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Amaç: Gebelik sırasında sigara ve alkol tüketimi doğum eylemi üzerinde istenmeyen etkilere neden olmaktadır. Altta yatan mekanizmalar hala tam olarak anlaşılmamış olmakla birlikte, bozulmuş miyometriyum fonksiyonel yanıtları bu komplikasyonların nedenlerinden biri olabilir. Bu çalışmada, kronik sigara ve alkol tüketiminin izole term-gebe sıçan miyometriyum şeritlerinin fonksiyonel yanıtlarına etkisini araştırdık. Yöntem: 21 Wistar albino sıçanı üç gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol; Sigara grubu, sıçanlar 12 hafta boyunca sigara dumanına maruz kaldı; Alkol grubu, sıçanlara 12 hafta boyunca etanol uygulandı (n = 7, her bir grupta). Doğum dönemlerinde bulunan sıçanlardan izole edilen miyometriyal düz kas şeritleri, izometrik kayıt almak üzere organ banyosuna yerleştirildi. Karbakol (10-8-10-4 M), oksitosin (10-9-10-3 M) ve diltiazem (10-8-10-4 M) kümülatif konsantrasyonlarının miyometriyal spontan kasılmalar üzerindeki etkileri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Karbakol kasılma yanıtlarının amplitüd ve frekansları sigara grubunda anlamlı olarak artarken, alkol grubunda azaldı. Oksitosin ile indüklenen miyometriyal kasılmaların frekansı sigara maruziyetiyle artarken, kasılmaların amplitüdü değişmedi. Amplitüd ve frekans olarak oksitosin kasılmaları alkol grubunda azaldı. Her iki grupta da diltiazem gevşeme yanıtları arasında kontrollerine göre anlamlı olarak fark yoktu. Sonuç: Bu bulgular miyometriyal düz kasının kasılma ve gevşeme yanıtlarını değiştirmek yoluyla, sigara maruziyetinin erken doğuma neden olabileceğini ve alkol maruziyetinin gebelik süresini uzatabileceğini göstermektedir. Diltiazem gebelikte her iki durumda da tokoliz için yararlı bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and LED light on improving postharvest quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits. In the present study, UV-B treated to cherry fruits 10, 20, and 40 min, and then stored dark conditions. On the other hand, the blue (M), red (KR) and ultraviolet-A (UVA) LED light had applied to fruit during storage, continuously. Fruits without application were used as a control. Cherry fruits were stored at 4±1°C temperature with 85-90% RH for 35 days. As a result of the study, the best treatment in terms of increasing the TSS/TA rate (19.3), fructose (5.27%), glucose (6.22%), total soluble phenol (170.16 mg/100 mL CAE) and anthocyanin content (12.11 mg/kg FW), red color, and taste quality (4.63) of fruits was UVB20. It has also been seen that the KR treatment could be used to reducing the titratable acidity content, and increase the amount of fructose, total soluble phenol. The UV-A LED treatment is particularly significant in reducing weight loss, and providing in the fruit stalk remains green. Also, the treatments of both UVB and LED improved the color quality of cherries by increasing brightness, darkening red color, and protection of anthocyanins, whereas increased the EL. As a result, it might be concluded that the UVB20 (5.95 kJ / m2s) treatment was the best and usable treatment to maintaining both biochemical and taste quality cherry fruits during cold storage.

Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and this relationship is probably mediated in part by inflammation. Objective: The current study evaluated the effects of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, on endothelial and vascular reactivity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity, and serum and aortic concentrations of TNF-α in a diet-induced rat model. Design and results: Male weanling Wistar rats were exposed to a standard diet and cafeteria diet (CD) for 12 weeks and etanercept was administered during CD treatment. Isolated aortas of the rats were used for isometric tension recording. Carbachol-induced relaxant responses were impaired in CD-fed rats, while etanercept treatment improved these endothelium-dependent relaxations. No significant change was observed in papaverine- and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxant responses. eNOS expression decreased in CD-fed rats, but no change was observed between etanercept-treated CD-fed rats and control rats. CD significantly increased both the serum and the aortic levels of TNF-α, while etanercept treatment suppressed these elevated levels. CD resulted in a significant increase in the body weight of the rats. Etanercept-treated (ETA) CD-fed rats gained less weight than both CD-fed and control rats.

We investigated the effect of resveratrol on endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS) expression in the corpus cavernosum from chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-exposed rats in order to examine possible role of proinflammatory cytokines, which might play a role on erectile dysfunction (ED). Rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups such as control, control+resveratrol, CUMS and CUMS + resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day, i.p/8 weeks). Sucrose intake and forced swimming tests were used to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. nNOS, eNOS expressions, inflammatory markers, corticosterone and testosterone levels were analyzed either in blood samples and/or penile tissues. CUMS-exposed rats displayed depressive-like behaviors, reduced penile nNOS and eNOS expressions, and serum testosterone levels and enhanced serum and penile tissue levels of proinflammatory markers compared to controls. Resveratrol reversed depressive-like behaviors and suppressed serum and penile levels of proinflammatory markers, increased nNOS and eNOS expressions and testosterone levels in CUMS-exposed rats. Resveratrol exerted antidepressant-like effects and protected the development of CUMS-induced impairment of cavernosal eNOS and nNOS expressions associated with ED, which might be related to its anti-inflammatory action.

