Author: "Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)" / Search Limiters: Available in Library Collection - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)"' showing total 276 results

Start Over Author "Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)" Search Limiters Available in Library Collection

276 results on '"Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)"'

1. Gradient of decomposition in sugarcane mulches of various thicknesses

Author: Guilherme Dietrich, Adriane Luiza Schu, Douglas Adams Weiler, Sandro José Giacomini, Patrick Leal Pinheiro, Mathias Roberto Leite Rambo, Sylvie Recous, Soils Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Brazil government through the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil government through the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Environment & Agronomy Division, Program CNPq-Ciencia sem Fronteiras 208415/2017-3, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM)
Subjects: Crop residue, Materials science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], décomposition, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, sugarcane, paillis, pluviométrie, Dry matter, Water content, Chemical composition, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, mulch, Brasil, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, dynamique de l'eau, 15. Life on land, Straw, Nitrogen, chemistry, Agronomy, crop residue, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, rainfall rate recording, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fertilizer, straw mulches, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mulch, canne à sucre, évaporation
Abstract: Crop residues left on the soil surface as mulch influence many services provided in agrosystems, particularly soil protection, water dynamics and nutrient fluxes. For a given crop, the residue mass influences the mulch thickness, but the effect of thickness on decomposition is not well understood, and decomposition gradients within mulches in the field have not been described. This study aimed to quantify the decomposition of sugarcane straw mulches by varying their mass and thickness and determine the decomposition gradient within the mulches. The experiment was conducted on a first-ratoon sugarcane crop for one year, with 4, 8 and 12 Mg straw dry matter ha(-1). Mulches were displayed in 0.16-m(2) litter boxes and formed by straw layers of equivalent mass, i.e., 4 Mg ha(-1), stacked either as a single layer (Low/Top layer), 2 layers (Low and Top layers) or 3 layers (Low, Middle and Top layers) to reconstitute the 3 mulch quantities. We quantified the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, the chemical composition and the water content of the remaining mulch particles in each layer 10 times within the 360 days. The mulch degradation rates were proportional to the initial amount of straw, the mulch losses representing 75% of its initial C and 46% of its initial N after one year, regardless of the initial mass. Fertilizer-N addition did not change the k decomposition rate, with k = 0.0044 d(-1). However the decomposition rate differed according to the layer position in the mulch, e.g., in the 12 Mg ha(-1) treatment k = 0.0064 d(-1) 0.0046 d(-1) and 0.0033 d(-1) for the low, middle and top layers, respectively, indicating that the low layers in contact with the soil decomposed faster than the top layers in contact with the atmosphere, while the medium layers demonstrated intermediate behaviour. The top layers evolved similarly, regardless of mulch thickness, while the lower layers in contact with the soil decomposed more quickly as the overlying straw thickness increased. Regardless of the thickness and position of a given layer within mulch, the one-year layer C loss was linearly correlated with the average water content of that layer over the year (y = 52.79 - 0694x, R-2 = 0.991, P < 0.05). Here, we demonstrate that the dynamics of mulch decomposition is primarily driven by the dynamics of water, which is itself driven by mulch characteristics, rain regime and evaporation.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. FRET-SLiM on native autofluorescence: a fast and reliable method to study interactions between fluorescent probes and lignin in plant cell wall

Author: Corentin Spriet, Christine Terryn, Gabriel Paës, Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (LIGNOPROG project) ANR-14-CE05-0026, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Paës, Gabriel
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fluorophore, CELLULOSE FIBER, Interaction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ASSEMBLIES, INHIBITION, Lignocellulosic biomass, lignin, Plant Science, LIFETIME, COLOCALIZATION, lcsh:Plant culture, biomasse lignocellulosique, 7. Clean energy, ACCESSIBILITY, Rhodamine, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fluorescence lifetime, BINDING, ENZYMATIC DIGESTIBILITY, MICROSCOPY, HYDROLYSIS, Genetics, Lignin, lcsh:SB1-1110, lcsh:QH301-705.5, SLiM, sustainable development, Research, food and beverages, lignine, Fluorescence, Autofluorescence, 030104 developmental biology, Förster resonance energy transfer, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), développement durable, Biophysics, FRET, fluorescence, Lignocellulose, paroi cellulaire végétale, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex network of polymers making the cell walls of plants. It represents a feedstock of sustainable resources to be converted into fuels, chemicals and materials. Because of its complex architecture, lignocellulose is a recalcitrant material that necessitates some pretreatments and several types of catalysts to be transformed efficiently. In particular, enzymes degrading lignocellulose can become inactivated due to their binding to lignin through non-specific interactions, leading to a loss in catalytic efficiency of industrial processes. Gaining more knowledge in the strength of interactions would allow optimizing enzymes and selecting appropriate pretreatments. Results Measuring interactions directly in plant cell wall can theoretically be performed using confocal fluorescence techniques by evaluating fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between compatible fluorophores. In this study, autofluorescence of plant cell wall, mainly originating from lignin, was considered as a donor fluorophore while the acceptor was a common rhodamine-based fluorescent probe. To overcome complex plant cell wall fluorescence, which limits FRET analysis by standard techniques, we have developed an original approach, combining spectral and lifetime measurements. It consists in (1) dissecting autofluorescence signal in each spectral channel, (2) optimizing spectral channel choice for lifetime measurements and (3) achieving an unambiguous FRET signature with an autofluorescent donor fluorophore. Interactions between rhodamine-based probes of various sizes and untreated or pretreated wheat sample were evaluated, showing it was possible to discriminate interactions at the nano-scale, revealing some accessibility differences and the effect of pretreatment. Conclusions SLiM measurement allows precise estimation of the optimal spectral range for FRET measurement. SLiM response allows for the first time doubtless FRET measurements between lignin as a donor, and an acceptor fluorophore with high accuracy and sensitivity related to lifetime decrease studies. As demonstrated, it thus becomes possible to measure interactions of fluorescent probes directly inside plant cell wall samples. This approach can thus be applied to various fields such as lignocellulose deconstruction to optimize the action of enzymes or plant cell wall development to assay in situ the biosynthesis of lignin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0342-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. d-Xylose and l-arabinose laurate esters: Enzymatic synthesis, characterization and physico-chemical properties

Author: Murielle Muzard, Harivony Rakotoarivonina, Magali Deleu, Richard Plantier-Royon, Thomas Méline, Caroline Rémond, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Liège, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Université de Liège - Gembloux
Subjects: Arabinose, Surfactants, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pentose, Bioengineering, Xylose, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Fungal Proteins, D-Xylose laurate esters, Surface-Active Agents, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Stability, Humans, Organic chemistry, Biomass, Lipase, chemistry.chemical_classification, Esterification, Molecular Structure, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Esters, Green Chemistry Technology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Enzymes, Immobilized, biology.organism_classification, Biorefinery, 0104 chemical sciences, L-Arabinose laurate esters, Enzyme, Biocatalysis, Yield (chemistry), biology.protein, Candida antarctica, Laurates, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Efficient enzymatic synthesis of D-xylose and L-arabinose lauryl mono- and diesters has been achieved by transesterification reactions catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B as biocatalyst, in organic medium in the presence of D-xylose or L-arabinose and vinyl laurate at 50 °C. In case of L-arabinose, one monoester and one diester were obtained in a 57 % overall yield. A more complex mixture was produced for D-xylose as two monoesters and two diesters were synthesized in a 74.9 % global yield. The structures of all these pentose laurate esters was solved. Results demonstrated that the esterification first occurred regioselectively onto the primary hydroxyl groups. Pentose laurate esters exhibited interesting features such as low critical aggregation concentrations values all inferior to 25 µM. Our study demonstrates that the enzymatic production of L-arabinose and D-xylose-based esters represents an interesting approach for the production of green surfactants from lignocellulosic biomass-derived pentoses.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Chemical composition of processed bamboo for structural applications

Author: Oren A. Scherman, Emma Rose Janeček, Bhavna Sharma, Johnny Beaugrand, Darshil U. Shah, Michael H. Ramage, University of Bath [Bath], University of Cambridge, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sharma, Bhavna [0000-0003-0516-6125], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bath, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages ( BIA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bamboo, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, composition chimique, chemical treatment, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Chemical composition, lignin, 02 engineering and technology, traitement hygrothermique, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010608 biotechnology, propriété mécanique, hygrothermal treatment, Process engineering, Original Paper, Treatment methods, Natural materials, mechanical characteristic, Chemical treatment, business.industry, Treatment method, blanchiment, lignine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Caramelisation, bambusa, Processing methods, chemical analysis, Laminated bamboo, Bleaching, Degradation (geology), 0210 nano-technology, business, traitement chimique
Abstract: Natural materials are a focus for development of low carbon products for a variety of applications. To utilise these materials, processing is required to meet acceptable industry standards. Laminated bamboo is a commercial product that is currently being explored for structural applications, however there is a gap in knowledge about the effects of commercial processing on the chemical composition. The present study utilised interdisciplinary methods of analysis to investigate the effects of processing on the composition of bamboo. Two common commercial processing methods were investigated: bleaching (chemical treatment) and caramelisation (hygrothermal treatment). The study indicated that the bleaching process results in a more pronounced degradation of the lignin in comparison to the caramelised bamboo. This augments previous research, which has shown that the processing method (strip size) and treatment may affect the mechanical properties of the material in the form of overall strength, failure modes and crack propagation. The study provides additional understanding of the effects of processing on the properties of bamboo.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Exploring the potential of waste leaf sheath date palm fibres for composite reinforcement through a structural and mechanical analysis

Author: Alain Bourmaud, David Siniscalco, Darshil U. Shah, Johnny Beaugrand, Michael H. Ramage, Anouck Habrant, Justine Padovani, Hom Nath Dhakal, Ramage, Michael [0000-0003-2967-7683], Shah, Darshil [0000-0002-8078-6802], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Portsmouth, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Harvard University [Cambridge], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), MATRICE state-to-country (Region Alsace Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine) program, France, Leverhulme Trust Grant, Region Bretagne, OSEO, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Absorption (acoustics), Materials science, Microstructural analysis, Composite number, Stiffness, Mechanical properties, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Crystallinity, Mechanics of Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, Ceramics and Composites, medicine, Chemical analysis, Thermal stability, medicine.symptom, Elongation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Natural fibres
Abstract: International audience; This work proposes a multi-scale study of the properties of leaf sheath date palm fibres currently considered as agricultural waste. Firstly, by using optical and electronic microscopy, two main types of bundles were identified which have profoundly different structures. Biochemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a low degree of crystallinity but a significant lignin content of about 17% giving the bundles a very cohesive structure as well as a good thermal stability in addition to a singular behaviour in dynamic vapour sorption. An average cell wall stiffness in the order of 16 GPa was highlighted by Atomic Force Microscopy in mechanical mode but tensile tests on bundles have revealed low stiffness and strength but a high elongation. These results combined with the cellular structure of these bundles, provides the potential of these wastes as cost effective and environmentally friendly composite reinforcements for high energy absorption and improved acoustics functions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Unravelling the consequences of ultra-fine milling on physical and chemical characteristics of flax fibres

Author: Alain Bourmaud, Johnny Beaugrand, Nadège Follain, Claire Mayer-Laigle, Darshil U. Shah, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Polymères, biopolymères, membranes (PBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French national research Network ‘GDR 3710 INRA/CNRS SYMBIOSE – Synthons et matériaux biosourcés’, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Shah, Darshil [0000-0002-8078-6802], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Lignocellulosic biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Crystallinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ball milling, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Cellulose content, 020401 chemical engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thermal stability, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, Cellulose, Ball mill, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Flax fibre, Milling kinetics, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Comminution, Ultra fine, 0210 nano-technology, Particle shape
Abstract: In recent years, lignocellulosic biomass has been increasingly used in various applications, often replacing petro-sourced materials. While for many of these applications the plant materials require coarse milling, some new applications for green chemistry, bio-energy and bio-packaging necessitate comminution to obtain very finely calibrated particles (below 200 m in size). This milling step is not inconsequential for lignocellulosic materials and can influence the physical (size, shape) and chemical characteristics (cellulose crystallinity, composition) of the powder. However, these different effects are still poorly understood. In this work, we study and elucidate the impact of intense and ultra-fine milling on the physico-chemical properties of plant fibres. Flax was chosen for this study because of its well-described hierarchical structure and biochemical composition in literature, making it a model material. Our main results evidence a strong impact of 0 to 23hrs ball milling on flax fibre morphology, especially on fibre aspect ratio falling from 20 to 5 but also on cell wall ultrastructure and composition. Cellulose content and crystallinity significantly decrease with milling time, leading to higher water sorption and lower thermal stability.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Metatranscriptomic exploration of microbial functioning in clouds

Author: Ludovic Besaury, Muriel Joly, Anne-Marie Delort, Benjamin Penaud, Laurent Deguillaume, Pierre Amato, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne (ICCF), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nitrogen, Microorganism, Microbial metabolism, Glyoxylate cycle, lcsh:Medicine, Pentose phosphate pathway, Article, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Microbial ecology, Nucleic Acids, Adhesins, Bacterial, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Atmosphere, Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, lcsh:R, Temperature, Glyoxylates, Biogeochemistry, Carbon, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, Osmoprotectant, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oxidation-Reduction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Clouds constitute the uppermost layer of the biosphere. They host diverse communities whose functioning remains obscure, although biological activity potentially participates to atmospheric chemical and physical processes. In order to gain information on the metabolic functioning of microbial communities in clouds, we conducted coordinated metagenomics/metatranscriptomics profiling of cloud water microbial communities. Samples were collected from a high altitude atmospheric station in France and examined for biological content after untargeted amplification of nucleic acids. Living microorganisms, essentially bacteria, maintained transcriptional and translational activities and expressed many known complementary physiological responses intended to fight oxidants, osmotic variations and cold. These included activities of oxidant detoxification and regulation, synthesis of osmoprotectants/cryoprotectants, modifications of membranes, iron uptake. Consistently these energy-demanding processes were fueled by central metabolic routes involved in oxidative stress response and redox homeostasis management, such as pentose phosphate and glyoxylate pathways. Elevated binding and transmembrane ion transports demonstrated important interactions between cells and their cloud droplet chemical environments. In addition, polysaccharides, potentially beneficial for survival like exopolysaccharides, biosurfactants and adhesins, were synthesized. Our results support a biological influence on cloud physical and chemical processes, acting notably on the oxidant capacity, iron speciation and availability, amino-acids distribution and carbon and nitrogen fates.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Can the comparison of above- and below-ground litter decomposition improve our understanding of bacterial and fungal successions?

