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2. Differences in the carcinogenic evaluation of glyphosate between the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Author

Portier, Christopher J, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baguley, Bruce C, Baur, Xaver, Belyaev, Igor, Bellé, Robert, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Biggeri, Annibale, Bosland, Maarten C, Bruzzi, Paolo, Budnik, Lygia Therese, Bugge, Merete D, Burns, Kathleen, Calaf, Gloria M, Carpenter, David O, Carpenter, Hillary M, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Clapp, Richard, Cocco, Pierluigi, Consonni, Dario, Comba, Pietro, Craft, Elena, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Davis, Devra, Demers, Paul A, De Roos, Anneclaire J, DeWitt, Jamie, Forastiere, Francesco, Freedman, Jonathan H, Fritschi, Lin, Gaus, Caroline, Gohlke, Julia M, Goldberg, Marcel, Greiser, Eberhard, Hansen, Johnni, Hardell, Lennart, Hauptmann, Michael, Huang, Wei, Huff, James, James, Margaret O, Jameson, CW, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Kopp-Schneider, Annette, Kromhout, Hans, Larramendy, Marcelo L, Landrigan, Philip J, Lash, Lawrence H, Leszczynski, Dariusz, Lynch, Charles F, Magnani, Corrado, Mandrioli, Daniele, Martin, Francis L, Merler, Enzo, Michelozzi, Paola, Miligi, Lucia, Miller, Anthony B, Mirabelli, Dario, Mirer, Franklin E, Naidoo, Saloshni, Perry, Melissa J, Petronio, Maria Grazia, Pirastu, Roberta, Portier, Ralph J, Ramos, Kenneth S, Robertson, Larry W, Rodriguez, Theresa, Röösli, Martin, Ross, Matt K, Roy, Deodutta, Rusyn, Ivan, Saldiva, Paulo, Sass, Jennifer, Savolainen, Kai, Scheepers, Paul TJ, Sergi, Consolato, Silbergeld, Ellen K, Smith, Martyn T, Stewart, Bernard W, Sutton, Patrice, Tateo, Fabio, Terracini, Benedetto, Thielmann, Heinz W, Thomas, David B, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John E, Vineis, Paolo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weisenburger, Dennis D, Woodruff, Tracey J, Yorifuji, Takashi, Yu, Il Je, Zambon, Paola, Zeeb, Hajo, and Zhou, Shu-Feng

Subjects
Carcinogens, Consumer Product Safety, European Union, Food Safety, Glycine, Herbicides, Humans, International Agencies, Neoplasms, CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Environmental epidemiology, PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY, TOXICOLOGY
Published
2016

6. Characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory measures associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in young and elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted to medical wards in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy: a multicentre retrospective study.

Author

Fiorino, Sirio, Carusi, Andrea, Zappi, Alessandro, Tateo, Fabio, Peruzzo, Luca, Zanardi, Melissa, Savelli, Francesco, Di Marzio, Giulia, Cesaretti, Silvia, Dazzani, Francesca, Francesconi, Raffaella, Leandri, Paolo, Tortorici, Gianfranco, Vicari, Susanna, Melucci, Dora, and Lari, Federico

Abstract

Background and Objectives. A relatively small number of studies have investigated the characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory measures associated with prognosis in patients with COVID-19, admitted to Internal Medicine Units (IMU) in Italy. Therefore, we performed a retrospective multicentre study to identify baseline features, predisposing to severe disease and poor outcomes, in adult individuals with SARS-CoV2 infection, hospitalized in 5 IMUs in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). Materials and Methods. We included 129 consecutive patients (male 75, median age 68 years) from 1st March 2020 to 31st October 2021. Patients’ baseline characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory measures, and outcomes were collected. Results. At admission, the factors significantly associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality included: age (median 68 vs. 83 years in survived vs. dead patients, P=0.000), diabetes [Odds Ratio (OR) 4.00, P=0.016], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 4.60, P=0.022), cancer (OR 5.81, P=0.021), acute- (OR 9.88, P=0.000) and chronicrenal failure (OR 6.76, P=0.004). During the study period, 16 individuals died (12.4%), all over 70 years old. In deceased vs. non-deceased patients were detected: i) more elevated white blood cells and neutrophils-counts and lower lymphocytes count; ii) higher levels of total/direct bilirubin, creatinine, C-reactive-protein, lactate-dehydrogenase, ferritin, but only a slight Interleukin-6 increase; iii) a trend of lower vitamin D values. Conclusions. We proposed a new I index, a modified form of the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, by considering pO2/FiO2 ratio, to better characterize the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, we critically discuss our results with the current assumption which considers COVID-19 as a pathological condition associated with cytokine storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. SARS-CoV-2: lessons from both the history of medicine and from the biological behavior of other well-known viruses

