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This study examines the influence of title length and the number of words in titles on the view counts of YouTube videos, with a focus on optimizing title characteristics to enhance viewer engagement. Using a dataset of 12,466 Microsoft Excel tutorial videos published between January 2006 and November 2023, the analysis identifies significant patterns in title characteristics that affect viewership. The results reveal a bell-shaped relationship, with both mean and median view counts peaking at specific title lengths and word counts, emphasizing the importance of striking a balance between informativeness and brevity. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of visual information (character count) compared to semantic information (word count) in driving video engagement. By providing actionable insights, this research offers practical, costefficient guidelines for creators to optimize their video titles, ultimately contributing to more effective content strategies on digital platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this article, we intended to bring to the attention of the public only a small, but, nevertheless, conclusive part of the contribution of the publicist Vasile Avram (1940-2002). The analysis focuses on 25 book reviews published by the journalist in Transilvania journal between the years 1977 and 1989 under the “Mișcarea literară” column. This selection gives us the possibility to focus on a certain sub-category belonging to the opinion journalism that Vasile Avram often opted for, to aesthetically guide the targeted audience. We consider these critical texts sufficient to illustrate that the journalist had the rare quality of a critic of good taste.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Abū Turāb" is a title or kunya (teknonym) associated with 'Alī b. Abī 'ālib. According to historical accounts, it was initially given by Prophet Muhammad and gained popularity over time. However, this nickname was approached in two distinct ways: 'Alī's opponents used it pejoratively, while his supporters embraced it as a term of praise. This divergence led to debates about the Prophet's intention behind bestowing the name--whether it was meant to be derogatory or commendatory. So, who originally coined this title for 'Alī b. Abī 'ālib? Was it intended as a slight or a compliment? What were the perspectives of 'Alī's advocates and opponents regarding this title? Some orientalists have claimed that Shiites sought to elevate the status of Abū Turāb by fabricating hadiths to portray it as praiseworthy. This article will focus on the orientalists' viewpoints by analyzing historical accounts to demonstrate how the Umayyads used propaganda to vilify 'Alī, including the manipulation of hadiths attributed to the Prophet of Islam. Their aim was to consistently refer to 'Alī by this name to overshadow his many honorable titles. In this article, the lexical meaning of the title will first be examined to determine if it inherently carries a disdainful connotation. Following this, through historical research and analytical text study, I will argue that the Prophet initially used this title without derogatory intent. However, due to Umayyad propaganda, a negative connotation emerged, leading Shiites to avoid using the name. After the decline of the Umayyad dynasty, the title eventually became widespread among both Shiites and Sunnis as a commendatory term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulating the title and abstract of a manuscript is crucial to convey the essence of the research paper to the reader at a superficial glance. The title should be short and crisp, yet it should define critical information about the paper, such as the disease highlighted, any intervention studied, or the primary outcome. A structured abstract is required in most journals for an original research article, conveying a summary of the research. The keywords used in the title and abstract also play a vital role in the article's discoverability on various search engines, thereby increasing the overall reach and impact of the article. In this article, we highlight a few key points to consider while drafting the title and abstract of a medical manuscript.

From the inception of Kurdish literature to the present day, a majority of Kurdish poets have opted for pen names to identify themselves as authors of their poems. These pen names are carefully chosen, often drawing from the poet's given name, an honorific title, a poetic or eloquent term, a name linked to religion and Sufism, or a word reflecting the poet's mental, physical, and inner qualities or profession. By adopting these poetic pseudonyms, poets personalize their works and infuse them with their unique identities. The influence of Persian literature is notably evident in this practice. Research on poets' pen names in a language, along with the factors influencing their selection, not only sheds light on societal norms but also reveals the poet's worldview and perception of the world within and around them. Noteworthy aspects include the evolution of pen names over time, the reuse of previous pen names, the presence of multiple pen names for a single poet, and the selection of a specific one based on the context, all of which are distinctive features within Kurdish literature. This study explores the utilization of pen names, the methods behind their selection by poets, and the associated materials in the Kurdish literary tradition.

