continues to increase, but many producers are reluctant to grow high-oleic cultivars due to the uncertainty of the high-oleic effect on agronomic traits, such as seed germination, yield and grade. Experiments were designed and conducted to examine the effect of the high oleic trait on peanut seed germination in field plots and in the laboratory on a thermal gradient table. Genotypes used in these experiments included cultivars or breeding lines from each peanut market-type along with their near-isogenic, high oleic counterparts. Field emergence, or germination, was recorded in the field in 4 geographically different regions, as well as in the laboratory on a thermal gradient table. Thermal gradient table experimental results demonstrated a lag in germination in high oleic genotypes compared to their normal oleic counterparts in all market-types, but the effect was lowest in the runner-type pair. Results from these experiments increase the understanding of the agronomic properties of high-oleic peanut cultivars and could influence the modification of standard protocols used by state agencies to test high-oleic peanut germination for registered seed quality labeling. Furthermore, this study indicates that although producers may experience delayed germination from high oleic seed compared to low oleic counterparts, this germination lag is overcome by 21 days post-planting and does not negatively impact the agronomical performance of high oleic cultivars.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between oceanographic factors and the catch of tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and to determine the potential fishing zone (ZPPI) in the waters of the Gulf of Bone. The data collection method is carried out by literature study and field observation study by taking coordinate points and measuring oceanographic parameters. The types of data collected were temperature, salinity, currents, and tuna catches. Data were analyzed using GIS software with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and ANOVA test. This research was conducted in Bone Bay Waters in October-November 2018. The results showed that the highest catch based on sea surface temperature was in the range of 32°C with a total yield of 1207.5 kg, the highest net based on salinity was in the field of 34‰, namely as much as 836.5 kg, and the highest catch is based on a current speed of 0.04 m/sec, which is as much as 334.5 kg. Based on the ANOVA table, the significance value of the effect of temperature (X1), salinity (X2), and current (X3) simultaneously on the tuna catch (Y) is 0.0425Ftabel (5.960>4,75) which means that there is a significant effect of oceanographic parameters on the tuna catch. Overlay analysis of oceanographic parameters shows potential areas for Euthynnus affinis is located most of the waters of Sinjai to the south of the Sembilan Island to the outside of Bone Bay.

Reasonable estimation of the project quantity in the feasibility study stage of mountain highway project is one of the basis for the preparation of investment estimation. Combined with the practical work for many years, the content and method of the temporary project, safety measures and other engineering quantity table in feasibility study stage of the highway project in Chongqiu District of mountain are introduced. Taking the calculation of the temporary project of Ningxiang expressway as an example, the basic method of calculation of the maintenance and restoration of the construction access road, the bridge and the original road in mountainous area is analyzed. The author concludes that the influence of geological conditions, topography and original traffic facilities should be considered comprehensively when preparing the temporary engineering quantity table.

Fertilization is a limiting factor in plant development and indirectly affects the population density of phytophagous insects. This study tested the performance of the aphid Rhodobium porosum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three rose cultivars exposed to two nutrient solutions in subsurface 'ebb and flow' irrigation systems in greenhouse. The performance of R. porosum was determined by means of the life table and fertility. Both cultivar and fertilization affected many life history and population traits of the aphid. The lower insect fertility and survival were observed in the nutrient solution usually recommended for fruit-type vegetables and on the 'Tineke' rose cultivar, because this combination caused lower net reproductive rate R0 (0.52 female), finite rate of increase λ (0.9469 female/day), innate capacity to increase in number rm (-0.0516 female/female/day), as well as longer time interval between each generation T (16.62 days). The lowest performance of the R. porosum on 'Tineke' rose cultivated in the nutrient solution 1 suggests that this seems to be the best combination to reduce problems with aphid attack in soilless rose cultivation.

