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8,057 results on '"Taylor, S."'

1. First Measurement of Near- and Sub-Threshold $J/\psi$ Photoproduction off Nuclei

Author

Pybus, J. R., Ehinger, L., Kolar, T., Devkota, B., Sharp, P., Yu, B., Dalton, M. M., Dutta, D., Gao, H., Hen, O., Piasetzky, E., Santiesteban, S. N., Schmidt, A., Somov, A., Szumila-Vance, H., Adhikari, S., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barlow, J., Berdnikov, V. V., Bhatt, H. D., Bhetuwal, Deepak, Black, T., Briscoe, W. J., Chung, G., Cole, P. L., Deur, A., Dotel, R., Egiyan, H., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Guo, J., Hernandez, K., Higinbotham, D. W., Hurck, P., Jaegle, I., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Karki, A., Li, H., Li, W. B., Linera, G. R., Lyubovitskij, V., Marukyan, H., McCaughan, M. D., McCracken, M., Mizutani, K., Nguyen, D., Oresic, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Peters, K., Ritman, J., Schick, A., Schwiening, J., Smith, A., Somov, S., Strakovsky, I., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Xiao, T., Zhang, Z., and Zhou, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first measurement of $J/\psi$ photoproduction from nuclei in the photon energy range of $7$ to $10.8$ GeV, extending above and below the photoproduction threshold in the free proton of $\sim8.2$ GeV. The experiment used a tagged photon beam incident on deuterium, helium, and carbon, and the GlueX detector at Jefferson Lab to measure the semi-inclusive $A(\gamma,e^+e^-p)$ reaction with a dilepton invariant mass $M(e^+e^-)\sim m_{J/\psi}=3.1$ GeV. The incoherent $J/\psi$ photoproduction cross sections in the measured nuclei are extracted as a function of the incident photon energy, momentum transfer, and proton reconstructed missing light-cone momentum fraction. Comparisons with theoretical predictions assuming a dipole form factor allow extracting a gluonic radius for bound protons of $\sqrt{\langle r^2\rangle}=0.85\pm0.14$ fm. The data also suggest an excess of the measured cross section for sub-threshold production and for interactions with high missing light-cone momentum fraction protons. The measured enhancement can be explained by modified gluon structure for high-virtuality bound-protons.

Published
2024

2. An Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic $\pi_1(1600)$

Author

Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arrigo, S., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Barton, D., Baturin, V., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Cao, S., Chudakov, E., Chung, G., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Glazier, D., Gleason, C., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hernandez, J., Hernandez, K., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jing, M., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Septian, N., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Sikes, J., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The spin-exotic hybrid meson $\pi_{1}(1600)$ is predicted to have a large decay rate to the $\omega\pi\pi$ final state. Using 76.6~pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^+ \pi^- p$, $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^0 \pi^0 p$, and $\gamma p\to\omega\pi^-\pi^0\Delta^{++}$ in the range $E_\gamma =$ 8-10 GeV. Using isospin conservation, we set the first upper limits on the photoproduction cross sections of the $\pi^{0}_{1}(1600)$ and $\pi^{-}_{1}(1600)$. We combine these limits with lattice calculations of decay widths and find that photoproduction of $\eta'\pi$ is the most sensitive two-body system to search for the $\pi_1(1600)$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental materials

Published
2024

3. Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $\Delta^{++}(1232)$ photoproduction

Author

Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arrigo, S., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Barton, D., Baturin, V., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Cao, S., Chudakov, E., Chung, G., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hernandez, J., Hernandez, K., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jing, M., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Septian, N., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Sikes, J., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) of the $\Delta^{++}(1232)$ in the photoproduction reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^-\Delta^{++}(1232)$ with the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The measurement uses a linearly--polarized photon beam with energies from $8.2$ to $8.8$~GeV and the statistical precision of the SDMEs exceeds the previous measurement by three orders of magnitude for the momentum transfer squared region below $1.4$ GeV$^2$. The data are sensitive to the previously undetermined relative sign between couplings in existing Regge-exchange models. Linear combinations of the extracted SDMEs allow for a decomposition into natural and unnatural--exchange amplitudes. We find that the unnatural exchange plays an important role in the low momentum transfer region.

Published
2024

4. Beyond Point Masses. II. Non-Keplerian Shape Effects are Detectable in Several TNO Binaries

Author

Proudfoot, Benjamin C. N., Ragozzine, Darin A., Thatcher, Meagan L., Grundy, Will, Spencer, Dallin J., Alailima, Tahina M., Allen, Sawyer, Bowden, Penelope C., Byrd, Susanne, Camacho, Conner D., Campbell, Gibson H., Carlisle, Edison P., Christensen, Jacob A., Christensen, Noah K., Clement, Kaelyn, Derieg, Benjamin J., Dille, Mara K., Dorrett, Cristian, Ellefson, Abigail L., Fleming, Taylor S., Freeman, N. J., Gibson, Ethan J., Giforos, William G., Guerrette, Jacob A., Haddock, Olivia, Hammond, S. Ashton, Hampson, Zachary A., Hancock, Joshua D., Harmer, Madeline S., Henderson, Joseph R., Jensen, Chandler R., Jensen, David, Jensen, Ryleigh E., Jones, Joshua S., Kubal, Cameron C., Lunt, Jacob N., Martins, Stephanie, Matheson, McKenna, Maxwell, Dahlia, Morrell, Timothy D., Myckowiak, McKenna M., Nelsen, Maia A., Neu, Spencer T., Nuccitelli, Giovanna G., Reardon, Kayson M., Reid, Austin S., Richards, Kenneth G., Robertson, Megan R. W., Rydalch, Tanner D., Scoresby, Conner B., Scott, Ryan L., Shakespear, Zacory D., Silveira, Elliot A., Steed, Grace C., Suggs, Christiana Z., Suggs, Garrett D., Tobias, Derek M., Toole, Matthew L., Townsend, McKayla L., Vickers, Kade L., Wagner, Collin R., Wright, Madeline S., and Zappala, Emma M. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

About 40 transneptunian binaries (TNBs) have fully determined orbits with about 10 others being solved except for breaking the mirror ambiguity. Despite decades of study almost all TNBs have only ever been analyzed with a model that assumes perfect Keplerian motion (e.g., two point masses). In reality, all TNB systems are non-Keplerian due to non-spherical shapes, possible presence of undetected system components, and/or solar perturbations. In this work, we focus on identifying candidates for detectable non-Keplerian motion based on sample of 45 well-characterized binaries. We use MultiMoon, a non-Keplerian Bayesian inference tool, to analyze published relative astrometry allowing for non-spherical shapes of each TNB system's primary. We first reproduce the results of previous Keplerian fitting efforts with MultiMoon, which serves as a comparison for the non-Keplerian fits and confirms that these fits are not biased by the assumption of a Keplerian orbit. We unambiguously detect non-Keplerian motion in 8 TNB systems across a range of primary radii, mutual orbit separations, and system masses. As a proof of concept for non-Keplerian fitting, we perform detailed fits for (66652) Borasisi-Pabu, possibly revealing a $J_2 \approx 0.44$, implying Borasisi (and/or Pabu) may be a contact binary or an unresolved compact binary. However, full confirmation of this result will require new observations. This work begins the next generation of TNB analyses that go beyond the point mass assumption to provide unique and valuable information on the physical properties of TNBs with implications for their formation and evolution., Comment: Accepted to AJ

Published
2024
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5. RAIDER: Rapid, anatomy-independent, deep learning-based PDFF and R2* estimation using magnitude-only signals