The article highlights the issue of choosing the titles of the works that make up The Story of a Life by K.G. Paustovsky and the general name of the cycle. The manuscripts, typescripts, and the writer’s correspondence, published only partially, allow us to trace the history of the search for the names of the third and fifth parts of the cycle and to establish their long-established working names — “Collapses of Time” and “Agitated Caucasus.” Materials from Paustovsky’s Collection in RGALI demonstrate that the sixth part was originally entitled “On Slow Fire (The Book of Wanderings).” The title was changed by the will of the editorial board of the journal “Novyi mir,” causing the writer’s regret. The expanded elements of the heading complex (the title, the epigraph, and the closely related framing parts) are characteristic of typescripts but do not always pass into the published text. Of the four parts that had epigraphs, only two have preserved them — the first and the last, and the framing parts remained unused. However, they are valuable because they shed light on the crucial concepts of Paustovsky’s works. The final titles of all six parts somehow convey the focalization of the character-narrator: his perception of the world, emotional state, and fixation of himself in time and space. Starting from the fifth part, as the manuscripts testify, the author correlates the new title with the titles of the already published parts, for which he makes peculiar lists.

Copyright of Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author of the article focuses on the paratextuality of "Kobzar" by T G. Shevchenko, particularly, on the relationship between the poetic texts of the collection and the titles. There made an attempt to classify the titles of the works from different positions. The poetic book of the well-known Ukrainian author includes 237 works, only 80 of them have material names. Materially expressed titles of poems, ballads and poems are in the researcher’s special consideration. The titles of T G. Shevchenko's poetic works are diverse in terms of substantive and factual information: they indicate the characters of the work, the place of "action", determine the main image-symbol or artistic detail, indicate information about the time. Also, T. G. Shevchenko's "Kobzar" presents trait names, symbolic names, attribute names, generalizations based on social phenomena, etc. Special attention is focused on the extratextual information of the titles, when their basis is not only the content of the work, but its associative connection with other aesthetic objects: allusions that testify to the connection with the folklore national-cultural context; allusions to the biblical text; allusions based on a connection with a specific person; borrowing titles; genre headings; names based on persistent phrases or aphorisms. In general terms, the author of the article analyzes zero titles. The characteristics of "technical" names by "theme" is presented (the lexical and syntactic features of the first phrase are used): name-phrases in which there is the author's assessment and the assessment of the characters, there is a hint of philosophical reflections, landscape description, dreams, warnings, memories, etc. It is noted that this classification of zero titles is conditional and does not fully convey the philosophical content of the works, somewhat impoverishes their poetic symbolism and only to some extent adjusts to the previous perception of the text.

Having in mind the basic pragmalinguistic principle which argues that traces of the unsaid are always present in our communication and guided by Jacob L. Mey’s assertion that titles can be tricky, this study seeks to explore the elements that influence authors’ choice of titles and the opaque meanings of such titles. This research adopted a pragmatic approach to discourse analysis with the aid of the notions of presuppositions, inferences, argumentative orientations, argumentative scales and the theory of possible worlds. Results indicate that the setting of a literary work, the cultural origin, beliefs and philosophies of its author, the era within which the work is written, and the use of figures of speech, among others, are elements that influence an author’s choice of a title of a literary piece. This study has further revealed that careful consideration of these factors could play a critical role in helping a reader unravel the deeper meaning of the title of a piece of work as well as the entire text. This study is a scholarly contribution to titrology, pragmatics, and discourse analysis.

The process of the birth of Russian cotton, reflected in the novel “Colonizers” by Boris Cheprunov, a descendant of settlers to the Turkestan region during the period of its conquest by the Russian Empire, is considered. Knowing the life of Central Asia from the inside - its languages, customs and culture, Cheprunov critically comprehends the process of colonization of Central Asia. The work of this writer fell out of the historical and literary process for political reasons; there was a fleeting attempt that did not receive continuation - without analysis, with half-truths, to return to him during the thaw period. The authors of the article do one more thing - to return to the history of literature of the twentieth century the work of a writer who was forcibly erased from the literary process. The purpose of the study is to highlight the theme of Russian cotton in the novel “The Colonizers” by B.V. in modern receptive practice. Cheprunova; objectives of the study: name the personalities and facts of the period of colonization of Central Asia who played a leading role in the birth of Russian cotton growing; highlight the colonialist intentions in Cheprunov’s novel; report the history of the publication of the novel “The Colonizers” and its tragic role in the author’s fate; consider the titles of the novel: one is the author’s, the second is given when the novel was published during the Thaw. The analysis of the article fits into modern Orientalist, or post-Saidian, scientific discourse.

