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255 results on '"University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)"'

1. Interfaces with Structure Dynamics of the Workhorses from Cells Revealed through Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry (CLMS)

Author: Robin Fahraeus, Javier A. Alfaro, Umesh Kalathiya, Etienne Coyaud, Ted R. Hupp, David R. Goodlett, Monikaben Padariya, Jakub Faktor, Medical University of Gdańsk, Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, University of Edinburgh, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), INSERM, Université de Lille, Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U1192, and University of Victoria [Canada] [UVIC]
Subjects: protein–protein, Protein Conformation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dna interaction, lcsh:QR1-502, Computational biology, Review, Mass spectrometry, Proteomics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, protein–DNA, lcsh:Microbiology, Mass Spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, proteomics, proteinprotein, protein-DNA, protein–RNA interactions, structural biology, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Topology (chemistry), 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, protein-RNA interactions, chemical cross-linkers, Biomolecule, 010401 analytical chemistry, cross-linking mass spectrometry, RNA, Proteins, CLMS, DNA, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Structural biology, Protein Binding
Abstract: International audience; The fundamentals of how protein-protein/RNA/DNA interactions influence the structures and functions of the workhorses from the cells have been well documented in the 20th century. A diverse set of methods exist to determine such interactions between different components, particularly, the mass spectrometry (MS) methods, with its advanced instrumentation, has become a significant approach to analyze a diverse range of biomolecules, as well as bring insights to their biomolecular processes. This review highlights the principal role of chemistry in MS-based structural proteomics approaches, with a particular focus on the chemical cross-linking of protein-protein/DNA/RNA complexes. In addition, we discuss different methods to prepare the cross-linked samples for MS analysis and tools to identify cross-linked peptides. Cross-linking mass spectrometry (CLMS) holds promise to identify interaction sites in larger and more complex biological systems. The typical CLMS workflow allows for the measurement of the proximity in three-dimensional space of amino acids, identifying proteins in direct contact with DNA or RNA, and it provides information on the folds of proteins as well as their topology in the complexes. Principal CLMS applications, its notable successes, as well as common pipelines that bridge proteomics, molecular biology, structural systems biology, and interactomics are outlined.
Published: 2021
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2. Microglia states and nomenclature

Author: Rosa C. Paolicelli, Amanda Sierra, Beth Stevens, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Adriano Aguzzi, Bahareh Ajami, Ido Amit, Etienne Audinat, Ingo Bechmann, Mariko Bennett, Frederick Bennett, Alain Bessis, Knut Biber, Staci Bilbo, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Erik Boddeke, Dora Brites, Bert Brône, Guy C. Brown, Oleg Butovsky, Monica J. Carson, Bernardo Castellano, Marco Colonna, Sally A. Cowley, Colm Cunningham, Dimitrios Davalos, Philip L. De Jager, Bart de Strooper, Adam Denes, Bart J.L. Eggen, Ukpong Eyo, Elena Galea, Sonia Garel, Florent Ginhoux, Christopher K. Glass, Ozgun Gokce, Diego Gomez-Nicola, Berta González, Siamon Gordon, Manuel B. Graeber, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, Pierre Gressens, Melanie Greter, David H. Gutmann, Christian Haass, Michael T. Heneka, Frank L. Heppner, Soyon Hong, David A. Hume, Steffen Jung, Helmut Kettenmann, Jonathan Kipnis, Ryuta Koyama, Greg Lemke, Marina Lynch, Ania Majewska, Marzia Malcangio, Tarja Malm, Renzo Mancuso, Takahiro Masuda, Michela Matteoli, Barry W. McColl, Veronique E. Miron, Anna Victoria Molofsky, Michelle Monje, Eva Mracsko, Agnes Nadjar, Jonas J. Neher, Urte Neniskyte, Harald Neumann, Mami Noda, Bo Peng, Francesca Peri, V. Hugh Perry, Phillip G. Popovich, Clare Pridans, Josef Priller, Marco Prinz, Davide Ragozzino, Richard M. Ransohoff, Michael W. Salter, Anne Schaefer, Dorothy P. Schafer, Michal Schwartz, Mikael Simons, Cody J. Smith, Wolfgang J. Streit, Tuan Leng Tay, Li-Huei Tsai, Alexei Verkhratsky, Rommy von Bernhardi, Hiroaki Wake, Valérie Wittamer, Susanne A. Wolf, Long-Jun Wu, Tony Wyss-Coray, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Abbott GmbH & Co KG, Duke University [Durham], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Universidade de Lisboa, This work was supported by grants from the Dementia Research Switzerland– Synapsis Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF 310030_197940), and European Research Council (ERC StGrant REMIND 804949) to R.C.P., the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Competitiveness MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER ‘‘A way to make Europe’’ (RTI2018099267-B-I00 and RYC-2013-12817), a Tatiana Foundation award (P-048FTPGB 2018), and a Basque Government Department of Education project (PIBA 2020_1_0030) to A.S., Cure Alzheimer’s Fund and Alzheimer’s Association to B.S., the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (foundation grant 341846, project grant 461831) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (discovery grant RGPIN-2014-05308) to M.E.T. M.E.T. is a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Neurobiology of Aging and Cognition. This work was also funded by DFG CRC/TRR167 ‘‘NeuroMac’’ to I.A., J.P., M.P., and S.J. and by DFG SFB 1052, Project 209933838 to I.B. Australian Research Council support for project DP150104472 to M.B.G. is gratefully acknowledged., European Project: DP150104472,ARC::Discovery Projects(2015), European Project: 7469381(1974), European Project: 7244968(1972), Brown, Guy [0000-0002-3610-1730], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Neurology & Neurosurgery, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, General Neuroscience, Neurosciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, ddc:610, Human medicine, Microglia
Abstract: International audience; Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic classification of good or bad microglia is inconsistent with the wide repertoire of microglial states and functions in development, plasticity, aging, and diseases that were elucidated in recent years. New designations continuously arising in an attempt to describe the different microglial states, notably defined using transcriptomics and proteomics, may easily lead to a misleading, although unintentional, coupling of categories and functions. To address these issues, we assembled a group of multidisciplinary experts to discuss our current understanding of microglial states as a dynamic concept and the importance of addressing microglial function. Here, we provide a conceptual framework and recommendations on the use of microglial nomenclature for researchers, reviewers, and editors, which will serve as the foundations for a future white paper.
Published: 2022
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3. Bayesian source localization with uncertain Green’s functionin an uncertain shallow water oceana

Author: Yann Le Gall, Julien Bonnel, Stan E. Dosso, Francois-Xavier Socheleau, Thales Underwater Systems (TUS), Thales Underwater Systems, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle STIC_AP, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Lab-STICC_TB_CACS_COM, Département Signal et Communications (SC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thales Underwater Systems ( TUS ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ENSTA Bretagne, University of Victoria [Canada] ( UVIC ), Département Signal et Communications ( SC ), and Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Acoustic source localization, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, Multivariate random variable, Acoustics, Bayesian probability, Monte Carlo method, Probability density function, 01 natural sciences, Green's function methods, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Probability theory, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Matched field processing, [ SPI.ACOU ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Covariance matrix, Acoustic waveguides, Marginal distribution
Abstract: International audience; Matched-field acoustic source localization is a challenging task when environmental properties of theoceanic waveguide are not precisely known. Errors in the assumed environment (mismatch) can causesevere degradations in localization performance. This paper develops a Bayesian approach to improverobustness to environmental mismatch by considering the waveguide Green’s function to be anuncertain random vector whose probability density accounts for environmental uncertainty. Theposterior probability density is integrated over the Green’s function probability density to obtain ajoint marginal probability distribution for source range and depth, accounting for environmentaluncertainty and quantifying localization uncertainty. Because brute-force integration in high dimensionscan be costly, an efficient method is developed in which the multi-dimensional Green’s functionintegration is approximated by one-dimensional integration over a suitably defined correlationmeasure. An approach to approximate the Green’s function covariance matrix, which represents theenvironmental mismatch, is developed based on modal analysis. Examples are presented to illustratethe method and Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to evaluate its performance relative to othermethods. The proposed method gives efficient, reliable source localization and uncertainties withimproved robustness toward environmental mismatch
Published: 2016
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4. Southeastern Tibetan Plateau growth revealed by inverse analysis of landscape evolution model