Elmas sırtlı güve Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Brassicaeous bitkilerinin dünya çapında önemli bir zararlısıdır. Yaş-evre ve iki cinsiyetli yaşam parametrelerinin belirlenmesi, daha etkili kontrol stratejileri geliştirmek için önemlidir. Bununla birlikte, P. xylostella'nın gelişimi için en uygun konukçunun belirlenmesi de kritiktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı konukçularda biyolojik özelliklerinin incelenerek en uygun konukçuyu belirlemek ve yaş-evre iki-cinsiyetli yaşam parametrelerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. GGE Biplot analizleri, biyolojik özellikler ve farklı konukçular kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Two-Sex MSChart programı, yaş-evre ve iki-cinsiyetli yaşam tablosu parametreleri için kullanılmıştır. GGE Biplot analizlerinde, P. xylostella için en uygun konukçu karnabahar olarak belirlenmiştir. GRR ve R0 karnabaharda daha yüksek (106,25±27,56 ve 96,88±25,59 nesil/birey) kanolada (22,93±10,18 ve 15,76±6,79 nesil/birey) daha düşüktür. λ değeri ve r, kara lahanada (1.27±0.02 ve 0.24±0.02 gün) daha yüksek iken, beyaz lahana (1.13±0.01 ve 0.12±0.01 gün) ve kanolada (1.13±0.03 ve 0.12±0.02 gün) azalmıştır. En yüksek günlük yumurta bırakma (mx) karnabaharda (18.47 adet) ve en düşük kara lahanadadır (3.05 adet). Sunulan sonuçlar, Brassicaeous bitkilerindeki popülasyon yoğunluğunun ve zararının tahmin edilmesi ve yeni mücadele stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde yararlı olacaktır., The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important worldwide pest of Brassicaeous plants. Determining age-stage and two-sex life parameters are important to development more effective control strategies. However, it is also crucial to determine the preffered host for the larval rearing of P. xylostella. The aim of this work is to investigate the preffered Brassicaeous plant by examining the biological characteristics on different hosts and to reveal age-stage and two-sex life parameters. GGE Biplot analyzes were created using the biological characteristics and the different hosts. Two-Sex MSChart program is used to report age-stage and two-sex life table parameters. In GGE Biplot analyzes, suitable host for P. xylostella was determined as cauliflower. GRR and R0 were the higher in cauliflower (106.25±27.56 and 96.88±25.59 offspring/individual) and less in canola (22.93±10.18 and 15.76±6.79 offspring/individual). λ value and r were higher in collard (1.27±0.02 and 0.24±0.02 days) while decreased in white cabbage (1.13±0.01 and 0.12±0.01 days) and canola (1.13±0.03 and 0.12±0.02 days). The highest daily fecundity (mx) was on cauliflower (18.47 eggs) and on collard (3.05 eggs) as lowest. The presented results will be useful in estimating population density and the damages to Brassicaeous plants in order to develop new management strategies.

The use of saline water is an alternative for irrigating agricultural crops, especially in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region, where water quality is limited in most cases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of table beet cv. “Wonder” irrigated with saline waters under the application of humic substances. The experiment was conducted under a randomized block design, with six replications in a 6 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to six electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-¹, four humic substances rates (HS) (0; 10; 20 and 30 ml per plant), and five stages of assessment (23, 38, 53, 68 and 83 days after emergency). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content (a, b and total), stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis and CO2 internal concentration, and in the soil, the soil pH and the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract. The increase of salinity reduced growth, chlorophyll a content, and the stomatal conductance of beet plants. The application rate of 30 ml per plant of humic substances promotes an increase in stomatal conductance. The application of humic substances raises the pH in sandy acidic soils. It is recommended to irrigate table beet plants with water of 0.5 dS m-1 associated with the application of 30 mL per plant of humic substances

This paper discusses known mathematical equalities and inequalities found within life tables and proceeds to identify two new inequalities. The first (theorem 1) is that at any given age x, the sum of mean years lived and mean years remaining exceeds life expectancy at birth when age is greater than zero and less than the maximum lifespan. The second inequality (theorem 2) applies to the entire population and shows that the sum of mean years lived and mean years remaining exceeds life expectancy at birth. Illustrations of the two inequalities are provided as well as a discussion.

The waste problem has become a serious problem, especially in big cities, not only in Indonesia, but throughout the world. Waste production that continues to increase along with population growth, changes in consumption patterns, people's lifestyles has increased the amount of waste piles, types and diversity of waste characteristics. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the disposal of waste from the Darfuar traditional market in Biak Numfor Regency. This type of research is a quantitative analytic which tries to explore and why health phenomena occur, with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were 234 respondents. The sample in this study were 147 respondents, where the sampling was random sampling. The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained the value of X2 count = 4.506 (X2 table = 3.841), the value of ? = 0.039. Thus the calculated X2 is greater than the X2 table or ? = 0.039 is smaller than ? = 0, the X2 count = 6.835 (X2 table = 3.841), the value ? = 0.015. Thus X2 count is greater than X2 table or ? = 0.015 is smaller than ? = 0.05, the value of X2count = 9.093 (X2 table = 3.841), the value of ? = 0.004. Thus X2 count is greater than X2 table or ? = 0.004 smaller than ? = 0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is an influence between waste facilities on Darfuar Market Waste Disposal in Biak Numfor Regency in 2020.

