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A sífilis é uma infecção causada pelo Treponema pallidum, com transmissão que costuma ocorrer por via sexual, podendo atravessar a placenta e atingir o feto, levando à sífilis congênita. A doença atingiu incidência de 8,2 casos/1000 nascidos vivos no ano de 2019, níveis superiores aos valores determinados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde além de associar-se a uma série de complicações. Diante da realidade exposta, o presente estudo objetivou analisar o binômio mãe/filho diagnosticados com sífilis gestacional e congênita durante os anos de 2011 e 2020 no estado de Sergipe a partir do estudoobservacional e retrospectivo mediante dados secundários do SINAN/DATASUS. Os dados foram compilados em planilhas por meio do programa Microsoft Excel® Office XP e, para a interpretação estatística desses, foram realizadas análise por meio de frequências relativas, absolutas e cálculo das médias e do desvio padrão. Foram identificados 4048 casos de sífilis gestacional e 3419 casos de sífilis congênita. A maioria das gestantes é parda, encontra-se na faixa entre 20 e 29 anos de idade e com baixa escolaridade. Verificou-se que 90,7% dos casos apresentaram diagnóstico de sífilis congênita precoce e a taxa de abortos/natimortos pela doença foi de 9,27%. Ainda no contexto da sífilis congênita, 75,4% das mães realizaram o pré-natal e 55,6% foram diagnosticadas somente em momentos posteriores, além disso, 69,4% dessas mães foram submetidas ao tratamento, porém, somente 1,4% foram consideradas adequadamente tratadas. Conclui-se que houve aumento no número de casos e taxas de detecção da sífilis gestacional e congênita e que, apesar da realização do pré-natal pela maioria das gestantes, o diagnóstico é dado de forma tardia e o tratamento é realizado inadequadamente, fatores que corroboram para a disseminação da doença e prejudicam o seu controle.

This article works to understand what happens to women working in the public sector, especially women in traditionally male occupations, such as the police. Moreover, in Latin America and in most developing countries, it is crucial to examine the interaction between precarious jobs and gender discrimination. The article finds that gender discrimination is accentuated in organizations with precarious labor conditions. To illustrate this problem, it examines the police force in Mexico. This is a crucial case study for understanding the phenomena: Mexico is an extremely violent country, but conditions in the police force are highly precarious for workers. Moreover, this labor precariousness has an even greater impact on female police officers. In addition to working in a profession characterized by instability, they also face structural barriers to the performance of their duties and greater obstacles to entry and promotion within the organization. Furthermore, women face the glass ceiling as well as a hostile work culture that expresses itself through discrimination. Resumen Este articulo analiza que sucede con las mujeres que trabajan en ocupaciones del sector publico tradicionalmente masculinas, como la policia. Ademas, en America Latina y en la mayoria de los paises en desarrollo, es clave examinar la interaccion entre empleos precarios y discriminacion por motivos de genero. De hecho, encontramos que esta ultima se acentua en organizaciones con condiciones laborales precarias. Para ilustrar este problema examinamos la organizacion policial en Mexico. Este es un caso de estudio clave para entender el fenomeno: Mexico es un pais extremadamente violento, no obstante, las condiciones laborales de la policia son precarias. Esta precariedad tiene un mayor impacto para las mujeres pues ademas de trabajar en una profesion caracterizada por la inestabilidad, enfrentan barreras estructurales en el desempeno de sus funciones y mayores obstaculos de ingreso y ascenso dentro de la organizacion.

Introdução: A malária é considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo como um todo, sendo isto levado em consideração pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e que em 2017 estimou um número de 219 milhões de casos para esta doença, com um aumento de 2 milhões ao ano anterior, mas apenas as três primeiras são encontradas na região brasileira. Seus aspectos clínicos incluem febre elevada, calafrios, cefaleia, os seus padrões na clínica vão de acordo com o seu agente etiológico e se não for tratado de forma cabível o seu quadro pode chegar causar um coma e até mesmo óbito. Tem-se 54 espécies do gênero Anopheles no Brasil, sendo muito distribuídos por todo o país e dentre dos que se destacam mais é o Anopheles darlingi, muito presente na região amazônica, sendo considerado o seu principal vetor. Com uma vasta distribuição geográfica e boa adaptabilidade. O seu ciclo de sazonalidade está muito ligado ao período das chuvas já que a criação dos seus criadouros depende desses fatores, além de estar ausente ou com muita pouca presença, em regiões onde se tem períodos longos de seca. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e espacial da malária na região norte na última década. Métodos: Revisão narrativa com estudo epidemiológico, e abordagem literária retirada dos bancos de dados do Google acadêmico e Scielo, sendo encontrados nos idiomas português e inglês. Resultados: A distribuição da malária pelas capitais os dados estavam tendo uma variação muito pequena, Porto Velho teve o maior número de casos na faixa etária de 20-39 e 40-59, Rio Branco e Palmas tiveram os menores números em todas as faixas etárias. Discussão: A malária ainda é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, no Brasil, a doença ainda apresenta elevado risco de transmissão na região da Amazônia Legal, sendo a causa de consideráveis perdas sociais e econômicas das populações sob risco, principalmente daquelas que vivem em condições precárias de habitação e saneamento. Conclusão: A malária continua sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, fatores sociais, econômicos e até mesmo políticos são agravantes para a propagação desta doença, no entanto, existem atitudes que podem influenciar positivamente para sua não reprodução, desde o individual até o coletivo, tais como a extrema importância um alerta sobre a doença, podendo haver o investimento em propagandas e meios que viabilizem a informação e que seja de fácil entendimento a todos.

espanolEl articulo se propone reivindicar la centralidad de la duda en la labor filosofica. A traves del examen de diferentes paginas de pensadores como Giordano Bruno, Platon, Montaigne, Lessing, Feynman o Einstein, se muestra como cualquier verdad sera siempre transitoria, siendo la verdad ultima un limite inalcanzable por el ser humano. Analogamente, cualquier posesion de verdad sera siempre ilusoria y, al hacer inutil la busqueda, impedira ineludiblemente el progreso. EnglishThe article aims to vindicate the centrality of doubt in philosophical work. Through the examination of different pages from thinkers such as Giordano Bruno, Plato, Montaigne, Lessing, Feynman or Einstein, it is shown how any truth will always be transitory, the ultimate truth being an unattainable limit for the human being. Similarly, any possession of truth will always be illusory and, by rendering the search useless, will inevitably impede progress.