Author

Bray, T. J. P., Minore, G. V., Bainbridge, A., Dwyer-Hemmings, L., Taylor, S. A., Hall-Craggs, M. A., and Zhang, H.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: There has been substantial recent interest in magnitude-based fitting methods for estimating proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* from chemical shift-encoded MRI data, since these methods can still be used when complex-based methods fail or when phase data are inaccessible or unreliable, and may also be used as a final processing step with complex-based methods. However, conventional fitting techniques are computationally expensive. Deep learning (DL)-based methods promise to accelerate parameter estimation, but previous attempts have used convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are limited by training requirements and poor generalizability (anatomy-dependence). To address these limitations, we propose RAIDER, a voxelwise method for rapid, anatomy-independent deep learning-based PDFF and R2* estimation using multi-echo magnitude-data. Theory and Methods: RAIDER uses two multilayer perceptrons, each trained separately with simulated single-voxel multi-echo magnitude signals, to estimate PDFF and R2*. The use of two networks, each with restricted training distribution, solves the problem of degeneracy during training. During inference, the solution from one of the two networks is chosen based on likelihood. Performance and speed are investigated in a series of simulation experiments, in phantoms and in vivo. Results: RAIDER is 285-1450 times faster than conventional magnitude fitting, taking 1.4-2.3s per slice rather than 8-56minutes, and offers performance similar to conventional fitting. It produces accurate PDFF measurements in phantoms and in vivo images with different anatomies, despite having been trained only on simulation data. Conclusion: RAIDER can substantially accelerate magnitude-based PDFF and R2* estimation, whilst avoiding intrinsic limitations of CNN-based methods.

Published
2024

8. Comparing recent PTA results on the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background

Author

The International Pulsar Timing Array Collaboration, Agazie, G., Antoniadis, J., Anumarlapudi, A., Archibald, A. M., Arumugam, P., Arumugam, S., Arzoumanian, Z., Askew, J., Babak, S., Bagchi, M., Bailes, M., Nielsen, A. -S. Bak, Baker, P. T., Bassa, C. G., Bathula, A., Bécsy, B., Berthereau, A., Bhat, N. D. R., Blecha, L., Bonetti, M., Bortolas, E., Brazier, A., Brook, P. R., Burgay, M., Burke-Spolaor, S., Burnette, R., Caballero, R. N., Cameron, A., Case, R., Chalumeau, A., Champion, D. J., Chanlaridis, S., Charisi, M., Chatterjee, S., Chatziioannou, K., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, S., Chen, Z. -C., Cognard, I., Cohen, T., Coles, W. A., Cordes, J. M., Cornish, N. J., Crawford, F., Cromartie, H. T., Crowter, K., Curyło, M., Cutler, C. J., Dai, S., Dandapat, S., Deb, D., DeCesar, M. E., DeGan, D., Demorest, P. B., Deng, H., Desai, S., Desvignes, G., Dey, L., Dhanda-Batra, N., Di Marco, V., Dolch, T., Drachler, B., Dwivedi, C., Ellis, J. A., Falxa, M., Feng, Y., Ferdman, R. D., Ferrara, E. C., Fiore, W., Fonseca, E., Franchini, A., Freedman, G. E., Gair, J. R., Garver-Daniels, N., Gentile, P. A., Gersbach, K. A., Glaser, J., Good, D. C., Goncharov, B., Gopakumar, A., Graikou, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Guillemot, L., Gültekin, K., Guo, Y. J., Gupta, Y., Grunthal, K., Hazboun, J. S., Hisano, S., Hobbs, G. B., Hourihane, S., Hu, H., Iraci, F., Islo, K., Izquierdo-Villalba, D., Jang, J., Jawor, J., Janssen, G. H., Jennings, R. J., Jessner, A., Johnson, A. D., Jones, M. L., Joshi, B. C., Kaiser, A. R., Kaplan, D. L., Kapur, A., Kareem, F., Karuppusamy, R., Keane, E. F., Keith, M. J., Kelley, L. Z., Kerr, M., Key, J. S., Kharbanda, D., Kikunaga, T., Klein, T. C., Kolhe, N., Kramer, M., Krishnakumar, M. A., Kulkarni, A., Laal, N., Lackeos, K., Lam, M. T., Lamb, W. G., Larsen, B. B., Lazio, T. J. W., Lee, K. J., Levin, Y., Lewandowska, N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, K., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Lommen, A., Lorimer, D. R., Lower, M. E., Luo, J., Luo, R., Lynch, R. S., Lyne, A. G., Ma, C. -P., Maan, Y., Madison, D. R., Main, R. A., Manchester, R. N., Mandow, R., Mattson, M. A., McEwen, A., McKee, J. W., McLaughlin, M. A., McMann, N., Meyers, B. W., Meyers, P. M., Mickaliger, M. B., Miles, M., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Mitridate, A., Natarajan, P., Nathan, R. S., Ng, C., Nice, D. J., Niţu, I. C., Nobleson, K., Ocker, S. K., Olum, K. D., Osłowski, S., Paladi, A. K., Parthasarathy, A., Pennucci, T. T., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Petrov, P., Pol, N. S., Porayko, N. K., Possenti, A., Prabu, T., Leclere, H. Quelquejay, Radovan, H. A., Rana, P., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Reardon, D. J., Rogers, A. F., Romano, J. D., Russell, C. J., Samajdar, A., Sanidas, S. A., Sardesai, S. C., Schmiedekamp, A., Schmiedekamp, C., Schmitz, K., Schult, L., Sesana, A., Shaifullah, G., Shannon, R. M., Shapiro-Albert, B. J., Siemens, X., Simon, J., Singha, J., Siwek, M. S., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Srivastava, A., Stairs, I. H., Stappers, B. W., Stinebring, D. R., Stovall, K., Sun, J. P., Surnis, M., Susarla, S. C., Susobhanan, A., Swiggum, J. K., Takahashi, K., Tarafdar, P., Taylor, J., Taylor, S. R., Theureau, G., Thrane, E., Thyagarajan, N., Tiburzi, C., Toomey, L., Turner, J. E., Unal, C., Vallisneri, M., van der Wateren, E., van Haasteren, R., Vecchio, A., Krishnan, V. Venkatraman, Verbiest, J. P. W., Vigeland, S. J., Wahl, H. M., Wang, S., Wang, Q., Witt, C. A., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wayt, K. E., Wu, Z., Young, O., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Zhu, X. -J., and Zic, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The Australian, Chinese, European, Indian, and North American pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently reported, at varying levels, evidence for the presence of a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Given that each PTA made different choices in modeling their data, we perform a comparison of the GWB and individual pulsar noise parameters across the results reported from the PTAs that constitute the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We show that despite making different modeling choices, there is no significant difference in the GWB parameters that are measured by the different PTAs, agreeing within $1\sigma$. The pulsar noise parameters are also consistent between different PTAs for the majority of the pulsars included in these analyses. We bridge the differences in modeling choices by adopting a standardized noise model for all pulsars and PTAs, finding that under this model there is a reduction in the tension in the pulsar noise parameters. As part of this reanalysis, we "extended" each PTA's data set by adding extra pulsars that were not timed by that PTA. Under these extensions, we find better constraints on the GWB amplitude and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the Hellings and Downs correlations. These extensions serve as a prelude to the benefits offered by a full combination of data across all pulsars in the IPTA, i.e., the IPTA's Data Release 3, which will involve not just adding in additional pulsars, but also including data from all three PTAs where any given pulsar is timed by more than as single PTA., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ

Published
2023

9. SDePER: a hybrid machine learning and regression method for cell-type deconvolution of spatial barcoding-based transcriptomic data

Author

Yunqing Liu, Ningshan Li, Ji Qi, Gang Xu, Jiayi Zhao, Nating Wang, Xiayuan Huang, Wenhao Jiang, Huanhuan Wei, Aurélien Justet, Taylor S. Adams, Robert Homer, Amei Amei, Ivan O. Rosas, Naftali Kaminski, Zuoheng Wang, and Xiting Yan

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Spatial barcoding-based transcriptomic (ST) data require deconvolution for cellular-level downstream analysis. Here we present SDePER, a hybrid machine learning and regression method to deconvolve ST data using reference single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. SDePER tackles platform effects between ST and scRNA-seq data, ensuring a linear relationship between them while addressing sparsity and spatial correlations in cell types across capture spots. SDePER estimates cell-type proportions, enabling enhanced resolution tissue mapping by imputing cell-type compositions and gene expressions at unmeasured locations. Applications to simulated data and four real datasets showed SDePER’s superior accuracy and robustness over existing methods.