Author: X. P. Yuan, R. Jiao, G. Dupont‐Nivet, X. Shen, China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, 100085, China, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42073052, and European Project: 649081,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,MAGIC(2015)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Geophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
Abstract: The Cenozoic history of the Tibetan Plateau topography is critical for understanding the evolution of the Indian-Eurasian collision, climate, and biodiversity. However, the long-term growth and landscape evolution of the Tibetan Plateau remains ambiguous, it remains unclear if plateau uplift occurred soon after the India-Asia collision in the Paleogene or later in the Neogene. As the landscape evolution is controlled mainly by mountain uplift and surface processes, the present-day river profiles and the drainage basin geometries preserve important information that can be extracted to infer the long-term history of mountain uplift with numerical models. Here we focus on the southeastern (SE) Tibetan Plateau where three of the world’s largest rivers draining the Tibetan Plateau (the Yangtze, Mekong, and Salween Rivers, i.e., Three Rivers) have incised deep valleys with distinctive geomorphic signatures. We reproduce the uplift history of the SE Tibetan Plateau using a 2D landscape evolution model, which simultaneously solves fluvial erosion and sediment transport processes in the drainage basins of the Three Rivers region. Our model was optimized through a formal inverse analysis with a large number of forward simulations, which aims to reconcile the transient states of the present-day river profiles. The modeling results were ultimately compared to existing thermochronologic and paleoelevation datasets to help decipher between competing tectonic models that predict contrasting topographic evolutions. Our results suggest initially low elevations during the Paleogene, followed by a gradual southeastward propagation of topographic uplift of the plateau margin until present day. The modeling thus does not support Paleogene formation of the SE Tibetan Plateau with a major subsequent degradation via upstream fluvial erosion. The scenario with pre-existing high-elevation plateau or plateau degradation will result in much wider river channels with knickpoints that propagated upstream much further away from the plateau margin compared to observed river profiles. The quantitative constraints on landscape evolution achieved based on drainage patterns in SE Tibet indicate a powerful tool potentially applicable to other regions to infer important implications for the evolution of Indian-Eurasian collision, Asian monsoons, and biodiversity, as well as the geodynamic forces involved in collisional orogens.
Published: 2023
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5. Interacting with actuated walls: Exploring applications and input types

Author: Jiayi Hong, Xiyao Wang, Aluna Everitt, Anne Roudaut, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of Oxford, and University of Bristol [Bristol]
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, Hardware and Architecture, General Engineering, interaction design, Human Factors and Ergonomics, shape-changing interface, actuated walls, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Software, Education
Abstract: International audience; Previous literature on small-scale shape displays demonstrated the benefit of shape-changing interfaces and adaptive environments. However, research with large-scale implementations is limited to specific equipment. Thus, there is little understanding of how they can enrich user experience in a larger scope, especially from an interactive perspective. We proposed using pin-array large-scale implementations made of linear actuators matrix as vertical structures to replace static and planar walls and conducted a two-fold exploration to extend the understanding of potential applications and showcase users’ behaviors and preferences to inspire researchers. We summarized 14 potential applications for shape-changing walls, and presented users’ interaction preferences with such a wall of different sizes and interaction distances. We concluded with recommendations and guidelines for practitioners to design large-scale actuated walls.
Published: 2023
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6. Linking uplift, erosion, and sedimentation using landscape evolution models: Madagascar since the Late Cretaceous

Author: Ruohong Jiao, Jean Braun, Antoine Delaunay, Cécile Robin, François Guillocheau, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Projekt DEAL
Subjects: Landscape evolution model, Chemical weathering, Erosion, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Geography, Planning and Development, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Madagascar, Source to sink, Earth-Surface Processes, Sedimentary basin
Abstract: International audience; We present a study to estimate the large-scale landscape history of a continental margin, by establishing a source-to-sink volume balance between the eroding onshore areas and the offshore basins. Assuming erosion as the primary process for sediment production, we strive to constrain a numerical model of landscape evolution that balances the volumes of eroded materials from the continent and that deposited in the corresponding basins, with a ratio imposed for loss of erosion products. We use this approach to investigate the landscape history of Madagascar since the Late Cretaceous. The uplift history prescribed in the model is inferred from elevations of planation surfaces formed at various ages. By fitting the volumes of terrigenous sediments in the Morondava Basin along the west coast and the current elevation of the island, the landscape evolution model is optimized by constraining the erosion law parameters and ratios of sediment loss. The results include a best-fit landscape evolution model, which features two major periods of uplift and erosion during the Late Cretaceous and the middle to late Cenozoic. The model supports suggestions from previous studies that most of the high topography of the island was constructed since the middle to late Miocene, and on the central plateau the erosion has not reached an equilibrium with the high uplift rates in the late Cenozoic. Our models also indicate that over the geological time scale, a significant portion of materials eroded from Madagascar was not archived in the offshore basin, possibly consumed by chemical weathering, the intensity of which might have varied with climate.
Published: 2023
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7. Downstream propagation of fluvial erosion in Eastern Tibet

Author: X.P. Yuan, R. Jiao, J. Liu-Zeng, G. Dupont-Nivet, S.G. Wolf, X. Shen, China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Tianjin University (TJU), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), University of Bergen (UiB), National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, China, NSFC (Grant 42272261, 42073052, 42030305), and European Project: 649081,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,MAGIC(2015)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
Abstract: International audience; Fluvial erosion of small mountain belts is widely represented as a wave of upstream migration of knickpoints, starting from a stationary boundary of a high topography created by increased rock uplift rates. However, fluvial erosion remains poorly constrained when orogens expand in width with their boundaries continuously advancing towards the foreland. Here we propose a simple analytical solution for a laterally expanding orogen dominated by fluvial erosion, and apply it to the propagation of Eastern Tibet where the plateau margin is characterized by widespread low-relief surfaces incised by steep river valleys. Our analytical solution is based on the assumption that the topography of Eastern Tibet was built by high uplift rates located in a belt along the plateau margins migrating outwards during plateau growth, as well as carved by erosion of large rivers originating from the interior of the plateau. We validate our analytical solution by comparing it to numerical models and various types of data from five large rivers in Eastern Tibet (Salween, Mekong, Yangtze, Yalong, and Dadu Rivers). The results show that the models with optimized parameter values are generally consistent with the observed river-profile morphologies, exhumation magnitudes, and low-temperature thermochronometric ages. Our results show that the long-term fluvial erosion in Eastern Tibet features mainly a downstream migration of high erosion rates, which is fundamentally different from the headward erosion of most of small mountain rivers. The analytical solutions also predict a characteristic maximum plateau size set by the balance between the horizontal propagating velocity of plateau growth and the bedrock erodibility. The characteristics described by our simple analytical solution may represent a common pattern of outward growing mountains and plateaus in tectonically active regions on Earth.
Published: 2023
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8. Dynamical detection of a companion driving a spiral arm in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Xie, Chen, Ren, Bin B., Dong, Ruobing, Choquet, Élodie, Vigan, Arthur, Gonzalez, Jean-François, Wagner, Kevin, Fang, Taotao, Ubeira-Gabellini, Maria Giulia, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Xiamen University, Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), European Project: 101044152,ESCAPE, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, ANR-16-CE31-0013,PLANET-FORMING-DISKS,De meilleurs modèles pour de meilleures données(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0066,LIO,Lyon Institute of Origins(2010), European Project: 101002188,PROTOPLANETS, European Project: 757561,HiRise, and European Project
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), planet-disk interactions, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], protoplanetary disks, FOS: Physical sciences, techniques: high angular resolution, techniques: image processing, stars: individual: HD 100453, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Radio and near-infrared observations have observed dozens of protoplanetary disks that host spiral arm features. Numerical simulations have shown that companions may excite spiral density waves in protoplanetary disks via companion-disk interaction. However, the lack of direct observational evidence for spiral-driving companions poses challenges to current theories of companion-disk interaction. Here we report multi-epoch observations of the binary system HD 100453 with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) facility at the Very Large Telescope. By recovering the spiral features via robustly removing starlight contamination, we measure spiral motion across 4 yr to perform dynamical motion analyses. The spiral pattern motion is consistent with the orbital motion of the eccentric companion. With this first observational evidence of a companion driving a spiral arm among protoplanetary disks, we directly and dynamically confirm the long-standing theory on the origin of spiral features in protoplanetary disks. With the pattern motion of companion-driven spirals being independent of companion mass, here we establish a feasible way of searching for hidden spiral-arm-driving planets that are beyond the detection of existing ground-based high-contrast imagers., Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics; 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2023
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9. Scattering for the critical 2-D NLS with exponential growth

Author: Bahouri, Hajer, Ibrahim, Slim, Perelman, Galina, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LAMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), EDP, Department of Computer Science [Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)-University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bahouri, Hajer
Subjects: 35Q55, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35B33, Applied Mathematics, 35B40, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 35P25, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: In this article, we establish in the radial framework the $H^1$-scattering for the critical 2-D nonlinear Schrödinger equation with exponential growth. Our strategy relies on both the a priori estimate derived in [10, 23] and the characterization of the lack of compactness of the Sobolev embedding of $H_{rad}^1(\mathbb R^2)$ into the critical Orlicz space ${\mathcal L}(\mathbb R^2)$ settled in [4]. The radial setting, and particularly the fact that we deal with bounded functions far away from the origin, occurs in a crucial way in our approach.
Published: 2014
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10. 36Cl exposure dating of glacial features to constrain the slip rate along the Mt. Vettore Fault (Central Apennines, Italy)