Author: Isabelle Bertrand, Nicolas Fanin, Matthieu Chauvat, Marie Sauvadet, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA, the Department of Environment and Agronomy, SOFIA project (ANR Agrobiosphere, ANR-11-AGRO-0004), ANR-11-AGRO-0004,SOFIA,Agrosystèmes et biodiversité fonctionnelle des Sols(2011), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Federal University of Santa Maria, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Decomposition, Phylum, Microorganism, Soil Science, Pyrosequencing, Microbial community structure, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Substrate (marine biology), Soil, Botany, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Composition (visual arts), Incubation, Succession dynamics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; The relationship between litter quality and life strategy of soil microorganisms (copiotrophy vs oligotrophy) is important for understanding soil processes such as decomposition. Yet, whether and how this relationship may vary with the addition of substrates of contrasting quality (i.e., labile vs recalcitrant) has rarely been evaluated for both bacteria and fungi simultaneously. Using a 3-month incubation experiment with either maize leaves (enriched in soluble carbon (C)) or roots (enriched in structural C), we measured changes in litter quality in association with the composition of bacterial and fungal communities assessed via pyrosequencing after 0, 15, 35 and 91 days. Overall, leaf addition led to a higher differentiation from the unamended soil for bacterial and early-decomposers fungal communities compared with root addition. This finding clearly indicates that the differentiation of microbial communities strongly depends on substrate quality for both bacterial and fungal communities. Further, the differentiation of bacterial communities after litter addition remained relatively similar throughout the incubation period. This suggests that many bacterial taxa are more adapted to complex C compounds than previously thought. Finally, our study underscores the limits of the copiotroph–oligotroph model at the phylum level and the necessity to work at a finer taxonomic resolution.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Champagne Bubbles : Isolation and Characterization of amphiphilic macromolecules responsible for the stability of the collar at the Champagne / air interface

Author: Véronique Aguié-Beghin, Zouleika Abdallah, Véronique Aguié, Roger Douillard, Christophe Bliard, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims - UMR 7312 (ICMR), SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Isolement, structure, transformations et synthèse de substances naturelles (ISTSSN), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JEANDET Philippe, CLÉMENT Christophe, CONREUX Alexandra, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Interface air/liquid, Champagne wine, amphiphilic macromolecules, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FOS: Physical sciences, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, champagne bubbles, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Macromolecules, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Physics - Chemical Physics, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Adsorption layer, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, isolation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The effervescence and the stability of the ring of fine bubbles crowning the surface of a champagne glass, the "collar", constitute one of the hallmarks of Champagne. Defects in the stability of this collar are not well understood and account for a significant proportion of bottle return. This study aims to better understand the surface properties of champagne wine such that the foaming properties can be controlled more effectively. Early studies on Champagne foaming properties using the "Mosalux" measurement of the foam level formed by air flow in champagne through fritted glass pointed to a link between protein concentration and foam level [5] but no satisfactory correlation between protein content and foam stability was established. Later measurements were conducted with either ultra-filtrates or ultra-concentrates [4]. The authors demonstrated that macromolecule concentration was an essential parameter in the foam stability. The stability of bubbles is usually ascribed to the presence of an adsorption layer formed at the gas/liquid interface and its properties [3]. Thus surface properties of Champagne were analysed by ellipsometry and tensiometry. Measurements conducted on base wine, on ultra-filtered base wines and degassed champagne samples showed the presence of an adsorption layer formed at the air/champagne wine interface [6] and that adsorption layer being composed of macromolecules in a 104 to 105 molecular range [7]. Previous studies on champagne wine macromolecules had shown wine macromolecules to be mostly proteins and polysaccharides [8] with very little insight as to the chemical constitution. The present study describes the isolation and characterization of these macromolecules and their link with the adsorption layer., https://www.lavoisier.fr/livre/agro-alimentaire/macromolecules-and-secondary-metabolites-of-grapevine-and-wine-fruit-development-biotic-and-abiotic-stresses/jeandet/descriptif-9782743009656
Published: 2019

10. Comprehensive study on machinability of sustainable and conventional fibre reinforced polymer composites

Author: Johnny Beaugrand, Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail, Ivan Popov, Hom Nath Dhakal, University of Liverpool, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: machinability, Machinability, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, Mechanical and Design Engineering, Computer Networks and Communications, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Thrust, 02 engineering and technology, drilling parameters, delamination, Biomaterials, Surface roughness, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Fibre reinforced composites (FRCs), Optimal drilling, Composite material, Civil and Structural Engineering, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Drill, Mechanical Engineering, Delamination, Metals and Alloys, Drilling, fibre reinforced composites (FRCs), Composite laminates, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Drilling parameters, Hardware and Architecture, surface roughness, optimal drilling, 0210 nano-technology, High-speed steel
Abstract: The conventional homogeneous materials can no longer effectively satisfy the growing demands on product capabilities and performance, due to the advancement in products design and materials engineering. Therefore, the fibre reinforced composites (FRCs) with better properties and desirable applications emerged. These enhanced qualities of the FRCs have emphasized the need for analysing their machinability for further improvement of performance. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the machinability effects of drilling parameters (feed rate, cutting speed and thrust force), drill diameters and chips formation mainly on delamination and surface roughness of hemp fibre reinforced polymer (19/HFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (MTM 44-1/CFRP) composite laminates, using high speed steel (HSS) drills under dry machining condition. The results obtained depict that an increase in feed rate and thrust force caused an increase in delamination and surface roughness of both samples, different from cutting speed. Also, increased drill diameter and types of chips formation caused an increase in both delamination and surface roughness of both samples, as the material removal rate (MRR) increased. Evidently, the minimum surface roughness and delamination factor of the two samples for an optimal drilling are associated with feed rates of 0.05–0.10mm/rev and cutting speed of 30m/min.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Reliability evaluation of automated analysis, 2D scanner, and micro-tomography methods for measuring fiber dimensions in polymer-lignocellulosic fiber composites

Author: Christine Delisée, Johnny Beaugrand, Romain Castellani, Jérôme Malvestio, Erika Di Giuseppe, Simon Dobosz, Bruno Vergnes, Françoise Berzin, Tatiana Budtova, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Procedés de Décontamination et d'Enrobage des Déchets (SPDE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité des Sciences du bois et des biopolymères (Us2b), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Imagination, Spectrum analyzer, Scanner, Materials science, Statistical properties/methods, media_common.quotation_subject, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fiber, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Reliability (statistics), Natural fiber, media_common, Polymer-matrix composites, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Natural fibers, Microstructures, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Composite processing strongly affects the size of lignocellulosic fibers, and consequently the mechanical properties of the final product. Using a reliable method for the analysis of fiber length and diameter distributions is thus crucial for the understanding of fiber behavior during processing. In this study, three different techniques, X-ray microtomography, 2D scanning and automated fiber analyzer, were compared in terms of their reliability for the characterization of dimensions of two kinds of lignocellulosic fibers, hemp and miscanthus, in polymer-natural fiber composites. Statistical analysis was employed to interpret fiber size distributions. The study confirmed that interpreting the dimensions of natural fiber is still a difficult task. The inherent limitations of the measuring methods make each technique complementary to the others in terms of length scale. The choice of the technique is, therefore, strictly dependent on fiber dimensions and the aim of the work.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Exploring mechanical properties of fully compostable flax reinforced composite filaments for 3D printing applications

Author: Clement Denoual, Gabriel Paës, Claire Mayer-Laigle, Céline Badouard, Fanny Traon, Alain Bourmaud, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA (project FLUOFLAX4D), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 3d printed, Materials science, fibre végétale, Composite number, 3D printing, Mechanical properties, plant fibres, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, impression 3D, Flax shives, Fused deposition modelling, Filler (materials), [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, propriété mécanique, Composite material, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biocomposites, 010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, mechanical characteristic, matrice polymérique, Polymer, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, biomatériau, engineering, Flax fibres, Biocomposite, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant fibres are increasingly used for composite reinforcement, but valorization of by-products such as flax shives still needs to be developed. Also, additive manufacturing, such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), is strongly progressing and can be of great interest to implement biocomposite solutions. The present work focuses on the development of innovative and fully biodegradable filaments for FDM. Three polymer matrices were tested: PLLA, PLLA/PBS 50/50%-wt and PBAT. A filler content of 30-wt% has been achieved using flax shives with PBAT. Flax fibres and shives reinforced 3D printed parts exhibit promising performances and printability, highlighting their potential to successfully develop fully compostable filaments.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Wheat Bran Pretreatment by Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Water Mixture: Optimization of Process Conditions by PLS-Surface Response Design: Optimization of Process Conditions by PLS-Surface Response Design

Author: Eric Husson, Romain Roulard, Catherine Sarazin, Doriane Gérard, Caroline Rémond, Harivoni Rakotoarivonina, Jorge Saavedra-Torrico, Isabelle Gosselin, Monica Araya-Farias, Virginie Lambertyn, Institut Galien Paris-Sud (IGPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interreg France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen through the ValBran project, European Union (EU), Province West of Flanders, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire. Reconnaissance Moléculaire et Catalyse - UMR CNRS 7025 (GEC UPJV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Sarazin, Catherine
Subjects: Lignocellulosic biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Xylose, biomasse lignocellulosique, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, rendement en sucre, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, hemicellulolytic cocktail, Enzymatic hydrolysis, biomasse, room temperature ionic liquid, Sugar, partial least square surface response design, ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS, LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS, SUGARCANE BAGASSE, C-13 NMR, CELLULOSE, SACCHARIFICATION, STRAW, BIOREFINERY, DISSOLUTION, ACID, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, ionic liquid-water mixture, Bran, son de blé, enzymatic hydrolysis, General Chemistry, pretreatment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, Monomer, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Ionic liquid, prétraitement, 0210 nano-technology, wheat bran, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) pretreatment are well-recognized to improve the enzymatic production of platform molecules such as sugar monomers from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). The conditions for implementing this key step requires henceforth optimization to reach a satisfactory compromise between energy saving, required RTIL amount and hydrolysis yields. Wheat bran (WB) and destarched wheat bran (DWB), which constitute relevant sugar-rich feedstocks were selected for this present study. Pretreatments of these two distinct biomasses with various 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc])-water mixtures prior to hydrolysis catalyzed by hemicellulolytic cocktail (Cellic CTec2) were finely investigated. The main operating conditions such as pretreatment temperature (25-150 degrees C), time (40-180 min), WB and DWB loading (2-5% w/v) and concentration of [C2mim][OAc] in water [10-100% (v/v)] were screened through glucose and xylose yields and then optimized through a Partial Least Square (PLS)-Second Order Design. In an innovative way, the PLS results showed that the four factors and their interactions could be well-fitted by a second-order model (p < 0.05). The quadratic PLS models were used to predict optimal pretreatment conditions. Thus, maximum glucose (83%) and xylose (95%) yields were obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of WB pretreated at 150 degrees C for 40 min with 10% of [C2mim][OAc] in water and 5% of WB loading. For DWB, maximum glucose (100%) and xylose (57%) yields were achieved for pretreatment temperatures of 150 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. The required duration was still 40 min, with 20% of [C2mim][OAc] in water and a 5% DWB loading. Then, Multiple Response Optimization (MRO) performed by Nelder-Mead Simplex Method displayed sugar yields similar to those obtained by individual PLS optimization. This complete statistical study confirmed that the established models were appropriate to predict the sugar yields achieved after different pretreatment conditions from WB and DWB biomasses. Finally, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) studies allowed us to establish clearer link between structural changes induced by pretreatment and the best enzymatic performances obtained.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques

Author: Cellier, Pierre, Pellerin, Sylvain, Recous, Sylvie, Vertès, Francoise, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Guy Richard, Pierre Stengel, Gilles Lemaire, Pierre Cellier, Egizio Valceschini, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: cycles biogéochimiques, azote, maîtrise des impacts environnementaux, mineral fertilization, potassium, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, sulphur s (symbol), biogeochemical cycle, Sciences de la Terre, nitrogen, bouclage des cycles, soufre, fertilisation, phosphore, évolution des pratiques, cascade de l'azote, histoire, Earth Sciences, fertilisation minérale, phosphorus, Milieux et Changements globaux, cycle biogéochimique
Abstract: Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques
Published: 2019

15. Stoichiometry constraints challenge the potential of agroecological practices for the soil C storage. A review

Author: Sylvie Recous, Tanguy Daufresne, Valérie Viaud, Sylvain Pellerin, Isabelle Bertrand, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, stochiometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, plant, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Environmental protection, Organic matter, phosphorus, Agroecology, organic matter, Sustainable development, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Phosphorus, carbon, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen, chemistry, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, agricultural soils, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon, Stoichiometry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: To date, the stoichiometry concept has been poorly used to explore C, N, and P cycles in agroecosystems. As agriculture is now under pressure to reduce the use of synthetic inputs, ecological processes and alternative agricultural practices will become the main regulators of the relationships between C, N, and P and thereby of nutrient availability and C storage in soils. In this paper, we review the ecological theories underpinning the concepts of homeostasis and stoichiometric flexibility, their application to agroecosystems, and how stoichiometry could constraint agroecological practices related to nutrient availability and soil C storage. Our main findings are (1) optimal C:N:P ratios exist at the species level, reflecting a range of ecological strategies and representing a keystone constraint for the coupling of C, N, and P cycles, resulting in canonical ratios at the community level. Stoichiometric flexibility nevertheless exists from the organism level-autotrophs having higher flexibility than heterotrophs-to the community level, depending on assembly rules. (2) Agroecosystems are stoichiometrically constrained especially in the soil compartment, due to the low stoichiometric flexibility of microorganisms at the community level. (3) Agricultural practices such as fertilization decrease N:P ratios in soil surface when total P is considered, while C:N ratios remained constant. (4) Stoichiometry homeostasis constraints for soil C storage require the availability of N and P. They can be supported by agroecological practices that promote nutrient recycling (organic fertilization, permanent soil cover, N fixation). The 45-Tg N and 4.8-Tg P needed to increase the C stock of cropped soils by "4 per mille per year" can be also provided by suppressing nutrient losses. We conclude that two soil compartments should be more investigated to evaluate their potential to bypass stoichiometric constraints and foster C storage while reducing chemical inputs: deep soil horizons and particulate organic matter fraction.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Characteristics of bioeconomy systems and sustainability issues at the territorial scale. A review

Author: Chantal Loyce, Caroline Godard, Julie Wohlfahrt, Benoit Gabrielle, Bernard Kurek, Fabien Ferchaud, Olivier Therond, Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Indre (CA 36), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomie, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité d'Agronomie Laon-Reims-Mons (LAON), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 12. Responsible consumption, social-ecological system, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, integrated assessment, territorial scale, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, Sustainable development, Flexibility (engineering), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Scale (chemistry), 05 social sciences, Sustainability science, 15. Life on land, Environmental economics, Variety (cybernetics), Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, 050501 criminology, landscape scale, Business, conceptual framework, Transformation processes
Abstract: The bioeconomy is expected to be a key solution to supply societies with food and non-food products while replacing non-renewable resources and preserving natural ones. Sustainability of bioeconomy systems is currently an issue that has to be addressed. Current research dealing with the bioeconomy focuses primarily on technologies to improve biomass transformation and, with regard to sustainability, on simple and unitary bio-based value chains such as biofuel production from a single crop. In this paper, based on a literature review, we highlight the complexity of bioeconomy systems and propose a framework to support their sustainable development. We first review the key characteristics of bioeconomy systems: a wide variety of stakeholders with a limited vision of bioeconomy systems, flexibility but also rigidity of biomass feedstocks or transformation processes and a complex spatio-temporal layout. Drawing on sustainability science, we show the relevance of the social-ecological concept to approach territorial bioeconomy systems' sustainably and develop an analytical framework to address sustainable development of territorial (local/regional) bioeconomy systems. This framework is based on two complementary representations of territorial bioeconomy systems, used to decipher their complexity. Finally, we outline an integrated assessment and modelling approach designed to tackle specific bioeconomy sustainability issues. This participatory approach has to take into account: i) the different sub-systems of territorial bioeconomy systems, their high level of interactions, their heterogeneity in terms of entities and processes involved and the circularity of matter and energy (production, transformation, use and recycling) with particular emphasis on the transformation sub-system and the logistics ii) the multiplicity and flexibility of stakeholders’ nature, strategies and concerns, iii) the variety of spatial and temporal scales at play; iv) the effects of exogenous drivers like supra-regional policies and regulations, markets (e.g. prices of energies and biomass-based products) and climate.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Ferulic acid derivatives used as biobased powders for a convenient plasticization of polylactic acid in continuous hot-melt process

Author: Antoine Gallos, Samir Kasmi, Johnny Beaugrand, Gabriel Paës, Florent Allais, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Region Grand Est, Conseil Departemental de la Marne, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, MIGRATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, plastification, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ferulic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polylactic acid, Materials Chemistry, Thermal stability, acide polylactique, POLY(LACTIC ACID), PHOSPHITE, chemistry.chemical_classification, SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS, Organic Chemistry, Plasticizer, Polymer, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, CHAIN EXTENSION, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Hildebrand solubility parameter, extrusion, chemistry, Chemical engineering, acide férulique, STARCH, Extrusion, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, FIBERS, ferulic acid
Abstract: Plasticizers are additives used to soften polymers, but most of them are oily or waxy and are difficult to process in a continuous hot-melt process. The plasticizing effect of four functionalized ferulic acid derivatives designed with controlled solubility parameters was investigated upon the study of both the thermal stability and the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) blends. The synthesized powders were incorporated into PLA through a continuous hot-melt process (extrusion) allowing the derivatives to turn from crystalline to an amorphous state. Such phase transition permitted the derivatives to act as plasticizers, reaching a reduction of the Young's modulus of PLA by 40% for one of the derivatives blended at 20 wt%. Another derivative decreased the glass transition of the PLA from 56.6 °C to 26.3 °C at the same content. These works demonstrate the interest of using phase transition additives to ease the mixing of efficient plasticizers by hot-melt processing.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Mesurer l’épaisseur des résidus à la surface d’un sol pour estimer leur biomasse

Author: Pascal Thiebeau, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR Pépites (2009-2013), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, crop residues, surface du sol, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, estimate, biomasse, 2. Zero hunger, soil surface, biomass, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, résidu de culture, 15. Life on land, thickness, Résidu de culture, Surface du sol, Epaisseur, Biomasse, Estimation, crop residue, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, agriculture de conservation, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, ferme, Epaisseur, Estimation, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Today, crop residues are no longer considered as waste: their contributions to the agronomic and environmental balance of cropping systems are recognized In this context, knowing their quantity on the soil surface after harvest, becomes an important stake of the management of organic matter in the crop rotation. Generally, the quantitative estimation is carried out by taking samples, in order to determine the dry mass (DM) in the laboratory. The aim of this work is to propose a rapid method of quantification of soil residues, the assumption of which is based on a method for estimating standing grass biomass. This work has been carried out on farms practising conservation agriculture in a crop farming region. The residues were ground during the harvest or a subsequent specific operation. Biomass data were collected using 0.5 x 0.5 m frames, while thickness measurements were collected using an asperimeter. This work compares two methods of thickness measurement: either by random repetitions of positioning of the asperimeter along a transect perpendicular to the direction of progression of the harvester, or by side-by-side repetitions. A test of the number of thickness measurements was carried out to know the maximum spacing to keep making an accurate estimate. The results show that it is preferable to perform residue thickness measurements over the entire harvester transect to accurately estimate this information, and that 100 thickness measurements must be maintained to keep an estimate close to the reference thickness measurement; the spacing between two measurements must not exceed 6 cm. Moreover, this work shows that it possible to approximate the biomass left on the soil with a good quality of estimation by retaining that one millimeter of residue thickness represents 50 g DM.m(-2)., Aujourd’hui, les résidus de culture ne sont plus considérés comme des déchets : leurcontribution aux équilibres agronomiques et environnementaux des systèmes de culture est reconnue.Dans ce contexte, connaître leur quantité à la surface d’un sol, après une récolte, devient un enjeuimportant de la gestion des matières organiques dans la rotation des cultures. Généralement,l’estimation quantitative se réalise par prélèvement d’échantillons, afind’en déterminer la masse sèche(MS) au laboratoire. L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une méthode rapide de quantification desrésidus au sol, dont l’hypothèse est basée sur une méthode d’estimation de biomasse prairiale sur pied.Ce travail a été réalisé sur des exploitations pratiquant l’agriculture de conservation en région degrandes cultures. Les résidus ont été broyés lors de la récolte ou lors d’une opération spécifiquesuivante. Les données de biomasse ont été collectées à l’aide de cadres de 0,5 0,5 m, tandis que lesmesures d’épaisseur ont été effectuées à l’aide d’un aspérimètre. Ce travail compare deux méthodes demesure d’épaisseur : soit par répétitions aléatoires de positionnement de l’aspérimètrelelongd’untransect perpendiculaire au sens de progression de la moissonneuse, soit par répétitions côte à côte. Untest du nombre de mesures d’épaisseur a été réalisé pour connaître l’espacement maximal à conserverpour réaliser une estimation précise. Les résultats montrent qu’il est préférable de réaliser les mesuresd’épaisseur des résidus sur l’intégralité d’un transect de moissonneuse pour estimer avec précision cetteinformation, et qu’il faut maintenir 100 mesures d’épaisseur pour conserver une estimation proche de lamesure d’épaisseur de référence, l’espacement entre deux mesures ne devant pas excéder 6 cm. Parailleurs, ce travail montre qu’il est possible d’obtenir une approximation de la biomasse présente auchamp avec une bonne qualité d’estimation, en retenant qu’un millimètre d’épaisseur de résidureprésente 50 g MS.m 2.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. N2O emission increases with mulch mass in a fertilized sugarcane cropping system

Author: Patrick Leal Pinheiro, Sylvie Recous, Adriane Luiza Schu, Douglas Adams Weiler, Heitor Luis Santin Bazzo, Sandro José Giacomini, Guilherme Dietrich, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences sans frontières, Brésil, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Mulch, Crop residue removal, Field experiment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, engineering.material, Microbiology, Emission factor, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cropping system, Water content, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Decomposition, Nitrous oxide, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Straw, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fertilizer, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: The nitrous oxide (N2O) emitted from soil was monitored to investigate the effect of sugarcane straw removal on the mechanisms that make mulch a “hot spot” of N2O emissions under subtropical conditions. We conducted a field experiment with the first-ratoon sugarcane with four amounts of straw (0, 4, 8, and 12 Mg ha−1) at the soil surface combined with 0 or 100 kg urea-N ha−1. The urea-N was applied 52 days after straw application. Over the course of 1 year, we measured the N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, mineral nitrogen (N), soil moisture and temperature, and remaining straw carbon (C) and N in the mulch. We observed two “hot moments” for N2O emissions: the first one immediately after sugarcane straw application to soil and the second one after fertilizer-N application. High amounts of straw left on the soil led to an increase in the water-filled pore space (WFPS), and both WFPS and straw-C were strongly correlated with N2O fluxes. Cumulative N2O increased from 510 (0 Mg + N) to 1055 (12 Mg + N) g N2O-N ha−1 for the fertilized straw treatments. The N2O emission factors (EFs) of the sugarcane straw N and the fertilizer-N increased linearly with straw quantity, i.e., were not constant but were lower than the IPCC default values. Over 70% of the cumulative N2O emissions measured in straw + fertilizer-N treatments for 1 year were attributed to the presence of straw mulch, which emphasized the importance of the straw layer at the soil surface as a hot spot for N2O emissions.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Développement d’un outil d’évaluation de la performance environnementale des exploitations agricoles à destination de la finance verte