espanolLa Ultima Cena es uno de los temas mas representados en la visualidad de la cristiandad occidental. La obra de Jaume Ferrer conservada en el Museo Diocesano y Comarcal de Solsona ha sido entendida por los especialistas como una representacion de dicho tema. En la presente investigacion se tratara de demostrar que la obra de Ferrer no es una Ultima Cena sino una Uncion en Betania. La argumentacion se realiza a partir de dos ejes fundamentales: la inexistencia en la representacion de los tipos iconograficos propios del tema de la Ultima Cena y la importancia del papel de Judas y Maria Magdalena como antagonistas. La metodologia empleada es la propia de la iconografia e iconologia y los materiales utilizados remiten tanto a variadas fuentes textuales (Nuevo Testamento, evangelios extra-canonicos, patristica, leyendas, sermones, canones…) como a otras imagenes que forman parte de la tradicion cultural convencionalizada de la obra objeto de estudio asi como de su ambito conceptual e imaginario. EnglishThe Last Supper is one of the most represented themes in the visuality of Western Christendom. The work of Jaume Ferrer conserved in the Diocesan and Regional Museum of Solsona has been understood by specialists as a representation of this theme. This research will try to show that Ferrer’s work is not a Last Supper but The Anointing at Bethany. The argument is made from two fundamental axes: the non-existence in the representation of the iconographic types of the theme of the Last Supper and the importance of the role of Judas and Mary Magdalene as antagonists. The methodology used is that of iconography and iconology and the materials used refer both to various textual sources (New Testament, extra-canonical gospels, patristics, legends, sermons, canons ...) and to other images that are part of the cultural tradition of the work under study as well as its context in a boarder sense.

This article briefly explains how the theory of the Austrian School and the Feminist Theory intertwine following, in this last theory, one of the fundamental authors, Betty Friedan. Beyond the typical interpretations about the feminist movement as a left-wing ideology, it is underlined, the importance of the role in the right to the private property concerning the development of its proposals and the need that economic freedom exists to promote the wealthness to all the citizens. Key words: State, Freedom, Equality, Capitalism, Right, Education, Private Property, Feminism, Evolution of Society, Justice. JEL Classification: P1. Resumen: En este artículo se explica brevemente cómo se entrelaza la teoría de la Escuela Austriaca con la teoría feminista, siguiendo, en esta última corriente, a una de sus autoras fundamentales, Betty Friedan. Yendo más allá de las interpretaciones típicas sobre el movimiento feminista como una ideología de izquierdas, se resalta la importancia del papel del dere-cho a la propiedad privada en el desarrollo de sus propuestas y la necesi-dad de que exista libertad económica para fomentar la riqueza de toda la ciudadanía. Palabras clave: Estado, Libertad, Igualdad, Capitalismo, Derecho, Educación, Propiedad Privada, Feminismo, Avance Social, Justicia. Clasificación JEL: P1.

The authors analyze new types of offenses of Art. 304 § 2 and 3 CC, focusing on the issue of normative structures derived from criminal law (and other branches of law) and their mutual relations. Assuming that due to the principle of subsidiarity (ultima ratio) of criminal law, it is not possible to prohibit conduct previously not deemed unlawful by provisions of civil law, the authors conclude that the condition of liability for new “usury crimes” is determination of unlawfulness of the demanded interest or other costs of the loan, assessed from the perspective of civil law.

Recognition of human dignity and respect for fundamental human rights cannot be restricted to a single category of human beings. The idea that anyone could be considered non-persona, to whom an “Enemy criminal law” may be applied, is incompatible with an ultima ratio liberal notion of penal law. The humanisation of criminal law is manifested in the growing number of contemporary societies that have abolished or limited the death penalty. Nevertheless, life or long-term imprisonment sentences still prevail, and are on the rise, despite lacking theoretical or philosophical justification in the laws that prescribe them. In this article we will attempt to answer various questions regarding a possible justification for life imprisonment. Different theories will be examined regarding the goals of sentencing in order to determine, on discussing each theory, whether it is possible to justify life imprisonment or other long-term incarceration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/Rev.Repub.2021.v30.a103

Resumen: En este trabajo se pone en relieve las principales políticas científicas impulsadas por CONICET en cuanto al desarrollo de la ciencia histórica durante la última dictadura militar. Concentrándose en los agentes intervinientes y sus políticas implementadas, se evalúa el impacto de las mismas a lo largo de la última dictadura cívico-militar y luego tras la recuperación democrática, observando ambigüedades, continuidades y rupturas. Abstract: This work highlights the main scientific policies promoted by CONICET regarding the development of historical science during the last military dictatorship. Focusing on the intervening agents and their implemented policies, their impact is evaluated throughout the last civic-military dictatorship and after the democratic recovery, observing ambiguities, continuities and ruptures.

espanolLa evolucion de la proteccion de la diversidad sexual en las instituciones europeas es incontestable, aun cuando aun es necesario ampliarla a derechos tradicionalmente vetados a las minorias LGBTI. En este sentido, las ultimas respuestas jurisprudenciales del TEDH y del TJUE apuntan en direcciones distintas respecto de un asunto tan controvertido como el reconocimiento de las parejas del mismo sexo, y en ultima instancia, del matrimonio homosexual. En este articulo se acomete el analisis de los ultimos casos que han dado lugar a esta diferente interpretacion. EnglishThe evolution of the protection of sexual diversity by the European institutions is indisputable, even if it is still necessary to grant it in relation to rights traditionally not recognized to LGBTI minorities. In this sense, the last jurisprudence of the ECHR and the CJEU give different answers when dealing with such a controversial issue as it is the recognition of same-sex partners, and ultimately, same-sex marriage. This paper tries to analyze the most recent cases leading to such a different interpretation.

Slides from Stacey Gabriel's talk at the Ultima Genomics Silver Sponsor Workshop at AGBT 2022, For additional information about the GATK pipeline described in this presentation, see https://terra.bio/updated-gatk-pipeline-for-ultima-genomics-data/

A 21. században a világnak újabb és újabb típusú veszélyekkel kell szembenéznie, amelyek kezelése során gyakran alkalmazzák elsődleges eszközként a legintruzívabb közhatalmi beavatkozás lehetőségét biztosító büntetőjogot. Meglátásunk szerint a büntetőjog hagyományos megtorláson és elrettentésen alapuló prevencióelmélete önmagában azonban kevéssé alkalmas bizonyos modernkori veszélyek – így terroristacselekmények, a szervezett bűnözés – elhárítására. Feltételezésünk szerint a közrend, közbiztonság megóvása, fenntartása, mint állami feladat csak abban az esetben biztosítható, ha az ilyen kiemelt veszélyességű cselekmények esetében nem a már megtörtént bűncselekményre reagál az állam, és az elkövetők példás megbüntetésével kívánja a generális prevenció céljait elérni, hanem akkor, ha képes a még el sem követett bűncselekmények megelőzésére, az elkövetők felderítésére, elfogására, jövőbeli cselekményük megakadályozására. Az államnak polgárai biztonságának garantálásához eszközökre, törvényi felhatalmazásra van szüksége. Tanulmányunkban a kriminálpolitika mibenlétének és alakulásának áttekintését követően, egy álláspontunk szerint kiemelt jelentőségű kriminálpolitikai vezérelvet mutatunk be: a végső eszköz (ultima ratio) jellegű büntetőjog követelményét. Célunk elsődlegesen az, hogy felhívjuk a figyelmet a magatartásirányítás büntetőjogon kívüli eszközeiben rejlő lehetőségekre, amelyek alkalmazásával bizonyos, a büntetőjoggal kevéssé jól kezelhető jelenségekkel szemben hatékonyabb védelmi mechanizmus alakítható ki.

espanolEste ensayo estudia Pather Panchali (La cancion del camino) (1955) y Agantuk (El extrano) (1999) y detalla el estilo cinematografico del director indio bengali Satyajit Ray, que combino estilo europeo con un simbolismo basado en iconografia tipica india. El trabajo se centrara en la representacion de una familia en un entorno rural, en Pather Panchali, y en un entorno urbano en la ultima pelicula de Ray, Agantuk. El objetivo es senalar los planos y los dialogos que permiten que estas peliculas puedan ser consideradas estudios etnograficos de sociedades bengalies en narrativas de ficcion cinematograficas. EnglishThis essay focuses on Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road, 1955) and Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and discusses the style of Satyajit Ray’s filmmaking which combined the aesthetics of European verisimilitude with suggestive symbolism based on conventional Indian iconography. The paper will concentrate on the authentic representation of a poor family in rural Bengal in Pather Panchali and the urban setting, in his last film Agantuk. The main aim is to explore how the detailing of the shots and the dialogues in these films engage in the ethnographic study of the Bengali society through these cinematographic fictional narratives.

Iceland — an independent republic — and Greenland — an autonomous country within Denmark — represent two nations with similar geographical, economic, and historical backgrounds. Isolated from the continents, both are significantly affected by an adverse climate, making their economies dependent on trade and import. Nevertheless, despite their similarities, their national energy patterns differ substantially. Specifically, Iceland covers most of its energy mix with local renewables, whereas Greenland meets most of the energy demand with imported hydrocarbons. This paper investigates the reasons for Greenland lagging behind Iceland in terms of developing renewable energy resources. It hypothesises that, apart from the commonly-mentioned geographical, institutional, and cultural factors, the difference in social capital level has significantly contributed to the countries’ divergent energy strategies. In this sense, Iceland’s higher social capital stock stimulates its renewable power progress, whereas Greenland’s lower social capital level hampers it. To examine this hypothesis, the article constructs a ‘social capital tripod’, which assumes specific geographical, institutional, and cultural factors to be linked to renewable energy development through social capital. The findings demonstrate that Greenland, being dependent on hydrocarbon import, has a significantly lower expected level of social capital than Iceland, which runs mostly on renewables, therefore generally aligning with the research hypothesis.

El artículo investiga la recepción de la teología negativa del Pseudo Dionisio en los trabajos filosóficos y especulativos de las obras teológicas de Alan de Lille. En la primera parte, el artículo discute cómo Alan de Lille aplicó la teología negativa de Pseudo Dionisio al problema de la translatio y los límites del lenguaje teológico. En la segunda parte, el artículo arroja luz sobre las problemáticas referencias textuales y alusiones en la apropiación y observaciones de Alan de Lille sobre Pseudo Dionisio. En la última sección, el artículo argumenta que, a pesar de la falta de acceso de Alan de Lille a la totalidad del Corpus Areopagiticum, su interpretación y adopción de la teología negativa es filosóficamente convincente. This article investigates the reception of Pseudo-Dionysius’s negative theology in Alan of Lille’s philosophical and speculative theological works. In the first part, it discusses how Alan applied Pseudo-Dionysius’s negative theology to the problem of translatio and the limits of theological language. In the second part, it sheds light on the problematic textual references and allusions in Alan’s appropriation of and remarks about Pseudo-Dionysius. In the final part, the article argues that, despite Alan’s lack of access to the complete CorpusAreopagiticum, his interpretation and adoption of negative theology is philosophically compelling.

O objetivo deste artigo é buscar compreender alguns fenômenos poéticos do chamado “tempos indigentes”, a luz das reflexões do filósofo Martin Heidegger (2002), que se manifestam na imagem mítica da Criação no poema “A ÚLTIMA OBRA” (2008), de Santiago Villela Marques, a fim de interpretarmos como o divino e o poético podem surgir simultaneamente pelos corpos poemáticos que compõem a produção lírica da contemporaneidade. Para tanto, faremos um percurso analítico-fenomenológico que nos proporcione reflexões sobre o dizer sagrado dos poetas pelos seguimentos dos deuses foragidos, em relação ao tempo-espaço da era do mundo em que o poema é criado: na virada milenar e no século XXI. Palavras-chave: Martin Heidegger. Poesia. Lírica. Santiago Villela Marques.

espanolEl presente articulo se propone analizar proyectos fotograficos feministas que surgen en Buenos Aires (Argentina) durante 1980. Alicia D’Amico e Ilse Fuskova son fotografas feministas que reflejan en sus trabajos las reivindicaciones de los movimientos de mujeres en los que participan. En un momento marcado por el final de la ultima dictadura argentina y el inicio de la recuperacion democratica, estas artistas toman los cuestionamientos que las feministas viene realizando sobre las imagenes de las mujeres y desarrollan proyectos en donde la identidad esta en construccion rompiendo con los estereotipos femeninos circulantes. EnglishThe aim of this article is to analyse feminist photographic projects that emerged in Buenos Aires (Argentina) during 1980. Alicia D’Amico and Ilse Fuskova are feminist photographers who reflect in their work the demands of the women’s movements in which they participated. At a time characterised by the end of the last Argentine dictatorship and the beginning of the return to the democracy, these artists reflects in their works the questions that feminists have been asking about women’s images and develop projects where identity is under construction, breaking with gender stereotypes.

This paper analyzes public debate pertaining to a demonstration by the Toronto chapter of Black Lives Matter (BLMTO) at the city’s 2016 Pride parade. The movement’s actions, and ultimately the organization itself, have been widely condemned for disrupting the event and calling attention to anti-Black racism within the Toronto Police Service and queer spaces. A critical discourse analysis of mainstream media content reveals the emergence of three major themes repeated across Canadian news outlets in the denouncement of BLMTO. Central to this process is the myth of multiculturalism, which effectively displaces the phenomenon of racism onto previous centuries and other countries. By scrutinizing the parameters of the Canadian national imaginary, this paper reveals the ways in which anti-Black racism has become compounded by the mainstream LGBT movement. Este artículo analiza el debate público acerca de una manifestación de la agrupación de Toronto de Black Lives Matter (BLMTO) en el desfile del Orgullo de 2016. Las acciones de BLMTO y, en última instancia, la propia organización, han recibido fuertes críticas por interrumpir la celebración y por llamar la atención al racismo contra los negros por parte del cuerpo de policía de Toronto y los espacios queer. Un análisis crítico del discurso de contenidos de medios de gran difusión revela la emergencia de tres grandes temas que se repiten en los medios canadienses en la denuncia a BLMTO. Un eje central de este proceso es el mito del multiculturalismo, que desplaza el fenómeno del racismo a siglos precedentes y a otros países. Al escrutar los parámetros del imaginario nacional canadiense, este artículo revela las formas en que el racismo contra los negros se ha agravado por el movimiento mayoritario LGBT. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1104

In view of the acute lack of analyses of Indian-Trinidadian queer diasporic subjectivities, this article will focus on Shani Mootoo’s “Out on Main Street” by using a queer diasporic theoretical framework, one which hinges on unveiling the violent practices to which sexually and racially marginalized communities are exposed and on exploring the ways by which queer diasporic subjects subvert dominant assumptions. In order to carry out the analysis, I will, first, offer an overview of the uses and implications for invoking the concept of a queer diaspora to study Mootoo’s story; second, I will scrutinize the manner in which the queer diasporic narrator is affected by exclusivist definitions of gender and national identities, and, third, I will examine the specific tactics through which she unsettles the normative logic. Ultimately, the study of Mootoo’s story under a queer diasporic approach will offer a further insight into the diaspora experience, one which considers both sexuality and translocation as crucial factors shaping the way the narrator inhabits the city, En este trabajo se estudiará el relato breve “Out on Main Street” (Shani Mootoo) a través de la aplicación de un marco teórico queer y diaspórico, que estará orientado a investigar la violencia a la que se exponen las personas con identidades sexuales y nacionales no normativas. Para llevar a cabo el análisis, se ofrecerá, en primer lugar, una descripción general de los usos e implicaciones del concepto de la «diáspora queer» en el relato de Mootoo; en segundo lugar, se analizará la manera en que la narradora se ve afectada por las definiciones exclusivistas de género y raza; por último, se examinarán las tácticas específicas a través de las que esta consigue desestabilizar y subvertir las ideas normativas y socialmente legitimadas. En última instancia, este trabajo proporcionará una visión más completa de la experiencia de la diáspora queer, puesto que tendrá en cuenta dos factores (las identidades nacionales y sexuales) que son cruciales a la hora de entender el modo en que la comunidad queer y diaspórica habita la ciudad.Palabras clave: Shani Mootoo; teoría queer; diáspora; subjetividad; Estudios Culturales

Depuis la découverte en 1869 du « Verbale del processo » de Paolo Véronese devant l’Inquisition, pour la défense de la toile qu’il avait fait pour le Réfectoire du Couvent de Ss. Giovanni e Paolo à Venice, il y avait un accord général que Véronese n’a changé rien dans sa toile, sauf l’addition de l’inscription indiquant le sujet comme Le festin dans la maison de Levi. Par contre, Brian d’Argaville, mort en 1987, dans ce discours prononcé au College Art Association en 1976, insiste que le titre donné par Véronese à l’Inquisition, La Cène dans la maison de Simon, était exact, et par conséquence du procès, Véronese avait changé la toile profondément en ajoutant deux personnages importants au premier plan dans la zone centrale de la composition. En plus d’Argaville indique que le sujet original, tout à fait inconnu à l’iconographie chrétienne, offre une justification complète pour la magnifique mise-en-scène architecturale de la toile.

portuguesO presente estudo versa sobre a narrativa da nacao como representacao coletiva tematizando a violencia e o trauma contra o povo guineense. O texto permite o encontro entre discursos coloniais, preconceitos e efeitos traumaticos sobre a identidade africana, indagando o quanto os projetos e sonhos nacionalistas na Guine-Bissau foram realmente alcancados e como o passado contribuiu para a instabilidade politica e os falhancos economicos vivenciados na contemporaneidade. Neste sentido, tomamos por corpus de analise a obra ficcional A Ultima Tragedia de Abdulai Sila (2002), voz de uma sociedade complexa e atual, cujos textos abordam especificamente a tentativa de constituir uma reflexao sobre a identidade nacional e a historia dos guineenses em contextos pos-coloniais. A producao artistica – aqui particularmente a literatura – surge como parte do processo de consolidacao de identidades, por meio de seu carater de representacao. A Ultima Tragedia de Abdulai Sila (2002) parece buscar num passado ainda vivo e presente, as respostas que justifiquem a origem das adversidades comuns do pais na atualidade. EnglishThe present study deals with the nation's narrative as a collective representation with the theme of violence and trauma against the Guinean people. The text allows the encounter between colonial discourses, prejudices and traumatic effects on African identity, asking how far the nationalist projects and dreams in Guinea-Bissau were really achieved and how the past contributed to the political instability and the economic failures experienced in contemporary times. In this sense, we take as a corpus of analysis the fictional work The Last Tragedy by Abdulai Sila (2002), voice of a complex and current society, whose texts specifically address the attempt to constitute a reflection on the national identity and the history of guineans in contexts post-colonial. Artistic production – particularly literature here – emerges as part of the process of consolidating identities, through its character of representation. Abdulai Sila's Last Tragedy (2002) seems to seek answers that justify the origin of the country's common adversities today, in a still alive and present past.

This paper seeks to comprehend how a portion of the Brazilian public opinion, specifically the press, understood Brazil’s participation in the Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, held in Punta del Este, Uruguay, in January 1962 – the Punta del Este Conference. This was a decisive meeting since it culminated in the expulsion of Cuba from the Organization of American States (OAS), because of the pressure exerted by the United States. Brazil distinguished itself for leading a group of countries against Cuba’s expulsion, based on the principle of self-determination and non-intervention. Although some authors believe the Punta del Este Conference to be the first event to massively mobilize the Brazilian public opinion around a foreign policy issue, they are not clear about what they understand as the concept of public opinion or how it positioned itself about Brazil’s participation in the Conference. Thus, this paper focuses on the coverage of three newspapers of national circulation (Jornal do Brasil, O Estado de São Paulo and Última Hora) between November 1961 and March 1962 to understand, through a content analysis method, how the press evaluated Brazil’s participation in the Punta del Este Conference. The results point to a bigger support of the Brazilian position and the Independent Foreign Policy. Recebido em: Agosto/2019. Aprovado em: julho/2020.

This article aims to analyze and compare the different artistic criticisms and repercussions about the exhibition that took place in MAM-RJ in 1969, and the disparity of opinions regarding the event. Olly Reinheimer’s exhibition produces a contradiction in viewers, art critics, and journalists who will publish different content for each audi-ence segment (arts, women, or entertainment) in print media at the time. The analysis of the discourses and published images is carried out in the newspapers O Dia – RJ (1951), Correio da Manha – RJ (1901-1974), Jornal do Brasil – RJ (1891), Ultima Hora – RJ (1951-1991), and Jornal do Commercio – RJ (1827-2016). This article is guided by the theoreti-cal-artistic basis of Argan (1994, 2005, 2006), as well as the theoretical assumptions about the visual and material culture of Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses (2003).

portuguesEste artigo pretende revisitar o conto-cronica “Delicado”, do dramaturgo e jornalista Nelson Falcao Rodrigues (1994), presente na coletânea A vida como ela e..., fruto de seu trabalho para o jornal Ultima Hora, a fim de discutir de que modo a narracao evidencia uma sociedade heteronormativa compulsoria a qual violenta a existencia do protagonista alheio a norma, a ponto de este vir a provocar a propria morte, nao suportando a pressao externa para cumprir o seu ‘papel de homem’. Ao longo da escrita, evidenciamos como Eusebiozinho, personagem principal, ao romper com o binarismo sexual e norma social, e obrigado a retornar a um suposto lugar original/aprioristico, o da masculinidade hegemonica, por via da heterossexualidade compulsoria, imposta pela familia e representada pela figura do tio. Recorremos, para tanto, aos estudos queer e aos textos de Adrienne Rich (2003), Judith Butler (2005), Monique Witting (1992), Teresa de Lauretis (1994), Robert Connell (1995) e Michael Foucault (2001), dentre outros. EnglishThis article aims to revisit the short story “Delicado”, by the playwright and journalist Nelson Falcao Rodrigues (1994), present in the collection A vida como ela e..., the result of his work for the newspaper Ultima Hora, in order to discuss how the narration shows a compulsory heteronormative society that violates the existence of the protagonist outside the norm, to the point that he comes to cause his own death, not supporting external pressure to fulfill his 'role as a man'. Throughout the writing, we show how Eusebiozinho, the main character, when breaking with sexual binarism and social norm, is obliged to return to a supposed original / aprioristic place, mandatory masculinity, through compulsory heterosexuality, imposed by the family and represented by the figure of his uncle. For that, we used queer studies and texts by Adrienne Rich (2003), Judith Butler (2005), Monique Witting (1992), Teresa de Lauretis (1994), Robert Connell (1995) and Michael Foucault (2001), among others

The present paper is an analysis of topics related to discourse and imagery as articulated in Héctor Bujanda’s novel 'La última vez' (2007). Critics broadly regard this work as a modern archetype for a sort of literature that employs apposite sets of images and establishes relevant metaphoric spaces as underpinnings for a historical frame of reference. In the case of this novel, that frame of reference is the wave of unrest known as the 'Caracazo' (1989). Strictly speaking, the work’s discursive register displays traits and context that revolve around those protests and their aftermath. Due to the manifest political character of the novel’s context, it will be necessary to evaluate the characters’ idiosyncratic verbalisation of their experiences as emblems of the author’s political identity. The article’s analytical direction, therefore, is intended initially to identify descriptive patterns that demonstrate the author’s political proclivities, starting with the way the city of Caracas is represented as a den of persistent crime, culminating in the events that led to the coup d’état of 1992. It then proposes a reading strategy that should enable critical insight into the demonstrable features of 1990’s Venezuelan society. In particular, such insights will shed light on particular contemporary issues linked to 'Chavismo' and its methods of governance. Lastly, and in view of this particular novel, I aim to explain the set of aesthetic and ideological tendencies that characterise XXI century Venezuelan narrative and political rhetoric.

In a provocative, yet scarcely discussed, argument at the end of Knowing Full Well, Ernest Sosa has attempted to determine what kind of evidence we possess in support of the belief that our cognitive capacities as human beings are reliable. According to Sosa, we can appeal to considerations of coherence to prove that such capacities are reliable (i.e., it would be epistemically self-defeating to think otherwise). However, Sosa also declares that such considerations are not “determinative, ultima facie” reasons−which is to say, they are to be regarded as defeasible. As we will try to point out, this overall strategy is ultimately incoherent. Furthermore, as we will argue, Sosa fails in attempting to provide us with an analogy between the case of doubting the reliability of the cognitive faculties of an individual and doubting such reliability in the case of the species. Fil: Cormick, Claudio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentina

Antecedentes y objetivo. En el deporte ya hace varios años se está utilizando la dermatoglifia, como marcador de individualidad biológica, en la predicción de las dotaciones motoras de atletas en diferentes tipos de disciplinas y estos estudios se están usando para seleccionar deportistas con rendimientos sobresalientes. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar cuáles son los países y deportes en los que más se ha trabajado la dermatoglifia en la última década en América, demostrando los resultados existentes entre los dermatoglifos y las potencialidades físicas para el rendimiento deportivo, así como el uso de su instrumentación. Métodos. La búsqueda incluye publicaciones de acceso abierto, que hubieran sido publicados en América, en la última década (2010 – 2019), en los idiomas inglés, portugués o español. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos (Web of Sciense, Scopus, Ebsco, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Pubmed y Google Académico). Para la búsqueda de información se definieron varias palabras clave. Resultados. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos, se identificaron 1165 artículos, de los cuales 13 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados muestran que países como Colombia y Brasil son líderes en la publicación en esta temática. Así como, el deporte sobre el que más se ha publicado en la última década es el fútbol. Existe una alta prevalencia del uso tradicional de la dermatoglifia en relación a la tecnología. Se encontró presencia constante de presillas, alto índice de D10 y SQTL, características propias de deportes que necesitan velocidad, agilidad, coordinación y resistencia. Conclusiones. Hacen falta estudios que integren más deportes, con muestras más grandes para ver si se mantiene la relación de los dermatoglifos con las capacidades físicas y el rendimiento deportivo.Abstract. Background and objective. During several years, dermatoglyphics is being used in sports as a marker of biological individuality, for the prediction of athletes’ motor resources in different types of disciplines. These studies are used for selecting athletes with outstanding performances. The aim of this work is to identify the countries and sports in which dermatoglyphics has been used the most in the last decade in America, contrasting the results of dermatoglyphics with physical potential for sports performance, as well as the use of its instrumentation methods. The search includes open access publications, published in America in the last decade (2010 - 2019), in the English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. The following databases were used: Web of Sciense, Scopus, Ebsco, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Several keywords were used to search for information. Results: a systematic search review was carried out in different databases, by which 1165 articles were identified, 13 of which met the inclusion criteria. The results show that countries like Colombia and Brazil are leaders in publications on this subject. Additionally, the sport with the highest number of publications in this area in the last decade is football. There is a high prevalence of traditional use of dermatoglyphics in relation to technology. Constant presence of loops was found, high index of D10 and SQTL, characteristics of sports that need speed, agility, coordination, and endurance. Conclusions. We need studies that integrate more sports, with larger samples, to assess whether the relationship of dermatoglyphics with physical abilities and sports performance is maintained.

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo demonstrar como o jornal brasileiro Ultima Hora (UH), uma das publicações de maior tiragem no Brasil no período, retratou os acontecimentos referentes à tomada do transatlântico Santa Maria, por grupos empenhados no fim dos regimes ditatoriais em Portugal e na Espanha. A abordagem das páginas do diário pautou-se nas ações de Henrique Galvão, apontado como o líder de todo o processo e tendo amplo espaço nas capas e editoriais, durante vários momentos no ano de 1961. The present article aims at demonstrating how the Ultima Hora (UH), one of the widely-circulated daily-newspapers in Brazil, during that decade, portrayed the events related to Santa Maria hijacking by social groups, at the end of dictatorial regimes in Portugal and Spain. The journal approach was guided by Henrique Galvão, who was appointed as the leader of the whole process and who had eminent domain of covers and editorials during several moments in 1961.

The article deals with Slovenian regulation of the termination of employment contracts due to business reasons. According to settled case law, any termination of an employment contract is ultima ratio of the employer. In addition to pre-redundancy alternatives in ZDR-1 and a review of measures from the PKP packages, the options offered to employers by the state to prevent redundancies, at least at the moment do not provide a sufficient basis for the legality of redundancies solely because of an economic crisis due to the pandemic.

Este artículo busca proporcionar una descripción completa y fundamental de por qué los epítetos raciales y slurs similares son inmora-les, allá donde lo sean. Considera tres teorías prin-cipales, según las cuales, a grandes rasgos, son inmorales porque son dañinos (bienestarismo), porque socavan la autonomía (kantianismo) o porque son hostiles (un enfoque relacional poco discutido informado por ideas del Sur Glo-bal). Este artículo presenta nuevas objeciones a las dos primeras teorías y concluye a favor de la última justificación. Se muestra que considerar que los slurs son inmorales en la medida en que son hostiles captura las ventajas de las otras teo-rías evitando sus desventajas. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive and fundamental account of why racial epithets and similar slurs are immoral, whenever they are. It considers three major theories, roughly according to which they are immoral because they are harmful (welfarism), because they undermine autonomy (Kantianism), or because they are unfriendly (an under-considered, relational approach informed by ideas from the Global South). This article presents new objections to the former two theories, and concludes in favour of the latter rationale. Deeming slurs to be wrong insofar as they are unfriendly is shown to capture the advantages of the other theories, while avoiding their disadvantages.

EnglishThis paper aims to present the main ideas of Foucault presented in his course taught in 1979 at the College de France, entitled The birth of biopolitics. In second place, two antagonistic analyzes of two renowned intellectuals will be examined, namely, The last lesson of Foucault by Geoffroy de Lagasnerie and Y at-il one sujet biopolitique by Frederic Gros. From here, it will be necessary to understand a number of concepts, such as Foucault's rejection of the universals, the genealogy of schemes of veridiction, the logic of strategy and the diagnosis of politics, so that we can understand how, from a single work, it is possible to elaborate two very different analyzes, with such incompatible conclusions. Finally, we seek to elucidate how an understanding of the work from a broader reading, makes it possible to solve the main conflicts brought by the authors. However, we will show that Gros's analysis is more consistent with Foucault's thinking. portuguesEste trabalho tem como objetivo expor as principais ideias de Foucault apresentadas em seu curso ministrado em 1979 no College de France, intitulado O nascimento da biopolitica. Em seguida, duas analises antagonicas de dois renomados intelectuais serao analisadas, a saber, A ultima licao de Foucault de Geoffroy de Lagasnerie e Y a-t-il um sujet biopolitique de Frederic Gros. A partir dai sera necessario compreender uma serie de conceitos, como a recusa foucaultiana dos universais, a genealogia dos regimes veridicionais, a logica da estrategia e o diagnostico da politica, para que possamos entender como, a partir de uma unica obra, e possivel a elaboracao de duas analises tao distintas, com conclusoes tao incompativeis. Por ultimo, buscamos elucidar como uma compreensao da obra a partir de uma leitura mais ampla, e possivel resolver os principais conflitos colocados pelos autores. Mostraremos, por sua vez, que a analise de Gros e mais consistente com o pensamento de Foucault.

This study aims to analyze the use of upselling techniques among waiters and waitresses at the Ticket’s Café in Hotel Horison Ultima Makassar. This analysis includes the answer to whether or not they use upselling techniques, how they use it, and what the result is. The data in this research are collected during observation and interview. This research studies the waiters and waitresses along with their superiors. The data are then analyzed with descriptive qualitative method which includes data reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing. The result of this research is that the waiter and waitresses have been proven to use some upselling techniques; however the implementation is not as effective as expected because the number of waiters and waitresses is not enough to deliver the best impacts of the techniques and not all of them use the right upselling techniques.

Apresentação Nascido em São Paulo (1962), Fernando Bonassi destaca-se como contista, roteirista, dramaturgo, romancista e cineasta premiado internacionalmente. Várias de suas produções estão publicadas em antologias brasileiras e estrangeiras. Como autor de literatura e como produtor cinematográfico, reconhecido pela crítica pelo poder corrosivo e cáustico de sua linguagem artística, Bonassi demonstra especiais habilidades comunicativas de expressar ficcionalmente faces do mundo contemporâneo tão marcado por consumismo, violência e instantaneidades. Seus livros 100 histórias colhidas da rua (Editora Scritta, 1996) e Passaporte (Editora Cosac & Naify, 2001) podem, certamente, constar entre as melhores coletâneas de micronarrativas publicadas no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Neste último, por exemplo, tendo o passaporte como metonímia, narradores múltiplos empreendem uma flânerie por espaços diversos do mundo, como se percorressem labirintos de uma cidade única que apenas muda de nome, com fronteiras imaginárias: o que se representa, nessas breves crônicas do cotidiano, é o humano, em sua contundente realidade de derrisão utópica. Para o cinema, Bonassi produziu roteiros de Os matadores, Carandiru, Garotas do ABC, Cazuza, Através da janela, Castelo Rá Tim Bum; destaca-se, também, com as produções teatrais de Preso entre ferragens, Três cigarros e a Última Lasanha, além de ter escrito e dirigido o monólogo O incrível menino na fotografia – entre outros textos. Entre suas produções destinadas ao público infantil e juvenil, incluem-se os títulos: Uma carta para Deus (Formato, 1997), O pequeno fascista (Cosac Naify, 2005), Diário de guerra de São Paulo (Publifolha, 2007) e Montanha-russa (Cosac Naify, 2008). Na entrevista a seguir, o autor fala de sua produção destinada ao público infantil e juvenil: sua sensibilidade e atenção para a contemporaneidade e a crueza das relações sociais que afetam a infância e a juventude reverberam na estética de Bonassi, trazendo provocações intensas ao leitor, oferecendo, de certo modo, uma espécie de lógica potente para compreensão dos sentidos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fernando Bonassi. Literatura Infantojuvenil. Contemporaneidade. Entrevista.

Critics have explored James Baldwin's Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone (1968) and Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima (1972) through the emergence of their protagonists as artists, while other scholars have focused on Tell Me How Long's emphasis on black nationalism or Bless Me, Ultima's engagement with Mexican American identity; however, the tensions between art and social protest in both novels has not been explored by scholars in relation to the novels' treatment of the experience of soldiers of color in World War II. This article focuses on the novels' depiction of the military service by soldiers of color, their transformation by those experiences, and how the protests and activism against the racism and discrimination experienced by soldiers of color contributed to the long civil rights movement. I argue that through the war experiences of the protagonists' older brothers in Tell Me How Long and Bless Me, Ultima, both narratives similarly present the contributions and experiences of soldiers of color during the war effort as they faced the dilemma of fighting a war for their country only to be denied full citizenship rights at home, which increased their social activism. Tell Me How Long describes the heroic service of an African American in battle in the Italian front that has a historical antecedent in the 92nd Infantry Division known as the Buffalo Soldiers, while Bless Me, Ultima focuses on the effects of the mobilization period in Mexican American communities in the Southwest and the war's psychological effects on returning soldiers.

A Lippia alba , conhecida como erva cidreira, e uma planta utilizada pela populacao brasileira para o tratamento de inumeras doencas, como gripe, enxaqueca, hipertensao e problemas relacionados ao sistema reprodutor feminino. Diante do seu potencial terapeutico descrito pela medicina tradicional, muitos estudos foram realizados na ultima decada, a fim de investigar melhor suas atividades biologicas e seus metabolitos secundarios. Assim, a Lippia alba demonstrou acao antimicrobiana, antioxidante, analgesica, anti-inflamatoria, antineoplasica, antigenotoxica, antiparasitaria e neuroativo. Todos os resultados expostos nesta revisao corroboram para que esta especie seja considerada uma planta passivel de utilizacao como base para fitoterapicos que possam ser utilizados pelo SUS.

espanolAnaliza el desarrollo de la democracia en America Latina, desde la llamada tercera ola democratica en 1978 hasta los cambios experimentados durante la ultima decada. Utilizando indicadores regionales realiza un balance entre los logros materializados en los ultimos cuarenta anos y concluye que son mayores los logros que las derrotas en el ambito democratico EnglishIt analyzes the development of democracy in Latin America from the so-called third democratic wave in 1978 up to the changes that took place throughout the last decade. Using regional indicators, the study carries out an assessment of the achievements accomplished in the last forty years. The study concludes that, in the democratic field, the achievements are much more than the setbacks

espanolEl presente articulo propone una relectura del relato infantil «The Devoted Friend» (Oscar Wilde, 1888) como critica avant-la-lettre del discurso populista de la hegemonia. Tras una definicion teorica de los principios que constituyen dicho discurso, el articulo explora las estrategias de construccion del significado (pragmatico y semantico) en busca de dichos principios. El articulo comenta asi ideas como la oposicion dialectica entre «amigo» y «enemigo», la construccion hegemonica de la identidad colectiva «nosotros» y «ellos», asi como la estructura politica vertical (organizada de arriba abajo) que estas ideas generan. En ultima instancia, el articulo valora el relato como plantilla critica para desmontar la construccion socio-politica del yo en el contexto presente. EnglishThe present article posits a re-reading of the fairy tale «The Devoted Friend» (Oscar Wilde, 1888) as a critique avant-la-lettre of populist discourses of hegemony. After a theoretical definition of the principles that constitute the populist discourse, the article conflates pragmatic and semantic discourse strategies to construe meaning in the story in search of these principles. The article discusses ideas such as the dialectical opposition between friend and foe, the hegemonic construction of the collective identity «us» vs. «them» and the vertical political structure these atrategies, more often than not, spawn. Ultimately, the article assesses the value of the story as a critical «blueprint» to debunk the social construction of the self in present contexts.

ResumenEste artículo describe los últimos momentos de la vida de Simón Bolívara la luz de los estudios históricos y del testimonio de primera mano delmédico que asistió al Libertador, el doctor Alejandro Próspero Révérend.Asimismo, contrasta y complementa los hechos históricos con la visión deRicardo Palma sobre los momentos finales del Libertador, descritos en sutradición “La última frase de Bolívar”.Palabras claves: Jesucristo, El Quijote, Bolívar, majaderos de la historiahumana. AbstractThis article describes the last moments in the life of Simón Bolívar through historicalstudies and the first-hand testimony of the doctor who assisted the Liberator, Dr.Alejandro Próspero Révérend. It also contrasts and complements the historical factswith Ricardo Palma’s vision of the final moments of the Liberator described in histradition “La última frase de Bolívar”. Keywords: Jesus Christ, The Quijote, and Bolívar, stubborn of human history This article describes the last moments in the life of Simón Bolívar through historicalstudies and the first-hand testimony of the doctor who assisted the Liberator, Dr.Alejandro Próspero Révérend. It also contrasts and complements the historical factswith Ricardo Palma’s vision of the final moments of the Liberator described in histradition “La última frase de Bolívar”.

Taking the outset in two finds of bone points in Norway, the distribution and use of the artefact type is discussed. Points of bone and antler are frequent¬ly found at settlements and in wetlands in Northern Europe. However, the exact distribution of the artefact type is hard to determine because its modest design makes it easy to overlook. This is also the reason why it is usually looked upon as a sign of poverty and as second rate. It seems the artefact type had more than one area of use; as a tool, as an implement for fishing and hunting, and as a combat weapon. Concerning the latter, it is argued that the points of bone and antler were valued and efficient weapons that more likely served as spears rather than javelins. This is confirmed by ancient written sources

espanolEste texto presenta un analisis no definitivo acerca de la cuestion del recuerdo desde la filosofia del lenguaje ordinario. Nuestro objetivo es responder parcialmente a la pregunta: ?que hace un hablante cuando dice que recuerda? Nos interesa analizar, a partir de nuestras practicas linguisticas cotidianas, lo que aqui llamamos el ‘acto de habla de la memoria’. De la mano de John L. Austin (1946, 1962) y otros filosofos (Norman Malcolm, 1963a-b; Robert Brandom (1983, 2001, 2005, 2008); Rebecca Kukla (2014); Mark Lance (2008, 2016)) defendemos que nuestro conocimiento de los recuerdos pasa por advertir que hacen los hablantes cuando dicen o comunican sus recuerdos. El texto se divide en tres secciones. En la primera, presentamos brevemente los recuerdos facticos caracterizados por Malcolm en Three Forms of Memory y A Note of Factual Memory. En la segunda, introducimos ciertos rasgos de la empresa pragmatica de Brandom. En la ultima, nos dedicamos, por un lado, a establecer como los recuerdos facticos pueden ser comprendidos en terminos inferenciales y, por otro, a sugerir algunas ventajas y limitaciones de esta comprension, que permitirian construir una aproximacion normativa mucho mas amplia de las expresiones linguisticas del recuerdo. EnglishThis paper presents a non definitive analysis about the matter of remember from the ordinary Philosophy of Language. Our aim is to respond, partially, to the follow question: What does a speaker do when she say that she remembers? We are interested in analyzing, from our everyday linguistic practices, what here we called the ‘speech act of memory’. Based on the philosophical work of John L. Austin (1946, 1962) and of other philosophers (Norman Malcolm, 1963a-b; Robert Brandom, 1983, 2001, 2005, 2008; Rebecca Kukla, 2014; Mark Lance, 2008, 2016), we defend that our knowledge of memories needs to notice what do the speakers do when they say or comunicate their memories. The paper its divided in three sections. Firstly, we briefly presents factual memories that Malcolm (1963) characterized on Three Forms of Memory and A Note on Factual Memory. Secondly, we introduces some elements of Brandom’s pragmatic proposal. Finally, we dedicates, on the one hand, to establish how factual memories could be inferentially understood and, on the other hand, to suggest some advantages and limitations of this understanding. We think that this latter part allows to construct a wider normative approach of memory linguistic expressions.

The sermon De ultima quarta feria, attributed to Quodvultdeus, was pronounced in the last phase of the baptismal preparation in Carthage at the end of the 430s. This paper studies the mystagogical method employed in the catechesis on the power of Christ’s blood in baptism and the Eucharist that makes up part of the sermon. First, the baptismal rites in Carthage in 430s are presented. Second, the questions of its dating and the structure of the sermon are discussed. Third, the mystagogical catechesis on the power of Christ’s blood is presented. This analysis demonstrates that Quodvultdeus stands in the Latin tradition of the patchwork usage of Biblical quotes in the course of the mystagogy that allows the audience to enter the history present in the sacred books and understand themselves as part of this history. In addition, this method allows for transferring the message of the centrality of Christ’s redemption that can be attained through the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist.

A partir de las categorías modales de la teoría de la estética modal de Jordi Claramonte, este texto expone un modo de aproximación a la identificación de relaciones modales como ejes de análisis de una obra de arte. Para tal fin, se plantea un diálogo con la obra La Última Sena de la escultora colombiana Feliza Bursztyn. Esta obra permite ilustrar las tensiones entre lo disposicional y lo repertorial como constitutivos de lo artístico y de lo estético.

The re-evaluation of human bones from the Cueva de los Ninos site located in the province of Ultima Esperanza, Chile, is presented. This work focuses on deepening the analysis of the anencephalic fetus called Ultima Esperanza A, sustained by the availability of new methods for the analysis of bone material and by the presence of unstudied remains from the individual. After estimating the age using new regression equations and considering the alterations produced by fetal neurological defects in the development of long bones, we suggest the possibility that the age of the fetus is between one or two weeks less than that proposed previously. New bioanthropological data on the individual are provided, emphasizing its importance and the few documented cases of anencephalic fetuses found in archaeological contexts worldwide. Finally, the possibility that the individual Ultima Esperanza A and the other fetus found at the site (Ultima Esperanza B) were born from a multiple pregnancy is discussed, based on the possible lower age difference between them and the higher incidence of anencephaly in these cases.

espanolEl golpe de Casado es motivo de debate en la historiografia debido a sus causas y simbolismo. La ultima crisis de la II Republica derribo el Gobierno de Juan Negrin el 5 de marzo de 1939 (hace 80 anos) y provoco una guerra interna en el bando republicano que duro una semana. El autor defiende que el coronel Segismundo Casado se sirvio del odio ideologico entre antifascistas para dar un golpe de estado y acabar con la politica de resistencia que defendian Negrin y el PCE. El autor identifica por primera vez la tendencia politica de las unidades militares enfrentadas –lo cual explica el origen ideologico del conflicto–, cuenta el transcurso de la Batalla de Madrid y da el numero de victimas. Afirma que el golpe de Casado fue la contrapartida de los Hechos de Mayo de 1937 y, como ocurrio entonces, el papel de los anarquistas fue determinante. EnglishThe causes and symbolism of Casado's coup is under discussion in historiography. The last crisis of the Spanish Second Republic brought down Juan Negrin's government on March 1939 (80 years ago) and provoked a civil war on the Republican side that lasted for a week. The author argues that Colonel Segismundo Casado used the ideological hatred between antifascists to give a coup and end the attempts of long resistance that Negrin and the PCE defended. The author identifies, for the first time, the political beliefs of military units in the clash –which explain the ideological origins of the conflict–, explains the Battle of Madrid and gives the number of victims. He states that Casado's coup was the counterpart of the May Events of 1937 and, as happened then, the role of the anarchists was decisive.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es explicar la relación entre las nociones de discurso y acción en un marco pragmático trascendental. El trabajo comienza con una presentación de la primera noción y de la idea de pretensión de validez. Luego son examinadas algunas objeciones a la justificación última de la ética, formulada por Apel. La conclusión es que es posible una respuesta a esas objeciones mediante la diferenciación entre dos niveles de la relación entre discurso y acción: un nivel fáctico y uno trascendental. The aim of this paper is to explain the relation between the notions of discourse and action in a transcendental-pragmatic frame. The paper begins with a presentation of the first notion and the idea of validity claim. After that, some objections to Apel's ultimate justifications of ethic are examined. The conclusion is that an answer to these objections is possible throw the difference between two levels of the relation between discourse and action: a real level and a transcendental one.