Author: Pousse-Beltran, Lea, Benedetti, Lucilla, Fleury, Jules, Boncio, Paolo, Guillou, Valery, Pace, Bruno, Rizza, Magali, Puliti, Irene, Socquet, Anne, Aster, Team, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; The Central Apennines are among the most seismically active regions in Italy. This region is affected by an extension accommodated by active normal faults. Those faults with high seismogenic potential hosted Mw > 6 shallow damaging earthquakes, such as the Mw 6.5 event of Oct. 30, 2016. Although fault slip rates are crucial to seismic hazard assessments, in the Central Apennines, slip rate assessments encompassing several seismic cycles (> 10 ka) are sparse. This is particularly true for the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove Fault system that ruptured during the mainshocks of the 2016–2017 seismic sequence. In this study, we present new geochronological constraints of offset geomorphological markers along the northern portion of the fault system on the Mt. Porche Fault segment using in-situ produced 36Cl cosmogenic nuclides. Offset measurements were made using a 5-cm resolution DEM obtained through a drone survey and constrained a fault scarp height of 15.5 ± 1.4 m and a maximal cumulative offset estimated between 32 and 40.5 m. Samples were collected from the Valle Lunga terminal moraine at 1710 m asl and yielded 36Cl exposure ages of 12.7 + 2.2/−1.9 ka, while the abraded surface, located on top of the tectonic scarp yielded 36Cl exposure ages of 23.4 + 5.3/−4.3 ka. Using the fault scarp height and the exposure age of this abraded surface, we constrained a minimum vertical fault slip rate of 0.7 + 0.2/−0.1 mm/yr. Assuming the offset started to accumulate when climate conditions allowed the scarp preservation, we constrained a maximal vertical slip rate of 1.2 ± 0.2 mm/yr along the main fault of the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove Fault system. This rate is higher than those previously obtained from trenches along secondary branches of the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove Fault system. Besides, the yielded chronology for the last glacial maximum in that area at ~23 ka is in good agreement with the timing previously proposed for the LGM in the Apennines.
Published: 2022
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11. Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems: A Second Research Roadmap

Author: Gregor Engels, Kurt Geihs, Hausi A. Müller, Mauro Pezzè, Jeff Magee, Sam Malek, Ron Desmarais, Kenny Wong, Vincenzo Grassi, Bojan Cukic, Schahram Dustdar, Bradley Schmerl, Karl M. Göschka, Oscar Nierstrasz, Christian Prehofer, Dennis B. Smith, Raffaela Mirandola, Luciano Baresi, Jesper Andersson, Basil Becker, Thomas Vogel, Yuriy Brun, Richard D. Schlichting, João Pedro Sousa, Antónia Lopes, Norha M. Villegas, Marin Litoiu, Ladan Tahvildari, John Mylopoulos, Gabriel Tamura, Jeff Kramer, Gabor Karsai, Nelly Bencomo, Mary Shaw, Rogério de Lemos, Holger Giese, Alessandra Gorla, Serge Mankovskii, Jochen Wuttke, Paola Inverardi, Wilhelm Schäfer, Danny Weyns, University of Kent [Canterbury], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Department of Clinical Neurology [Oxford], University of Oxford-FMRIB Centre- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Hasso Plattner Institute for Software Systems Engineering (HPI), Hasso Plattner Institute [Potsdam, Germany], Software architectures and distributed systems (ARLES), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Washington [Seattle], West Virginia University [Morgantown], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), University of Paderborn, Universität Kassel [Kassel], Faculty of Informatics [Lugano], Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Dipartimento di Informatica [Italy] (DI), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Vanderbilt University School of Engineering [Nashville] (VUSE), Department of Computing [London], Biomedical Image Analysis Group [London] (BioMedIA), Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Department of Informatics [Lisbon], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), George Mason University [Fairfax], CA Technologies [New York], Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione (DEI), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Software Composition Group [Bern] (SCG), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), C-LAB [Paderborn], AT&T Bell Laboratories, Department of Computer Science [Fairfax] (Volgenau School of Engineering), Adaptive Distributed Applications and Middleware (ADAM), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Waterloo] (ECE), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Université Robert Schuman - Strasbourg III, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Computing Science [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Institute for Software Research (ISR), Department of Computer Science [York] (CS-YORK), University of York [York, UK], De Lemos, Rogério and Giese, Holger and Müller, Hausi and Shaw, Mary, University of Potsdam, University of Oxford [Oxford]- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital]-FMRIB Centre, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), University of Lisbon, Universität Bern [Bern], Bell Laboratories, University of Victoria [Canada] ( UVIC ), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] ( CMU ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Hasso Plattner Institute for Software Systems Engineering ( HPI ), Software architectures and distributed systems ( ARLES ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] ( TU WIEN ), Università della Svizzera italiana ( USI ), Dipartimento di Informatica [Italy] ( DI ), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] ( UNIVAQ.IT ), Vanderbilt University School of Engineering [Nashville] ( VUSE ), Biomedical Image Analysis Group [London] ( BioMedIA ), Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione ( DEI ), Università di Trento, Software Composition Group [Bern] ( SCG ), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] ( LMU ), Department of Computer Science [Fairfax] ( Volgenau School of Engineering ), Adaptive Distributed Applications and Middleware ( ADAM ), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille ( LIFL ), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Waterloo] ( ECE ), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Institute for Software Research ( ISR ), Department of Computer Science [York] ( CS-YORK ), De Lemos, Rogério and Giese, Holger and Müller, Hausi and Shaw, Mary, University of Oxford [Oxford]-FMRIB Centre- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), and Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)
Subjects: Sistemas adaptativos, Software Engineering Process Group, Automatización y sistemas de control, decentralization, Computer science, Computer programming, processes, Ingeniería, [ INFO.INFO-IU ] Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, self-adaptive software system, Computer Science (all), Theoretical Computer Science, 02 engineering and technology, Sistemas de software, Automation Command and control system, [INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, self-adaptive software system, software engineering, roadmap, 510 Mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Software system, Software verification and validation, roadmap, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, Social software engineering, design spaces, business.industry, verification and validation, Software development, Information and Computer Science, 020207 software engineering, Systems development life cycle, System of systems engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Ingeniería de software, Software engineering, business, Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni, Software engineering for self-adaptive systems, Verification and validation, software engineering
Abstract: The goal of this roadmap paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art and identify research challenges when developing, deploying and managing self-adaptive software systems. Instead of dealing with a wide range of topics associated with the field, we focus on four essential topics of self-adaptation: design space for self-adaptive solutions, software engineering processes for self-adaptive systems, from centralized to decentralized control, and practical run-time verification & validation for self-adaptive systems. For each topic, we present an overview, suggest future directions, and focus on selected challenges. This paper complements and extends a previous roadmap on software engineering for self-adaptive systems published in 2009 covering a different set of topics, and reflecting in part on the previous paper. This roadmap is one of the many results of the Dagstuhl Seminar 10431 onSoftware Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems,which took place in October 2010.
Published: 2013
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12. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Author: Maarten J. E. Broekman, Jelle P. Hilbers, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Thomas Mueller, Abdullahi H. Ali, Henrik Andrén, Jeanne Altmann, Malin Aronsson, Nina Attias, Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Laura Bidner, Niels Blaum, Randall B. Boone, Mark S. Boyce, Michael B. Brown, Francesca Cagnacci, Rok Černe, Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes, Nandintsetseg Dejid, Jasja Dekker, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Samuel L. Díaz‐Muñoz, Julian Fennessy, Claudia Fichtel, Christina Fischer, Jason T. Fisher, Ilya Fischhoff, Adam T. Ford, John M. Fryxell, Benedikt Gehr, Jacob R. Goheen, Morgan Hauptfleisch, A. J. Mark Hewison, Robert Hering, Marco Heurich, Lynne A. Isbell, René Janssen, Florian Jeltsch, Petra Kaczensky, Peter M. Kappeler, Miha Krofel, Scott LaPoint, A. David M. Latham, John D. C. Linnell, A. Catherine Markham, Jenny Mattisson, Emilia Patricia Medici, Guilherme de Miranda Mourão, Bram Van Moorter, Ronaldo G. Morato, Nicolas Morellet, Atle Mysterud, Stephen Mwiu, John Odden, Kirk A. Olson, Aivars Ornicāns, Nives Pagon, Manuela Panzacchi, Jens Persson, Tyler Petroelje, Christer Moe Rolandsen, David Roshier, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Sonia Saïd, Albert R. Salemgareyev, Hall Sawyer, Niels Martin Schmidt, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Jared Stabach, Jenna Stacy‐Dawes, Frances E. C. Stewart, Jonas Stiegler, Olav Strand, Siva Sundaresan, Nathan J. Svoboda, Wiebke Ullmann, Ulrich Voigt, Jake Wall, Martin Wikelski, Christopher C. Wilmers, Filip Zięba, Tomasz Zwijacz‐Kozica, Aafke M. Schipper, Marlee A. Tucker, MAARTEN J. E. BROEKMAN, Radboud University, JELLE P. HILBERS, Radboud University, MARK A. J. HUIJBREGTS, Radboud University, THOMAS MUELLER, Radboud University, ABDULLAHI H. ALI, Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, HENRIK ANDRÉN, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, JEANNE ALTMANN, Princeton University, MALIN ARONSSON, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, NINA ATTIAS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, HATTIE L. A. BARTLAM-BROOKS, Royal Veterinary College, London, FLORIS M. VAN BEEST, Aarhus University, Roskilde, JERROLD L. BELANT, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, DEAN E. BEYER, Michigan State University, LAURA BIDNER, University of California, NIELS BLAUM, University of Potsdam, RANDALL B. BOONE, Colorado State University, MARK S. BOYCE, University of Alberta, MICHAEL B. BROWN, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Eros, FRANCESCA CAGNACCI, Research and Innovation Centre, ROK CERNE, Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, SIMON CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, NANDINTSETSEG DEJID, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, JASJA DEKKER, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, ARNAUD L. J. DESBIEZ, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), SAMUEL L. DÍAZ-MUÑOZ, University of California, JULIAN FENNESSY, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, CLAUDIA FICHTEL, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, Göttingen, CHRISTINA FISCHER, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, JASON T. FISHER, University of Victoria, ILYA FISCHHOFF, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, ADAM T. FORD, University of British Columbia, JOHN M. FRYXELL, University of Guelph, Guelph, BENEDIKT GEHR, University of Zurich, JACOB R. GOHEEN, University of Wyoming, MORGAN HAUPTFLEISCH, Namibia University of Science and Technology, A. J. MARK HEWISON, Université de Toulouse, ROBERT HERING, University of Potsdam, MARCO HEURICH, Bavarian Forest National Park, LYNNE A. ISBELL, University of California, RENÉ JANSSEN, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, FLORIAN JELTSCH, University of Potsdam, PETRA KACZENSKY, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PETER M. KAPPELER, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, MIHA KROFEL, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SCOTT LAPOINT, Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, A. DAVID M. LATHAM, University of Alberta, JOHN D. C. LINNELL, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, A. CATHERINE MARKHAM, Stony Brook University, JENNY MATTISSON, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, EMILIA PATRICIA MEDICI, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, BRAM VAN MOORTER, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, RONALDO G. MORATO, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, NICOLAS MORELLET, Université de Toulouse, ATLE MYSTERUD, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, STEPHEN MWIU, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, JOHN ODDEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, KIRK A. OLSON, Wildlife Conservation Society, AIVARS ORNICANS, Latvian State Forest Research Institute, NIVES PAGON, Slovenia Forest Service, MANUELA PANZACCHI, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, TYLER PETROELJE, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, CHRISTER MOE ROLANDSEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, DAVID ROSHIER, Australian Wildlife Conservancy, DANIEL I. RUBENSTEIN, Princeton University, SONIA SAÏD, Office Français de la Biodiversité, ALBERT R. SALEMGAREYEV, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), HALL SAWYER, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., NIELS MARTIN SCHMIDT, Aarhus University, NURIA SELVA, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, AGNIESZKA SERGIEL, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, JARED STABACH, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, JENNA STACY-DAWES, Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, FRANCES E. C. STEWART, University of Victoria, JONAS STIEGLER, University of Potsdam, OLAV STRAND, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, SIVA SUNDARESAN, Greater Yellowstone Coalition, NATHAN J. SVOBODA, Mississippi State University, WIEBKE ULLMANN, University of Potsdam, ULRICH VOIGT, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, JAKE WALL, Mara Elephant Project, MARTIN WIKELSKI, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, CHRISTOPHER C. WILMERS, University of California, FILIP ZIEBA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, TOMASZ ZWIJACZ-KOZICA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, AAFKE M. SCHIPPER, Radboud University, MARLEE A. TUCKER, Radboud University., Radboud University [Nijmegen], Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Hirola Conservation Programme, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Princeton University, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Aarhus University [Aarhus], State University of New York (SUNY), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Alberta, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), SLOVENIA FOREST SERVICE SVN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Guelph, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Wyoming (UW), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences - Høgskolen i Innlandet, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), University of Ljubljana, Columbia University [New York], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, University of Oslo (UiO), Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society [Mongolia], Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Veterinary Medicine [Hannover], Mara Elephant Project, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Tatra National Park, Partenaires INRAE, ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), and ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016)
Subjects: SELECTION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GPS, VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, RANGING BEHAVIOR, telemetrija, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, sesalci, IUCN, Telemetry, habitatni tip, Mammals, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, telemetry, THREAT, telemetry expert opinion, EXTINCTION RISK, expert opinion, CAPTURE, Comportamento Animal, Habitat use, Expert opinion, Habitat suitability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, selitev, movement, Animal behavior, LAND, habitat suitability, Movement, selection ratio, raba prostora, ROE DEER, ddc:570, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, habitat type, udc:630*15, mammals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, AVAILABILITY, Expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry, habitat use, primernost habitata, Climate Action, Ecological Applications, strokovno mnenje, PATTERNS, VDP::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Sciences, FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES
Abstract: Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert- based informa-tion is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert- based in-formation with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert- based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individu-als from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998–2021.Major taxa studied: Forty- nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habi-tat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS- based habitat suitability measures were in agree-ment with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species in-cluded in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macro-ecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data. expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry
Published: 2022
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13. Understanding Differences between Combinations of 2D and 3D Input and Output Devices for 3D Data Visualization