Published
2024
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15. Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $\rho(770)$ Production with a Linearly Polarized Photon Beam at $E_\gamma = 8.2\,-\,8.8\,\text{GeV}$

Author

GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Byer, D., Chudakov, E., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab studies photoproduction of mesons using linearly polarized $8.5\,\text{GeV}$ photons impinging on a hydrogen target which is contained within a detector with near-complete coverage for charged and neutral particles. We present measurements of spin-density matrix elements for the photoproduction of the vector meson $\rho$(770). The statistical precision achieved exceeds that of previous experiments for polarized photoproduction in this energy range by orders of magnitude. We confirm a high degree of $s$-channel helicity conservation at small squared four-momentum transfer $t$ and are able to extract the $t$-dependence of natural and unnatural-parity exchange contributions to the production process in detail. We confirm the dominance of natural-parity exchange over the full $t$ range. We also find that helicity amplitudes in which the helicity of the incident photon and the photoproduced $\rho(770)$ differ by two units are negligible for $-t<0.5\,\text{GeV}^{2}/c^{2}$., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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16. Measurement of the J/$\psi $ photoproduction cross section over the full near-threshold kinematic region

Author

GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Byer, D., Chudakov, E., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Martel, P. P., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orei, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, S., Somov, A., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, X., Zhou, J., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the total and differential cross sections for $J/\psi$ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2~GeV up to 11.44~GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, $t$. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward ($t = 0$) point beyond the physical region. The forward cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays an important role in understanding $J/\psi$ photoproduction and its relation to the $J/\psi-$proton interaction. These measurements of $J/\psi$ photoproduction near threshold are also crucial inputs to theoretical models that are used to study important aspects of the gluon structure of the proton, such as the gluon Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) of the proton, the mass radius of the proton, and the trace anomaly contribution to the proton mass. We observe possible structures in the total cross section energy dependence and find evidence for contributions beyond gluon exchange in the differential cross section close to threshold, both of which are consistent with contributions from open-charm intermediate states., Comment: 15 pages 18 figures

Published
2023
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17. Searching for continuous Gravitational Waves in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array

Author

Falxa, M., Babak, S., Baker, P. T., Bécsy, B., Chalumeau, A., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Cornish, N. J., Guillemot, L., Hazboun, J. S., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Parthasarathy, A., Petiteau, A., Pol, N. S., Sesana, A., Spolaor, S. B., Taylor, S. R., Theureau, G., Vallisneri, M., Vigeland, S. J., Witt, C. A., Zhu, X., Antoniadis, J., Arzoumanian, Z., Bailes, M., Bhat, N. D. R., Blecha, L., Brazier, A., Brook, P. R., Caballero, N., Cameron, A. D., Casey-Clyde, J. A., Champion, D., Charisi, M., Chatterjee, S., Cognard, I., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, F., Cromartie, H. T., Crowter, K., Dai, S., DeCesar, M. E., Demorest, P. B., Desvignes, G., Dolch, T., Drachler, B., Feng, Y., Ferrara, E. C., Fiore, W., Fonseca, E., Garver-Daniels, N., Glaser, J., Goncharov, B., Good, D. C., Griessmeier, J., Guo, Y. J., Gültekin, K., Hobbs, G., Hu, H., Islo, K., Jang, J., Jennings, R. J., Johnson, A. D., Jones, M. L., Kaczmarek, J., Kaiser, A. R., Kaplan, D. L., Keith, M., Kelley, L. Z., Kerr, M., Key, J. S., Laal, N., Lam, M. T., Lamb, W. G., Lazio, T. J. W., Liu, K., Liu, T., Luo, J., Lynch, R. S., Madison, D. R., Main, R., Manchester, R., McEwen, A., McKee, J., McLaughlin, M. A., Ng, C., Nice, D. J., Ocker, S., Olum, K. D., Osłowski, S., Pennucci, T. T., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Porayko, N., Possenti, A., Quelquejay-Leclere, H., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Reardon, D. J., Russell, C. J., Samajdar, A., Sarkissian, J., Schult, L., Shaifullah, G., Shannon, R. M., Shapiro-Albert, B. J., Siemens, X., Simon, J. J., Siwek, M., Smith, T. L., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Stairs, I. H., Stappers, B., Stinebring, D. R., Swiggum, J. K., Tiburzi, C., Turner, J., Vecchio, A., Verbiest, J. P. W., Wahl, H., Wang, S. Q., Wang, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, L., and Zhang, S.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The International Pulsar Timing Array 2nd data release is the combination of datasets from worldwide collaborations. In this study, we search for continuous waves: gravitational wave signals produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries in the local universe. We consider binaries on circular orbits and neglect the evolution of orbital frequency over the observational span. We find no evidence for such signals and set sky averaged 95% upper limits on their amplitude h 95 . The most sensitive frequency is 10nHz with h 95 = 9.1 10-15 . We achieved the best upper limit to date at low and high frequencies of the PTA band thanks to improved effective cadence of observations. In our analysis, we have taken into account the recently discovered common red noise process, which has an impact at low frequencies. We also find that the peculiar noise features present in some pulsars data must be taken into account to reduce the false alarm. We show that using custom noise models is essential in searching for continuous gravitational wave signals and setting the upper limit.

Published
2023
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18. Differential splenic responses to hyperoxic breathing at high altitude in Sherpa and lowlanders

Author

Pontus K. Holmström, Taylor S. Harman, Anne Kalker, Bethany Steiner, Ella Hawkins, Kelsey C. Jorgensen, Kimberly T. Zhu, Ajaya J. Kunwar, Nilam Thakur, Sunil Dhungel, Nima Sherpa, Trevor A. Day, Erika K. Schagatay, Abigail W. Bigham, and Tom D. Brutsaert

Subjects
acclimatization, adaptation, high altitude, hypoxia, Sherpa, spleen function, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Abstract The human spleen contracts in response to stress‐induced catecholamine secretion, resulting in a temporary rise in haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Recent findings highlighted enhanced splenic response to exercise at high altitude in Sherpa, possibly due to a blunted splenic response to hypoxia. To explore the potential blunted splenic contraction in Sherpas at high altitude, we examined changes in spleen volume during hyperoxic breathing, comparing acclimatized Sherpa with acclimatized individuals of lowland ancestry. Our study included 14 non‐Sherpa (7 female) residing at altitude for a mean continuous duration of 3 months and 46 Sherpa (24 female) with an average of 4 years altitude exposure. Participants underwent a hyperoxic breathing test at altitude (4300 m; barrometric pressure = ∼430 torr; PO2 = ∼90 torr). Throughout the test, we measured spleen volume using ultrasonography and monitored oxygen saturation (SpO2). During rest, Sherpa exhibited larger spleens (226 ± 70 mL) compared to non‐Sherpa (165 ± 34 mL; P