Author

Fiorino, Sirio, primary, Tateo, Fabio, additional, Biase, Dario De, additional, Gallo, Claudio G, additional, Orlandi, Paolo E, additional, Corazza, Ivan, additional, Budriesi, Roberta, additional, Micucci, Matteo, additional, Visani, Michela, additional, Loggi, Elisabetta, additional, Hong, Wandong, additional, Pica, Roberta, additional, Lari, Federico, additional, and Zippi, Maddalena, additional

Published
2021
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9. Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic: A Narrative Review on Lessons and Viewpoints Arising From Both the History of Medicine and From the Biological Behaviour of Other Well-Known Viruses

Author

Fiorino, Sirio, Tateo, Fabio, Biase, Dario De, Gallo, Claudio Giuseppe, Orlandi, Paolo Emilio, Corazza, Ivan, Budriesi, Roberta, Micucci, Matteo, Visani, Michela, Loggi, Elisabetta, Hong, Wandong, Pica, Roberta, Lari, Federico, and Zippi, Maddalena

Subjects
viruses, allergology, virus diseases
Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide. The pathological condition induced by this pathogen is known as COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 associated pandemic has been defined as a “public health emergency of international concern” by the International Health Regulation Emergency Committee of the World Health Organization. To date, considerable efforts are in progress to develop more advanced strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Despite the numerous scientific studies published, our knowledge regarding this pathogen is still incomplete, as this virus has been identified only recently. Therefore, scientific investigation of the SARS-CoV-2 has been possible only for a short period of time and effective management of the serious forms of this disease is still lacking. Considerable efforts are in progress worldwide with the purpose to develop more advanced strategies against this pathogen. In this review, we have analyzed the structural and the biological SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those of other well-known RNA viruses, with the aim to identify possible similarities and analogies between all these pathogens, may be a very useful approach. These infectious agents have been widely studied since several years ago and, a large series of scientific reports are available in the literature regarding this topic. Therefore, focusing on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Influenza viruses (IVs), we have collected their historical data, clinical manifestations, pathogenetic mechanisms and related infections. Taking advantage of the results of our research, we have assembled this narrative review, with the aim to get useful insights and lessons from HIV, HCV and IVs characteristics and, consequently, to transfer the obtained knowledge to the study of SARS-CoV-2 biology. There are well known differences between all these pathogens. In particular, they present a distinct mode of transmission, as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are airborne pathogens, whereas HIV and HCV are bloodborne infectious agents. However, these viruses exhibit some potential common clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms and their understanding may contribute to establishing preventive measures and new therapies against SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, we have analysed and discussed the following points: 1) the biology, the pathogenesis and the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, HIV, HCV and IVs in mankind; 2) the onset and spreading of pandemics caused by respiratory viruses according to a perspective historical point of view; 3) the possible development of a persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoir worldwide; 4) the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection/reactivation; 5) the possible involvement and impact of climatic factors in increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spreading.

Published
2021

11. The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Chattian Stage (Paleogene System, Oligocene Series) at Monte Cagnero, Italy

Author

Coccioni, Rodolfo, Montanari, Alessandro, Bice, David, Brinkhuis, Henk, Deino, Alain, Frontalini, Fabrizio, Lirer, Fabrizio, Maiorano, Patrizia, Monechi, Simonetta, Pross, Jörg, Rochette, Pierre, Sagnotti, Leonardo, Sideri, Marianna, Sprovieri, Mario, Tateo, Fabio, Touchard, Yannick, Van Simaeys, Stefaan, Williams, Graham L., Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, Marine Palynology, Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, and Marine Palynology

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Series (stratigraphy), GSSP, Chattian Stage, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Mediterranean, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, Paleontology, Stratotype, Stratigraphy, Stage (stratigraphy), Section (archaeology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Dinocyst, Paleogene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The GSSP for the base of the Chattian Stage (Paleogene System, Oligocene Series) is defined at meter level 197 in the Monte Cagnero section, which belongs to the pelagic succession of the Umbria-Marche basin (Urbania, central Italy: 43°38′47.81″N-12°28′03.83″E). This level with an astronomical age of 27.82 Ma coincides with the highest common occurrence of the planktonic foraminifer Chiloguembelina cubensis at the base of planktonic foraminiferal O5 Zone and falls in the upper part of calcareous nannofossil NP24 Zone, in the lower part of dinocyst Dbi Zone, and in the lower Chron C9n. The proposal was approved by the International Subcommission of Paleogene Stratigraphy in July 2015, approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy in August 2016, and ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in September 2016.

Published
2018

13. The global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Chattian Stage (paleogene system, oligocene series) at Monte Cagnero, Italy

Author

Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, Marine Palynology, Coccioni, Rodolfo, Montanari, Alessandro, Bice, David, Brinkhuis, Henk, Deino, Alain, Frontalini, Fabrizio, Lirer, Fabrizio, Maiorano, Patrizia, Monechi, Simonetta, Pross, Jörg, Rochette, Pierre, Sagnotti, Leonardo, Sideri, Marianna, Sprovieri, Mario, Tateo, Fabio, Touchard, Yannick, Van Simaeys, Stefaan, Williams, Graham L., Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, Marine Palynology, Coccioni, Rodolfo, Montanari, Alessandro, Bice, David, Brinkhuis, Henk, Deino, Alain, Frontalini, Fabrizio, Lirer, Fabrizio, Maiorano, Patrizia, Monechi, Simonetta, Pross, Jörg, Rochette, Pierre, Sagnotti, Leonardo, Sideri, Marianna, Sprovieri, Mario, Tateo, Fabio, Touchard, Yannick, Van Simaeys, Stefaan, and Williams, Graham L.

Published
2018

15. GEOLOGIA MEDICA

Author

Coccioni, Rodolfo, Tateo, Fabio, and Valera, Paolo

Subjects
geologia medica
Abstract

Medical Geology is an emerging discipline that studies the interactions between geological processes and the health status of living organisms, especially of humans. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to the development of Medical Geology. Natural materials that can be of concern for public health (chemical contaminants, radioactive substances, etc.) but also materials produced by humans and involved into geologic processes, represent a clear example of the geological impact on health. Geologic materials and processes also have beneficial effects on health, and this positive feedback can be a trigger for tourism and specific therapeutic initiatives. The paper provides a general outline of Medical Geology in Italy and in the World, as well as same examples of connections among Geology, Heath and Tourism.

Published
2015

16. Differences in the carcinogenic evaluation of glyphosate between the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Author