Author: Xiyao Wang, Lonni Besançon, Mehdi Ammi, Tobias Isenberg, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Linköping University (LIU), and Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, 3D manipulation, 3D visualization, Hardware and Architecture, General Engineering, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Augmented reality, Software, Education
Abstract: International audience; Focusing on interaction needs for scientific data exploration, we evaluated people's performance using a 2D mouse, 3D SpaceMouse, or 3D-tangible tablet as input devices to interact with visualizations on 2D screens or stereoscopic augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays. The increasing availability and power of immersive displays drives us to try to understand how to choose input devices, interaction techniques and output displays for the visualization of scientific data, thus to finally help us guide the interaction design for hybrid AR and PC visualization systems. With a docking task and a clipping plane placement/orientation task, we measure our participants' performance (completion time and accuracy) with each of the different combinations of input and output. We also report on their perceived workload, their preference, and on other qualitative feedback. Results show that the mouse remains good with any display, especially for tasks that require a high accuracy. Our results highlight the potential to retain the mouse as a primary input device, and to complement it with other 3D interaction devices for specific uses.
Published: 2022
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14. Assessment of Canadian perinatal mental health services from the provider perspective: Where can we improve?

Author: Laurel M. Hicks, Christine Ou, Jaime Charlebois, Lesley Tarasoff, Jodi Pawluski, Leslie E. Roos, Amanda Hooykaas, Nichole Fairbrother, Michelle Carter, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen, University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], University of Guelph, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), University of Calgary, and Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, treatment, screening, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], depression, postpartum, pregnancy, mental health
Abstract: PurposePerinatal mental health disorders are common, and rates have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear where providers may improve perinatal mental health care, particularly in countries lacking national guidelines, such as Canada.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of perinatal health providers was conducted to describe the landscape of perinatal mental health knowledge, screening, and treatment practices across Canada. Providers were recruited through listservs, social media, and snowball sampling. Participants completed an online survey that assessed their perinatal mental health training, service provision types, their patient wait times, and treatment barriers, and COVID-19 pandemic-related impacts.ResultsA total of 435 providers completed the survey, including physicians, midwives, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and allied non-mental health professionals. Most (87.0%) did not have workplace mandated screening for perinatal mental illness but a third (66%) use a validated screening tool. Many (42%) providers stated their patients needed to wait more than 2 months for services. More than half (57.3%) reported they did not receive or were unsure if they received specialized training in perinatal mental health. Most (87.0%) indicated there were cultural, linguistic, and financial barriers to accessing services. Over two-thirds (69.0%) reported the COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to services.ConclusionSurvey findings reveal significant gaps in training, screening tool use, and timely and culturally safe treatment of perinatal mental health concerns. There is critical need for coordinated and nationally mandated perinatal mental health services in Canada to improve care for pregnant and postpartum people.
Published: 2022
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15. Good orientations of unions of edge‐disjoint spanning trees