Published
2024
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19. Terpene biosynthesis in marine sponge animals

Author

Wilson, Kayla, de Rond, Tristan, Burkhardt, Immo, Steele, Taylor S, Schäfer, Rebecca JB, Podell, Sheila, Allen, Eric E, and Moore, Bradley S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Genetics, Animals, Porifera, Aquatic Organisms, Microbiota, Metagenome, Biological Products, Phylogeny, natural products, terpene synthase, marine sponge, biosynthesis
Abstract

Sea sponges are the largest marine source of small-molecule natural products described to date. Sponge-derived molecules, such as the chemotherapeutic eribulin, the calcium-channel blocker manoalide, and antimalarial compound kalihinol A, are renowned for their impressive medicinal, chemical, and biological properties. Sponges contain microbiomes that control the production of many natural products isolated from these marine invertebrates. In fact, all genomic studies to date investigating the metabolic origins of sponge-derived small molecules concluded that microbes-not the sponge animal host-are the biosynthetic producers. However, early cell-sorting studies suggested the sponge animal host may play a role particularly in the production of terpenoid molecules. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of sponge terpenoid biosynthesis, we sequenced the metagenome and transcriptome of an isonitrile sesquiterpenoid-containing sponge of the order Bubarida. Using bioinformatic searches and biochemical validation, we identified a group of type I terpene synthases (TSs) from this sponge and multiple other species, the first of this enzyme class characterized from the sponge holobiome. The Bubarida TS-associated contigs consist of intron-containing genes homologous to sponge genes and feature GC percentage and coverage consistent with other eukaryotic sequences. We identified and characterized TS homologs from five different sponge species isolated from geographically distant locations, thereby suggesting a broad distribution amongst sponges. This work sheds light on the role of sponges in secondary metabolite production and speaks to the possibility that other sponge-specific molecules originate from the animal host.

Published
2023

20. Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) for Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: 15-Month Final Analysis of the TACKLE Trial

Author

F. D. Richard Hobbs, Hugh Montgomery, Francisco Padilla, Jesus Abraham Simón-Campos, Douglas Arbetter, Seth Seegobin, Alexandre Kiazand, Katie Streicher, Nuria Martinez-Alier, Taylor S. Cohen, and Mark T. Esser

Subjects
Tixagevimab, Cilgavimab, COVID-19, Monoclonal antibody, Clinical trial, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Introduction In the phase 3 TACKLE study, outpatient treatment with AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) was well tolerated and significantly reduced progression to severe disease or death through day 29 in adults with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the primary analysis. Here, we report data from the final analysis of the TACKLE study, performed after approximately 15 months’ follow-up. Methods Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 and dosed within 7 days of symptom onset with 600 mg intramuscular AZD7442 (n = 456; 300 mg tixagevimab/300 mg cilgavimab) or placebo (n = 454). Results Severe COVID-19 or death through day 29 occurred in 4.4% and 8.8% of participants who received AZD7442 or placebo, a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 50.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.4, 71.3; p = 0.0096]; among participants dosed within 5 days of symptom onset, the RRR was 66.9% (95% CI 31.1, 84.1; p = 0.002). Death from any cause or hospitalization for COVID-19 complications or sequelae through day 169 occurred in 5.0% of participants receiving AZD7442 versus 9.7% receiving placebo, an RRR of 49.2% (95% CI 14.7, 69.8; p = 0.009). Adverse events occurred in 55.5% and 55.9% of participants who received AZD7442 or placebo, respectively, and were mostly mild or moderate in severity. Serious adverse events occurred in 10.2% and 14.4% of participants who received AZD7442 or placebo, respectively, and deaths occurred in 1.8% of participants in both groups. Serum concentration–time profiles recorded over 457 days were similar for AZD7442, tixagevimab, and cilgavimab, and were consistent with the extended half-life reported for AZD7442 (approx. 90 days). Conclusions AZD7442 reduced the risk of progression to severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death, was well tolerated through 15 months, and exhibited predictable pharmacokinetics in outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. These data support the long-term safety of using long-acting monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04723394. ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04723394 .

Published
2024
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21. The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic Gravitational Wave Background

Author

Antoniadis, J., Arzoumanian, Z., Babak, S., Bailes, M., Nielsen, A. -S. Bak, Baker, P. T., Bassa, C. G., Becsy, B., Berthereau, A., Bonetti, M., Brazier, A., Brook, P. R., Burgay, M., Burke-Spolaor, S., Caballero, R. N., Casey-Clyde, J. A., Chalumeau, A., Champion, D. J., Charisi, M., Chatterjee, S., Chen, S., Cognard, I., Cordes, J. M., Cornish, N. J., Crawford, F., Cromartie, H. T., Crowter, K., Dai, S., DeCesar, M. E., Demorest, P. B., Desvignes, G., Dolch, T., Drachler, B., Falxa, M., Ferrara, E. C., Fiore, W., Fonseca, E., Gair, J. R., Garver-Daniels, N., Goncharov, B., Good, D. C., Graikou, E., Guillemot, L., Guo, Y. J., Hazboun, J. S., Hobbs, G., Hu, H., Islo, K., Janssen, G. H., Jennings, R. J., Johnson, A. D., Jones, M. L., Kaiser, A. R., Kaplan, D. L., Karuppusamy, R., Keith, M. J., Kelley, L. Z., Kerr, M., Key, J. S., Kramer, M., Lam, M. T., Lamb, W. G., Lazio, T. J. W., Lee, K. J., Lentati, L., Liu, K., Luo, J., Lynch, R. S., Lyne, A. G., Madison, D. R., Main, R. A., Manchester, R. N., McEwen, A., McKee, J. W., McLaughlin, M. A., Mickaliger, M. B., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Ng, C., Nice, D. J., lowski, S. Os, Parthasarathy, A., Pennucci, T. T., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Pol, N. S., Porayko, N. K., Possenti, A., Ransom, S. M., Ray, P. S., Reardon, D. J., Russell, C. J., Samajdar, A., Sampson, L. M., Sanidas, S., Sarkissian, J. M., Schmitz, K., Schult, L., Sesana, A., Shaifullah, G., Shannon, R. M., Shapiro-Albert, B. J., Siemens, X., Simon, J., Smith, T. L., Speri, L., Spiewak, R., Stairs, I. H., Stappers, B. W., Stinebring, D. R., Swiggum, J. K., Taylor, S. R., Theureau, G., Tiburzi, C., Vallisneri, M., van der Wateren, E., Vecchio, A., Verbiest, J. P. W., Vigeland, S. J., Wahl, H., Wang, J. B., Wang, J., Wang, L., Witt, C. A., Zhang, S., and Zhu, X. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe, and Australia. In our reference search for a power law strain spectrum of the form $h_c = A(f/1\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1})^{\alpha}$, we found strong evidence for a spectrally-similar low-frequency stochastic process of amplitude $A = 3.8^{+6.3}_{-2.5}\times10^{-15}$ and spectral index $\alpha = -0.5 \pm 0.5$, where the uncertainties represent 95\% credible regions, using information from the auto- and cross-correlation terms between the pulsars in the array. For a spectral index of $\alpha = -2/3$, as expected from a population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries, the recovered amplitude is $A = 2.8^{+1.2}_{-0.8}\times10^{-15}$. Nonetheless, no significant evidence of the Hellings-Downs correlations that would indicate a gravitational-wave origin was found. We also analyzed the constituent data from the individual pulsar timing arrays in a consistent way, and clearly demonstrate that the combined international data set is more sensitive. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this combined data set produces comparable constraints to recent single-array data sets which have more data than the constituent parts of the combination. Future international data releases will deliver increased sensitivity to gravitational wave radiation, and significantly increase the detection probability., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted in MNRAS