The process of pickling cheeses is an important industrial operation that actively affects proteolytic transformations with a ripening of cheese mass. The correction of the mass fraction of table salt in cheese mass allows adjusting the activity of the development of lactic acid microorganisms of a starter in it, which greatly affects the formation of sensorial, physical and chemical parameters of the finished product. Determination of the mass fraction of the table salt is an integral part of techno-chemical control of cheese production and requires significant promptness. Standardized methods for determining the mass fraction of the table salt in cheese mass are associated with time consuming laboratory studies (“Method with the silver nitrate”, “Method with a cationite”, etc.). The method of determining the content of table salt in the cheese mass of hard cheeses, this method having been approved in the department of butter and cheese making of the Institute of Food Resources NAAS, is based on the results of potentiometric measurements with the subsequent calculation according to the empirical formula and is reliable and not time consuming

This contribution is the first of a series of publications by the authors to systematically disclose the wealth of material evidence collected during some 30 years of fieldwork in the Pontine region by the Pontine Region Project. This project has, since its inception in the mid-1980s, investigated more than 36 km2 of terrain across all major geomorphological units of the region, largely by means of systematic surface investigations. During these investigations, close to 200 000 artefacts were collected for further study, including c. 1 660 fragments of (Italian) terra sigillata, the emblematic, shiny red fine table ware of the Early Imperial period. In this article, we present a detailed spatial and contextual analysis of the terra sigillata fragments that have been gathered within the Pontine Region Project and discuss the results in light of economic issues (market integration, economic growth). We then supplement this evidence by published evidence of name stamps from surrounding areas to further expose to what extent, and in what ways, the different parts of southern Latium were embedded in the long-distance economic networks of the period.

Girdling is an ancient agronomic technique that causes a change in the distribution of photosynthates, mineral nutrients and plant hormones. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of girdli...

In the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the permafrost table has a significant effect on the stability of geotechnical engineering. The thermal boundaries and soil properties are the key factors affecting the permafrost table. Complex geological environments and human activities can lead to the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties. In this paper, an array of field experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of thermal boundaries and soil properties are carried out. The coefficient of variation (COV), scale of fluctuation (SOF), and autocorrelation distance (ACD) of uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties are investigated. A stochastic analysis method of the probabilistic permafrost table is then proposed, and the statistical properties of permafrost table on the QTP are computed by self-compiled program. The proposed stochastic analysis method is verified with the calculated and measured temperature observations. According to the relationship between ACD and SOF for the five theoretical autocorrelation functions (ACFs), the effects of ACF, COV, and ACD of soil properties and the COV of thermal boundaries on the permafrost tables are analyzed. The results show that the effects of different ACFs of soil properties on the standard deviation (SD) of permafrost table depth are not obvious. The SD of permafrost table depth increases with time, and the larger the COVs of thermal boundaries and soil properties, the deeper the SD of permafrost table; the longer the ACD of soil properties, the shallower the SD of permafrost table. This study can provide a reference for the stability analysis of geotechnical engineering on the QTP considering the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties.

In Hungary, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) can be considered as the most important fast-growing, stand-forming introduced tree species. Due to its positive growing technological characteristics as well as wood utilization possibilities, at the present, black locust is the most widely planted tree species in Hungary, covering 25% of the country’s total forest area. One of the important tasks ahead of Hungarian black locust growers is to improve the quality of black locust stands with introducing selected cultivars. For the estimation of the growth rate and yield a numerical yield table has been constructed on the basis of surveys of the experimental plots established in pure,managed ’Nyirségi’ ,’Üllői’ and ’Jászkiséri’ black locust cultivars’ plantations which can be suitable for sawlogs production. In the course of 56 stand surveys the key stand characteristics were measured, and then, were reconsidered the average height, diameter (DBH), volume, basal area and stem number given separately for the main (remaining), secondary (removal) and total stands per hectare. The programmable editing procedure allows to extention and formal change of information content of the yield table according to different demands.

A new parabathynellid bathynellacean species, Hangangbathynella mihoensissp. nov., was found in the groundwater of the Geumgang River in South Korea. This is the first report of Hangangbathynella from a tributary of the Geumgang River. All previously-reported species were found in the Hangang River and the origins of the two rivers are distinct from each other. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the two-segmented mandibular palp and the absence of epipods on thoracopod II. In this study, we provide a description of the new species and an identification table for the genus Hangangbathynella. In addition, we obtained partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene for DNA barcoding.