Sub ISEP overig, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Organisation Studies, dIRAS RA-2, Portier, Christopher J, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baguley, Bruce C, Baur, Xaver, Belyaev, Igor, Bellé, Robert, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Biggeri, Annibale, Bosland, Maarten C, Bruzzi, Paolo, Budnik, Lygia Therese, Bugge, Merete D, Burns, Kathleen, Calaf, Gloria M, Carpenter, David O, Carpenter, Hillary M, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Clapp, Richard, Cocco, Pierluigi, Consonni, Dario, Comba, Pietro, Craft, Elena, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Davis, Devra, Demers, Paul A, De Roos, Anneclaire J, DeWitt, Jamie, Forastiere, Francesco, Freedman, Jonathan H, Fritschi, Lin, Gaus, Caroline, Gohlke, Julia M, Goldberg, Marcel, Greiser, Eberhard, Hansen, Johnni, Hardell, Lennart, Hauptmann, Michael, Huang, Wei, Huff, James, James, Margaret O, Jameson, C W, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Kopp-Schneider, Annette, Kromhout, Hans, Larramendy, Marcelo L, Landrigan, Philip J, Lash, Lawrence H, Leszczynski, Dariusz, Lynch, Charles F, Magnani, Corrado, Mandrioli, Daniele, Martin, Francis L, Merler, Enzo, Michelozzi, Paola, Miligi, Lucia, Miller, Anthony B, Mirabelli, Dario, Mirer, Franklin E, Naidoo, Saloshni, Perry, Melissa J, Petronio, Maria Grazia, Pirastu, Roberta, Portier, Ralph J, Ramos, Kenneth S, Robertson, Larry W, Rodriguez, Theresa, Röösli, Martin, Ross, Matt K, Roy, Deodutta, Rusyn, Ivan, Saldiva, Paulo, Sass, Jennifer, Savolainen, Kai, Scheepers, Paul T J, Sergi, Consolato, Silbergeld, Ellen K, Smith, Martyn T, Stewart, Bernard W, Sutton, Patrice, Tateo, Fabio, Terracini, Benedetto, Thielmann, Heinz W, Thomas, David B, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John E, Vineis, Paolo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weisenburger, Dennis D, Woodruff, Tracey J, Yorifuji, Takashi, Yu, Il Je, Zambon, Paola, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Shu-Feng, Sub ISEP overig, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Organisation Studies, dIRAS RA-2, Portier, Christopher J, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baguley, Bruce C, Baur, Xaver, Belyaev, Igor, Bellé, Robert, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Biggeri, Annibale, Bosland, Maarten C, Bruzzi, Paolo, Budnik, Lygia Therese, Bugge, Merete D, Burns, Kathleen, Calaf, Gloria M, Carpenter, David O, Carpenter, Hillary M, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Clapp, Richard, Cocco, Pierluigi, Consonni, Dario, Comba, Pietro, Craft, Elena, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Davis, Devra, Demers, Paul A, De Roos, Anneclaire J, DeWitt, Jamie, Forastiere, Francesco, Freedman, Jonathan H, Fritschi, Lin, Gaus, Caroline, Gohlke, Julia M, Goldberg, Marcel, Greiser, Eberhard, Hansen, Johnni, Hardell, Lennart, Hauptmann, Michael, Huang, Wei, Huff, James, James, Margaret O, Jameson, C W, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Kopp-Schneider, Annette, Kromhout, Hans, Larramendy, Marcelo L, Landrigan, Philip J, Lash, Lawrence H, Leszczynski, Dariusz, Lynch, Charles F, Magnani, Corrado, Mandrioli, Daniele, Martin, Francis L, Merler, Enzo, Michelozzi, Paola, Miligi, Lucia, Miller, Anthony B, Mirabelli, Dario, Mirer, Franklin E, Naidoo, Saloshni, Perry, Melissa J, Petronio, Maria Grazia, Pirastu, Roberta, Portier, Ralph J, Ramos, Kenneth S, Robertson, Larry W, Rodriguez, Theresa, Röösli, Martin, Ross, Matt K, Roy, Deodutta, Rusyn, Ivan, Saldiva, Paulo, Sass, Jennifer, Savolainen, Kai, Scheepers, Paul T J, Sergi, Consolato, Silbergeld, Ellen K, Smith, Martyn T, Stewart, Bernard W, Sutton, Patrice, Tateo, Fabio, Terracini, Benedetto, Thielmann, Heinz W, Thomas, David B, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John E, Vineis, Paolo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weisenburger, Dennis D, Woodruff, Tracey J, Yorifuji, Takashi, Yu, Il Je, Zambon, Paola, Zeeb, Hajo, and Zhou, Shu-Feng

Published
2016

17. Differences in the carcinogenic evaluation of glyphosate between the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Author