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

CAIN AND ABEL ARE US. INCLUSIVITY IN INTERMEDIAL TRANSLATION Inclusivity in the context of translation is most commonly associated with inclusive language, not excluding anyone regardless of age, gender, orientation, disability, or origin. However, this concept can also be interpreted as involving the audience to co-participate in creating meaning, especially – though not exclusively – in the context of art. This article is dedicated to inclusivity understood in this way in intermedial translation. Its goal is to reveal the mechanisms of translating the title of the 7th edition of the theatrical meetings ‘Bliscy Nieznajomi’ (Close Strangers) which was ‘Cain and Abel’ onto various visual objects: poster, festival newspaper, and 3D installation.

In the domain of medical research, the importance of developing precise and informative elements such as the title, abstract, keywords, and authorship criteria cannot be overstated. This article provides salient points on drafting these essential components for effective communication, dissemination, and ethical behavior in the medical research field.

Background: The simple explanation of burnout syndrome is exhaustion from work and work-related factors. It is more common in work that requires face-to-face contact with people, such as dentists. In this study, we researched the burnout levels of dentists working in Turkey and evaluated them according to gender, title, place of work and experience. Methods: Burnout scores were determined by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. This questionnaire was delivered to dentists online through various social media applications. We analyzed data via SigmaPlot Software. Results: The answers of a total of 477 dentists were considered valid. We observed that 73,5% of them had high burnout scores. A statistically significant difference was found in the evaluations according to the title and workplace. Experience and gender do not statistically affect burnout scores. Conclusion: It has been observed that dentists working in Turkey are more likely to face burnout syndrome at high levels. It has been predicted that patient burden may be closely related to burnout syndrome.

The article conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the structural, semantic, and pragmatic features of scientific titles within Russian and English discourses. The relevance of the research stems from the need to identify modern trends in compiling scientific metatext across various linguistic and cultural communities, aiming to discover and implement the most efficient methods of encoding and disseminating scientific knowledge. The resultant findings could significantly enhance the overall quality of scientific work. The empirical basis for this study consists of article titles pertaining to linguistic matters, with Scopus and Web of Science editions providing the English examples, while the Russian equivalents are sourced from journals registered in the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles List. The criteria for the comparative analysis of the titles include a) qualitative and quantitative indicators of the lexical composition of the titles; b) methods of their syntactic organization; c) spectrum of the semantic dominants; d) design of the functional paradigm; e) degree and nature of expressiveness. Through this analysis, the authors identify several significant differences that shape the unique pragmatics of the aforementioned titles within their respective scientific domains. Among the most pertinent differences are the number and relative significance of the pragmatic functions carried out, giving insight into the linguistic mechanisms utilized at all textual organization levels.

Grimmsʼ fairy tales are fairy tales collected in German lands and literarily processed by the great germanists Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. They were included in the collection «Children’s and Household Tales» (German: «Kinder- und Hausmärchen»), originally published in 1812. Thanks to their depth and wonderful plots, these fairy tales have not lost popularity for several centuries and are read with pleasure by adults and children. The purpose of the research was to identify and describe the structural and semantic features of the titles, formulated by the German storytellers. The relevance. In the modern world of information, the title requires comprehensive research, since it is a key element of the deep part of the text content structure and orients the reader in the world of literature and journalism. The scientific novelty. In linguistics there is no consideration of the titles in Grimmsʼ fairy tales, their semantic and structural features. The research material. The titles of the most famous and popular fairy tales of German storytellers from the Kinder- und Hausmärchen collection. In the research the general scientific and linguistic methods were applied: descriptive method, method of classification and systematization, elements of structural and semantic analysis and quantitative calculation. The scope of application. The research can be used in the study and teaching of the style of the German language, pragmatics and text interpretation. The results. The author names the structural features of the titles in Grimmsʼ fairy tales, gives a percentage of the number of title-words, title-phrases, title-sentences, lists their semantic features, focuses on complex words, talking names, numerals, appellatives, diminutive suffixes, as well as on the facts from the plot of the fairy tale that the reader can already learn from the title.