Author: Nugues, Melaine, Bell, Alix, Nzally, Cyrille Kantoncan, Fert, Mathieu, Taurou, Inès, Dourmad, Jean-Yves, Guyomard, Herve, Peyraud, Jean-Louis, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], méthode de notation, équipement agricole, évaluation, impact environnemental, farm equipment, environmental impact, environment, environnement, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), pratique d'élevage
Abstract: L’objectif de cette communication est de présenter une méthode originale d’évaluation des effets des pratiques et équipements utilisés en élevage laitier sur l’environnement. L’évaluation est réalisée de manière qualitative : 154 pratiques sont évaluées sur 20 performances élémentaires, par une échelle à 6 niveaux allant du plus négatif au plus positif. Ces performances élémentaires sont ensuite agrégées en 8 performances environnementales : Energie, Quantité d’eau, Qualité du sol, Qualité de l’eau, Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES), Qualité de l’air, Biodiversité, Bien-Être Animal. Les équipements requis à la mise en oeuvre de chaque pratique ainsi évaluée ont été répertoriés. Les liens entre pratiques et équipements permettent d’attribuer aux équipements une note sur chacune des 8 performances. Au final chaque équipement reçoit une note environnementale correspondant à l’agrégation de ces 8 performances. Cette méthode de notation des impacts environnementaux peut être utilisée dans différents contextes. Le texte fournit un exemple à partir des besoins d’équipements pour la filière laitière du Grand Est, en réponse à des priorités fixées au niveau régional., The aim of this communication is to introduce an environmental assesment method of the effects of the practices and equipments used in dairy farms on the environment. The assesment is qualitative: 154 practices are assessed on 20 elementary performances with a 6-levels scale, from negative to positive. These elementary performances are then agregated into 8 environmental performances: Energy, Water Quantity, Soil Quality, Water Quality, Greenhouse Gas, Air Quality, Biodiversity, Animal Welfare. The equipment required to each practice implementation were listed. The assesment of each equipment is derivated from the links between practices and equipments. Eventually the 8 environmental performances are agregated into the final environmental rate. This environmental assesment method can be used in different contexts. The communication gives an example based on the investments needs for dairy farming in Grand Est, given priorities established at the regional level.
Published: 2018

21. Performance of a Stoichio-kinetic model to predict the degradation of lignocellulose by Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) and formatio of molecules of interest

Author: Clercq, Alexandre, Gerbin, Elise, Arrais, Marouan, Aguié-Béghin, Véronique, Kurek, Bernard, Kondjoyan, Alain, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR0614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). FRA. Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), FRA.
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Performance of a Stoichio-kinetic model to predict the degradation of lignocellulose by Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) and formatio of molecules of interest. International congress on exploring Lignocellulosic Biomass-Challenges and opportunities for bioeconomy
Published: 2018

22. The use of biogeochemical models to evaluate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from managed grasslands

Author: Marco Carozzi, Lutz Merbold, Kate Gongadze, Susanne Rolinski, Pete Smith, Christopher D. Dorich, Paul C. D. Newton, Kathrin Fuchs, Mark A. Liebig, Nuala Fitton, Renáta Sándor, Robert M. Rees, Val Snow, Katja Klumpp, Sylvie Recous, Fiona Ehrhardt, Raphaël Martin, Gianni Bellocchi, Lorenzo Brilli, Jean-François Soussana, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Collège de Direction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente (DISPAA ), Climate Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, Lincoln Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute Agricultural Science (ETH Zurich), Sustanaible soils and grassland Department, Rothamsted Research, NGPRL, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), ADEME, Collège de Direction (CODIR), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chargement en betail, GHG emision intensity, simulation models, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, cycle de l'azote, Grazing, gaz à effet de serre, méthane, Waste Management and Disposal, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, Livestock density, prairie, nitrogen fertilization, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, fertilisation azotée, Process-based model, France, Sensitivity analysis, Cycling, GHG emission intensity, cycle du carbone, Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, modèle de simulation, suisse, Nitrogen fertilization, greenhouse gases, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, royaume uni, Primary production, 15. Life on land, états-unis, united kingdom, Arid, grazing intensity, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, marsh gas, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, intensité de pâturage, grassland, usa
Abstract: Simulation models quantify the impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in grassland systems caused by changes in management practices. To support agricultural policies, it is however important to contrast the responses of alternative models, which can differ greatly in their treatment of key processes and in their response to management. We applied eight biogeochemical models at five grassland sites (in France, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States) to compare the sensitivity of modelled C and N fluxes to changes in the density of grazing animals (from 100% to 50% of the original livestock densities), also in combination with decreasing N fertilization levels (reduced to zero from the initial levels). Simulated multi-model median values indicated that input reduction would lead to an increase in the C sink strength (negative net ecosystem C exchange) in intensive grazing systems: −64 ± 74 g C m−2 yr−1 (animal density reduction) and −81 ± 74 g C m−2 yr−1 (N and animal density reduction), against the baseline of −30.5 ± 69.5 g C m−2 yr−1 (LSU [livestock units] ≥ 0.76 ha−1 yr−1). Simulations also indicated a strong effect of N fertilizer reduction on N fluxes, e.g. N2O-N emissions decreased from 0.34 ± 0.22 (baseline) to 0.1 ± 0.05 g N m−2 yr−1 (no N fertilization). Simulated decline in grazing intensity had only limited impact on the N balance. The simulated pattern of enteric methane emissions was dominated by high model-to-model variability. The reduction in simulated offtake (animal intake + cut biomass) led to a doubling in net primary production per animal (increased by 11.6 ± 8.1 t C LSU−1 yr−1 across sites). The highest N2O-N intensities (N2O-N/offtake) were simulated at mown and extensively grazed arid sites. We show the possibility of using grassland models to determine sound mitigation practices while quantifying the uncertainties associated with the simulated outputs.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Field 13C Pulse Labeling of Pea, Wheat, and Vetch Plants for Subsequent Root and Shoot Decomposition Studies

Author: Majid Mahmood Tahir, Sandro José Giacomini, Sylvie Recous, Bruno Chaves, Celso Aita, Ismael Cristiano Pfeifer, The University of Poonch, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, soil, carbon, organic matter, decomposition, 13C, pulse labelling, 13CO2, Vicia sativa, marquage isotopique, 01 natural sciences, Sativum, allocation du carbone, Milieux et Changements globaux, pisum sativum, spring vetch, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, décomposition végétale, Chemistry, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Horticulture, Shoot, plant parts, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Pisum, isotope labelling, Crop, Organic matter, Dry matter, triticum aestivum, lcsh:Agriculture (General), enrichissement carbone, lumière pulsée, fungi, Mineralization (soil science), chemical fractions, 15. Life on land, distribution du carbone, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:S1-972, vicia sativa, isotopic homogeneity, peas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, C mineralization, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Isotopic labeling of plants is useful in tracking the fate of carbon (C) from different plant parts in a soil-plant system when these parts decompose simultaneously. Pulse labeling is a relatively simple technique and is amenable for use in the field. Therefore, we evaluated a 13CO2 pulse-labeling method to label crop plants under subtropical field conditions for simultaneous root and shoot decomposition studies. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and vetch (Vicia sativa L.) plants were grown inside polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders and pulse labeled once a week for a total of 11 times. After harvest, ‘’paired’’ treatments were designed by combining 13C-labeled shoots with unlabeled roots and unlabeled shoots with 13C-labeled roots, resulting in six treatments (2 combinations × 3 species), plus an unamended control treatment. The 13C enrichment of plant parts, chemical fractions, 13C recovery, and distribution in roots, shoots, and soil were determined. Soil CO2 emissions were measured continuously by the alkaline trap method for 180 days. Plant dry matter production and chemical composition were not modified by 13C labeling. The maximum level of 13C enrichment (δ13C) in plants was +495 ‰ in wheat, +426 ‰ in pea, and +378 ‰ in vetch plants. All three crops showed similar patterns of 13C distribution in the following order: shoots > roots > soil. On average, 81 to 89 % of the recovered 13C was in the shoots, 7 to 14 % was in the roots, and 2.7 to 4.3 % was in the soil. The rate of C mineralization and cumulative C mineralization were not different between ‘’paired’’ treatments of the three crops, showing that the paired treatments were equally degradable. The pulse-labeling technique used under field conditions allowed for production of sufficiently labeled wheat, pea, and vetch plants. Therefore, it is a practical approach with respect to resource demand (tracer and labor costs), and it is suitable for in situ labeling.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Estimation de la quantité d'eau apportée par une rosée à l'aide de capteurs diélectriques de durée d'humectation

Author: Thiebeau, Pascal, Alavoine, Gonzague, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Laboratoire, rosée, Mesure de la quantité d'eau, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], water, dew, Méthode, Capteur capacitif, Rosée, Capteur capacitif, Etalonnage, Laboratoire, Méthode, Mesure de la quantité d'eau, chanvre, Etalonnage, eau, paillis, durée d'humectation, straw mulches
Abstract: Nous avons utilisé des capteurs diélectriques (ou capacitifs) afin de pouvoir suivre en continu la présence ou l’absence de rosées à la surface de pailles de chanvre au champ, cette information étant importante pour améliorer nos connaissances sur le processus de rouissage. Après une saison d’utilisation, nous avons cherché à quantifier l’eau présente lors d’une rosée par étalonnage des capteurs en conditions contrôlées au laboratoire. Deux méthodes ont été testées : une méthode massique (méthode 1), par pulvérisation d’eau à la surface du capteur, suivi de la dynamique d’évaporation par pesée continue sur une balance de précision ; une méthode volumique (méthode 2), par application d’une quantité d’eau précise déposée à l’aide d’une micropipette et mesure du signal diélectrique. Nous préconisons de retenir la méthode massique car elle se révèle plus juste que la méthode volumique. Ce matériel répond bien à l’objectif affiché par le constructeur : détecter la présence d’une rosée. Notre travail permet d’affiner cette donnée en quantifiant l’eau présente (masse d’eau sur le capteur(g) = 0,0013 x signal(mV) – 0,4190 ; R2 = 0,9728, RMSE = 0,0261).
Published: 2018

25. Mechanical properties of leaf sheath date palm fibre waste biomass reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) biocomposites

Author: Johnny Beaugrand, Françoise Berzin, Hom Nath Dhakal, Fahad Almansour, Alain Bourmaud, Darshil U. Shah, Zhongyi Zhang, University of Portsmouth, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), MATRICE 'CPER France-Champagne-Ardenne' program, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dhakal, H [0000-0002-6439-3742], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, Young's modulus, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Low-velocity impact, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultimate tensile strength, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Composite material, Biocomposites, Delamination, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Date palm fibres, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Polycaprolactone, symbols, Extrusion, 0210 nano-technology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Date palm fibres are one of the most available natural fibres in North Africa and the Middle East. A significant amount of date palm fibres biomass is wasted annually and only limited amounts are used in low value products. In this study, tensile and low-velocity impact responses of biodegradable, lignocellulosic biomass reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) biocomposites are reported. Two different types of laminates reinforced with date palm fibre obtained from agriculture waste were manufactured using an extrusion process. The influence of processing parameters, such as screw rotation speed on the tensile and low-velocity impact damage characteristics have been investigated. The tensile strength increased for neat PCL from 19 MPa to 25 MPa with 28 wt.% reinforcement of date palm fibres. Similarly, the tensile modulus for neat PCL was increased from 140 MPa to 282 MPa upon reinforcement. The screw rotation speed showed a moderate effect on palm fibre morphologies, and slight effect on tensile properties of the biocomposites. Specimens with lower incident energy of 25 J achieved better impact resistance compared to that of 50 J. The impact damage of biocomposites analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the fractured surfaces showed various modes of damage. The biocomposites developed in this work can be used as an economically and environmentally attractive alternative materials for lightweight applications in automotive and marine sectors.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Root and Shoot Contribution to Carbon and Nitrogen Inputs in the Topsoil Layer in No-Tillage Crop Systems under Subtropical Conditions