Published
2022
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22. Tracheostomy in high-risk patients on ECMO: A bedside hybrid dilational technique utilizing a Rummel tourniquet

Author

Britton B. Donato, MD, MPH, MS, Marisa Sewell, MD, Megan Campany, BS, Ga-ram Han, MD, Taylor S. Orton, MD, Marko Laitinen, MD, Jacob Hammond, MD, Xindi Chen, BA, Jasmina Ingersoll, CST, Ayan Sen, MD, MSc, and Jonathan D'Cunha, MD, PhD

Subjects
Tracheostomy, Rummel tourniquet, ECMO, Anticoagulation, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Objective: Traditionally, critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation benefit from a long-term airway, thus necessitating tracheostomy. The widespread application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has exponentially increased in recent years, creating a new subset of patients necessitating tracheostomy with significantly increased bleeding risk. We present a hybrid dilational tracheostomy technique utilizing a Rummel tourniquet developed at our institution to mitigate bleeding risk in patients on ECMO necessitating long-term airway. Methods: A total of 24 patients on ECMO underwent bedside hybrid dilational tracheostomy with utilization of a Rummel tourniquet from 06/2020 to 01/2022 at our institution. These patients were followed longitudinally and evaluated for postoperative bleeding. Particular attention was paid to anticoagulation regimens pre- and post-operatively. Results: The primary outcome of the study, postoperative bleeding, was observed in four of the 24 study participants (16.67 %). Each of these complications were managed with tightening of the Rummel tourniquet and application of hemostatic packing agents; no operative interventions were required. Anticoagulation was held for a mean time of 4.33 h preoperatively and 5.2 h postoperatively. Conclusions: Our data support this hybrid tracheostomy technique with the addition of a Rummel tourniquet to be a safe and effective adjunct for perioperative hemostasis in high-risk patients necessitating tracheostomy while on ECMO. While this technique was initially developed for critically ill COVID-19 patients, we believe it can be applied to all patients on ECMO to help mitigate perioperative bleeding risk.

Published
2023
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24. ExoMol molecular line lists -- XLIII: Rovibronic molecular line list the low-lying two states of NaO

Author

Mitev, G. B., Taylor, S., Tennyson, Jonathan, Yurchenko, S. N., Buchachenko, A. A., and Stolyarov, A. V.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The sodium monoxide radical (NaO) is observed in night glow in the Earth's mesosphere and likely has astronomical importance. This study concerns the optical transitions within the ground X $^2\Pi$ state and to the very low-lying ($T_{\textrm e}\approx 2000$ cm$^{-1}$) excited A $^2\Sigma^+$ state. A line list consisting of rovibronic term values, allowed electric dipole transitions, Einstein coefficients, and partition functions for varying temperature are produced due to a variational solution of the coupled-channel Schr\"{o}dinger equations using the program \Duo. MRCI \textit{ab initio} calculations characterising the potential energy curves of the both states, spin-orbit and $L$-uncoupling non-adiabatic matrix elements, as well as permanent and transition dipole moments were integral in formation of the final deperturbation model. \textit{Ab initio} potential energy curves are represented in the analytical Extended-Morse-Oscillator form and refined, along with the spin-orbit and $L$-uncoupling functions, by least-squares fitting to the available spectroscopic data. The input experimental data consisted of pure rotational transitions within the fine structure components of the X $^2\Pi$ state for $v''\in [0,3]$ vibrational levels as well as the rovibronic A $^2\Sigma^+(v'=0) \leftarrow$ X $^2\Pi(v''=0)$ transitions, both with limited coverage over rotational excitation. The lack of data detailing the vibrational structure of the X and A states prompts a request for further experimental study of higher excited levels which would provide a robust spectroscopic model. The NaO NaOUCMe line list is available via www.exomol.com and the CDS database., Comment: 8 Pages, 7 Figures, 7 Tables

Published
2021
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25. The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby-Eberly Telescope Wide Field Upgrade and VIRUS

Author

Hill, Gary J., Lee, Hanshin, MacQueen, Phillip J., Kelz, Andreas, Drory, Niv, Vattiat, Brian L., Good, John M., Ramsey, Jason, Kriel, Herman, Peterson, Trent, DePoy, D. L., Gebhardt, Karl, Marshall, J. L., Tuttle, Sarah E., Bauer, Svend M., Chonis, Taylor S., Fabricius, Maximilian H., Froning, Cynthia, Haeuser, Marco, Indahl, Briana L., Jahn, Thomas, Landriau, Martin, Leck, Ron, Montesano, Francesco, Prochaska, Travis, Snigula, Jan M., Zeimann, Gregory R., Bryant, Randy, Damm, George, Fowler, J. R., Janowiecki, Steven, Martin, Jerry, Mrozinski, Emily, Odewahn, Stephen, Rostopchin, Sergey, Shetrone, Matthew, Spencer, Renny, Cooper, Erin Mentuch, Armandroff, Taft, Bender, Ralf, Dalton, Gavin, Hopp, Ulrich, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Nicklas, Harald, Ramsey, Lawrence W., Roth, Martin M., Schneider, Donald P., Sneden, Chris, and Steinmetz, Matthias

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) is undertaking a blind wide-field low-resolution spectroscopic survey of 540 square degrees of sky to identify and derive redshifts for a million Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) in the redshift range 1.9 < z < 3.5. The ultimate goal is to measure the expansion rate of the Universe at this epoch, to sharply constrain cosmological parameters and thus the nature of dark energy. A major multi-year wide field upgrade (WFU) of the HET was completed in 2016 that substantially increased the field of view to 22 arcminutes diameter and the pupil to 10 meters, by replacing the optical corrector, tracker, and prime focus instrument package and by developing a new telescope control system. The new, wide-field HET now feeds the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS), a new low-resolution integral field spectrograph (LRS2), and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF), a precision near-infrared radial velocity spectrograph. VIRUS consists of 156 identical spectrographs fed by almost 35,000 fibers in 78 integral field units arrayed at the focus of the upgraded HET. VIRUS operates in a bandpass of 3500-5500 Angstroms with resolving power R~800. VIRUS is the first example of large scale replication applied to instrumentation in optical astronomy to achieve spectroscopic surveys of very large areas of sky. This paper presents technical details of the HET WFU and VIRUS, as flowed-down from the HETDEX science requirements, along with experience from commissioning this major telescope upgrade and the innovative instrumentation suite for HETDEX., Comment: 65 pages, 25 figures, published in the Astronomical Journal; replaced with final published version

Published
2021
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26. Search for photoproduction of axion-like particles at GlueX

Author

GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hagen, M., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Yoon, S., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present a search for axion-like particles, $a$, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the $a$-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses $a\to\gamma\gamma$ and $a\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for $a\to\gamma\gamma$ decays is performed in the mass range of $180 < m_a < 480$ MeV, while the search for $a\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decays explores the $600 < m_a < 720$ MeV region. No evidence for a signal is found, and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the $a$-gluon coupling strength. These constraints are the most stringent to date over much of the mass ranges considered., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; updated to published version

Published
2021
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32. Rational engineering of lung alveolar epithelium

Author

Leiby, Katherine L., Yuan, Yifan, Ng, Ronald, Raredon, Micha Sam Brickman, Adams, Taylor S., Baevova, Pavlina, Greaney, Allison M., Hirschi, Karen K., Campbell, Stuart G., Kaminski, Naftali, Herzog, Erica L., and Niklason, Laura E.