From the inception of Kurdish literature to the present day, a majority of Kurdish poets have opted for pen names to identify themselves as authors of their poems. These pen names are carefully chosen, often drawing from the poet's given name, an honorific title, a poetic or eloquent term, a name linked to religion and Sufism, or a word reflecting the poet's mental, physical, and inner qualities or profession. By adopting these poetic pseudonyms, poets personalize their works and infuse them with their unique identities. The influence of Persian literature is notably evident in this practice. Research on poets' pen names in a language, along with the factors influencing their selection, not only sheds light on societal norms but also reveals the poet's worldview and perception of the world within and around them. Noteworthy aspects include the evolution of pen names over time, the reuse of previous pen names, the presence of multiple pen names for a single poet, and the selection of a specific one based on the context, all of which are distinctive features within Kurdish literature. This study explores the utilization of pen names, the methods behind their selection by poets, and the associated materials in the Kurdish literary tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Before and after a book there is a series of texts around it with different functions; these are the paratexts and they are always present to a greater or lesser extent. As doenças do Brasil, by the Portuguese writer Valter Hugo Mãe, draws attention because it contains paratexts in profusion: titles (of the novel, of the parts and of the chapters), summary, preface, epigraphs, dedication, afterwords, presentation of the author and of the book (on the back cover). In this work is mentioned practically all these paratexts; however, despite it starts from the title of the novel and above all the word diseases (physical and/or metaphorical), it focuses its reflection on the epigraphs, the dedication, and the afterwords. The theoretical references, among others, are the studies of Susan Sontag (1978), Gérard Genette (1987), and Antoine Compagnon (1996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeklady Literatur Slowianskich is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Formulating the title and abstract of a manuscript is crucial to convey the essence of the research paper to the reader at a superficial glance. The title should be short and crisp, yet it should define critical information about the paper, such as the disease highlighted, any intervention studied, or the primary outcome. A structured abstract is required in most journals for an original research article, conveying a summary of the research. The keywords used in the title and abstract also play a vital role in the article's discoverability on various search engines, thereby increasing the overall reach and impact of the article. In this article, we highlight a few key points to consider while drafting the title and abstract of a medical manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an analysis of the French translation of the titles of Hispanic American television series from Spanish as the source language. More specifically, this study underpins an analysis of the linguistic and functional disparities between the original titles and their translated versions. The basic corpus is made up of twelve series titles grouped according to the three main areas of production on the American continent. They are some series produced by Telemundo in the United States, Televisa in Mexico and Caracol in Colombia: Tierra de Reyes, Una maid en Manhattan, Lo que la vida me robó, Vino el amor, La bella Ceci y el imprudente y Sinú, rio de pasiones. The translated versions of these titles are as follows: Terre de passions, Amour à Manhattan, Les choix de l'amour, L'ivresse de l'amour, Un palace pour deux and La rivière de la passion. The fundamental problem lies in the treatment received by the titles during the process of translation into French and the result. Thanks to a comparative approach, we analyse the titles from a multidisciplinary perspective based on the premises of cultural semiotics and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and get to a number of conclusions. The main conclusion is that audiovisual translation, as far as titles are concerned, is essentially intended to conquer a large audience. Consequently, this translation generally goes beyond the level of linguistic and contextual equivalence between the source and target texts to take on the aspect of a much more creative translation.

This article is devoted to the consideration of the titles of modern German-language novels after 1989, expressed by a substantive phrase, from the standpoint of structural analysis. The purpose of the study is to identify lexical-pragmatic potential of the most frequent models of titles. The phrase in the process of speech is not reproduced in its entirety, but is constructed by the speaker in the process of speech. This allows us to treat the phrase as a free lexical unit. The relationship between the components of a phrase is characterized by greater freedom than the relationship between the components of a compound word. This freedom is expressed in the possibility of replacing each full-valued word as part of a phrase with another word of the same class without losing the grammatical essence of the phrase. However, such grammatical unlimited compatibility is opposed to the limitations in lexical compatibility of words. In this regard, phrases differ from phraseologisms, which are characterized by lexical and grammatical idiomatic. The semantic integrity of the phrase is manifested in the semantic gravitation of the components towards each other. The presence in the phrase of the organizing core and its subordinate component confirms the thesis about the structural closure of the phrase. The relevance of this study is due to the special status of the phrase in the grammar of the German language and the rich pragmatic potential for creating successful communication between the author and the reader of novel literature. The results of the study revealed the characteristic features of the titles of the above type and identified a group of titles with greater intertextuality for further study.

