Search

Currently the world is facing global warming, one of the causes of which is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For these reasons, the disclosure of GHG emission information is one of the interesting research areas. However, previous research generally focused on developed countries with inconsistent findings. In this sense, this study aims to contribute to GHG disclosure by analyzing the characteristics of firms as determinants of GHG emission disclosure in a developing country, Indonesia. This study also analyzed the role of corporate governance consisting of the structure of the board of commissioners and the effectiveness of the audit committee in moderating the effect of corporate characteristics on GHG emission disclosure. The sample consisted of 69 firms-years companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results of testing with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that the structure of the board of commissioners; consisting of indicators of independence, women representation, and the number of members of the board of commissioners; strengthened the leverage effect on GHG emission disclosure. The results of the moderation test also showed that the effectiveness of the audit committee can encourage firms with high leverage and poor performance to reveal more GHG emissions.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) is one of the major causes of hospitalization and death in people living in southeast Asia. Until recently, the incidence of DHF/DSS and dengue fever in the Americas has been limited. In 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Cuba, with 344,203 reported cases, with 10,312 severe illnesses and 158 deaths. The clinical, virological and epidemiological findings from 124 cases of DHF/DSS in children and 104 cases in adults, including 57 deaths of children and 26 of adults are reported. The dengue virus, serotype 2, was isolated from affected individuals and from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are the insect vector of the virus. Clinical symptoms of children included fever, rash (hemorrhagic manifestations), gastrointestinal illness, petechiae (minute areas of hemorrhage in the skin), stomach pain, enlarged liver, and shock occurring after sudden onset of fever and vomiting. The mean age of the children who were hospitalized was four years old. In areas where the disease is endemic, adults do not generally develop dengue fever, as they are usually infected as children and thus develop immunity to the virus. Therefore, this is the first time clinical data has been reported in adults. In adults, the disease was characterized by fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, purpura, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, swelling of the liver, abdominal pain, and shock. Risk factors included the existence of antibodies to dengue virus, and preexisting chronic diseases including asthma, sickle cell anemia and diabetes mellitus. Children, adult women, and whites were at greatest risk. The epidemic was brought under control, thanks to the rapid diagnosis and early treatment of the disease and to the eradication of the mosquito vector. The economic cost of the epidemic was estimated to be about $103 million. It is felt that other epidemics of DHF/DSS in this region may occur, because there are at least three subtypes of the dengue virus circulating to which individuals are not immune, and because the mosquito vector is abundant in other areas outside of Cuba. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.), Introduction Although circulation of dengue virus has been widely documented in the Region of the Americas, reports of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) have been sporadic--in contrast to the [...]

The Solar Activity Magnetic Monitor (SAMM) Network (SAMNet) is a future UK-led international network of ground-based solar telescope stations. SAMNet, at its full capacity, will continuously monitor the Sun’s intensity, magnetic, and Doppler velocity fields at multiple heights in the solar atmosphere (from photosphere to upper chromosphere). Each SAMM sentinel will be equipped with a cluster of identical telescopes each with a different magneto-optical filter (MOFs) to take observations in K I, Na D, and Ca I spectral bands. A subset of SAMM stations will have white-light coronagraphs and emission line coronal spectropolarimeters. The objectives of SAMNet are to provide observational data for space weather research and forecast. The goal is to achieve an operationally sufficient lead time of e.g., flare warning of 2–8 h and provide many sought-after continuous synoptic maps (e.g., LoS magnetic and velocity fields, intensity) of the lower solar atmosphere with a spatial resolution limited only by seeing or diffraction limit, and with a cadence of 10 min. The individual SAMM sentinels will be connected to their master HQ hub where data received from all the slave stations will be automatically processed and flare warning issued up to 26 h in advance.

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This article introduces a review of research that has implemented oxytocin measurements in different fluids such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and, mainly, saliva. The main purpose is to evaluate the level of evidence supporting the measurement of this biomarker implicated in a variety of psychological and social processes. First, a review of the technical developments that allowed the characterization, function establishing, and central and peripheral levels of this hormone is proposed. Then, the article approaches the current discussions regarding the level of reliability of the laboratory techniques that enable the measurement of oxytocin, focusing mainly on the determination of its concentration in saliva through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Finally, research results, which have established the major physiological correlates of this hormone in fields such as social neuroscience and neuropsychology, are collected and discussed in terms of the hormone measurement methods that different authors have used. In this way, the article is expected to contribute to the panorama of debates and current perspectives regarding investigation involving this important biomarker., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Water oxidation is the bottleneck reaction for overall water splitting as a direct and promising strategy toward clean fuels. However, the development of robust and affordable heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts remains challenging, especially with respect to the wide parameter space of synthesis and resulting material properties. Oxide catalysts performance in particular has been shown to depend on both synthetic routes and applied catalytic test methods. We here focus on spinel-type Co 3 O 4 as a representative case for an in-depth study of the influence of rather subtle synthetic parameter variations on the catalytic performance. To this end, a series of Co 3 O 4 samples was prepared via time-saving and tunable microwave-hydrothermal synthesis, while systematically varying a single parameter at a time. The resulting spinel-type catalysts were characterized with respect to key materials properties, including crystallinity, oxidation state and surface area using a wide range of analytical methods, such as PXRD, Raman/IR, XAS and XPS spectroscopy. Their water oxidation activity in electrocatalytic and chemical oxidation setups was then compared and correlated with the obtained catalyst properties. Both water oxidation methods displayed related trends concerning favorable synthetic parameters, namely higher activity for lower synthesis temperatures, lower precursor concentrations, addition of hydrogen peroxide and shorter ramping and reaction times, respectively. In addition to the surface area, structural features such as disorder were found to be influential for the water oxidation activity. The results prove that synthetic parameter screening is essential for optimal catalytic performance, given the complexity of the underlying performance-properties relationships., (Copyright © 2020 Lienau, Triana, Reith, Siol and Patzke.)

This paper describes the behavioral data of an experiment in which water flows (WFs) were first used as replacement of the traditional electric shocks to test free-operant avoidance in Betta splendens (Hurtado-Parrado et al. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.021). WFs with a duration of 10 s each were delivered with 30-s flow-flow (F-F) and response-flow (R-F) intervals in a custom-made shuttle tank. Fish escaped or avoided the WFs by changing compartments. Crossings during the WFs, interrupted the flows, were automatically scored as escape (Esc), and initiated a new R-F interval. Crossings that occurred during R-F or F-F intervals were scored as avoidance responses and also reset the R-F interval. We compared the effect of adding a warning stimulus - curtains of air bubbles - to the last 5 s of the R-F interval; i.e., signaled versus unsignaled avoidance. A unique development of the WFs procedure, and thus the data here described, is that crossings were further differentiated into subcategories; namely, early avoidance (EA) if a crossing occurred during the first 25 s of the R-F interval; late avoidance (LA) if a crossing occurred during the last 5 s of the R-F interval; and Flow-Flow avoidance (FF) if a crossing occurred anytime during the F-F interval. Here we present the data of six bettas across the different phases of the experiment; namely, baseline (BL - no WFs programmed), signaled avoidance (SA - warning stimulus scheduled), and unsignaled avoidance (UA - no warning stimulus scheduled). The dataset available at the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository (http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FMHXD (Hurtado-Parrado et al., 2019)) includes for each fish and per 20-min daily session the total number of crossings; frequency of each type of crossing (Esc, EA, LA, FF); total WF frequency and duration, the total time spent in each compartment, and an index of preference for each compartment based on the proportion of time spent in the tank's compartments.

Background: Vitamin D dependent rickets type I is a rare hereditary disease due to a mutation in CYP27B1 encoding the 1α-hydroxylase gene. Clinically, the condition is characterized by hypocalcemic rickets in early infancy due to a deficit in the production of the vitamin D active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D 3 ., Case Report: We report the case of a patient diagnosed at 11 months with follow-up until 9 years of age., Conclusions: The pathophysiology of the disease and the relevance of early diagnosis and management are discussed., (Copyright © 2015. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A.)

Background: The development of liposuction provided plastic surgeons with a safe and effective way to sculpt the human figure. The techniques and instrumentation used in the performance of liposuction have evolved significantly since its introduction., Objective: The authors review their experience with different liposuction techniques over the past 25 years., Methods: Data from patients who had undergone liposuction were collected from the personal databases of four different surgeons and from the database at the Corpus and Rostrum Plastic Surgery Clinic in Cali, Colombia. A retrospective review was conducted and the results from different liposuction techniques were compared., Results: A total of 26,259 patient charts were reviewed. The results showed that 5% of patients experienced a postsurgical seroma. Postsurgical fibrosis developed to some degree in 2.3% of patients. Anemia was present in 18% of all patients and in 60% of those patients who underwent dry liposuction. Ninety percent of patients reported postoperative pain. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 0.03%, as was the incidence of pulmonary embolism. Mortality was 0.01% and was mainly caused by pulmonary embolism. Patient satisfaction was similar for all of the described techniques., Conclusions: The incidence of anemia was reduced significantly in patients undergoing tumescent liposuction versus dry liposuction. However, the occurrence of seroma increased with the introduction of tumescent liposuction. The incidence of postoperative pain and fibrosis was similar for all liposuction techniques reviewed. The aesthetic results obtained using ultrasound- or laser-assisted liposuction were similar to those obtaining using other techniques.