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Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum W. H. Tian & Maharachch. sp. nov. (FIG. 2) MycoBank: MB 844433 Etymology: The name refers to the cheiroid conidia Saprobic on submerged decayed wood in aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial on natural substrate, superficial, compact, dark brown to black, with base attached on the surface of substrate. Conidiophores micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells 7–12 × 5–11 μm (x̅ = 9 × 7 μm, n = 15), holoblastic, at the base of the spore, hyaline. Conidia 35–70 × 9–24 μm (x̅ = 57 ×19 μm, n = 30), solitary, dictyosporous, conical shaped, cheiroid, not complanate, consisting of 1–4 rows with each row composed of 6–10 cells, with a hyaline basal connecting cell, not easy to separate, brown, subhyaline at the tip of peripheral rows. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 h at 25 °C in the dark. Colonies on PDA circular, woolly at the margin, raised at the center, reverse yellow to brown center with a white margin. Material examined: CHINA, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Baiyungou, on submerged decayed wood, 103°24′19″ E, 30°47′52″ N, 27 September 2021, W. H. Tian BY112_3 (HKAS 124014, holotype), ex-type culture CGMCC 3.23623 = UESTCC 22.0020. Notes: Combined sequences of LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 confirmed the isolate of Neodigitodesmium formed a distinct clade in Dictyosporiaceae. However, it could not assign to any known genera (FIG. 1). In the combined gene tree, Neodigitodesmium is phylogenetically related to the Vikalpa australiensis (HKUCC 8797), Aquadictyospora lignicola (MFLUCC 17-1318) and Aquadictyospora clematidis (MFLUCC 17-2080) (FIG. 1), but they are not clustered on one branch and have obvious morphological differences. Neodigitodesmium is morphologically similar to Digitodesmium, both having sporodochial conidiomata and acrogenous, cheiroid, digitate conidia (Kirk 1981; Nóbrega et al. 2021). However, Neodigitodesmium differs from Digitodesmium and other Dictyosporiaceae members in conicalshaped conidia, composed of 1–4 compactly arranged rows of dark brown cells, with a hyaline basal connecting conidiogenous cells (FIG. 2). Therefore, Neodigitodesmium is described as a new genus based on phylogeny and morphological evidence., Published as part of Tian, Wenhui, Chen, Yanpeng & Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., 2022, Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 176-184 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on pages 179-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7021593, {"references":["Kirk, P. M. (1981) New or interesting microfungi II. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher Common, Surrey. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 77 (2): 279 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (81) 80031 - 9","Nobrega, T., Ferreira, B. W. & Barreto, R. W. (2021) Digitodesmium polybrachiatum sp. nov., a new species of Dictyosporiaceae from Brazil. Mycological Progress 20: 1135 - 1144. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 021 - 01717 - 5"]}

Digitodesmium tectonae (Rajeshkumar, R. K. Verma, Boonmee, K. D. Hyde, Chandrasiri & Wijayaw.) W. H. Tian & Maharachch, comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 844526 Basionym: Paradictyocheirospora tectonae Rajeshkumar, R. K. Verma, Boonmee, K. D. Hyde, Chandrasiri & Wijayaw, Phytotaxa 509 (3): 259–271 (2021). Notes: The genus Paradictyocheirospora was introduced by Rajeshkumar et al. (2021), with P. tectonae as the type species. The phylogenetic analysis based on a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1 sequences show that P. tectonae is clustered within Digitodesmium (FIG. 1). In addition, Paradictyocheirospora possesses key characteristics of Digitodesmium such as punctiform, sporodochial conidiomata, acrogenous, cheiroid, digitate conidia, with an apical gelatinous cap (Kirk 1981; Rajeshkumar et al. 2021; Nóbrega et al. 2021). Thus, Paradictyocheirospora and Digitodesmium are congeneric. Digitodesmium is the older name and should take priority, and this selection is recommended here., Published as part of Tian, Wenhui, Chen, Yanpeng & Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., 2022, Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 176-184 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7021593, {"references":["Rajeshkumar, K. C., Verma, R. K., Boonmee, S., Chandrasiri, S., Hyde, K. D., Ashtekar, N., Lad, S. & Wijayawardene, N. (2021) Paradictyocheirospora tectonae, a novel genus in the family Dictyosporiaceae from India. Phytotaxa 509 (3): 259 - 271 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 509.3.1","Kirk, P. M. (1981) New or interesting microfungi II. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher Common, Surrey. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 77 (2): 279 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (81) 80031 - 9","Nobrega, T., Ferreira, B. W. & Barreto, R. W. (2021) Digitodesmium polybrachiatum sp. nov., a new species of Dictyosporiaceae from Brazil. Mycological Progress 20: 1135 - 1144. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 021 - 01717 - 5"]}

Neodigitodesmium W. H. Tian & Maharachch. gen. nov. MycoBank: MB 844432 Etymology: Named after its morphological similarity to Digitodesmium Saprobic on submerged decayed wood in aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial on natural substrate, superficial, compact, dark brown to black, with base attached on surface of substrate. Conidiophores semi-macronmatous, micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, pale hyaline to brown at the base of the spore. Conidia solitary, dictyosporous, conical shaped, cheiroid, not complanate, with a hyaline basal connecting cell, brown, subhyaline at the tip of peripheral rows. Type species: Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum W. H. Tian & Maharachch. sp. nov., Published as part of Tian, Wenhui, Chen, Yanpeng & Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., 2022, Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 176-184 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on page 179, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7021593

In the context of global warming, many countries have announced their national targets in reducing their CO2 emissions. In order to evaluate the technology roadmaps that are necessary to achieve these targets of CO2 emissions, a flexible modeling framework is proposed in this article. This sectoral model avoids the complex computing operations and can be customized according to different requirements and situations. We simulate the model up to the horizon 2050, which is often seen as a turning point in energy use patterns worldwide (forced by the probable decline in hydrocarbons extraction). The technology roadmaps for governmental targets on CO2 emissions are studied for three typical countries: China, France, and the United States. The model covers the sectors responsible for the greatest part of CO2 emissions: power, transport, residence and industry sector, in studying the impacts of the principle energy technologies, such as energy mix, Carbon Capture and Storage, electric vehicles and energy efficiency. Different from classic cost-effective energy system models, our model provides the technology pathways for different criteria, such as balanced development of energy technology across sectors, availability of energy resources, etc. Besides, the sensitivity of parameters in the model is tested for robust simulations at each step of the work and for all technology roadmaps scenarios.