Author: Marciel Redin, Sandro José Giacomini, Bruno Chaves, Leonardo Mendes Bastos, Sylvie Recous, Ismael Cristiano Pfeifer, Getúlio Elias Pilecco, Celso Aita, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Program CNPq - Ciência sem Fronteiras, process number 401724/2012-3., Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Poaceae, 01 natural sciences, biomass allocation, cover crops, Fabaceae, shoot to root ratio, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Cover crop, 2. Zero hunger, Topsoil, Soil organic matter, fungi, Sowing, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, lcsh:S1-972, Tillage, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil fertility, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Recycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from plants into soils is decisive for maintaining soil organic matter and soil fertility. Therefore, we quantified plant biomass and C and N in the shoots and roots from the topsoil layer for a wide range of annual crops grown under subtropical conditions. We grew 26 species, 13 main crops, and 13 cover crops, in the field in standard sowing arrangements. Root biomass was recovered from the 0.00-0.20 m soil layer at flowering, and shoot biomass was measured at flowering for all crops and at maturity only for the main crops. Root dry matter (DM) exhibited an average of 14.9 ± 5.7 % of the total shoot biomass at flowering, and the mean shoot DM to root DM ratio was 6.9 (2.8-15.0) for the 26 crops considered. Leguminous species had less root DM (0.5 to 1.0 Mg ha-1) than grass species (1.1 to 2.3 Mg ha-1). The shoot C to root C ratio varied consistently with DM, while the root N to shoot N ratio varied considerably among species. Proportionally more biomass, C, and N was allocated to the root systems of grasses (Poaceae species) than non-grass species (especially Fabaceae species). The findings of this study contribute to designing rotations to include species that promote cycling of N and have high potential for adding C to the soil through roots. In this sense, the use of intercropped grasses and legumes is a promising strategy, especially for cover crops.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. High carbon use efficiency and low priming effect promote soil C stabilization under reduced tillage

Author: Isabelle Bertrand, Pierre-Alain Maron, Marie Sauvadet, Gonzague Alavoine, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Matthieu Chauvat, Sylvie Recous, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Sciences Appliquées à L'Environnement (SCALE), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR Agrobiosphère Projet SOFIA, ANR-11-AGRO-0004, ANR-11-AGRO-0004,SOFIA,Agrosystèmes et biodiversité fonctionnelle des Sols(2011), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Etude et compréhension de la biodiversité ( ECODIV ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Sciences Appliquées à L'Environnement ( SCALE ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: business.product_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, fertilité des sols, C-13, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Microbial communities, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, complex mixtures, CUE, nord pas de calais, Plough, Soil management, Soil, Litter, carbone organique du sol, litière du sol, Priming effect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Decomposition, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Enzymes, Tillage, Agronomy, labour réduit, 13. Climate action, Loam, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, France, Soil fertility, business
Abstract: Increasing the accumulation of organic carbon (C) in soils is a crucial challenge both for soil fertility and for climate change mitigation. Heterotrophic microbial communities are key drivers of C cycling in the soil and are influenced by cultural practices, among other factors. However, whether changes in microbial communities in turn affect their C degradation functions is not well understood. Here, we studied the effects of prior soil management on the microbial taxonomic composition and activity of soils amended with wheat litter. Prior soil management was either conventional (CONV) (i.e., full inversion ploughing) or reduced tillage (RT) during a 5 year period in the same loamy soil in northern France. Soil samples taken from the top 5 cm of field plots were incubated with C-13-labelled litter of either flowering wheat or mature wheat for 29 days at 15 degrees C. We measured the C-CO2 and C-13-CO2, microbial biomass C (MBC) and C-13, and hydrolytic enzyme activities during decomposition. The initial bacterial and fungal community diversity was studied via high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes. The results showed that the MBC in the RT soil was initially 1.5-fold greater than that in the CONV soil; contrasting taxonomic compositions were also recorded. The soil biotic legacy impacted the degradation functions when the soils were amended with wheat litter. Compared with that in the CONV soil, the enzymatic efficiency of microorganisms in the RT soil increased by 49% and 61% in the presence of mature and flowering wheat litter, respectively. Enzyme efficiency was positively correlated with microbial litter C use efficiency (CUE) (r = 0.92, P-Value < 0.001) but negatively associated with the priming effect (PE) (r = -0.85, P value < 0.001) across all soils and litter treatments. These findings demonstrated that the RT soil benefited both from an increase in litter C incorporated in the microbial biomass and from a reduction in soil C loss due to the PE, regardless of the quality of the decomposed litter. Our study indicated that agricultural practices such as RT, which enriches the amount of soil organic C (SOC) in the topsoil layer, can lead to positive feedback against C stabilization functions.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. C-N-P Decoupling Processes Linked to Arable Cropping Management Systems in Relation With Intensification of Production

Author: Isabelle Bertrand, Sylvain Pellerin, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Sylvie Recous, Michel Duru, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Nutrient cycle, decoupling of agricultural support, Biodiversité et Ecologie, organic fertilization, intensification agricole, organic azide, sulphur s (symbol), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, soufre, irrigation, Biodiversity and Ecology, Soil management, Nutrient, azide, fertilisation organique, fertilisation minérale, phosphorus, 2. Zero hunger, pollution agricole, business.industry, carbon, mineral fertilization, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, biogeochemical cycle, travail du sol, Agricultural sciences, phosphore, Agronomy, decouplage, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, impact sur l'environnement, carbone, Arable land, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Sciences agricoles, cycle biogéochimique
Abstract: Biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are naturally coupled in terrestrial ecosystems by elemental stoichiometry of plant autotrophy and of soil biologic heterotrophy. The shift from natural to cropped intensive systems led to major changes in crop land use, nutrient availability, and soil management. This chapter presents the fundamental processes of C, N, and P coupling and how the intensification of agriculture has “opened” and “decoupled” the terrestrial nutrient cycles, leading to major environmental impacts, particularly with nitrogen. Intensification of agriculture has reduced the diversity of plant species and lowered organic carbon inputs to soils, increased the N saturation of agrosystems by fertilization, and to a lesser extent P, the territorial specialization of agriculture has increased nutrient fluxes and imbalances both at regional and world scales. These major changes have modified in turn the nature and amount of plant biomass recycled to soils, the diversity and activities of soil communities, and affected the balance of nutrient mineralization to immobilization by heterotrophs. Lack of synchrony between nutrients supply and plant demand, enhanced by the simplification of crop rotations, is also a major cause of decoupling between cycles. Therefore, new farming strategies should aim, at plot scale, at diversifying crops, increasing the presence of legumes in rotations, and the annual soil occupancy by crops, and at increasing, at farm and regional scales, the complexity of cropping systems (particularly by mixing arable and livestock farming) to enhance local recycling of nutrients and decrease the use of synthetic fertilizers.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Etat des lieux de l’évaluation par les pairs et outils de valorisation dans la revue Agronomy for Sustainable Development

Author: HAMELIN, Marjolaine, Le Bot, Jacques, Meynard, Jean Marc, Recous, Sylvie, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], revue scientifique, édition scientifique, évaluation par les pairs
Abstract: Etat des lieux de l’évaluation par les pairs et outils de valorisation dans la revue Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 8èmes Journées du réseau Médici
Published: 2018

30. Straw removal reduces the mulch physical barrier and ammonia volatilization after urea application in sugarcane

Author: Douglas Adams Weiler, Roberta Lago Giovelli, Guilherme Dietrich, Sandro José Giacomini, Ana Paula Mezzalira, Patrick Leal Pinheiro, Sylvie Recous, Departement des sols, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Soils, Brazilian government through the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) 208415/2017-3, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Environment & Agronomy Division during Pinheiro's leave at UMR FARE in Reims, France, Program CNPq-Ciencia sem Fronteiras 208415/2017-3, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Atmospheric Science, Crop residue, animal structures, Mulch, Field experiment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Straw removal, urea, urée, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, environmental impact, chemistry.chemical_compound, sugarcane, parasitic diseases, Dry matter, N losses, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, paillis de résidus, Volatilisation, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, nitrogen fertilization, Ammonia volatilization from urea, Straw, fertilisation azotée, chemistry, Agronomy, volatilisation ammoniacale, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Urea, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, impact environnemental, NH3 volatilization, canne à sucre
Abstract: Crop residues left as mulch on the soil surface generally increase the risk of ammonia (NH3) volatilization from fertilizer-N, but the roles of mulch as a physical barrier and as a biological support of N transformation are not well known, particularly in response to straw removal. Thus, our goal was to assess how NH3 volatilization from urea-N was affected by different amounts of residues left on the soil surface after harvest in the sugarcane crop by mimicking different rates of straw removal. We ran a replicated field experiment during two consecutive years in the first ratoon sugarcane with 4 amounts of straw (0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg dry matter ha−1) and with 0 or 100 kg urea-N ha−1. Over approximately 2 weeks, we measured the NH3 emissions, levels of inorganic N in soil and water-soluble total N and NH4+ of straw. The dynamics of N in the soil and in straw supported the hypothesis that mulch acts as a physical barrier to the incorporation of urea in soil but also that NH3 emissions occurred directly from the mulch. The NH3 losses were different according to rain pattern of each year, but we showed that the emissions of NH3 were higher with higher amounts of straw (12 > 8 > 4 > 0) for both years (9.2–27.6% in 2016 and 30.7–60.8% in 2017). These results suggest that straw removal contributes to a reduction in NH3-N losses, but since total straw removal is not a recommended practice, N fertilization strategies should be implemented in systems with residue mulches on the soil surface to prevent N loss and to improve the environmental footprint of these cropping systems.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Distribution of Lignin, Hemicellulose, and Arabinogalactan Protein in Hemp Phloem Fibers

Author: Eva Fernandez-Tendero, Shingo Kiyoto, Brigitte Chabbert, Arata Yoshinaga, Arnaud Day, Keiji Takabe, Kyoto University, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technopôle de l’Aube en Champagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University Foundation, French Association for Research and Technology - Champagne-Ardenne Region and French Government, European Union, Troyes Champagne Metropole, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], hémicellulose, Glucomannan, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, lignin, 01 natural sciences, Galactans, phloem, Mannans, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, RETTED HEMP, Cell Wall, Polysaccharides, CELL-WALL, phloème, Lignin, Hemicellulose, Fiber, Instrumentation, PLANT-DENSITY, BAST FIBERS, Arabinogalactan protein, Cannabis, CANNABIS-SATIVA L, Staining and Labeling, TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, Chemistry, IN-SITU, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Immunogold labelling, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, lignine, Xylan, arabinogalactane, arabinogalactan, 030104 developmental biology, chanvre, Biophysics, Xylans, Phloem, FLAX FIBER, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The distribution of lignin, 8-5′ and 8-8′ linked lignin substructure, and noncellulosic polysaccharides in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) phloem fibers were explored based on histochemical and immunological methods. Ultraviolet absorption and potassium permanganate staining were observed mainly in the compound middle lamella (CML) and S1 layers, and rarely in the G-layer of phloem fibers, suggesting that lignin concentration is high at the CML and S1 layers, and very low at the G-layer of hemp fibers. Acriflavine staining, uniform KM1 labeling (8-5′ linked lignin substructure), and no KM2 labeling (8-8′ linked structure) were observed in the G-layer, suggesting that there is a small amount of lignin-like compound with 8-5′ linked structure in the G-layer. In addition, some fiber cells showed a multilayered structure. Uniform arabinogalactan protein (AGP) labeling was observed on the S1 layers and G-layers using JIM14, but little appeared in the CML of hemp fibers, indicating that these layers of the phloem fibers contain AGP. Immunogold labeling of xylan (LM11) and glucomannan (LM21) showed that xylan and glucomannan were mainly present in the S1 layers and the G-layers, respectively. In some phloem fibers, LM21 immunofluorescence labeling showed multilayered structure, suggesting the heterogeneous distribution of glucomannan.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Mulch of plant residues at the soil surface impact the leaching and persistence of pesticides: A modelling study from soil columns

Author: Pierre Benoit, Patricia Garnier, Akhtar Iqbal, Sohaib Aslam, Sylvie Recous, François Lafolie, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Forman Christian Coll Univ, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PEPITES project, ANR Systerra, ANR-08-STRA-10, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Crop residue, Rain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, maize, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Acetamides, Soil Pollutants, Leaching (agriculture), Water Science and Technology, 2. Zero hunger, désorption, dolichos biflorus, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, résidu végétal, 6. Clean water, Glyphosate, qualité des eaux souterraines, persistance des pesticides, Maize, Dolichos, S-metolachlor, Transport, Dissipation, pesticide persistence, modélisation des sols, maïs, Conservation agriculture, Glycine, glyphosate, metolachlore, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, colonne de sol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, indice de lixiviation, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, Models, Theoretical, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Pesticide degradation, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, taux de dissipation, Mulch, Groundwater
Abstract: Crop residues left on the soil surface as mulch greatly influence the fate of pesticides in conservation agricultural practices because most of the applied pesticide is intercepted by mulch before passing to the soil. Modelling of pesticide losses from wash-off and leaching will greatly improve our understanding of the environmental consequences of pesticides in these systems. The PASTIS model, which simulates water transfer, mulch decomposition, and pesticide dynamics, was adapted in this new version to model the interactions between pesticides and mulch in order to simulate the impact of mulch on pesticide dynamic. Parameters of mulch dynamics and pesticide degradation and retention processes were estimated using independent incubation experiments. The PASTIS model was tested with experimental laboratory data that were obtained from two pesticides (Glyphosate and s-metolachlor) applied to soil columns where mulch composed of maize and dolichos was placed at the soil surface impacted by two rain intensities (a high and infrequent intensity and a light and frequent intensity). Simulations indicated good agreement between simulated and experimental values. After 1 day, 45–46% of the pesticides leached from the mulch and 54–55% remained in the mulch for both pesticides and both rain intensities. During the experiment, pesticide wash-off was greater for the high and infrequent rain (56–57%) compare to light and frequent rain (39–45%) for both pesticides. A smaller amount of S-metolachlor washed off with the light and frequent rain intensity (39%) than glyphosate (45%) because of its lower desorption rate from mulch residues. Glyphosate was more degraded (37–45%) than s-metolachlor (17–37%), which agrees with preliminary incubation experiments that were used for parameter estimation. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the saturation index of mulch at which pesticides started their diffusion in the rainwater and the time of the first rainfall were the two parameters that influenced the most output variables of our model. This study suggests that the PASTIS model developed for pesticide dissipation in mulch is a useful tool to evaluate the potential risk of pesticide leaching to the groundwater in conservation agriculture systems.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Action of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase on plant tissue is governed by cellular type