Published
2023
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35. Dedifferentiated early postnatal lung myofibroblasts redifferentiate in adult disease

Author

Rachana R. Chandran, Taylor S. Adams, Inamul Kabir, Eunate Gallardo-Vara, Naftali Kaminski, Brigitte N. Gomperts, and Daniel M. Greif

Subjects
lung myofibroblasts, fate mapping, alveolarization, hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Alveolarization ensures sufficient lung surface area for gas exchange, and during bulk alveolarization in mice (postnatal day [P] 4.5–14.5), alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ myofibroblasts accumulate, secrete elastin, and lay down alveolar septum. Herein, we delineate the dynamics of the lineage of early postnatal SMA+ myofibroblasts during and after bulk alveolarization and in response to lung injury. SMA+ lung myofibroblasts first appear at ∼ P2.5 and proliferate robustly. Lineage tracing shows that, at P14.5 and over the next few days, the vast majority of SMA+ myofibroblasts downregulate smooth muscle cell markers and undergo apoptosis. Of note, ∼8% of these dedifferentiated cells and another ∼1% of SMA+ myofibroblasts persist to adulthood. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of the persistent SMA− cells and SMA+ myofibroblasts in the adult lung reveals distinct gene expression profiles. For instance, dedifferentiated SMA− cells exhibit higher levels of tissue remodeling genes. Most interestingly, these dedifferentiated early postnatal myofibroblasts re-express SMA upon exposure of the adult lung to hypoxia or the pro-fibrotic drug bleomycin. However, unlike during alveolarization, these cells that re-express SMA do not proliferate with hypoxia. In sum, dedifferentiated early postnatal myofibroblasts are a previously undescribed cell type in the adult lung and redifferentiate in response to injury.

Published
2024
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36. Measurement of Spin Density Matrix Elements in $\Lambda(1520)$ Photoproduction at 8.2-8.8 GeV

Author

GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hagen, M., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., Zhou, Q., Zihlmann, B., Glazier, D. I., and Mathieu, V.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements of the $\Lambda(1520)$ in the photoproduction reaction $\gamma p\rightarrow \Lambda(1520)K^+$, via its subsequent decay to $K^{-}p$. The measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental program in Hall D at Jefferson Lab using a linearly polarized photon beam with $E_\gamma =$ 8.2-8.8 GeV. These are the first such measurements in this photon energy range. Results are presented in bins of momentum transfer squared, $-(t-t_\text{0})$. We compare the results with a Reggeon exchange model and determine that natural exchange amplitudes are dominant in $\Lambda(1520)$ photoproduction., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted version

Published
2021
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38. Domoic acid biosynthesis in the red alga Chondria armata suggests a complex evolutionary history for toxin production

Author

Steele, Taylor S, Brunson, John K, Maeno, Yukari, Terada, Ryuta, Allen, Andrew E, Yotsu-Yamashita, Mari, Chekan, Jonathan R, and Moore, Bradley S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biological Evolution, Biosynthetic Pathways, Diatoms, Dimethylallyltranstransferase, Harmful Algal Bloom, Kainic Acid, Multigene Family, Neurotoxins, Phylogeny, Rhodophyta, Shellfish Poisoning, natural products, neurotoxin, genomics, seaweed, biosynthetic gene cluster
Abstract

Domoic acid (DA), the causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning, is produced by select organisms within two distantly related algal clades: planktonic diatoms and red macroalgae. The biosynthetic pathway to isodomoic acid A was recently solved in the harmful algal bloom-forming diatom Pseudonitzschia multiseries, establishing the genetic basis for the global production of this potent neurotoxin. Herein, we sequenced the 507-Mb genome of Chondria armata, the red macroalgal seaweed from which DA was first isolated in the 1950s, identifying several copies of the red algal DA (rad) biosynthetic gene cluster. The rad genes are organized similarly to the diatom DA biosynthesis cluster in terms of gene synteny, including a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme critical to DA production that is notably absent in red algae that produce the simpler kainoid neurochemical, kainic acid. The biochemical characterization of the N-prenyltransferase (RadA) and kainoid synthase (RadC) enzymes support a slightly altered DA biosynthetic model in C. armata via the congener isodomoic acid B, with RadC behaving more like the homologous diatom enzyme despite higher amino acid similarity to red algal kainic acid synthesis enzymes. A phylogenetic analysis of the rad genes suggests unique origins for the red macroalgal and diatom genes in their respective hosts, with native eukaryotic CYP450 neofunctionalization combining with the horizontal gene transfer of N-prenyltransferases and kainoid synthases to establish DA production within the algal lineages.

Published
2022

39. Optimizing water and nitrogen productivity of wheat and triticale across diverse production environments to improve the sustainability of baked products

Author

Tamagno, Santiago, Pittelkow, Cameron M, Fohner, George, Nelsen, Taylor S, Hegarty, Joshua M, Carter, Claudia E, Vang, Teng, and Lundy, Mark E

Subjects
Agriculture, Land and Farm Management, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Crop and Pasture Production, Zero Hunger, Responsible Consumption and Production, sustainability, nitrogen, water, agri-food chain, baking industry, nitrogen use efficiency, Plant Biology, Crop and pasture production, Plant biology
Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major global commodity and the primary source for baked products in agri-food supply chains. Consumers are increasingly demanding more nutritious food products with less environmental degradation, particularly related to water and fertilizer nitrogen (N) inputs. While triticale (× Triticosecale) is often referenced as having superior abiotic stress tolerance compared to wheat, few studies have compared crop productivity and resource use efficiencies under a range of N-and water-limited conditions. Because previous work has shown that blending wheat with triticale in a 40:60 ratio can yield acceptable and more nutritious baked products, we tested the hypothesis that increasing the use of triticale grain in the baking supply chain would reduce the environmental footprint for water and N fertilizer use. Using a dataset comprised of 37 site-years encompassing normal and stress-induced environments in California, we assessed yield, yield stability, and the efficiency of water and fertilizer N use for 67 and 17 commercial varieties of wheat and triticale, respectively. By identifying environments that favor one crop type over the other, we then quantified the sustainability implications of producing a mixed triticale-wheat flour at the regional scale. Results indicate that triticale outyielded wheat by 11% (p

Published
2022

40. Improvements to the soil nitrate quick test for California small grains

Author

Nelsen, Taylor S., Rodriguez, Michael, McCullough, Ethan, Lewin, Serena N., Geisseler, Daniel J., Mathesius, Konrad, Becker, Taylor, Rosa, Gabriel G., and Lundy, Mark E.

Abstract

Small-grain crop growers need to match their crops' nitrogen (N) needs with fertilizer applications. This can be challenging because small grains are grown under diverse conditions and their growing season interacts with unpredictable precipitation. Resulting conditions can lead to nitrate-N leaching and runoff losses. More widespread and accurate soil N testing could help growers improve N fertilizer use efficiency, reduce the risk of N loss, and fulfill regulatory requirements. Soil samples from across California small-grain growing regions were tested with a soil nitrate quick test as well as standard laboratory procedures. The quick test is inexpensive and easy to use, and it provides rapid results. A correction factor was developed to convert the quick test values to lab and fertilizer equivalents. The correction factor is based on site-specific soil bulk density and the extracting solution used. An interactive webtool was developed that integrates this information for users. The quick tests provide accurate, real-time estimates of soil nitrate-N in the field to help improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N losses.