The Slogan Function of Titles in Dmytro Dontsov’s Political Journalism The aim of this article is to analyse the function of titles of Dmytro Dontsov’s works and to prove the validity of the hypothesis of their “slogan” nature. Dontsov (1883–1973) consciously used a number of linguistic devices for persuasive purposes. The polemical nature of his political writings was also reflected in the titles he gave to his texts. In Dontsov’s works, one can distinguish a number of lexically, semantically, phraseologically, or metaphorically marked titles, which allowed us to hypothesise that many of the examined titles play a role similar to that of a political slogan. The analysed titles contain elements that make it easier for the recipient to assimilate their condensed message. We notice the conciseness of the message and the deliberate use of a number of linguistic, eristic and stylistic means. This leads to the conclusion that such a construction of the title serves, similarly to advertising or political slogans, to mobilise and motivate the recipient-reader. Sloganowa funkcja tytułów w publicystyce politycznej Dmytra Doncowa Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcji tytułów utworów Dmytra Doncowa oraz udowodnienie słuszności hipotezy o ich „sloganowym” charakterze. Doncow (1883–1973) dla celów perswazyjnych świadomie wykorzystywał szereg środków językowych, przy czym polemiczny charakter pism politycznych Doncowa przejawiał się także w tym, jak tytułował swoje teksty. W jego twórczości można wyróżnić szereg tytułów nacechowanych leksykalnie, semantycznie, frazeologicznie czy metaforycznie, co pozwala postawić hipotezę, że wiele z nich pełni rolę zbliżoną do hasła politycznego. Analizowane tytuły zawierają elementy ułatwiające odbiorcy przyswojenie ich skondensowanego przekazu. W tytułach Doncowa zauważamy zwięzłość przekazu oraz celowe użycie szeregu środków językowych, erystycznych i stylistycznych. Prowadzi to do wniosku, że taka konstrukcja tytułu służy, podobnie jak ma to miejsce w przypadku sloganów, mobilizacji odbiorcy-czytelnika do politycznej aktywności.

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article introduces the phenomenon of intentionality in media texts with a precedent phenomenon in the headline. The author studied the way intentionality develops, functions, and structures itself. Journalists often incorporate precedent phenomena into the media text to demonstrate their intention and creativity. However, the intentional nature of online texts is a major text-forming feature that makes the sender choose particular linguistic means to affect the addressee. The intentional potential of using precedents from different subject areas in media texts showed the following trends: the corpus of precedents expands, and precedent units redistribute themselves relative to the core and periphery.