The presence of mycorrhizae can reduce the level of poisoning caused by heavy metals in post-mining land and support plant growth. Post-mining land is generally only a few types of mycorrhizae that can adapt, especially post-mining land. This research was conducted to determine the presence, types and distribution of mycorrhizae as well as the relationship between soil depth and mycorrhizal distribution and soil chemical properties at various depths in the rhizosphere of bull grass as the dominant vegetation in post-coal mining land. The results showed that there were arbuscular mycorrhizae at each soil depth with different population density levels, namely 273 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 0 - 10 cm (K10); 239 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 10 – 20 cm (K20) and 155 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 20 – 30 cm (K30). The arbuscular mycorrhizae found at all soil depths are of the same type, which is included in the genus Glomus. Soil depth with the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal distribution (r count -0.7754> r table -0.4973) has a very strong relationship and with soil pH (r count -0.6309> r table -0.4973) has a strong relationship. The number of distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae with soil pH (r count 0.5943> r table 0.4973) has a strong relationship

The research was aimed to evaluate differences on growth and yield of two shallot varieties under several levels of soil water table. It was conducted in experimental field and plastic house of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sriwijaya for three months in 2019. Materials used were shallot bulb from Tajuk and Pancasona varieties and biochar originated from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Factorial Randomized Block Design was used with two treatment factors and three replicates. First treatment was 2 shallot variety consisting Tajuk and Pancasona variety. Second treatment was level of soil water table including T0= 0 cm below soil surface; T1= 10 cm below soil surface; T2= 15 cm below soil surface; and T3= 20 cm below soil surface. The observed parameters consisted of plant height, leaf number, tiller number, total bulb fresh weight, bulb fresh weight, bulb dry weight, bulb number, bulb diameter, and root length. Results showed that shallot growth of Pancasona and Tajuk variety was highly affected by levels of soil water table. It was then concluded that Pancasona variety showed better growth performance and yield compared to Tajuk variety. The deeper soil water table reaching 20 cm below soil surface can reduce growth and yield of shallot.

Permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP) are being used increasingly in stormwater management. A 2-year experimental study was conducted to quantify some uncertain parameters related to PICP. The study entailed the hydraulic testing of a representative volume of PICP within a specially constructed Infiltration Table Apparatus with a surface area of 10 m2, and able to be tilted up to 6°. The study aimed to address some of the controls of infiltration into, and flow through PICP by investigating the effect of the selected construction materials and the incline of the pavements. Based on the permeability data gained on PICP, it was verified that both the choice of construction materials (in both the layer works and the sand used for fill between the bricks) and the incline of the pavements were found to affect their hydraulic properties. In general, the selection of lower permeability materials in a PICP surface layer, and/or increasing the incline, decrease the overall permeability of the pavement.

The characteristics of fresh underground waters of the Altai Republic are given. The typification of these waters has been carried out. The features of the physical and chemical composition of natural table waters of Gorny Altai and the prospects for their use are shown.

Spontaneous fermentation with autochthonous yeasts is the most traditional method used for the production of black table olives, which requires minimal intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding a brine starter, developed from one-year spontaneously fermented black table olives, on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of naturally fermented Taggiasca table olives. The olives were fermented in brine containing 12% (w/v) NaCl with 0.6% (w/v) citric acid and inoculated with a selected brine starter containing primarily Pichia manshurica (87% predominance) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10% predominance). Brine and olives samples were analysed at the start of the experiment and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of fermentation. The P. manshurica and S. cerevisiae present in the brine starter drove the entire fermentation process, along with other autochthonous species that were not included in the starter, including Zygosaccharomyces mrakii. Spoilage microorganisms and undesired off-odours and off-flavours were not present at the end of fermentation. When compared to the control, the use of the brine starter increased the total yeast population in the brine during the first 6 months of fermentation, thus shortening the debittering time of the fruits and improving the taste complexity of the final product.

11 Páginas.-- 3 Figuras.-- 2 Tablas, hermal treatment of pasteurisation is the most widely used stabilisation method for packed green table olives. In the present work, the influence of pasteurisation on the composition of volatile compounds in packed Spanish-style green table olives was studied. To this aim, two thermal processes (P1 = 85 °C for 7 min; P2 = 85 °C for 15 min) were evaluated by comparing the contents of volatile compounds in pasteurised olives with those in unpasteurised olives. Volatiles were analysed, both in olive juice and cover brine, by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both pasteurisation treatments caused significant increases in diverse ethyl and methyl esters and in volatile compounds derived from several chemical reactions (lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction, degradation of carotenoids). Significant differences between samples subjected to P1 and P2 were only found for 1-octen-3-ol, pentanal and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one in olive juice., European Regional Development Fund Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Grant Number: AGL2014-54048-R