Published
2022

41. The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby–Eberly Telescope Wide-field Upgrade and VIRUS

Author

Hill, Gary J, Lee, Hanshin, MacQueen, Phillip J, Kelz, Andreas, Drory, Niv, Vattiat, Brian L, Good, John M, Ramsey, Jason, Kriel, Herman, Peterson, Trent, DePoy, DL, Gebhardt, Karl, Marshall, JL, Tuttle, Sarah E, Bauer, Svend M, Chonis, Taylor S, Fabricius, Maximilian H, Froning, Cynthia, Häuser, Marco, Indahl, Briana L, Jahn, Thomas, Landriau, Martin, Leck, Ron, Montesano, Francesco, Prochaska, Travis, Snigula, Jan M, Zeimann, Greg, Bryant, Randy, Damm, George, Fowler, JR, Janowiecki, Steven, Martin, Jerry, Mrozinski, Emily, Odewahn, Stephen, Rostopchin, Sergey, Shetrone, Matthew, Spencer, Renny, Cooper, Erin Mentuch, Armandroff, Taft, Bender, Ralf, Dalton, Gavin, Hopp, Ulrich, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Nicklas, Harald, Ramsey, Lawrence W, Roth, Martin M, Schneider, Donald P, Sneden, Chris, and Steinmetz, Matthias

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) is undertaking a blind wide-field low-resolution spectroscopic survey of 540 deg2 of sky to identify and derive redshifts for a million Lyα-emitting galaxies in the redshift range 1.9 < z < 3.5. The ultimate goal is to measure the expansion rate of the universe at this epoch, to sharply constrain cosmological parameters and thus the nature of dark energy. A major multiyear Wide-Field Upgrade (WFU) of the HET was completed in 2016 that substantially increased the field of view to 22′ diameter and the pupil to 10 m, by replacing the optical corrector, tracker, and Prime Focus Instrument Package and by developing a new telescope control system. The new, wide-field HET now feeds the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS), a new low-resolution integral-field spectrograph (LRS2), and the Habitable Zone Planet Finder, a precision near-infrared radial velocity spectrograph. VIRUS consists of 156 identical spectrographs fed by almost 35,000 fibers in 78 integral-field units arrayed at the focus of the upgraded HET. VIRUS operates in a bandpass of 3500-5500 Å with resolving power R ≃ 800. VIRUS is the first example of large-scale replication applied to instrumentation in optical astronomy to achieve spectroscopic surveys of very large areas of sky. This paper presents technical details of the HET WFU and VIRUS, as flowed down from the HETDEX science requirements, along with experience from commissioning this major telescope upgrade and the innovative instrumentation suite for HETDEX.

Published
2021

43. iDESC: identifying differential expression in single-cell RNA sequencing data with multiple subjects

Author

Yunqing Liu, Jiayi Zhao, Taylor S. Adams, Ningya Wang, Jonas C. Schupp, Weimiao Wu, John E. McDonough, Geoffrey L. Chupp, Naftali Kaminski, Zuoheng Wang, and Xiting Yan

Subjects
Single-cell RNA sequencing, Differential expression analysis, Subject effect, Zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has enabled assessment of transcriptome-wide changes at single-cell resolution. Due to the heterogeneity in environmental exposure and genetic background across subjects, subject effect contributes to the major source of variation in scRNA-seq data with multiple subjects, which severely confounds cell type specific differential expression (DE) analysis. Moreover, dropout events are prevalent in scRNA-seq data, leading to excessive number of zeroes in the data, which further aggravates the challenge in DE analysis. Results We developed iDESC to detect cell type specific DE genes between two groups of subjects in scRNA-seq data. iDESC uses a zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model to consider both subject effect and dropouts. The prevalence of dropout events (dropout rate) was demonstrated to be dependent on gene expression level, which is modeled by pooling information across genes. Subject effect is modeled as a random effect in the log-mean of the negative binomial component. We evaluated and compared the performance of iDESC with eleven existing DE analysis methods. Using simulated data, we demonstrated that iDESC had well-controlled type I error and higher power compared to the existing methods. Applications of those methods with well-controlled type I error to three real scRNA-seq datasets from the same tissue and disease showed that the results of iDESC achieved the best consistency between datasets and the best disease relevance. Conclusions iDESC was able to achieve more accurate and robust DE analysis results by separating subject effect from disease effect with consideration of dropouts to identify DE genes, suggesting the importance of considering subject effect and dropouts in the DE analysis of scRNA-seq data with multiple subjects.

Published
2023
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44. Vulnerabilities for Marginalized Groups in the United States Forensic Anthropology Education System: Paths to Engagement and Belonging

Author

Jesse R. Goliath, Erin B. Waxenbaum, and Taylor S. Borgelt

Subjects
pedagogy, belonging, marginalization, diversity, Anthropology, GN1-890, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

Implicit and explicit barriers to building a culture of belonging persist in U.S. forensic anthropology. These barriers create and exacerbate vulnerabilities, especially among marginalized groups, that need to be addressed. The lack of diversity in U.S. forensic anthropology is well documented. At the same time, there has been a significant upswing in academic programs focusing on forensic anthropology at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, to be successful and promote retention, these programs must address the pervasive structural barriers that continue to impede diversity. Major impediments include the hierarchical structure, illusion of objectivity, racial and cis-gender-biased methodologies, and belonging uncertainty. At all levels, peer engagement and active, constructive mentorship may both semantically and structurally allow for a bridge between the past and the future. Pedagogy and professional practices in forensic anthropology must be modernized and restructured to promote learning environments that foster belonging and engagement.

Published
2023
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45. Serum AZD7442 (tixagevimab–cilgavimab) concentrations and in vitro IC50 values predict SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralising antibody titres

Author

Lindsay E Clegg, Oleg Stepanov, Sam Matthews, Tom White, Seth Seegobin, Steven Thomas, Kevin M Tuffy, Mats Någård, Mark T Esser, Katie Streicher, Taylor S Cohen, and Anastasia A Aksyuk

Subjects
authentic virus assay, AZD7442 (tixagevimab–cilgavimab), COVID‐19 monoclonal antibodies, pharmacokinetics, pseudovirus assay, SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralising antibody titres, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Objectives The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) necessitates rapid methods for assessing monoclonal antibody (mAb) potency against emerging variants. Authentic virus neutralisation assays are considered the gold standard for measuring virus‐neutralising antibody (nAb) titres in serum. However, authentic virus‐based assays pose inherent practical challenges for measuring nAb titres against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants (e.g. storing infectious viruses and testing at biosafety level‐3 facilities). Here, we demonstrate the utility of pseudovirus neutralisation assay data in conjunction with serum mAb concentrations to robustly predict nAb titres in serum. Methods SARS‐CoV‐2 nAb titres were determined via authentic‐ and lentiviral pseudovirus‐based neutralisation assays using serological data from three AZD7442 (tixagevimab–cilgavimab) studies: PROVENT (NCT04625725), TACKLE (NCT04723394) and a phase 1 dose‐ranging study (NCT04507256). AZD7442 serum concentrations were assessed using immunocapture. Serum‐based half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were derived from pseudovirus nAb titres and serum mAb concentrations, and compared with in vitro IC50 measurements. Results nAb titres measured via authentic‐ and lentiviral pseudovirus‐based neutralisation assays were strongly correlated for the ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 Alpha. Serum AZD7442 concentrations and pseudovirus nAb titres were strongly correlated for multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 variants with all Spearman correlation coefficients ≥ 0.78. Serum‐based IC50 values were similar to in vitro IC50 values for AZD7442, for ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 and Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.2 and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. Conclusions These data highlight that serum mAb concentrations and pseudovirus in vitro IC50 values can be used to rapidly predict nAb titres in serum for emerging and historical SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.