Purpose: The current research compares the representative elements (title, abstract, and keywords) of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network with the proposals’ elements. The other goal of this research is to calculate representative elements’ weighted average (title, abstract, and keywords) from a textual similarity perspective. Methodology: This is an applied and quantitative research that uses citation analysis and content analysis. The research sample is 3019 articles extracted from the citation network of 31 graduated students’ proposals (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in Chemistry at Shiraz University. All English articles' titles in the proposals' references were searched on the Web of Science database, and each article's file and all articles’ files in its citation network were saved in Excel format. All retrieved files were merged into one file and sorted based on citation count to have the unit citation network for each user's proposal. Because some of the proposals had an extended citation network with more than a thousand articles, 100 articles with the greatest citation count of each network were analyzed to create uniformity and balance among the proposals’ citation networks. Next, the scale of textual similarity of 100 articles' representative elements with the greatest citation count in the citation network, was calculated with the proposal’s title, the proposal’s text, and the titles of the proposal’s references. The scale of textual similarity was checked using designed software based on the Python programming language and measuring the cosine similarity. Findings: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference between the articles’ representative elements and the title, text, and references’ titles of the proposals from a textual similarity viewpoint; and in all three cases articles’ abstracts had the most textual similarity with the proposal elements, then, the title and keywords of the articles' citation network were in the second and third ranks; In addition, the representative elements’ weighted average was calculated. The obtained value was 0.62 for the abstract, 0.5 for the title, and 0.22 for the keywords, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the use of different platforms to measure the similarity between the documents searched and the documents desired by the user, there is still a distance to reach the ideal level. Until now, no research had used the representative elements of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network to measure the textual similarity with the proposal elements and had not evaluated their capability. The confirmation of textual similarity among the representative elements of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network with proposals’ elements, indicates that the student's proposal can be used as a platform for recommending related articles. Hence, the designers of scientific recommender systems, scientific information retrieval systems, digital libraries, and scientific social networks such as LinkedIn, Academia, and ResearchGate can use the elements of articles' citation networks to recommend related articles. In addition, considering the articles’ representative elements as independent units is important not only for similarity measurement but also for keyword expansion and suggesting the appropriate journal to the authors for publishing their articles. According to the determined weight of representative elements and to increase the efficiency of information systems, it is suggested that designers of such systems use the abstracts and the titles of the articles to measure the similarity and avoid calculating the similarity of the texts as a whole unit. This saves time, resources, and energy, presents better results, and users can reach their target and desired information more easily and faster than before. In addition, for indexing articles in databases and search engines, the articles' abstracts and titles can be prioritized to save financial resources and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the issue of translating film titles. The author examines the latest blockbusters as a material enabling not only an interesting class discussion on translation strategies, but also, or perhaps foremost, approach to titles as instruments for acquiring the knowledge of a language and culture. Film titles and methods of translating them from foreign languages are presented in the text as a class component that could help develop language competence in learners, i.e. a skill that is often overlooked in the traditional language education model, which focuses primarily on grammatical correctness and reconstruction of language patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmanlı Devleti’nde şer’i mahkemelerde verilen kararların kayıt altına alındığı defterlere şer’iyye sicili ya da kadı sicili denilmektedir. Sicillerde mahkemeye konu olan kişilerin isimleri ve unvanları yer almaktadır. Bu unvanlar, kişilerin toplumdaki statüsünü göstermeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, sicillerde hanım unvanına sahip kadınlar tespit edilmiştir. Hanım unvanı; saygınlık belirten bir kelime olup, bir kadının Osmanlı toplumundaki statüsünü göstermektedir. Sicillerde yer alan bin yüz otuz yedi hüküm incelenerek hanım unvanına sahip bin iki yüz dokuz isme ulaşılmıştır. Hangi isimlerin sıklıkla geçtiği tespit edilerek yüzyıllar içindeki toplumsal değişimin kadın isimleri üzerindeki etkisi ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde sicillerde yer alan kadınların hanım unvanını taşımasının sebeplerine yer verilmiştir. Bu unvanı taşıyan kadınların, babaları ya da kocaları toplumda veya devlet içinde saygın konumda bulunan kişiler olmuşlardır. Saygın bir statüde bulunan kimsenin kızından veya karısından “hatun” unvanıyla değil, “hanım” unvanıyla bahsedilmesi dikkat çekici bir husustur. Hanım unvanına sahip kadınların taşıdıkları isimler Osmanlı Devleti’nin toplumsal yapısı hakkında bilgiler vermektedir. Bu makalede, kadınların hanım unvanına sahip olmasının Osmanlı toplumunda statü sahibi olabilmelerinin neye tekabül ettiğine dair yeni bir açılım sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.

The paper examines in detail the history of the creation of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, as well as the methods of its research in Western and Russian literary studies. The author proposes to combine a careful reading of this text with the notion of this poem as a spiritual autobiography of Eliot, which has various dimensions: from personal, proper poetic to esoteric. Based on the analysis of the biography of the young Eliot, the poet's relationship with J. Verdenal, the history of the poem, the drafts, the final text, the title of the poem, the epigraph, the poem's place in the poet's work, Eliot's statements about “Prufrock” the paper identifies the parameters of the symbolism of this work, which, playing on Eliot's complex relationship with the inexpressible (having an ambivalent nature), extends to its composition (the relationship of “I” and “you”; the paradoxical nature of the ending), the system of images and motifs (Prufrock as a theatrical person, the opposition of the male and female world), the special sense of reminiscences from Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, the philosophy of creativity as a mystery (Prufrock as a poet, combination of eroticism and mysticism, the theme of sacred crime) and love (homoerotic theme), genre (elusiveness of genre, Faustian beginning in it), symbolism and esoterics (“Prufrock” as a Masonic text on initiation, on life as theatre). The author gave a special place to the concretization of ekphrases (Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Burne-Jones), the content of which confirms the thesis that the poem has a text in the text.

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the study of the structural and semantic features of the titles of works of modern Ukrainian literature for children and youth. It was found that the analyzed titles are usually multi-meaningful, they are characterized by a high level of generalization. In the projection on figurative and semiotic characteristics, three types of titles are distinguished: titles-indicators, titles-images, titles-symbols. In modern literature for children and young, titles-images and titles-symbols prevail, because it is their use that realizes the ambiguity of the title, and therefore of the work in general. Typical structural models of the titles of works for children and youth were revealed: titles-word forms, titles-phrases and titles-sentences. The selected actual material proves that the largest group is the titles-subordinate phrases. Within this group, we trace the quantitative unevenness of various types of phrases. The most frequent in terms of usage are titles expressed by a substantive phrase. Instead, verb and adverbial phrases occur occasionally. Single-component titles, expressed by nouns in the nominative case, and titles-simple sentences are also common. Titles-complex sentences are less productive. The titles expressed by the nominative case of representation and models of doublet headings are described and analyzed. We see the prospect for further scientific research in the study of the pragmatic potential of titles of works of modern Ukrainian literature for children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the sections that readily captures the attention of readers of scientific articles is the title, but unfortunately, some authors, although being competent in writing the main content of the article, and considering the matters related to the writing style, mostly lack the skill required to couch the title in an attractive way. Methods: In this article, using three decades of experience in teaching and writing medical texts and articles, efforts were made to present four structural styles for writing the title of articles, so that respected researchers would not be unaware of the use of other styles that are uncommon in English. In addition, this article tries to introduce 13 methods of writing articles in terms of content and explain 8 of them which are widely used in medical sciences along with examples. Other points that can help improve the writing of the title of the articles are presented below, and at the end, the author provides explanations on how to write the purpose of the study as it is considered a major component of an article. Result: The review of articles published in English by those whose mother tongue is Farsi or English reveals important and noticeable differences in the writing style of the articles and also the purpose of the study. Conclusion: Resolving these discrepancies mainly requires holding numerous workshops and familiarizing respected researchers with metadiscoursal differences in the field.

Publication of scientific papers is an important requirement for many peoples from graduate students to all stages of scientists worldwide. As an important step, manuscript must pass the reviewing processes by editors and reviewers to allow the research output to be published, but the appearance of the submitted manuscripts can vary greatly, resulting in an immediate rejection without reviewing or poor reviewing results after passing the first round by editor, but not the second one by reviewers. Because of this, I would like to discuss two specific items of a manuscript, namely title and illustration, in this communication as my focal points. With this effort, improvement on manuscript quality, and more the success rate, is my wish, so that both authors and reviewers can benefit from the information presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate and study the manuscript of Mu’in al-Muqri’ al-Nahreer on knowing what the title, the poem, and the simplification are characterized by, by Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali Al-Bilbeisi (797 AH).To this end, I followed the required scientific approach including a sufficient study of the author and his book, which includes a study of the author through translating his works, the compliments he received from scholars, and his scientific impacts. Then, I studied the manuscript sufficiently, including documenting the book name, attribution of the book to the author, the sources that the author mentioned, his approach, and a description of the manuscript, with attached samples of it. The second chapter includes the investigated text, the scientific approach was used to investigate the text such as transcribing manuscripts, comparing the copies, attributing the verses, documentation of texts and sayings .. etc. I concluded the research with the key results, such as the importance of this type of classification for the students of Quranic readings, which is concerned with collecting and explaining what each book of the famous scholars’ books are characterized by, which are approved by the people of this art, to simplify it for them. The manuscript confirmed the scientific status of Imam Al-Bilbeisi - May Allah bless his soul- since this type of classification requires exploration, recalling ideas, and mastering books to be able to find matters. In addition, the specialist needs to read more to know the uniqueness of each of the original books in this science, until he distinguishes and masters the methods, to reach a level that he can recognize them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Toruńskie Studia Polsko-Włoskie / Studi Polacco-Italiani di Toruń is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Law & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the Swedish translation of the short story Continuidad de los parques, written by the Argentine author Julio Cortázar and translated into Swedish by the translator Jan Sjögren. This short story is an excellent piece of metafiction as it plays with the re­lationship between a fictional reader and the real reader. By creating an aesthetic illusion, Cor­tázar leaves the reader in a tense state with a number of unanswered questions during the rea­ding of the text. The analysis shows that this state of tension is weakened and works differently in the Swedish version of the story. By changing the title and other minor, but substantial, parts of the text, the translator transfers his interpretation of the text onto the Swedish trans­lation. The narrative structure is altered and, as a result, the reader of the Swedish version does not have access to the sa­me multiple interpretations afforded by Cortázar’s Spanish text.

Mongɣol-un niɣuca tobčiyan, the “Secret History of the Mongol,” is the only work of its kind from the era of the Mongolian world Empire, it has a complex history as a text but was originally written in (Middle) Mongolian. It is a linguistically very rich source, not only for the Mongols but for many other groups who are seen allied with or appear fighting against the Mongols, the latter bearers of the power of Eternal Heaven and of the potent sanction of the ancestors. Thus, in addition to overt political assertions to guide the new Mongolian Empire, and its rulers’ managers, and commanders, and containing carefully selected and crafted statements of events of myth and history. These are designed to buoy up the imperial state of affairs and Mongolian society in general, Adapted documents and even works of a literary character are among the devices used to this end. Given its nature, it is only to be expected too that the “Secret History” also is a rich source of a full history behind the scenes of told by the personal names and epithets, and titles of Mongols, but also the names, epithets, and titles of many non-Mongols who had military, political and diplomatic contacts with the Mongols in the early 13th century. These names, epithets, and titles tell entirely their own story. Thus, grasping their potential importance, these names, epithets and, titles have been studied by many researchers, from a variety of perspectives. Here, we, a Mongolist and a Turkologist, have banded together, to follow in the footsteps of these investigators who have gone before, offering our historical-comparative analysis of the related words inal/inanča/inaq, and their semantic and morphological structure, examined within a larger context of the “Secret History” and its monumental, literary linguistic and cultural world. Our analysis will be primarily based on the “Secret History,” but also on other historical texts and documents, as well as information offered by Mongolists, but also provided by those in closely related disciplines, in Turkology in particular, for example, this is only natural since Mongols and Turks closely interacted in building an empire, and the new, often mixed cultures that emerged from it.

Publishing a scientific article is an art by itself and each section of the manuscript has its relevance and importance. Usually, the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections are considered the core contents of a manuscript. However, the remaining sections such as the title, abstract, keywords, references, and others are no less important. The title and the abstract are the first read and the most easily accessible parts of a manuscript. Hence, unless the title is concise and specific, the reader may not go on to read the full manuscript. Similarly, a poorly written abstract not reflective of the manuscript may lead to outright rejection of a manuscript or may not attract the readers even if the manuscript is accepted. Keywords help in finding the appropriate scientific contents during literature search and properly chosen keywords help in greater visibility and wider dissemination of one's research. Adequate citation and proper referencing are the responsibility of every researcher. It helps in giving due credit to previous research and researchers and lends credibility to one's work. Deficiencies in citing appropriately or in referencing may lead to publication misconduct and rejection of the manuscript. Similarly, failure to disclose a conflict of interest or source of funding may lead to rejection or even retraction of the manuscript. Hence, all the efforts put in conducting a study and writing the core content would be wasted if enough attention is not given while writing these sections of the manuscript.

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Civilization Studies / İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi (IMAD) is the property of Islam Medeniyeti Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the basic guidelines for writing titles of articles intended for publication in scientific journals. The relevance of the topic touched upon in this article is due to the fact that currently teachers are faced with the need to train master degree students at both linguistic and non-linguistic faculties to write scientific articles in English. The title is a very important part of the article, since it presents in a concise form the main information about the content of the publication. A well-formulated title can interest the reader and make him or her eager to read the article. On the contrary, titles which are too complicated to understand, cumbersome, and vague are unlikely to attract attention and arouse the interest of a potential reader. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of guidelines for writing titles that can be found in the English-language literature. The author also analyzes the typical mistakes that Russian-speaking authors make when writing titles of articles in English. Research methods include analysis, description, observation, comparison. The results of the study showed that the most common causes of errors in the formulation of titles are linguistic interference and ignorance of the peculiarities of the English-speaking communicative culture related to written communication in the scientific field. It is concluded that the course «Written academic communication in English» should be included in the Master course program, which will familiarize students with the main features of scientific articles in English and teach future authors to correctly formulate the titles of their publications.