Author: Matthieu Réfrégiers, Sacha Grisel, Chloé Bennati-Granier, Laurence Foulon, Mickaël Herbaut, Jean-Guy Berrin, Isabelle Gimbert-Herpoël, Brigitte Chabbert, Gabriel Paës, Frédéric Jamme, Anouck Habrant, Sona Garajova, Véronique Aguié-Béghin, Christophe Sandt, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, bioconversion, biomasse lignocellulosique, Lignin, 01 natural sciences, Podospora anserina, Mixed Function Oxygenases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, Cellulases, Biomass, activation enzymatique, activité lytique, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, Hydrolysis, monooxygénase, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Biochemistry, miscanthus, Medicine, rayonnement synchrotron, Oxidation-Reduction, paroi cellulaire végétale, Science, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Cellulase, Polysaccharide, Article, Cell wall, bioraffinerie, 03 medical and health sciences, Podospora, Polysaccharides, 010608 biotechnology, Enzymatic hydrolysis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Hemicellulose, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cellulose, biology.organism_classification, burst oxydatif, 030104 developmental biology, comparaison structurelle, 13. Climate action, polysaccharide, biology.protein, Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion is hampered by the structural and chemical complexity of the network created by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Biological conversion of lignocellulose involves synergistic action of a large array of enzymes including the recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) that perform oxidative cleavage of cellulose. Using in situ imaging by synchrotron UV fluorescence, we have shown that the addition of AA9 LPMO (from Podospora anserina) to cellulases cocktail improves the progression of enzymes in delignified Miscanthus x giganteus as observed at tissular levels. In situ chemical monitoring of cell wall modifications performed by synchrotron infrared spectroscopy during enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated that the boosting effect of the AA9 LPMO was dependent on the cellular type indicating contrasted recalcitrance levels in plant tissues. Our study provides a useful strategy for investigating enzyme dynamics and activity in plant cell wall to improve enzymatic cocktails aimed at expanding lignocelluloses biorefinery. Plant cell walls constitute the largest renewable source of biomass on Earth that can supply environmental benefits for the production of fuel, chemicals and materials. They are composed by lignocellulose made from three main polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin) assembling as a network whose structural and chemical complexity hampers hydrolysis of cellulose by enzymes and microorganisms 1. In addition, cell walls display high variability depending on genetic and environmental factors, as well as plant tissue and cell types 2–4. Understanding plant cell wall complexity during lignocellulosic bioconversion is therefore important to identify critical features impacting hydrolysis, for optimising pretreatments of biomass 5 and enzyme cocktails 6. Investigation of the dynamics of lignocellulose hydrolysis requires physicochemical characterization and mul-tiscale visualization 7,8. Combined approach using multiple microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, light microscopy, immunocytochemistry and microspectrometry can be used to monitor microstructural and topochemical heterogeneity of plant cell walls and their recalcitrance at tissue, cell and subcellular levels 9–15. In addition, spatial and temporal imaging of enzymes distribution within lignocellulose substrates can be carried out by means of immunoprobe or fluorescent labelled protein 16–18 to study accessibility at the molecular scale 19,20. However real time imaging of cell wall microstructure and enzyme distribution during bioconversion still remains challenging. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses involves several types of enzymes, namely glycoside hydrolases that work synergistically 21,22. To overcome the recalcitrance of plant polysaccharides, filamentous fungi and bacteria secrete lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) that perform oxidative cleavage of gly-coside bonds 23–25. In industrial processes, addition of LPMOs to cellulolytic cocktails leads to the reduction of the enzyme loading required for efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass 26. These powerful enzymes are copper-containing enzymes classified within the auxiliary activity (AA) class of the CAZy database (www.cazy. org 27) in AA9-AA11 and AA13 families. AA9 LPMOs are mostly active on cellulose but some have been shown to act on xyloglucan and glucomannan 25,28. Despite their recognized boosting effect on biomass hydrolysis, AA9 LPMOs activity has been essentially investigated on model substrates with only sparse studies focusing on the insoluble fraction of the substrate that show their disruptive action at the surface of cellulosic fibers 29–31. To our
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Stoichiometric plasticity of microbial communities is similar between litter and soil in a tropical rainforest

Author: Sandra Barantal, Nathalie Fromin, Nicolas Fanin, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rainforest, forêt tropicale humide, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Microbial Consortia, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, Article, microorganisme hétérotrophe, Soil, Nutrient, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Fertilizers, Soil Microbiology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, écosystème terrestre, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Ecology, plasticité, lcsh:R, contrainte stœchiométrique, Soil chemistry, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Carbon, French Guiana, Plant Leaves, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Soil microbiology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Heterotrophic microorganisms are commonly thought to be stoichiometrically homeostatic but their stoichiometric plasticity has rarely been examined, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems. Using a fertilization experiment in a tropical rainforest, we evaluated how variable substrate stoichiometry may influence the stoichiometry of microbial communities in the leaf litter layer and in the underlying soil. C:N:P ratios of the microbial biomass were higher in the organic litter layer than in the underlying mineral soil. Regardless of higher ratios for litter microbial communities, C, N, and P fertilization effects on microbial stoichiometry were strong in both litter and soil, without any fundamental difference in plasticity between these two communities. Overall, N:P ratios were more constrained than C:nutrient ratios for both litter and soil microbial communities, suggesting that stoichiometric plasticity arises because of a decoupling between C and nutrients. Contrary to the simplifying premise of strict homeostasis in microbial decomposers, we conclude that both litter and soil communities can adapt their C:N:P stoichiometry in response to the stoichiometric imbalance of available resources.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Lignocellulosic fiber breakage in a molten polymer. Part 3. Modeling of the dimensional change of the fibers during compounding by twin screw extrusion

Author: Françoise Berzin, Simon Dobosz, Tatiana Budtova, Johnny Beaugrand, Bruno Vergnes, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency [ANR-12-RMNP-004], and Competitiveness Cluster Industries & Agro-Resources (IAR)
Subjects: Materials science, Process modeling, Plastics extrusion, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fiber, Composite material, SISAL, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, computer.programming_language, chemistry.chemical_classification, Extrusion, Polymer-matrix composites, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Aspect ratio (image), 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Compounding, Ceramics and Composites, Natural fibers, 0210 nano-technology, computer
Abstract: International audience; In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series, models describing lignocellulose fiber breakage during melt mixing process have been established. In Part 3, these models are applied to predict fiber size when compounding composites in a twin-screw extruder. A comparison with the experimental values of fiber dimensions in composites made under different processing conditions is performed. Various types of fibers (flax, hemp and sisal) with different initial morphologies and sizes were considered in order to show the generality of the approach. First, experimental results, highlighting the main impact of processing parameters on the fiber dimensions, are presented. A particular interest was paid on the change of fiber length, diameter and aspect ratio (length/diameter) all along the screws. Then, it is shown how flow modeling can help to better interpret these results and lead to a predictive approach of fiber breakage during twin-screw extrusion, in order to optimize the compounding process.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Mise au point et validation d'un procédé miniaturisé pour le criblage à haut débit du potentiel de saccharification de biomasses lignocellulosiques : Application sur des clones de peupliers

Author: Belmokhtar, Nassim, Segura, Vincent, Chabbert, Brigitte, Boizot, Nathalie, Ader, Kévin, Bastien, Jean-Charles, Bastien, Catherine, Charpentier, Jean-Paul, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: TTCR, cellulase, parois, criblage à haut debit, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], test saccharification haut débit, valorisation biomasses, biofuel, saccharification, prétraitement, criblage haut-débit, cellulose, cellulases, biomasse lignocellulosique, peuplier, TCR, populus, pretreatment, taillis à courte rotation, cellulysin, taillis à tres courte rotation
Abstract: Mise au point et validation d'un procédé miniaturisé pour le criblage à haut débit du potentiel de saccharification de biomasses lignocellulosiques : Application sur des clones de peupliers.. 11es Journées du Réseau Français des Parois
Published: 2017

37. Saccharification Performances of Miscanthus at the Pilot and Miniaturized Assay Scales: Genotype and Year Variabilities According to the Biomass Composition

Author: Brigitte Chabbert, Stéphanie Arnoult, Jean-Paul Charpentier, Nassim Belmokhtar, Maryse Brancourt-Hulmel, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine expérimental de Brunehaut (LILL MONS UE), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Futurol (BPI France) 2010-2016, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Miscanthus sinensis, 02 engineering and technology, Plant Science, biomasse lignocellulosique, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, date de récolte, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Lignin, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, biology, criblage à haut debit, genotypic diversity, Miscanthus, pretreatment, Pulp and paper industry, lignine, cellulose, production de biomasse, genêtic variation, variation genotypique, Cellulosic ethanol, diversité génétique, prétraitement, génotype, paroi cellulaire, 020209 energy, hémicellulose, lignin, lcsh:Plant culture, hemicelluloses, Hydrolysis, pilot-scale pretreatment and saccharification, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Botany, pilot-scale pretreatment ansd saccharification, lcsh:SB1-1110, Cellulose, harvesting year, high-throughput pretreatment and saccharification, biology.organism_classification, miscanthus, hemicellulose, saccharification, chemistry, cell wall, variabilité temporelle, harvesting date, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: HIGHLIGHTS Biomass production and cell wall composition are differentially impacted by harvesting year and genotypes, influencing then cellulose conversion in miniaturized assay. Using a high-throughput miniaturized and semi-automated method for performing the pretreatment and saccharification steps at laboratory scale allows for the assessment of these factors on the biomass potential for producing bioethanol before moving to the industrial scale. The large genetic diversity of the perennial grass miscanthus makes it suitable for producing cellulosic ethanol in biorefineries. The saccharification potential and year variability of five genotypes belonging to Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis were explored using a miniaturized and semi-automated method, allowing the application of a hot water treatment followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis. The studied genotypes highlighted distinct cellulose conversion yields due to their distinct cell wall compositions. An inter-year comparison revealed significant variations in the biomass productivity and cell wall compositions. Compared to the recalcitrant genotypes, more digestible genotypes contained higher amounts of hemicellulosic carbohydrates and lower amounts of cellulose and lignin. In contrast to hemicellulosic carbohydrates, the relationships analysis between the biomass traits and cellulose conversion clearly showed the same negative effect of cellulose and lignin on cellulose digestion. The miniaturized and semi-automated method we developed was usable at the laboratory scale and was reliable for mimicking the saccharification at the pilot scale using a steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, this miniaturized method will allow the reliable screening of many genotypes for saccharification potential. These findings provide valuable information and tools for breeders to create genotypes combining high yield, suitable biomass composition, and high saccharification yields.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. In situ modeling of PAH dynamics in agricultural soils amended with composts using the 'VSOIL' platform

Author: Brimo, Khaled, Ouvrard, Stéphanie, Houot, Sabine, Lafolie, Francois, Deschamps, Marjolaine, Benoit, Pierre, Garnier, Patricia, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: In situ modeling of PAH dynamics in agricultural soils amended with composts using the “VSOIL” platform. EGU 2017, European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2017
Published: 2017