Published
2024
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46. Studying Short-Range Correlations with Real Photon Beams at GlueX

Author

Hen, O., Patsyuk, M., Piasetzky, E., Schmidt, A., Somov, A., Szumila-Vance, H., Weinstein, L. B., Dutta, D., Gao, H., Amaryan, M., Ashkenazi, A., Beck, A., Berdnikov, V., Black, T., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W., Cruz-Torres, R., Dalton, M. M., Denniston, A., Deur, A., Egiyan, H., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Guo, L., Hauenstein, F., Haykobyan, H., Higinbotham, D. W., Ireland, D. G., Johansson, G., Kamel, M., Korover, I., Kuleshov, S., Lawrence, D., Livingston, K., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., McCaughan, M., Mckinnon, B., Meytal-Beck, S., Nerline, F., Nguyen, D., Papadopoulou, A., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Pybus, J. R., Ratliff, S., Romanov, D., Romera, C., Salgado, C., Schmookler, B., Segarra, E. P., Seroka, E., Sharp, P., Somov, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Taylor, S., Thiel, A., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The past few years has seen tremendous progress in our understanding of short-range correlated (SRC) pairing of nucleons within nuclei, much of it coming from electron scattering experiments leading to the break-up of an SRC pair. The interpretation of these experiments rests on assumptions about the mechanism of the reaction. These assumptions can be directly tested by studying SRC pairs using alternate probes, such as real photons. We propose a 30-day experiment using the Hall D photon beam, nuclear targets, and the GlueX detector in its standard configuration to study short-range correlations with photon-induced reactions. Several different reaction channels are possible, and we project sensitivity in most channels to equal or exceed the 6 GeV-era SRC experiments from Halls A and B. The proposed experiment will therefore decisively test the phenomena of np dominance, the short-distance NN interaction, and reaction theory, while also providing new insight into bound nucleon structure and the onset of color transparency., Comment: 38 pages, 26 figures, proposal for Jefferson Lab Experiment E12-19-003, submitted to Jefferson Lab PAC 47 (2019)

Published
2020

47. Measurement of beam asymmetry for $\pi^-\Delta^{++}$ photoproduction on the proton at $E_\gamma$=8.5 GeV

Author

GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report a measurement of the $\pi^-$ photoproduction beam asymmetry for the reaction $\vec{\gamma} p \rightarrow \pi^- \Delta^{++}$ using data from the GlueX experiment in the photon beam energy range 8.2--8.8 GeV. The asymmetry $\Sigma$ is measured as a function of four-momentum transfer $t$ to the $\Delta^{++}$ and compared to phenomenological models. We find that $\Sigma$ varies as a function of $t$: negative at smaller values and positive at higher values of $|t|$. The reaction can be described theoretically by $t$-channel particle exchange requiring pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor intermediaries. In particular, this reaction requires charge exchange, allowing us to probe pion exchange and the significance of higher-order corrections to one-pion exchange at low momentum transfer. Constraining production mechanisms of conventional mesons may aid in the search for and study of unconventional mesons. This is the first measurement of the process at this energy., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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48. The GlueX Beamline and Detector

Author

Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Ghoul, H. Al, Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Anassontzis, E. G., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barnes, A., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Benesch, J., Berdnikov, V. V., Biallas, G., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Brindza, P., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brock, J., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Carlin, C., Carman, D. S., Carstens, T., Cao, N., Chernyshov, O., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crahen, W. D., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dickover, C., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Dzierba, A., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gerasimov, A., Gevorgyan, N., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, A. Goncalves V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hardin, J., Henschel, C. L., Huber, G. M., Hutton, C., Hurley, A., Ioannou, P., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Katsaganis, S., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Keith, C. D., Klein, F. J., Kliemt, R., Kolybaba, D., Kourkoumelis, C., Krueger, S. T., Kuleshov, S., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Leckey, J. P., Lersch, D. I., Leverington, B. D., Levine, W. I., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Mattione, P. T., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., McIntyre, J., Meekins, D., Mendez, R., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mokaya, F., Moriya, K., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ni, H., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pierce, J., Pooser, E., Popov, V., Pratt, B., Qiang, Y., Qin, N., Razmyslovich, V., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Sandoval, N., Satogata, T., Schertz, A. M., Schadmand, S., Schick, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenova, I. A., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Sparks, N., Staib, M. J., Stanislav, C., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, J., Strakovsky, I. I., Summner, B. C. L., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teigrob, L. A., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Tolstukhin, I., Tomaradze, A., Toro, A., Tsaris, A., Van Haarlem, Y., Vasileiadis, G., Vega, I., Visser, G., Voulgaris, G., Walford, N. K., Werthmüller, D., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wolin, E., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based on triplet photoproduction. Charged-particle tracks from interactions in the central target are analyzed in a solenoidal field using a central straw-tube drift chamber and six packages of planar chambers with cathode strips and drift wires. Electromagnetic showers are reconstructed in a cylindrical scintillating fiber calorimeter inside the magnet and a lead-glass array downstream. Charged particle identification is achieved by measuring energy loss in the wire chambers and using the flight time of particles between the target and detectors outside the magnet. The signals from all detectors are recorded with flash ADCs and/or pipeline TDCs into memories allowing trigger decisions with a latency of 3.3 $\mu$s. The detector operates routinely at trigger rates of 40 kHz and data rates of 600 megabytes per second. We describe the photon beam, the GlueX detector components, electronics, data-acquisition and monitoring systems, and the performance of the experiment during the first three years of operation., Comment: Accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 78 pages, 54 figures

Published
2020
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49. Measurement of the Photon Beam Asymmetry in $\vec{\gamma} p\to K^+\Sigma^0$ at $E_{\gamma} = 8.5$ GeV

Author

The GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Cao, N., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goncalves, A., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ni, H., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Qin, N., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schertz, A. M., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction $\vec{\gamma} p\to K^+\Sigma^0$(1193) using the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. Data were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range of 8.2-8.8 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ was measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable $t$, and a single value of $\Sigma$ was extracted for events produced in the $u$-channel. These are the first exclusive measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction in this energy range. For the $t$-channel, the measured beam asymmetry is close to unity over the $t$-range studied, $-t=(0.1-1.4)~$(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$, with an average value of $\Sigma = 1.00\pm 0.05$. This agrees with theoretical models that describe the reaction via the natural-parity exchange of the $K^{*}$(892) Regge trajectory. A value of $\Sigma = 0.41 \pm 0.09$ is obtained for the $u$-channel integrated up to $-u=2.0$~(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$.

Published
2020
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50. Abrupt degenerately-doped silicon nanowire tunnel junctions

Author

Cordoba, Cristina, Teitsworth, Taylor S., Yang, Mingze, Cahoon, James F., and Kavanagh, Karen L.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We have confirmed the presence of narrow, degenerately-doped axial silicon nanowire (SiNW) $p$-$n$ junctions via off-axis electron holography (EH). SiNWs were grown via the vapor-solid-liquid (VLS) mechanism using gold (Au) as the catalyst, silane (SiH$_{4}$), diborane (B$_{2}$H$_{6}$) and phosphine (PH$_{3}$) as the precursors, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to stabilize the growth. Two types of growth were carried out, and in each case we explored growth with both $n$/$p$ and $p$/$n$ sequences. In the first type, we abruptly switched the dopant precursors at the desired junction location, and in the second type we slowed the growth rate at the junction to allow the dopants to readily leave the Au catalyst. We demonstrate degenerately-doped $p$/$n$ and $n$/$p$ nanowire segments with abrupt potential profiles of $1.02\pm0.02$ and $0.86\pm0.3$ V, and depletion region widths as narrow as $10\pm1$ nm via EH. Low temperature current-voltage measurements show an asymmetric curvature in the forward direction that resemble planar gold-doped tunnel junctions, where the tunneling current is hidden by a large excess current. The results presented herein show that the direct VLS growth of degenerately-doped axial SiNW $p$-$n$ junctions is feasible, an essential step in the fabrication of more complex SiNW-based devices for electronics and solar energy., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020

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