Sub IER overig, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Organisation Studies, dIRAS RA-2, Portier, Christopher J, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baguley, Bruce C, Baur, Xaver, Belyaev, Igor, Bellé, Robert, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Biggeri, Annibale, Bosland, Maarten C, Bruzzi, Paolo, Budnik, Lygia Therese, Bugge, Merete D, Burns, Kathleen, Calaf, Gloria M, Carpenter, David O, Carpenter, Hillary M, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Clapp, Richard, Cocco, Pierluigi, Consonni, Dario, Comba, Pietro, Craft, Elena, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Davis, Devra, Demers, Paul A, De Roos, Anneclaire J, DeWitt, Jamie, Forastiere, Francesco, Freedman, Jonathan H, Fritschi, Lin, Gaus, Caroline, Gohlke, Julia M, Goldberg, Marcel, Greiser, Eberhard, Hansen, Johnni, Hardell, Lennart, Hauptmann, Michael, Huang, Wei, Huff, James, James, Margaret O, Jameson, C W, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Kopp-Schneider, Annette, Kromhout, Hans, Larramendy, Marcelo L, Landrigan, Philip J, Lash, Lawrence H, Leszczynski, Dariusz, Lynch, Charles F, Magnani, Corrado, Mandrioli, Daniele, Martin, Francis L, Merler, Enzo, Michelozzi, Paola, Miligi, Lucia, Miller, Anthony B, Mirabelli, Dario, Mirer, Franklin E, Naidoo, Saloshni, Perry, Melissa J, Petronio, Maria Grazia, Pirastu, Roberta, Portier, Ralph J, Ramos, Kenneth S, Robertson, Larry W, Rodriguez, Theresa, Röösli, Martin, Ross, Matt K, Roy, Deodutta, Rusyn, Ivan, Saldiva, Paulo, Sass, Jennifer, Savolainen, Kai, Scheepers, Paul T J, Sergi, Consolato, Silbergeld, Ellen K, Smith, Martyn T, Stewart, Bernard W, Sutton, Patrice, Tateo, Fabio, Terracini, Benedetto, Thielmann, Heinz W, Thomas, David B, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John E, Vineis, Paolo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weisenburger, Dennis D, Woodruff, Tracey J, Yorifuji, Takashi, Yu, Il Je, Zambon, Paola, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Shu-Feng, Sub IER overig, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Organisation Studies, dIRAS RA-2, Portier, Christopher J, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baguley, Bruce C, Baur, Xaver, Belyaev, Igor, Bellé, Robert, Belpoggi, Fiorella, Biggeri, Annibale, Bosland, Maarten C, Bruzzi, Paolo, Budnik, Lygia Therese, Bugge, Merete D, Burns, Kathleen, Calaf, Gloria M, Carpenter, David O, Carpenter, Hillary M, López-Carrillo, Lizbeth, Clapp, Richard, Cocco, Pierluigi, Consonni, Dario, Comba, Pietro, Craft, Elena, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Davis, Devra, Demers, Paul A, De Roos, Anneclaire J, DeWitt, Jamie, Forastiere, Francesco, Freedman, Jonathan H, Fritschi, Lin, Gaus, Caroline, Gohlke, Julia M, Goldberg, Marcel, Greiser, Eberhard, Hansen, Johnni, Hardell, Lennart, Hauptmann, Michael, Huang, Wei, Huff, James, James, Margaret O, Jameson, C W, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Kopp-Schneider, Annette, Kromhout, Hans, Larramendy, Marcelo L, Landrigan, Philip J, Lash, Lawrence H, Leszczynski, Dariusz, Lynch, Charles F, Magnani, Corrado, Mandrioli, Daniele, Martin, Francis L, Merler, Enzo, Michelozzi, Paola, Miligi, Lucia, Miller, Anthony B, Mirabelli, Dario, Mirer, Franklin E, Naidoo, Saloshni, Perry, Melissa J, Petronio, Maria Grazia, Pirastu, Roberta, Portier, Ralph J, Ramos, Kenneth S, Robertson, Larry W, Rodriguez, Theresa, Röösli, Martin, Ross, Matt K, Roy, Deodutta, Rusyn, Ivan, Saldiva, Paulo, Sass, Jennifer, Savolainen, Kai, Scheepers, Paul T J, Sergi, Consolato, Silbergeld, Ellen K, Smith, Martyn T, Stewart, Bernard W, Sutton, Patrice, Tateo, Fabio, Terracini, Benedetto, Thielmann, Heinz W, Thomas, David B, Vainio, Harri, Vena, John E, Vineis, Paolo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weisenburger, Dennis D, Woodruff, Tracey J, Yorifuji, Takashi, Yu, Il Je, Zambon, Paola, Zeeb, Hajo, and Zhou, Shu-Feng

Published
2016

21. The dawn of CAMP volcanism and its bearing on the end-Triassic carbon cycle disruption

Author

Corso, Jacopo Dal, Marzoli, Andrea, Tateo, Fabio, Jenkyns, Hugh C., Bertrand, Hervé, Nasrrddine Youbi, Abdelkader Mahmoudi, Font, Eric, Buratti, Nicoletta, and Cirilli, Simonetta