39. Increasing soil carbon storage: mechanisms, effects of agricultural practices and proxies. A review

Author: Pierre Barré, Lauric Cécillon, Catherine Roumet, Sébastien Barot, Delphine Derrien, Claire Chenu, Marie-France Dignac, Mickaël Hedde, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Naoise Nunan, Tiphaine Chevallier, Bertrand Guenet, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Grégoire T. Freschet, Pierre-Alain Maron, Katja Klumpp, Patricia Garnier, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes montagnards ( UR EMGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés ( PESSAC ), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dignac, Marie-France, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS ( LGE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, CEREGE, Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Poitiers ( IAE Poitiers ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] )
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microorganisms, Organomineral associations, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, C dynamics, Environmental protection, Models, Litter, Stabilisation mechanisms, Indicators, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Abiotic component, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Land use, business.industry, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Mineralisation, Root inputs, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Soil organic C, Stabilisation mechanisms Mineralisation, Agricultural practices, Macrofauna, Porosity, Tillage, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; The international 4 per 1000 initiative aims at supporting states and non-governmental stakeholders in their efforts towards a better management of soil carbon (C) stocks. These stocks depend on soil C inputs and outputs. They are the result of fine spatial scale interconnected mechanisms, which stabilise/destabilise organic matter-borne C. Since 2016, the CarboSMS consortium federates French researchers working on these mechanisms and their effects on C stocks in a local and global change setting (land use, agricultural practices, climatic and soil conditions, etc.). This article is a synthesis of this consortium’s first seminar. In the first part, we present recent advances in the understanding of soil C stabilisation mechanisms comprising biotic and abiotic processes, which occur concomitantly and interact. Soil organic C stocks are altered by biotic activities of plants (the main source of C through litter and root systems), microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and ‘ecosystem engineers’ (earthworms, termites, ants). In the meantime, abiotic processes related to the soil-physical structure, porosity and mineral fraction also modify these stocks. In the second part, we show how agricultural practices affect soil C stocks. By acting on both biotic and abiotic mechanisms, land use and management practices (choice of plant species and density, plant residue exports, amendments, fertilisation, tillage, etc.) drive soil spatiotemporal organic inputs and organic matter sensitivity to mineralisation. Interaction between the different mechanisms and their effects on C stocks are revealed by meta-analyses and long-term field studies. The third part addresses upscaling issues. This is a cause for major concern since soil organic C stabilisation mechanisms are most often studied at fine spatial scales (mm–μm) under controlled conditions, while agricultural practices are implemented at the plot scale. We discuss some proxies and models describing specific mechanisms and their action in different soil and climatic contexts and show how they should be taken into account in large scale models, to improve change predictions in soil C stocks. Finally, this literature review highlights some future research prospects geared towards preserving or even increasing C stocks, our focus being put on the mechanisms, the effects of agricultural practices on them and C stock prediction models.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Understanding the structural and chemical changes of plant biomass following steam explosion pretreatment

Author: Gabriel Paës, Brigitte Chabbert, David Crônier, Thomas Auxenfans, Paës, Gabriel, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BPI France, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 020209 energy, Lignocellulosic biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Cellulase, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, complex mixtures, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010608 biotechnology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Lignin, Hemicellulose, Biomass, Biorefining, Cellulose, Steam explosion, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Research, Pilot scale, food and beverages, Enzymatic saccharification, 15. Life on land, Pulp and paper industry, Biotechnology, General Energy, chemistry, Cellulosic ethanol, Biofuels, biology.protein, business, Lignocellulose
Abstract: Background: Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass has become one of the most valuable alternatives for the production of multi-products such as biofuels. Pretreatment is a prerequisite to increase the enzymatic conversion of the recalcitrant lignocellulose. However, there is still considerable debate regarding the key features of biomass impacting the cellulase accessibility. In this study, we evaluate the structural and chemical features of three different representative biomasses (Miscanthus x giganteus, poplar and wheat straw), before and after steam explosion pretreatment at increasing severities, by monitoring chemical analysis, SEM, FTIR and 2D NMR. Results: Regardless the biomass type, combined steam explosion pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid impregnation resulted in significant improvement of the cellulose conversion. Chemical analyses revealed that the pretreatment selectively degraded the hemicellulosic fraction and associated cross-linking ferulic acids. As a result, the pretreated residues contained mostly cellulosic glucose and lignin. In addition, the pretreatment directly affected the cellulose crystallinity but these variations were dependent upon the biomass type. Important chemical modifications also occurred in lignin since the beta-O-4' aryl-ether linkages were found to be homolytically cleaved, followed by some recoupling/recondensation to beta-beta' and beta-5' linkages, regardless the biomass type. Finally, 2D NMR analysis of the whole biomass showed that the pretreatment preferentially degraded the syringyl-type lignin fractions in miscanthus and wheat straw while it was not affected in the pretreated poplar samples. Conclusions: Our findings provide an enhanced understanding of parameters impacting biomass recalcitrance, which can be easily generalized to both woody and non-woody biomass species. Results indeed suggest that the hemicellulose removal accompanied by the significant reduction in the cross-linking phenolic acids and the redistribution of lignin are strongly correlated with the enzymatic saccharification, by loosening the cell wall structure thus allowing easier cellulase accessibility. By contrast, we have shown that the changes in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio and the cellulose crystallinity do not seem to be relevant factors in assessing the enzymatic digestibility. Some biomass type-dependent and easily measurable FTIR factors are highly correlated to saccharification.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. About the frontier between filling and reinforcement by fine flax particles in plant fibre composites

Author: Alain Bourmaud, Claire Mayer-Laigle, Christophe Baley, Johnny Beaugrand, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy Management Agency (ADEME), he French research cluster CNRS-INRA ’ Symbiose’ SYnthon et Matériaux BIOSourcés, collaborative project RECYTAL, French Research Ministry., Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Materials science, Thermoplastic, Composite number, Population, Modulus, Mechanical properties, thermoplastique, Fibre length, engineering.material, rheological behaviour, lin, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, propriété mécanique, Composite material, education, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, Extrusion, mechanical characteristic, 010405 organic chemistry, Pulp (paper), linum usitatissimum, Thermoplastic polymer, Polymer, Flax fibre, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, biomatériau, Fines elements, engineering, comportement rhéologique, Biocomposite, Rheology, Agronomy and Crop Science, thermoplastics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Whatever in pulp or biocomposite sectors, the elements called fines coming from plant fibres have generally a length lesser than 200 μm. Their mechanical impact has long been debated in short plant fibre thermoplastic composites. Are they solely a filling agent or on the contrary, have they a potential of reinforcement in such composites depending on their numbers, their length and aspect ratio? This work proposes an original experimental approach to explore the mechanical role of fine flax particles. Based on controlled milling of an initially homogeneous flax fibre batch that provides a population of fines (99% under 200 μm, average Lw of 147 μm), we devised a set of composites made of an increasing content of flax fines (0, 3.1, 5.6, 12.3, 20.4, 34.6 and 40.2%-vol) mixed with poly(propylene) (PP) and maleic anhydrid grafted PP (PP-PPgMA). Reference composites reinforced with chalk and also with cut flax fibre (Lw of 2000 μm) were also manufactured and studied. Results demonstrate that, despite a low aspect ratio (5 ± 0.2 for 20.4%-vol), fines can act more than as just a simple filler, a slight modulus reinforcement is depicted but only beyond a high threshold of about 20%-vol (+29% compared to raw PP for 20.4%-vol). In addition to PP, we then investigated the mechanical influence of the flax fines in two representative matrix thermoplastic families Poly(amide)-11 (PA11) and poly(butylene-succinate) (PBS). We highlighted an increase of the Young’s modulus of PA11 and PBS fines composites (+41% and +115, respectively for 20.4%-vol), whereas strengths were lower compared to the respective neat polymers, exhibiting the possible negative role of fines on composite mechanical properties.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. C and N models Intercomparison – benchmark and ensemble model estimates for grassland production

Author: Pete Smith, Sandro José Giacomini, Gianni Bellocchi, Joël Léonard, M. de Antoni Migliorati, Renata Sándor, Chris Dorich, Arti Bhatia, Ward Smith, Paul C. D. Newton, Jordi Doltra, Raia Silvia Massad, Fiona Ehrhardt, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Elizabeth Pattey, Matthew T. Harrison, Qing Zhang, Andrew D. Moore, Russell McAuliffe, Mark A. Liebig, Susanne Rolinski, Raphaël Martin, Brian Grant, Vasileios Myrgiotis, Mark Lieffering, Lorenzo Brilli, Jean-François Soussana, Luca Doro, Katja Klumpp, Bruno Basso, Elizabeth A. Meier, Patricia Laville, Sylvie Recous, Val Snow, Peter Grace, Lutz Merbold, Joanna Sharp, Nuala Fitton, Stephanie K. Jones, Lianhai Wu, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry (ATK TAKI), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), DISPAA, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Queensland University of Technology, Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Desertification Research Group, University of Sassari, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Soil Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute, Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Plant & Food Research, Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), ANR, European Project: 277610, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Collège de Direction, University of Florence (UNIFI), Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Landcare Research, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ANPP, Context (language use), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Physics::Geophysics, Benchmark (surveying), C-N MIP, Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution, model intercomparaison, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ensemble forecasting, Ecology, Simulation modeling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, grassland production, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Arable land
Abstract: Much of the uncertainty in crop and grassland model predictions of how arable and grassland systems respond to changes in management and environmental drivers can be attributed to differences in the structure of these models. This has created an urgent need for international bench- marking of models, in which uncertainties are estimated by running several models that simulate the same physical and management conditions (ensemble modelling) to generate expanded envelopes of uncertainty in model predictions (Asseng et al. , 2013). Simulations of C and N fluxes, in particular, are inherently uncertain because they are driven by complex interactions (Sandor et al. , 2016) and complicated by considerable spatial and temporal variability in the measurements. In this context, the Integrative Research Group of the Global Research Alliance (GRA) on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases promotes a coordinated activity across multiple international projects (e.g. C and N Models Inter-comparison and Improvement to assess management options for GHG mitigation in agrosystems worldwide (C-N MIP) and Models4Pastures of the FACCE-JPI, https://www.faccejpi.com) to benchmark and compare simulation models that estimate C – N related outputs (including greenhouse gas emissions) from arable crop and grassland systems (http://globalresearchalliance.org/e/model- intercomparison-on-agricultural-ghg-emissions). This study presents some preliminary results on the uncertainty of outputs from 12 grassland models, whereas exploring differences in model response when increasing data resources are used for model calibration.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Impact of fine litter chemistry on lignocellulolytic enzyme efficiency during decomposition of maize leaf and root in soil

Author: Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin, Brigitte Chabbert, Daryl L. Moorhead, Isabelle Bertrand, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Environmental Sciences [Toledo USA], University of Toledo, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) Reims, France, Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan, NSF Ecosystem Sciences program (DEB-0918718 ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Decomposition, Soil organic matter, Litter quality, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mineralization (soil science), Cellulase, 15. Life on land, Polysaccharide, Enzyme assay, Enzymes, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Botany, Oxidative enzyme, biology.protein, Xylanase, Environmental Chemistry, Lignin, C cycle, Secondary cell wall, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Residue recalcitrance controls decomposition and soil organic matter turnover. We hypothesized that the complexity of the cell wall network regulates enzyme production, activity and access to polysaccharides. Enzyme efficiency, defined as the relationship between cumulative litter decomposition and enzyme activities over time, was used to relate these concepts. The impact of two contrasting types of cell walls on xylanase, cellulase and laccase efficiencies was assessed in relation to the corresponding changes in residue chemical composition (xylan, glucan, lignin) during a 43-day incubation period. The selected residues were maize roots, which are rich in secondary cell walls that contain lignin and covalent bridges between heteroxylans and lignin, and maize leaves having mostly non-lignified primary cell walls thus making the cellulose and hemicelluloses less resistant to enzymes. Relationships between C mineralization and change in residue quality through decomposition indicated that the level of substitution of arabinoxylans (arabinan to xylan ratio) provides a good explanation of the decomposition process. In leaves enriched in primary cell walls, arabinose substitution of xylan controlled C mineralization rate but hampered polysaccharide decomposition, but to a lesser extent than in roots in which arabinoxylans were mostly cross-linked with lignin. Enzyme activity was higher in leaf than root amended soils while enzyme efficiency was systematically higher in the presence of roots. This apparent paradox suggests that residue quality could preselect the microbial community. Indeed, we found that microorganisms exhibited an initial rapid growth in the presence of a high quality litter and produced enzymes that are not efficient in degrading recalcitrant cell walls while, in the presence of the more recalcitrant maize roots, microbial biomass grew more slowly but produced enzymes of higher efficiency. This high enzyme efficiency could be explained by the synergistic action of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes even in the early stage of decomposition.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Sugarcane mulch C and N dynamics during decomposition under different rates of trash removal