Fear of humans and its effect on animal behavior is increasingly being recognized as an important structuring force in ecological landscapes, with consequences for ecological interactions and communities. When aggressive, physically dominant species are displaced by anthropogenic disturbance, physically weaker species exploit competitor and predator downtimes to forage in previously risky places. Birds feeding at outdoor restaurants and cafés in association with humans are exposed to fluctuating levels of perceived danger caused by frequently changing densities of human diners. Consequently, birds must make decisions about which dining tables to visit based on trade-offs between foraging gain and perceived danger from avian competitors and humans. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in response to perceived danger, combined with varying densities of human diners, dynamically alter which bird species predominates at dining tables. We found that house sparrows (Passer domesticus) tolerated higher human diner-densities than larger-sized, more physically dominant Eurasian jackdaws (Coloeus monedula). Sparrows were usually the first birds to visit diner-occupied tables and spent more time there than jackdaws. However, at diner-abandoned tables, this pattern changed: During low diner-densities at surrounding tables, jackdaws were usually the predominant species in first visits and minutes spent visiting, while at high diner-densities sparrows usually predominated. Moreover, along a gradient of increasing human diner-density, sparrows gradually replaced jackdaws as the predominant species in first visits and time at abandoned tables. However, at diner-occupied tables, once a sparrow chose which table to visit, factors other than diner-density influenced its choice of where to forage there (table-top or ground). To our knowledge, our research is the first scientific study of table-visiting behavior by birds at outdoor restaurants and cafés, and the first to reveal interspecific differences in table-visiting behavior by birds there.

This research is aimed to identify the marine debris types and their distribution based on morphological characteristic of the coastal area. It was conducted between Pantai Depok and Pantai Parangtritis, Yogyakarta. Specifically, the morphological identification was carried out to characterize the morphology of the location under study and its relation to the distribution of existing marine debris. This research used survey method, accompanied by systematic sampling techniques. Perpendicular line transects created in 100 meters intervals, accompanied by a 1x1 meter grid for marine debris identification. Descriptive qualitative analysis was done to explain the spatial temporal aspect of marine debris existence. The results of the study were presented in a cross-section morphological description, analysis table, and a map showing the distribution of marine debris along with a description of the type of debris and its density. The results showed that the distribution of marine debris was spatially clustered on the west side, especially on the coast of Depok. This fact reveals that the distribution of marine debris will indirectly follow the coastal morphology, i.e. the amount of debris will increase if it approaches the river mouth. Temporally, the highest amount of marine debris was obtained in March and the lowest was obtained in July. Degradable marine debris is dominated by wood, while non-degradable is dominated by plastics and straws. The greatest amount of marine debris occured during the west season, which indicates that the supply of debris coming from the Opak River, located in the western part of the study area.

Vegetable roots, including table beets, are valuable, irreplaceable components of a rational human diet. A positive feature of this crop is the good keeping quality of its root crops, which ensures year-round consumption of fresh products. During 2019-2020, research on cultivating varieties and hybrids of table beet was conducted at the experimental irrigated area of the Federal state budgetary INSTITUTION "PAFSC RAS". As a result of the field experience, a high-yielding variety of Ethiopian Was identified, which more economically spent water on the formation of marketable products. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 73.7 m3 / t was obtained in the variant using leaf treatment with Aminovit. The maximum biological yield of 83.3 t / ha for this variety was obtained on the variant with leaf treatment with complex mineral fertilizer Aminovit. With these indicators, the increase to the control was +19.9 t / ha. The commercial yield was 61.3 t / ha, while the percentage of marketability was 74.

The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth information of two pedestal tables (named Table du Sacre and Guéridon Mauresque) designed by Leloy, and kept in the royal collections of Patrimonio Nacional (National Heritage). Despite their differences, they both have some elements in common: not only Sèvres porcelain was used as their main decorative material offering painted historical scenes, but also both of them were gifts from French sovereigns to Spanish monarchs. The two pieces were also displayed in the 19th century at the Louvre Royale Manufactures Exhibitions as an example of the high quality that the Sèvres Manufacture achived. Although the Table du Sacre (table of coronation due to its iconography) is of great interest, the decoration of the Guéridon Mauresque is specially remarkable as it provides an interesting insight between courts. It depicts Boabdil leaving the Alhambra, being directly inspired by the Nasrid Palace (15th century): a piece of furniture depicting a scene of the Spanish Moorish past, was made in France and later offered as a gift to the regent of the Spanish Kingdom María Cristina de Borbón.