In this study, the effects of ethanol which is applied in different forms as liquid and vapor after harvest on chilling injury, color and overall quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ceylan) during storage were examined. For the liquid ethanol treatments, cucumber fruits were immersed in water comprising different concentration of ethanol for 5 minutes. In order to apply ethanol in the form of steam, a pad was firstly impregnated with ethanol at different doses. This pad was placed in a polystyrene foam dishes, and after the cucumber fruit is placed on it, the dishes wrapped with stretch film. The doses for used the both ethanol treatment as: Controldip(CD), Controlvapor (CV), 200 µL/L, 400 µL/L , 800 µL/L and 1600 µL/L. It was concluded that the liquid ethanol treatment at the dose of 1600 µL/L was effectively delayed of chilling injury, softening and decay rate.

Chronic stress is an important public health problem known as a risk factor for depression, cognitive deficits, and also erectile dysfunction (ED). Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, was reported to activate constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Although resveratrol has been proven to exert beneficial effects on the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced decline in cognitive functions, its potential protecting effect on the penile tissue subjected to UCMS was in fact not investigated. Therefore, restorative effects of resveratrol on neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxations were evaluated in the corpus cavernosum of rabbits exposed to UCMS. Eighteen male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into three groups (n = 6 in each group): controls; UCMS; and UCMS rabbits treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 12-week period of stress induction. UCMS was induced by a couple of defined adverse conditions applied in a shuffled order for 12 weeks. Neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxations of corpus cavernosum were assessed by using organ bath studies. Both the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic and carbachol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxant responses significantly decreased in physiological stress and resveratrol treatment exhibited a marked improvement in these relaxation responses in vitro. Our results indicated that chronic psychological stress could lead to ED by reducing neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxations and resveratrol prevents impairment of the functional responses, suggesting a potential new treatment approach for treatment of ED during psychological stress.

Amac: Bu calismada, genetik absans epilepsili WAG/Rij sicanlarda kronik etosuksimid (ETS) tedavisinin absans nobetler ve gozlenebilecek olasi kardiyovaskuler degisiklikler uzerindeki etkilerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Iki aylik erkek Wistar ve WAG/Rij sicanlar; Wistar kontrol, Wistar ETS, WAG/Rij kontrol ve WAG/Rij ETS gruplarina ayrilmistir (n=20). ETS gruplari 3 ay boyunca kronik ETS tedavisi (oral, 300 mg/kg/gun) almislardir. Uc aylik tedavi periyodunun sonunda EEG kayitlari kullanilarak diken dalga desarjlarinin (DDD) toplam sure, ortalama sure ve sayisi degerlendirilmistir. Ortalama arteriyel kan basinci (OAB) ve kalp hizi (KH) olcumleri gerceklestirilmistir. Bulgular: ETS tedavisi WAG/Rij sicanlarda DDD’leri toplam sure, ortalama sure ve sayi acisindan anlamli olarak azaltmistir. OAB, WAG/Rij kontrol grubunda Wistar kontrol grubuna gore anlamli olarak artmistir. KH, Wistar ETS grubunda Wistar kontrol grubuna gore anlamli olarak azalmistir. KCl aracili kasilma yanitlarinda Wistar kontrol grubuna gore Wistar ETS grubunda anlamli artma, WAG/Rij kontrol grubunda anlamli azalma saptanmistir. Sonuc: Sonuclarimiz OAB ve vaskuler reaktivitenin WAG/Rij sicanlarda arttigini gostermistir. ETS tedavisi, WAG/Rij sicanlarda kardiyovaskuler parametreleri degistirmezken Wistar sicanlarda KH ve vaskuler reaktiviteyi azaltmis OAB’yi etkilememistir. Bu degisikliklerde T-tipi Ca++ kanallarinin rol oynayabilecegi dusunulmektedir.

Aksöz, Elif (Balikesir Author), Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. One of the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drug, metformin, has been shown to have beneficial effects on restoring impaired cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metformin on spatial memory in terms of alleviating scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in rats by using the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the modified elevated plus-maze (mEPM) test. Furthermore, we investigated the possible mechanisms of action of metformin in preventing cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Male Wistar rats received metformin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) via gavage feeding for three weeks. Scopolamine was administered intraperitoneally before the probe step of the MWM test or the acquisition session of the mEPM test. Results: The learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine was reversed by metformin. In addition, metformin improved the level of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and cAMP responsive element binding protein. However, metformin pretreatment had no impact on inhibiting the scopolamine-induced changes in acetylcholine levels. Furthermore, metformin exerted its antioxidant effect by significantly reversing scopolamine-induced changes in malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and superoxide dismutase levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our results indicate that one of the most commonly used antidiabetic drug, metformin, has the potential to prevent the development of dementia and be a novel therapeutic drug for the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction in AD., Balikesir University

Introduction Diabetes is associated with anxiety and depression. Resveratrol, one of the most potent natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties, has been demonstrated to have benefits against diabetes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on depression and anxiety-like behaviors in diabetic rats. Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned for control and diabetic groups, and these groups were divided into four subgroups as follows: Saline-treated, DMSO-treated, resveratrol-treated and imipramine-treated animals (n=10). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg), and 2 days after the STZ injection the rats having hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dl) were assigned to be diabetic. Rats in treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. After 4-week-treatment period, tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze test (EPM) and locomotor activity test were performed. Blood samples were collected to estimate serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase (Nox) levels. Results Diabetic rats displayed depressive-like behaviors in the FST and TST, and anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM. Resveratrol and imipramine decreased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors without affecting locomotor activity in diabetic rats. A significant reduction in SOD levels and a marked increase in Nox levels were observed in diabetic rats. Resveratrol treatment normalized these levels, while imipramine did not affect neither SOD nor Nox levels. Conclusion This study indicates that chronic resveratrol treatment may able to treat comorbid anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in diabetes through inhibition of oxidative stress.