Author: Guilherme Dietrich, Sylvie Recous, Ismael Cristiano Pfeifer, C.M. Garlet, Marciel Redin, Sandro José Giacomini, H. Bazzo, Marie Sauvadet, Federal University of Santa Maria, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio do solos, Sciences sans Frontières (Brésil), Brazilian government through the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Program CNPq-Ciencias sem Fronteiras, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Crop residue, soil-residue contact, Nitrogen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Humid subtropical climate, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Degradation, Dry matter, sub-tropical conditions, Cane, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Soil-residue contact, Carbon, Subtropical climate, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Soil fertility, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mulch, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Sugarcane is a worldwide crop that leaves a considerable amount of crop residues (called trash) on the soil surface each year after green cane harvesting. However, the recent industrial valorization of these residues raises the question of how much trash to leave as mulch after harvest. Here, we studied the decomposition of three different trash quantities (4, 8 and 12 Mg ha −1 ) across five experimental sites from a subtropical climate over one year. We quantified the dry matter (DM), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the remaining mulch at one-month intervals for one year after trash addition at all sites. The chemical composition of the trash was characterized by proximate analysis at one site. Our results showed that mulch degradation was proportional to the initial amount of trash left on the soil surface, i.e., the degradation rates were similar for the three trash treatments at each site, suggesting no limiting factor to decomposition associated with trash quantity and its contact with the soil. On average, 64% of the trash was degraded after 12 months in all treatments, leading to considerable differences in the mass of C degraded after one year (1.2 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.3 Mg ha −1 for the 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha −1 treatments, respectively). An interaction between trash quantity and site was observed, which translated into more differences in the C degradation rates between sites for the 4 Mg ha −1 trash treatment. The N content of the remaining mulch was rather stable throughout the year, which indicated the efficient use and recycling of N by the decomposing microflora during trash decomposition. These results will help determine the amount of sugarcane trash that should be left on fields to preserve soil C and soil fertility.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Exploring accessibility of pretreated poplar cell walls by measuring dynamics of fluorescent probes

Author: Jordane Ossemond, Gabriel Paës, Brigitte Chabbert, Anouck Habrant, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BPI France, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paës, Gabriel, and Chabbert, Brigitte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Confocal fluorescence microscopy, Pretreatment, Poplar, Accessibility, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Cell wall, Rhodamine, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010608 biotechnology, Botany, Lignin, Hemicellulose, Middle lamella, Aqueous solution, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Research, Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, 030104 developmental biology, General Energy, chemistry, Biophysics, FRAP, Secondary cell wall, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background: The lignocellulosic cell wall network is resistant to enzymatic degradation due to the complex chemical and structural features. Pretreatments are thus commonly used to overcome natural recalcitrance of lignocellulose. Characterization of their impact on architecture requires combinatory approaches. However, the accessibility of the lignocellulosic cell walls still needs further insights to provide relevant information. Results: Poplar specimens were pretreated using different conditions. Chemical, spectral, microscopic and immunolabeling analysis revealed that poplar cell walls were more altered by sodium chlorite-acetic acid and hydrothermal pretreatments but weakly modified by soaking in aqueous ammonium. In order to evaluate the accessibility of the pretreated poplar samples, two fluorescent probes (rhodamine B-isothiocyanate-dextrans of 20 and 70 kDa) were selected, and their mobility was measured by using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique in a full factorial experiment. The mobility of the probes was dependent on the pretreatment type, the cell wall localization (secondary cell wall and cell corner middle lamella) and the probe size. Overall, combinatory analysis of pretreated poplar samples showed that even the partial removal of hemicellulose contributed to facilitate the accessibility to the fluorescent probes. On the contrary, nearly complete removal of lignin was detrimental to accessibility due to the possible cellulose-hemicellulose collapse. Conclusions: Evaluation of plant cell wall accessibility through FRAP measurement brings further insights into the impact of physicochemical pretreatments on lignocellulosic samples in combination with chemical and histochemical analysis. This technique thus represents a relevant approach to better understand the effect of pretreatments on lignocellulose architecture, while considering different limitations as non-specific interactions and enzyme efficiency.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Effect of different crop management practices on soil Collembola assemblages : a 4-year follow-up

Author: Sékou F.M. Coulibaly, Valérie Coudrain, Matthieu Chauvat, Sylvie Recous, Bruno Mary, Mickaël Hedde, Nicolas Brunet, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR, projet SOFIA, ANR-11-AGRO-0004, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), ANR-11-AGRO-0004,SOFIA,Agrosystèmes et biodiversité fonctionnelle des Sols(2011), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, functional approach, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, temporal dynamic, Cropping system, 2. Zero hunger, Conventional tillage, Ecology, Agroforestry, springtails, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Soil quality, Tillage, conservation agriculture, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, tillage, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Soil biota are a major component of agroecosystems, playing a decisive role in ecosystem services with synergistic effects on crop production. The conservation of their diversity has become a key component of a strategy towards agricultural sustainability. Over four years (2010–2014), under the “SOil Functional diversity as an Indicator of sustainable management of Agroecosystems” (SOFIA) project, we followed soil Collembola assemblages in response to the set-up of 5 cropping systems differing in crop rotations (annual or perennial), rate of N fertilization, and in tillage intensity (annual ploughing vs. shallow). Our results demonstrated that shifting from a conventional to conservation cropping system had a strong positive effect upon species richness and density of Collembola. Specifically, all treatments with a reduction in intensity of soil tillage fostered Collembola assemblages. At the end of our study, density and species richness were 3 to 4 times higher in reduced tillage (RT) than in conventional tillage (CT). Nevertheless, differentiation between the assemblages only occurred after 2 years but steadily increased until 4 years. At the last sampling date, all treatments contained significantly different Collembola assemblages (Anosim with Bray-Curtis distance). In parallel, we noticed shifts in the functional structure of the assemblages, even if globally, all life-forms were promoted under reduced tillage. However, contrary to our expectations, euedaphic Collembola were not promoted by restitution of crop residues. Our study over several years under field conditions showed that Collembola assemblages were more sensitive to tillage intensity than to either residue management or N fertilization. Clearly, conservation agriculture can foster one of the numerous services provided by the soil compartment, namely the soil biodiversity and therefore improve soil quality and health.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Seeing biomass recalcitrance through fluorescence

Author: Gabriel Paës, Thomas Auxenfans, Christine Terryn, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Article, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Botany, Lignin, biomass, fluorescence, Steam explosion, Multidisciplinary, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, Miscanthus, Straw, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, 0104 chemical sciences, Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is the only renewable carbon resource available in sufficient amount on Earth to go beyond the fossil-based carbon economy. Its transformation requires controlled breakdown of polymers into a set of molecules to make fuels, chemicals and materials. But biomass is a network of various inter-connected polymers which are very difficult to deconstruct optimally. In particular, saccharification potential of lignocellulosic biomass depends on several complex chemical and physical factors. For the first time, an easily measurable fluorescence properties of steam-exploded biomass samples from miscanthus, poplar and wheat straw was shown to be directly correlated to their saccharification potential. Fluorescence can thus be advantageously used as a predictive method of biomass saccharification. The loss in fluorescence occurring after the steam explosion pretreatment and increasing with pretreatment severity does not originate from the loss in lignin content, but rather from a decrease of the lignin β-aryl-ether linkage content. Fluorescence lifetime analysis demonstrates that monolignols making lignin become highly conjugated after steam explosion pretreatment. These results reveal that lignin chemical composition is a more important feature to consider than its content to understand and to predict biomass saccharification.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Couplages et contrôles des cycles du carbone et de l’azote par les communautés microbiennes dans les sols cultivés

Author: Sylvie Recous, Gwenaelle Lashermes, Isabelle Bertrand, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jean-François Briat, Dominique Job, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: cycle du carbone, cycle de l'azote, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], communautés microbiennes, couplage des cycles biogéochimiques
Abstract: National audience; Le couplage des cycles du carbone et de l’azote dans les sols est sous le contrôle des communautés microbiennes hétérotrophes, pour lesquelles les matières organiques entrantes (litières végétales aériennes et souterraines, effluents et produits organiques) sont les ressources trophiques. Ce chapitre aborde comment la diversité et l’activité de ces communautés, ainsi que les proportions des éléments majeurs (carbone, azote, soufre, phosphore) des matières organiques vivantes et mortes, déterminent la partition entre le carbone qui est minéralisé, assimilé par les microorganismes, stocké dans les sols, et les flux de nutriments associés. En retour, la nature des couverts végétaux des agrosystèmes, leurs mélanges éventuels, et les ressources en nutriments disponibles, notamment la richesse en azote du sol, structurent les communautés microbiennes du sol et influencent leurs activités. Sur la base de ces connaissances récentes, est illustré comment l’objectif de réduire l’utilisation des fertilisants de synthèse et de limiter les excédents d’azote minéral dans les agrosystèmes, peut être envisagé en favorisant le couplage des cycles biogéochimiques dans les sols grâce à des systèmes de culture basés sur l’utilisation d’espèces cultivées plus diversifiées.
Published: 2017

49. A multi-model assessment of C cycling and soil C sequestration in grasslands and croplands

Author: Renata Sandor, Fiona Ehrhardt, Bruno Basso, Gianni Bellocchi, Arti Bhatia, Lorenzo Brilli, Massimiliano de Antoni Migliorati, Jordi Doltra, Chris Dorich, Luca Doro, Nuala Fitton, Sandro José Giacomini, Peter Grace, Brian Grant, Harrison, Matthew T., Jones, Stephanie K., Kirschbaum, Miko U. F., Katja Klumpp, Patricia Laville, Joël Léonard, Mark Liebig, Mark Lieffering, Raphaël Martin, Russel Mcauliffe, Elizabeth Meier, Lutz Merbold, Moore, Andrew D., Vasileios Myrgiotis, Paul Newton, Elizabeth Pattey, Sylvie Recous, Susanne Rolinski, Joanna Sharp, Raia Silvia Massad, Pete Smith, Ward Smith, Val Snow, Lianhai Wu, Wen Zhang, Jean-François Soussana, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Collège de Direction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), University of Florence (UNIFI), Queensland University of Technology, Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Sassari, University of Aberdeen, Federal University of Santa Maria, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Landcare Research, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, AgResearch Ltd, CSIRO, International Livestock Research Institute, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), AgResearch Grasslands, Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Rothamsted Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CN-MIP, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Michigan State University, Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), University of Florence, Colorado State University, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada ( AAFC ), Scotland's Rural College, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons ( AGRO-LRM ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CAS ), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: modelling, field crop, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], grandes cultures et prairies, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], prairie, grande culture, carbone, grassland, modélisation
Abstract: A multi-model assessment of C cycling and soil C sequestration in grasslands and croplands. 6th International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter ; Harpenden (Royaume Uni)
Published: 2017

50. Review and analysis of strengths and weaknesses of agro-ecosystem models for simulating C and N fluxes

Author: Marco Carozzi, Raia Silvia Massad, Joanna Sharp, Fiona Ehrhardt, Katja Klumpp, Roberta Farina, Richard T. Conant, Nuala Fitton, Lorenzo Brilli, Jean-François Soussana, Sylvie Recous, Luca Bechini, Peter Grace, Giovanna Seddaiu, Ileana Iocola, Gianni Bellocchi, Pete Smith, D. Cavalli, Roberto Ferrise, Joël Léonard, Luca Doro, Marco Bindi, Rosa Francaviglia, Ward Smith, Chris Dorich, Raphaël Martin, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University degli Study di Milano, Universita degli Study di Firenze, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Desertification Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Blackland Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M University System, Collège de Direction (CODIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), University degli study di Firenze, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Queensland University of Technology, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plant & Food Research, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), European Project: 618105, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Collège de Direction, Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeochemical model, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Agricultural engineering, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, DayCent, Pedo-climate, N cycle, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Soil organic matter, Simulation modeling, Environmental engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Management, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, DSSAT, Environmental science, C cycle
Abstract: Biogeochemical simulation models are important tools for describing and quantifying the contribution of agricultural systems to C sequestration and GHG source/sink status. The abundance of simulation tools developed over recent decades, however, creates a difficulty because predictions from different models show large variability. Discrepancies between the conclusions of different modelling studies are often ascribed to differences in the physical and biogeochemical processes incorporated in equations of C and N cycles and their interactions. Here we review the literature to determine the state-of-the-art in modelling agricultural (crop and grassland) systems. In order to carry out this study, we selected the range of biogeochemical models used by the CN-MIP consortium of FACCE-JPI (http://www.faccejpi.com): APSIM, CERES-EGC, DayCent, DNDC, DSSAT, EPIC, PaSim, RothC and STICS. In our analysis, these models were assessed for the quality and comprehensiveness of underlying processes related to pedo-climatic conditions and management practices, but also with respect to time and space of application, and for their accuracy in multiple contexts. Overall, it emerged that there is a possible impact of ill-defined pedo-climatic conditions in the unsatisfactory performance of the models (46.2%), followed by limitations in the algorithms simulating the effects of management practices (33.1%). The multiplicity of scales in both time and space is a fundamental feature, which explains the remaining weaknesses (i.e. 20.7%). Innovative aspects have been identified for future development of C and N models. They include the explicit representation of soil microbial biomass to drive soil organic matter turnover, the effect of N shortage on SOM decomposition, the improvements related to the production and consumption of gases and an adequate simulations of gas transport in soil. On these bases, the assessment of trends and gaps in the modelling approaches currently employed to represent biogeochemical cycles in crop and grassland systems appears an essential step for future research.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

276 results on '"Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources