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When facing two or more choices， sound decision-making is critical. In the field of clinical medical practice and public health， more and more researchers use decision-making analysis as an important tool to assist in making the optimal choices. Public health emergencies have the characteristics of group cases， sudden and uncertain. In addition to causing serious damage to public health， they may also have varying degrees of impact on socio-economic， psychological and even social stability. At present， we have not seen the application of mature and sound decision analysis in public health emergency response. This paper reviewed the development of decision analysis in the medical field and the application of common decision-making models in clinical practice. Combined with the current situation of global infectious disease outbreaks and prevention and control， this paper puts forward the concepts and prospects of establishing an auxiliary decision-making system for public health emergencies， aiming to provide a scientific method for medical and health workers to respond to public health emergencies.

To establish a disease risk prediction model based on genetic susceptibility genes and environmental risk factors， which can target high-risk population as early as possible， and intervene in the environmental risk factors in this population. Moreover， accurate screening of genetically susceptible populations can enhance the efficiency of health system. In recent years， with the maturation and cost reduction of high-throughput gene testing， gene testing has been widely used in individual clinical decision-making and will play a more important role in medical and health decision-making. The correlation between genetic testing and disease risk prediction is increasing， making it a prominent research topic in this field. This review summarizes the approaches for establishing and evaluating risk prediction models and discusses potential future challenges and opportunities.

Clinical research reports serve as the presentation of scientific research findings and directly reflect the quality of the research. This article describes the writing of different types of clinical research reports， such as observational studies and randomized controlled trial studies， with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials. Each scientific research design has its reporting focus， and the writing of scientific research papers has uniform requirements and a specific writing format. Mastering the proper format of drafting research reports is of practical value and significant importance for conduction high-quality clinical research.

Statistics plays an important role in medical research， and the selection of appropriate statistical methods is crucial for drawing reliable and valuable conclusions. This paper provides a brief introduction to commonly used statistical analysis methods for medical data， covering descriptive analysis， parametric test， nonparametric test， correlation analysis， regression analysis， and analysis of survival data. It focuses on discussing the assumptions of multiple linear regression， logistic regression and Cox proportional risk regression， as well as how to choose the appropriate statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting medical data based on different research objectives and data types.

The continuous development of high-throughput and single-cell sequencing technologies and the emergence of spatial transcriptome sequencing have allowed the continuous discovery of temporal and spatial molecular events in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) to better understand its mechanism of malignant progression. Genetic variations (mutation of APC and P53, etc.) and mismatch repair of DNA, posttranscriptional regulation, such as epigenetic alteration, and dynamic alteration of complex molecular networks have their own special molecules that play key roles. Drug resistance and metastasis in the late stage of CRC progression are closely related to these key molecular events. This article reviews the research progress and explores key molecular events in the malignant progression of CRC to provide scientific basis and ideas for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of CRC and evaluating its prognosis prediction and treatment.

Developing efficient metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) single‐atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is significant for the widespread implementation of Zn‐air batteries, while the synergic design of the matrix microstructure and coordination environment of metal centers remains challenges. Herein, a novel salt effect‐induced strategy is proposed to engineer N and P coordinated atomically dispersed Fe atoms with extra‐axial Cl on interlinked porous carbon nanosheets, achieving a superior single‐atom Fe catalyst (denoted as Fe‐NP‐Cl‐C) for ORR and Zn‐air batteries. The hierarchical porous nanosheet architecture can provide rapid mass/electron transfer channels and facilitate the exposure of active sites. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the distinctive Fe‐N2P2‐Cl active sites afford significantly reduced energy barriers and promoted reaction kinetics for ORR. Consequently, the Fe‐NP‐Cl‐C catalyst exhibits distinguished ORR performance with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.92 V and excellent stability. Remarkably, the assembled Zn‐air battery based on Fe‐NP‐Cl‐C delivers an extremely high peak power density of 260 mW cm−2 and a large specific capacity of 812 mA h g−1, outperforming the commercial Pt/C and most reported congeneric catalysts. This study offers a new perspective on structural optimization and coordination engineering of single‐atom catalysts for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis and energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO2 and producing high‐value chemicals, which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra‐broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands. Herein, the nanorod‐like bimetallic In2O3/Bi2O3 catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi‐MOF precursors. The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi2O3 and In2O3 reduced the activation energy of CO2 to *CO2·− and improved the selectivity of *CO2·− to formate simultaneously. Meanwhile, the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi‐MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission. The catalyst exhibited an ultra‐broad applied potential window of 1200 mV (from −0.4 to −1.6 V vs RHE), relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate (99.92%) and satisfactory stability after 30 h. The in situ FT‐IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO2 molecules, and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway. This work provides a convenient method to construct high‐performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]