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

The cause-and-effect relationship between the c. 201 Ma eruption of the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) and the end-Triassic abrupt climate change and mass extinction is at present based on controversial temporal correlations. Upper Triassic sedimentary strata underlying CAMP basalts in Morocco illustrate a clear mineralogical and geochemical fingerprint of early CAMP basaltic eruptions, namely unusually high contents of MgO (10–32 wt%) and of mafic clay minerals (11–84%). In the same rocks a coincident negative carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) is present, equivalent to the so-called ‘initial negative CIE’ recorded worldwide shortly before the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. The new data show that the onset of CAMP activity preceded the end-Triassic carbon cycle disruption and that the initial negative CIE is unequivocally synchronous with CAMP volcanism. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that the culmination of pollution of atmosphere and seawater by CAMP-derived volcanic gases was the proximate cause of the end-Triassic mass extinction.

22. The dawn of CAMP volcanism and its bearing on the end-Triassic carbon cycle disruption

Author

Corso, Jacopo Dal, Marzoli, Andrea, Tateo, Fabio, Jenkyns, Hugh C., Bertrand, Hervé, Nasrrddine Youbi, Abdelkader Mahmoudi, Font, Eric, Buratti, Nicoletta, and Cirilli, Simonetta

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

The cause-and-effect relationship between the c. 201 Ma eruption of the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) and the end-Triassic abrupt climate change and mass extinction is at present based on controversial temporal correlations. Upper Triassic sedimentary strata underlying CAMP basalts in Morocco illustrate a clear mineralogical and geochemical fingerprint of early CAMP basaltic eruptions, namely unusually high contents of MgO (10–32 wt%) and of mafic clay minerals (11–84%). In the same rocks a coincident negative carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) is present, equivalent to the so-called ‘initial negative CIE’ recorded worldwide shortly before the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. The new data show that the onset of CAMP activity preceded the end-Triassic carbon cycle disruption and that the initial negative CIE is unequivocally synchronous with CAMP volcanism. The results of this study strongly support the hypothesis that the culmination of pollution of atmosphere and seawater by CAMP-derived volcanic gases was the proximate cause of the end-Triassic mass extinction.

23. SARS-CoV-2: lessons from both the history of medicine and from the biological behavior of other well-known viruses

Author

Sirio Fiorino, Claudio Gallo, Maddalena Zippi, Paolo Emilio Orlandi, Roberta Pica, Dario de Biase, Michela Visani, Roberta Budriesi, Matteo Micucci, Federico Lari, Ivan Corazza, Fabio Tateo, Elisabetta Loggi, Wandong Hong, Fiorino, Sirio, Tateo, Fabio, Biase, Dario De, Gallo, Claudio G, Orlandi, Paolo E, Corazza, Ivan, Budriesi, Roberta, Micucci, Matteo, Visani, Michela, Loggi, Elisabetta, Hong, Wandong, Pica, Roberta, Lari, Federico, and Zippi, Maddalena

Subjects
Disease reservoir, History, pathogenesi, viruses, Climate, Review, Disease, COVID-19, infectious diseases, pathogenesis, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, treatment, Virus Replication, Pandemic, Medicine, Viral, skin and connective tissue diseases, Respiratory Tract Infections, Genome, Respiratory tract infections, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, History, 19th Century, Antiviral Agents, Disease Reservoirs, Genome, Viral, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Mutation, Pandemics, RNA Viruses, Reinfection, SARS-CoV-2, 21st Century, 20th Century, Microbiology (medical), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infectious disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Microbiology, 19th Century, business.industry, fungi, Virology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, body regions, Viral replication, business
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide and its associated disease COVID-19. In this review, we have analyzed SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those ones of other well-known RNA viruses viz. HIV, HCV and Influenza viruses, collecting their historical data, clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms. The aim of the work is obtaining useful insights and lessons for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2. These pathogens present a distinct mode of transmission, as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are airborne, whereas HIV and HCV are bloodborne. However, these viruses exhibit some potential similar clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms and their understanding may contribute to establishing preventive measures and new therapies against SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021

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