Author: Jing Huang, Matthias Kriesell, Stéphane Bessy, Jørgen Bang-Jensen, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Odense] (IMADA), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Algorithmes, Graphes et Combinatoire (ALGCO), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Institute of Mathematics - Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau University of Technology [Germany] (TU), and ANR-19-CE48-0013,DIGRAPHS,Digraphes(2019)
Subjects: acyclic orientation, 0102 computer and information sciences, Disjoint sets, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Edge (geometry), 01 natural sciences, Polynomial algorithm, 2T-graph, branchings, Combinatorics, vertex ordering, NP-complete problem, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], acyclic digraph, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Spanning tree, rigidity matroid, 010102 general mathematics, polynomial algorithm, generic circuit, spanning trees, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Geometry and Topology, Acyclic orientation, NP-complete, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract: In this paper, we exhibit connections between the following subjects: Tree packing in graphs and digraphs (both behave completely different), the rigidity matroid of a graph, Henneberg moves on trees, the conjectures of Thomassen and Matthews and Sumner, and (s,t)-orderings of digraphs. We do this by studying graphs which admit acyclic orientations that contain an out-branching and in-branching which are arc-disjoint (such an orientation is called good). A 2T-graph is a graph whose edge set can be decomposed into two edge-disjoint spanning trees. It is a well-known result due to Tutte and Nash-Williams, respectively, that every 4-edge-connected graph contains a spanning 2T-graph. Vertex-minimal 2T-graphs with at least two vertices which are known as generic circuits play an important role in rigidity theory for graphs. We prove that every generic circuit has a good orientation. Using this result we prove that if (Formula presented.) is 2T-graph whose vertex set has a partition (Formula presented.) so that each (Formula presented.) induces a generic circuit (Formula presented.) of (Formula presented.) and the set of edges between different (Formula presented.) 's form a matching in (Formula presented.), then (Formula presented.) has a good orientation. We also obtain a characterization for the case when the set of edges between different (Formula presented.) 's form a double tree, that is, if we contract each (Formula presented.) to one vertex, and delete parallel edges we obtain a tree. All our proofs are constructive and imply polynomial algorithms for finding the desired good orderings and the pairs of arc-disjoint branchings which certify that the orderings are good. We identify a structure which can be used to certify that a given 2T-graph does not have a good orientation.
Published: 2020
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16. Correlation of ROS1 immunohistochemistry with ROS1 fusion status determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Author: Giulio Rossi, Keith M. Kerr, I. Menzl, Jing Li, D. Smith, Wen Wei Liu, Huan Truong, Richard S.P. Huang, Chitra Manohar, Amy Hanlon Newell, Antonio Marchetti, Jingchuan Li, Jaya Rajamani, Cindy Choi, Patrick Pauwels, Reinhard Buettner, Michael Lee, Erik Thunnissen, Ellen Ordinario, Catherine H. Le, Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Lukas Bubendorf, Greg Pate, Fernando Lopez-Rios, Andrew G. Nicholson, Ivonne Marondel, Aysjm Büge Oz, Amrita Pati, Pathology, Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre [Victoria] (UVic-Genome BC Proteomics Centre), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU), US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, U.S Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School, Laboratorio de Dianas Terapeuticas, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Research Center (CRC), CeSI, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Department of histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute Division of Imperial College School of Medicine, Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and VU Medical Center
Subjects: Oncogene Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, In situ hybridization, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ROS1, medicine, Carcinoma, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Crizotinib, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, General Medicine, respiratory system, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, Medical Laboratory Technology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Human medicine, medicine.drug, Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract: Context.-The ability to determine ROS1 status has become mandatory for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, as many global authorities have approved crizotinib for patients with ROS1-positive lung adenocarcinoma. Objective.-To present analytical correlation of the VENTANA ROS1 (SP384) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody (ROS1 [SP384] antibody) with ROS1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Design.-The immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH analytical comparison was assessed by using 122 non-small cell lung cancer samples that had both FISH (46 positive and 76 negative cases) and IHC staining results available. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to further examine the ROS1 status in cases that were discrepant between FISH and IHC, based on staining in the cytoplasm of 2+ or above in more than 30% of total tumor cells considered as IHC positive. Here, we define the consensus status as the most frequent result across the 5 different methods (IHC, FISH, RT-PCR, RNA NGS, and DNA NGS) we used to determine ROS1 status in these cases. Results.-Of the IHC scoring methods examined, staining in the cytoplasm of 2+ or above in more than 30% of total tumor cells considered as IHC positive had the highest correlation with a FISH-positive status, reaching a positive percentage agreement of 97.8% and negative percentage agreement of 89.5%. A positive percentage agreement (100%) and negative percentage agreement (92.0%) was reached by comparing ROS1 (SP384) using a cutoff for staining in the cytoplasm of 2+ or above in more than 30% of total tumor cells to the consensus status. Conclusions.-Herein, we present a standardized staining protocol for ROS1 (SP384) and data that support the high correlation between ROS1 status and ROS1 (SP384) antibody. © 2020 College of American Pathologists. All rights reserved. Boehringer Ingelheim; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; Novartis; Roche; AbbVie; Merck KGaA Dr Huang, Mr Smith, Dr Menzl, Dr Le, Mr Liu, Dr Ordinario, Dr Manohar, Mr Lee, Mr Rajamani, Mr Truong, Dr Jing Li, Ms Choi, Dr Jingchuan Li, Dr Pati, Dr Hanlon Newell, and Mr Pate are Roche employees and receive a salary from Roche. Dr Bubendorf received research support from Roche and received honoraria related to advisory board meetings (Pfizer, Roche). Dr Buettner is a cofounder and chief scientific officer of Targos Mol. Pathol. Inc, Kassel, Germany. Dr Kerr has received honoraria for advisory work and lectures from Ventana Medical Systems, Roche, and Pfizer; these payments were outside the scope of this work. Dr Lopez-Rios received funding and honoraria from Roche, Pfizer, and Thermo Fischer. Dr Marchetti has received honoraria for advisory work and lectures from Ventana Medical Systems, Roche, and Pfizer; these payments were outside the scope of this work. Dr Marondel is an employee and receives a salary from Pfizer. Dr Nicholson serves as a consultant and receives a fee from Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer (also research grant), Novartis, Astra Zeneca (also payment for lecture), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, and ABBVIE. Dr Pauwels received research grants from Pfizer, Roche, and Astra Zeneca and was paid for attending advisory boards of BMS, MSD Astra Zeneca, Takedo, Roche, and Boehringer. Dr Thunnissen participates in Ventana advisory board meetings. The other authors (Dr Öz, Dr Penault-Llorca, and Dr Rossi) have no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.
Published: 2020
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17. What is Interaction for Data Visualization?

Author: Evanthia Dimara, Charles Perin, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and This project is financed by the ANR, with the reference ANR-16-CE33- 0023 (GESTURE).
Subjects: Visual analytics, Computer science, interaction, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Interaction design, Field (computer science), Information visualization, Data visualization, human-computer interaction, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, definition, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], visualization, 050107 human factors, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Scientific visualization, 020207 software engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Visualization, data, Signal Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, business, Software
Abstract: International audience; Interaction is fundamental to data visualization, but what "interaction" means in the context of visualization is ambiguous and confusing. We argue that this confusion is due to a lack of consensual definition. To tackle this problem, we start by synthesizing an inclusive view of interaction in the visualization community-including insights from information visualization, visual analytics and scientific visualization, as well as the input of both senior and junior visualization researchers. Once this view takes shape, we look at how interaction is defined in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). By extracting commonalities and differences between the views of interaction in visualization and in HCI, we synthesize a definition of interaction for visualization. Our definition is meant to be a thinking tool and inspire novel and bolder interaction design practices. We hope that by better understanding what interaction in visualization is and what it can be, we will enrich the quality of interaction in visualization systems and empower those who use them.
Published: 2020
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18. A tier-based typed programming language characterizing Feasible Functionals

Author: Bruce M. Kapron, Romain Péchoux, Jean-Yves Marion, Emmanuel Hainry, Designing the Future of Computational Models (MOCQUA), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Formal Methods (LORIA - FM), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Carbone (CARBONE), Department of Formal Methods (LORIA - FM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], tiering, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, General Computer Science, Computer science, Inference, implicit computational complexity, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Type (model theory), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, type-2, Oracle, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Theoretical Computer Science, type system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Time complexity, Class (computer programming), Computer Science - Programming Languages, Programming language, Type inference, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Decidability, Imperative programming, Feasible functionals, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Computer Science::Programming Languages, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, BFF, computer, Programming Languages (cs.PL)
Abstract: International audience; The class of Basic Feasible Functionals BFF$_2$ is the type-2 counterpart of the class FP of type-1 functions computable in polynomial time. Several characterizations have been suggested in the literature, but none of these present a programming language with a type system guaranteeing this complexity bound. We give a characterization of BFF$_2$ based on an imperative language with oracle calls using a tier-based type system whose inference is decidable. Such a characterization should make it possible to link higher-order complexity with programming theory. The low complexity (cubic in the size of the program) of the type inference algorithm contrasts with the intractability of the aforementioned methods and does not overly constrain the expressive power of the language.
Published: 2022
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19. N-3 PUFA Deficiency Affects the Ultrastructural Organization and Density of White Matter Microglia in the Developing Brain of Male Mice

Author: Fanny Decoeur, Katherine Picard, Marie-Kim St-Pierre, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, Jean-Christophe Delpech, Alexandra Sere, Sophie Layé, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Agnès Nadjar, Admin, Oskar, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School - - UBGSNeuro2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0028 - EURE - VALID, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale (U1215 Inserm - UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies, Conseil Régional Aquitaine, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé, ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), and ANR-17-EURE-0028,UBGSNeuro,University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School(2017)
Subjects: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, myelin, nervous system, neurodevelopment, electron microscopy, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, microglia, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, n-3 PUFA, RC321-571
Abstract: International audience; Over the last century, westernization of dietary habits has led to a dramatic reduction in dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). In particular, low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs throughout gestation and lactation causes defects in brain myelination. Microglia are recognized for their critical contribution to neurodevelopmental processes, such as myelination. These cells invade the white matter in the first weeks of the post-natal period, where they participate in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin production. Therefore, we investigated whether an alteration of white matter microglia accompanies the myelination deficits observed in the brain of n-3 PUFA-deficient animals. Macroscopic imaging analysis shows that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency decreases the density of white matter microglia around post-natal day 10. Microscopic electron microscopy analyses also revealed alterations of microglial ultrastructure, a decrease in the number of contacts between microglia and myelin sheet, and a decreased amount of myelin debris in their cell body. White matter microglia further displayed increased mitochondrial abundance and network area under perinatal n-3 PUFA deficiency. Overall, our data suggest that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters the structure and function of microglial cells located in the white matter of pups early in life, and this could be the key to understand myelination deficits during neurodevelopment. Copyright © 2022 Decoeur, Picard, St-Pierre, Greenhalgh, Delpech, Sere, Layé, Tremblay and Nadjar.
Published: 2022
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20. The JWST early release science program for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems

Author: Sasha Hinkley, Aarynn L. Carter, Shrishmoy Ray, Andrew Skemer, Beth Biller, Elodie Choquet, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Stephanie Sallum, Brittany Miles, Niall Whiteford, Polychronis Patapis, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Glenn Schneider, Karl Stapelfeldt, Jason Wang, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Brendan P. Bowler, Anthony Boccaletti, Julien H. Girard, Dean Hines, Paul Kalas, Jens Kammerer, Pierre Kervella, Jarron Leisenring, Eric Pantin, Yifan Zhou, Michael Meyer, Michael C. Liu, Mickael Bonnefoy, Thayne Currie, Michael McElwain, Stanimir Metchev, Mark Wyatt, Olivier Absil, Jea Adams, Travis Barman, Isabelle Baraffe, Mariangela Bonavita, Mark Booth, Marta Bryan, Gael Chauvin, Christine Chen, Camilla Danielski, Matthew De Furio, Samuel M. Factor, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Jonathan J. Fortney, Carol Grady, Alexandra Greenbaum, Thomas Henning, Kielan K. W. Hoch, Markus Janson, Grant Kennedy, Matthew Kenworthy, Adam Kraus, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Anne-Marie Lagrange, Ralf Launhardt, Cecilia Lazzoni, James Lloyd, Sebastian Marino, Mark Marley, Raquel Martinez, Christian Marois, Brenda Matthews, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Dimitri Mawet, Johan Mazoyer, Mark Phillips, Simon Petrus, Sascha P. Quanz, Andreas Quirrenbach, Julien Rameau, Isabel Rebollido, Emily Rickman, Matthias Samland, B. Sargent, Joshua E. Schlieder, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Jordan M. Stone, Motohide Tamura, Pascal Tremblin, Taichi Uyama, Malavika Vasist, Arthur Vigan, Kevin Wagner, Marie Ygouf, University of Exeter, University of California (UC), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), Centre for Exoplanet Science, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Hawaii, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, NASA, University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR), Université de Liège, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paris-Saclay, Eureka Scientific, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Stockholm University, University of Warwick [Coventry], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Cornell University [New York], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, GSFC Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), US Naval Research Laboratory, Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Hinkley, S [0000-0001-8074-2562], Carter, AL [0000-0001-5365-4815], Ray, S [0000-0003-2259-3911], Millar-Blanchaer, MA [0000-0001-6205-9233], Patapis, P [0000-0001-8718-3732], Perrin, M [0000-0002-3191-8151], Stapelfeldt, K [0000-0002-2805-7338], Wang, J [0000-0003-0774-6502], Ward-Duong, K [0000-0002-4479-8291], Boccaletti, A [0000-0001-9353-2724], Girard, JH [0000-0001-8627-0404], Kalas, P [0000-0002-6221-5360], Kammerer, J [0000-0003-2769-0438], Kervella, P [0000-0003-0626-1749], Leisenring, J [0000-0002-0834-6140], Zhou, Y [0000-0003-2969-6040], Meyer, M [0000-0003-2232-7664], Liu, MC [0000-0003-0241-8956], Absil, O [0000-0002-4006-6237], Bonavita, M [0000-0002-7520-8389], Booth, M [0000-0001-8568-6336], Chen, C [0000-0002-8382-0447], Danielski, C [0000-0002-3729-2663], De Furio, M [0000-0003-1863-4960], Factor, SM [0000-0002-8332-8516], Fortney, JJ [0000-0002-9843-4354], Greenbaum, A [0000-0002-7162-8036], Janson, M [0000-0001-8345-593X], Kenworthy, M [0000-0002-7064-8270], Kuzuhara, M [0000-0002-4677-9182], Martinez, R [0000-0001-6301-896X], Marois, C [0000-0002-4164-4182], Matthews, B [0000-0003-3017-9577], Matthews, EC [0000-0003-0593-1560], Quanz, SP [0000-0003-3829-7412], Rebollido, I [0000-0002-4388-6417], Rickman, E [0000-0003-4203-9715], Samland, M [0000-0001-9992-4067], Sargent, B [0000-0001-9855-8261], Sivaramakrishnan, A [0000-0003-1251-4124], Stone, JM [0000-0003-0454-3718], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Vigan, A [0000-0002-5902-7828], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, 5109 Space Sciences, Space telescopes, detection-techniques, Exoplanet detection methods, Direct imaging, adaptive optics-instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), instrumentation, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Coronagraphic imaging, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 51 Physical Sciences, interferometers-planets and satellites, high angular resolution, Exoplanet atmospheres, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Full list of authors: Hinkley, Sasha; Carter, Aarynn L.; Ray, Shrishmoy; Skemer, Andrew; Biller, Beth; Choquet, Elodie; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Sallum, Stephanie; Miles, Brittany; Whiteford, Niall; Patapis, Polychronis; Perrin, Marshall; Pueyo, Laurent; Schneider, Glenn; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Wang, Jason; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Bowler, Brendan P.; Boccaletti, Anthony; Girard, Julien H.; Hines, Dean; Kalas, Paul; Kammerer, Jens; Kervella, Pierre; Leisenring, Jarron; Pantin, Eric; Zhou, Yifan; Meyer, Michael; Liu, Michael C.; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Currie, Thayne; McElwain, Michael; Metchev, Stanimir; Wyatt, Mark; Absil, Olivier; Adams, Jea; Barman, Travis; Baraffe, Isabelle; Bonavita, Mariangela; Booth, Mark; Bryan, Marta; Chauvin, Gael; Chen, Christine; Danielski, Camilla; De Furio, Matthew; Factor, Samuel M.; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Grady, Carol; Greenbaum, Alexandra; Henning, Thomas; Hoch, Kielan K. W.; Janson, Markus; Kennedy, Grant; Kenworthy, Matthew; Kraus, Adam; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Lagrange, Anne-Marie; Launhardt, Ralf; Lazzoni, Cecilia; Lloyd, James; Marino, Sebastian; Marley, Mark; Martinez, Raquel; Marois, Christian; Matthews, Brenda; Matthews, Elisabeth C.; Mawet, Dimitri; Mazoyer, Johan; Phillips, Mark; Petrus, Simon; Quanz, Sascha P.; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Rameau, Julien; Rebollido, Isabel; Rickman, Emily; Samland, Matthias; Sargent, B.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Stone, Jordan M.; Tamura, Motohide; Tremblin, Pascal; Uyama, Taichi; Vasist, Malavika; Vigan, Arthur; Wagner, Kevin; Ygouf, Marie.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high-contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins, developing the techniques and technology for direct imaging of exoplanets is a driving focus for the community. For the first time, JWST will directly observe extrasolar planets at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond 5 μm, deliver detailed spectroscopy revealing much more precise chemical abundances and atmospheric conditions, and provide sensitivity to analogs of our solar system ice-giant planets at wide orbital separations, an entirely new class of exoplanet. However, in order to maximize the scientific output over the lifetime of the mission, an exquisite understanding of the instrumental performance of JWST is needed as early in the mission as possible. In this paper, we describe our 55 hr Early Release Science Program that will utilize all four JWST instruments to extend the characterization of planetary-mass companions to ∼15 μm as well as image a circumstellar disk in the mid-infrared with unprecedented sensitivity. Our program will also assess the performance of the observatory in the key modes expected to be commonly used for exoplanet direct imaging and spectroscopy, optimize data calibration and processing, and generate representative data sets that will enable a broad user base to effectively plan for general observing programs in future Cycles. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). All rights reserved., This project was supported by a grant from STScI (JWST-ERS-01386) under NASA contract NAS5-03127. M.T.is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No.18H05442. M.B. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant Kr 2164/13–2. K.W. acknowledges support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51472.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.
Published: 2022
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21. Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios

Author: Charles D. Koven, Vivek K. Arora, Patricia Cadule, Rosie A. Fisher, Chris D. Jones, David M. Lawrence, Jared Lewis, Keith Lindsay, Sabine Mathesius, Malte Meinshausen, Michael Mills, Zebedee Nicholls, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Roland Séférian, Neil C. Swart, William R. Wieder, Kirsten Zickfeld, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Leeds, University of Melbourne, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)
Subjects: Climate Action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Future climate projections from Earth system models (ESMs) typically focus on the timescale of this century. We use a set of five ESMs and one Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) to explore the dynamics of the Earth's climate and carbon cycles under contrasting emissions trajectories beyond this century to the year 2300. The trajectories include a very-high-emissions, unmitigated fossil-fuel-driven scenario, as well as a mitigation scenario that diverges from the first scenario after 2040 and features an “overshoot”, followed by a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations by means of large net negative CO2 emissions. In both scenarios and for all models considered here, the terrestrial system switches from being a net sink to either a neutral state or a net source of carbon, though for different reasons and centered in different geographic regions, depending on both the model and the scenario. The ocean carbon system remains a sink, albeit weakened by carbon cycle feedbacks, in all models under the high-emissions scenario and switches from sink to source in the overshoot scenario. The global mean temperature anomaly is generally proportional to cumulative carbon emissions, with a deviation from proportionality in the overshoot scenario that is governed by the zero emissions commitment. Additionally, 23rd century warming continues after the cessation of carbon emissions in several models in the high-emissions scenario and in one model in the overshoot scenario. While ocean carbon cycle responses qualitatively agree in both globally integrated and zonal mean dynamics in both scenarios, the land models qualitatively disagree in zonal mean dynamics, in the relative roles of vegetation and soil in driving C fluxes, in the response of the sink to CO2, and in the timing of the sink–source transition, particularly in the high-emissions scenario. The lack of agreement among land models on the mechanisms and geographic patterns of carbon cycle feedbacks, alongside the potential for lagged physical climate dynamics to cause warming long after CO2 concentrations have stabilized, points to the possibility of surprises in the climate system beyond the 21st century time horizon, even under relatively mitigated global warming scenarios, which should be taken into consideration when setting global climate policy.
Published: 2022
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22. Microglial homeostasis disruption modulates non-rapid eye movement sleep duration and neuronal activity in adult female mice

Author: Katherine Picard, Giorgio Corsi, Fanny Decoeur, Maria Amalia Di Castro, Maude Bordeleau, Marine Persillet, Sophie Layé, Cristina Limatola, Marie-Ève Tremblay, Agnès Nadjar, Admin, Oskar, Bordeaux Region Aquitaine Initiative for Neuroscience - - BRAIN2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0043 - LABX - VALID, University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School - - UBGSNeuro2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0028 - EURE - VALID, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale (U1215 Inserm - UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Fonds de recherche du Québec, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Conseil Régional Aquitaine, Ministero della Salute, ANR-10-LABX-0043,BRAIN,Bordeaux Region Aquitaine Initiative for Neuroscience(2010), and ANR-17-EURE-0028,UBGSNeuro,University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School(2017)
Subjects: Sleep Wake Disorders, Eye Movements, NREM, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Microglia depletion, Sleep Duration, Immunology, CSF1R, Synaptic plasticity, Mice, Behavioral Neuroscience, Animals, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], EEG, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Sleep
Abstract: Sleep is a natural physiological state, tightly regulated through several neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems, which is essential to maintain physical and mental health. Recent studies revealed that the functions of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, differ along the sleep-wake cycle. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mainly produced by microglia in the brain, are also well-known to promote sleep. However, the contributing role of microglia on sleep regulation remains largely elusive, even more so in females. Given the higher prevalence of various sleep disorders in women, we aimed to determine the role of microglia in regulating the sleep-wake cycle specifically in female mice. Microglia were depleted in adult female mice with inhibitors of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) (PLX3397 or PLX5622), which is required for microglial population maintenance. This led to a 65-73% reduction of the microglial population, as confirmed by immunofluorescence staining against IBA1 (marker of microglia/macrophages) and TMEM119 (microglia-specific marker) in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and primary motor cortex. The spontaneous sleep-wake cycle was evaluated at steady-state, during microglial homeostasis disruption and after complete microglial repopulation, upon cessation of treatment with the inhibitors of CSF1R, using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). We found that microglia-depleted female mice spent more time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and had an increased number of NREM sleep episodes, which was partially restored after microglial total repopulation. To determine whether microglia could regulate sleep locally by modulating synaptic transmission, we used patch clamp to record spontaneous activity of pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex, which showed an increase of excitatory synaptic transmission during the dark phase. These changes in neuronal activity were modulated by microglial depletion in a phase-dependent manner. Altogether, our results indicate that microglia are involved in the sleep regulation of female mice, further strengthening their potential implication in the development and/or progression of sleep disorders. Furthermore, our findings indicate that microglial repopulation can contribute to normalizing sleep alterations caused by their partial depletion.
Published: 2022

23. New high-tech flexible networks for the monitoring of deep-sea ecosystems

Author: Jacopo Aguzzi, Damianos Chatzievangelou, Simone Marini, Emanuela Fanelli, Roberto Danovaro, Sascha Flögel, Nadine Lebris, Francis Juanes, Fabio C. De Leo, Joaquin Del Rio, Laurenz Thomsen, Corrado Costa, Giorgio Riccobene, Cristian Tamburini, Dominique Lefevre, Carl Gojak, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Paolo Favali, Annalisa Griffa, Autun Purser, Danelle Cline, Duane Edgington, Joan Navarro, Sergio Stefanni, Steve D’Hondt, Imants G. Priede, Rodney Rountree, Joan B. Company, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Department of Marine Science, Polytechnnic University of Marche, Pharmacology, Agricultural Engineering Research Unit, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Jacobs University [Bremen], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Monitoring, Traceability, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, FOS: Physical sciences, Augmented observatories, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Ecosystems, Deep Sea, Abundance (ecology), Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Abiotic component, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Pelagic zone, General Chemistry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Increasing interest in the acquisition of biotic and abiotic resources from within the deep sea (e.g., fisheries, oil–gas extraction, and mining) urgently imposes the development of novel monitoring technologies, beyond the traditional vessel-assisted, time-consuming, high-cost sampling surveys. The implementation of permanent networks of seabed and water-column-cabled (fixed) and docked mobile platforms is presently enforced, to cooperatively measure biological features and environmental (physicochemical) parameters. Video and acoustic (i.e., optoacoustic) imaging are becoming central approaches for studying benthic fauna (e.g., quantifying species presence, behavior, and trophic interactions) in a remote, continuous, and prolonged fashion. Imaging is also being complemented by in situ environmental-DNA sequencing technologies, allowing the traceability of a wide range of organisms (including prokaryotes) beyond the reach of optoacoustic tools. Here, we describe the different fixed and mobile platforms of those benthic and pelagic monitoring networks, proposing at the same time an innovative roadmap for the automated computing of hierarchical ecological information on deep-sea ecosystems (i.e., from single species’ abundance and life traits to community composition, and overall biodiversity), This work was developed within the framework of the Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC) and the following project activities: ARIM (Autonomous Robotic sea-ﬂoor Infrastructure for benthopelagic Monitoring; MartTERA ERA-Net Cofound), ARCHES (Autonomous Robotic Networks to Help Modern Societies; German Helmholtz Association), RESBIO (Grant TEC2017-87861-R; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), RESNEP (Grant CTM2017-82991-C2-1-R; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades), MERCES (Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas - GA No. 689518), and IDEM (Implementing the MSFD to the Deep Mediterranean Sea, GA No. 11.0661/2017/750680/SUB/ENV.C2)
Published: 2022
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24. N‐3 PUFA deficiency disrupts oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin integrity during brain development

Author: Quentin Leyrolle, Marie-Kim St-Pierre, Cynthia Lecours, Ioannis Bakoyiannis, Cyril Dejean, Patricia Thebault, Clémentine Bosch-Bouju, Emilie Baroux, Raluca Uricaru, Tony-Lee Sterley, Stéphane Léon, Marie-Ève Tremblay, Fanny Decoeur, Guillaume Ferreira, Niyazi Acar, Véronique De Smedt-Peyrusse, Lionel Bretillon, Sophie Layé, Galadriel Brière, Lydie Morel, Alexandran Séré, Stéphane Grégoire, Pierre Gressens, Agnès Nadjar, Maude Bordeleau, Camille Amadieu, Corinne Joffre, Leslie Schwendimann, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), University of Calgary, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Fondation de France, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, N-3 PUFA, Neurogenesis, Hippocampus, Biology, Prefrontal cortex, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Myelin, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Animals, Clemastine, Neurodevelopement, Myelin Sheath, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Omega-3, 0303 health sciences, Mechanism (biology), Brain, Oligodendrocyte, Oligodendroglia, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, chemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Histamine, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; Westernization of dietary habits has led to a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, conditions in which myelination processes are abnormal, leading to defects in brain functional connectivity. Only little is known about the role of n-3 PUFAs in oligodendrocyte physiology and white matter development. Here, we show that lifelong n-3 PUFA deficiency disrupts oligodendrocytes maturation and myelination processes during the postnatal period in mice. This has long-term deleterious consequences on white matter organization and hippocampus-prefrontal functional connectivity in adults, associated with cognitive and emotional disorders. Promoting developmental myelination with clemastine, a first-generation histamine antagonist and enhancer of oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, rescues memory deficits in n-3 PUFA deficient animals. Our findings identify a novel mechanism through which n-3 PUFA deficiency alters brain functions by disrupting oligodendrocyte maturation and brain myelination during the neurodevelopmental period.
Published: 2022
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25. Fostering good coding practices through individual feedback and gamification: an industrial case study

Author: Xavier Blanc, Jean-Rémy Falleri, Margaret-Anne Storey, Matthieu Foucault, Progress, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Computer Science [Victoria], and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Legacy system, Code coverage, 020207 software engineering, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 02 engineering and technology, Data science, Software quality, Software, Program analysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract: Code quality is a constant challenge faced by today’s software industry. To ensure that developers follow good coding practices, a variety of program analysis and test coverage tools are routinely deployed. However, these tools often fail to engage and change the practices of developers when applied to legacy systems as they output a huge number of warnings, quickly overwhelming the developers. In this article, we explore how individual feedback and gamification can motivate developers to pay more attention to good coding practices. To that extent, we implemented these two concepts in a tool that we deployed at two large companies where we conducted a case study. We find out that individual feedback is essential for motivating developers. We also find that gamification can be useful but has to be used with caution as it can frustrate some developers. Finally, we reflect on some lessons learned during our case studies, and conclude that the promising approach of our tool needs to be supported by longitudinal studies as well as comparative studies.
Published: 2019
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26. Density-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods for incompressible flows

Author: Mehmet Yildiz, Amin Rahmat, Nima Tofighi, Rouhollah Fatehi, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Persian Gulf University, Sabanci University [Istanbul], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Preconditioned dual time-stepping method, General Computer Science, Iterative method, Augmented Lagrangian method, Density-based approaches, Mathematical analysis, General Engineering, Incompressible flow, Laminar flow, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Open-channel flow, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 010101 applied mathematics, Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, Flow (mathematics), Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), 0103 physical sciences, Compressibility, 0101 mathematics, Augmented lagrangian method, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we have introduced two new iterative density-based Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methods to model incompressible flows, namely, preconditioned dual time-stepping, and augmented Lagrangian method. The performance of these new methods are compared with each other and also with a modified version of the well-known weakly compressible SPH (WC-SPH) method through solving three carefully chosen incompressible flow problems: a laminar incompressible channel flow over a backward-facing step, a 2D stiff pressure decay problem and Taylor-Green vortices flow. For the first test problem, the results are compared with available data in literature. Moreover, it is observed that the two iterative methods provide a better accuracy in terms of smoother pressure field and also smaller magnitude of the velocity divergence across the computational domain. In the second test problem, it is shown that the preconditioned dual time-stepping and the augmented Lagrangian SPH methods yield rather smooth pressure fields, and converge to the exact solution, while the pressure field computed by the WC-SPH method oscillates even after very long time. As for the third test case, the iterative methods are compared with WC-SPH method for different iteration numbers and particle resolutions.
Published: 2019
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27. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author: J. P. D. Abbatt, W. R. Leaitch, A. A. Aliabadi, A. K. Bertram, J.-P. Blanchet, A. Boivin-Rioux, H. Bozem, J. Burkart, R. Y. W. Chang, J. Charette, J. P. Chaubey, R. J. Christensen, A. Cirisan, D. B. Collins, B. Croft, J. Dionne, G. J. Evans, C. G. Fletcher, M. Galí, R. Ghahremaninezhad, E. Girard, W. Gong, M. Gosselin, M. Gourdal, S. J. Hanna, H. Hayashida, A. B. Herber, S. Hesaraki, P. Hoor, L. Huang, R. Hussherr, V. E. Irish, S. A. Keita, J. K. Kodros, F. Köllner, F. Kolonjari, D. Kunkel, L. A. Ladino, K. Law, M. Levasseur, Q. Libois, J. Liggio, M. Lizotte, K. M. Macdonald, R. Mahmood, R. V. Martin, R. H. Mason, L. A. Miller, A. Moravek, E. Mortenson, E. L. Mungall, J. G. Murphy, M. Namazi, A.-L. Norman, N. T. O'Neill, J. R. Pierce, L. M. Russell, J. Schneider, H. Schulz, S. Sharma, M. Si, R. M. Staebler, N. S. Steiner, J. L. Thomas, K. von Salzen, J. J. B. Wentzell, M. D. Willis, G. R. Wentworth, J.-W. Xu, J. D. Yakobi-Hancock, Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Biology [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Departement de Biologie [Québec], School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection [Sherbrooke] (CARTEL), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Arctic haze, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Global warming, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface microlayer, lcsh:QC1-999, Atmospheric Sciences, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Climate Action, Deposition (aerosol physics), lcsh:QD1-999, Arctic, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s−1).
Published: 2019
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28. Oriented Incidence Colourings of Digraphs

Author: Gary MacGillivray, Pascal Ochem, Christopher Duffy, André Raspaud, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Computer Science [Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Algorithmes, Graphes et Combinatoire (ALGCO), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)
Subjects: graph colouring, Mathematics::Combinatorics, computational complexity, Computational complexity theory, digraph homomorpism, Applied Mathematics, Graph colouring, 010102 general mathematics, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, incidence colouring, Combinatorics, [MATH.MATH-LO]Mathematics [math]/Logic [math.LO], 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Computer Science::Discrete Mathematics, 05c15, QA1-939, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Incidence (geometry)
Abstract: Brualdi and Quinn Massey [6] defined incidence colouring while study- ing the strong edge chromatic index of bipartite graphs. Here we introduce a similar concept for digraphs and define the oriented incidence chromatic number. Using digraph homomorphisms, we show that the oriented inci- dence chromatic number of a digraph is closely related to the chromatic number of the underlying simple graph. This motivates our study of the oriented incidence chromatic number of symmetric complete digraphs. We give upper and lower bounds for the oriented incidence chromatic number of these graphs, as well as digraphs arising from common graph constructions and decompositions. Additionally we construct, for all k > 2, a target digraph Hkfor which oriented incidence k colouring is equivalent to homomorphism to Hk.
Published: 2019
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29. Integrating diel vertical migrations of bioluminescent deep scattering layers into monitoring programs

Author: Damianos Chatzievangelou, Nixon Bahamon, Séverine Martini, Joaquin del Rio, Giorgio Riccobene, Michael Tangherlini, Roberto Danovaro, Fabio C. De Leo, Benoit Pirenne, Jacopo Aguzzi, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. SARTI-MAR - Sistemes d'Adquisició Remota de dades i Tractament de la Informació en el Medi Marí, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Canada Foundation for Innovation, German Research Foundation, University of Alberta, Jacobs University [Bremen], Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Biologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Science, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, QH1-199.5, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Deep sea, Fons marins -- Investigació, Deep scattering layer, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, Neutrins, Neutrinos, Diel vertical migration, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Telescopis, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Diel vertical migrations, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Pelagic zone, Environmental monitoring, Monitoring technologies, Bentos, Benthic ecology, Seguiment ambiental, 13. Climate action, Aphotic zone, Benthic zone, Benthic boundary layer, Environmental science, Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bioluminescence, Neutrino telescopes, Activity rhythms, Telescopes
Abstract: 14 pages, 2 figures, The deep sea (i.e., >200 m depth) is a highly dynamic environment where benthic ecosystems are functionally and ecologically connected with the overlying water column and the surface. In the aphotic deep sea, organisms rely on external signals to synchronize their biological clocks. Apart from responding to cyclic hydrodynamic patterns and periodic fluctuations of variables such as temperature, salinity, phytopigments, and oxygen concentration, the arrival of migrators at depth on a 24-h basis (described as Diel Vertical Migrations; DVMs), and from well-lit surface and shallower waters, could represent a major response to a solar-based synchronization between the photic and aphotic realms. In addition to triggering the rhythmic behavioral responses of benthic species, DVMs supply food to deep seafloor communities through the active downward transport of carbon and nutrients. Bioluminescent species of the migrating deep scattering layers play a not yet quantified (but likely important) role in the benthopelagic coupling, raising the need to integrate the efficient detection and quantification of bioluminescence into large-scale monitoring programs. Here, we provide evidence in support of the benefits for quantifying and continuously monitoring bioluminescence in the deep sea. In particular, we recommend the integration of bioluminescence studies into long-term monitoring programs facilitated by deep-sea neutrino telescopes, which offer photon counting capability. Their Photo-Multiplier Tubes and other advanced optical sensors installed in neutrino telescope infrastructures can boost the study of bioluminescent DVMs in concert with acoustic backscatter and video imagery from ultra-low-light cameras. Such integration will enhance our ability to monitor proxies for the mass and energy transfer from the upper ocean into the deep-sea Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL), a key feature of the ocean biological pump and crucial for monitoring the effects of climate-change. In addition, it will allow for investigating the role of deep scattering DVMs in the behavioral responses, abundance and structure of deep-sea benthic communities. The proposed approach may represent a new frontier for the study and discovery of new, taxon-specific bioluminescence capabilities. It will thus help to expand our knowledge of poorly described deep-sea biodiversity inventories and further elucidate the connectivity between pelagic and benthic compartments in the deep-sea, This work was developed within the framework of the Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC) and the following project activities: ARIM (Autonomous Robotic sea-floor Infrastructure for benthopelagic Monitoring; MartTERA ERA-Net Cofound) and RESBIO (TEC2017-87861-R; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; PIs: JR and JA) and with funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Ocean Networks Canada was funded through Canada Foundation for Innovation-Major Science Initiative Fund 30199 to FD and BP. The STRAW and STRAW-b experiments deployed and connected through the NEPTUNE cabled observatory are supported by the German Research Foundation through grant SFB 1258 “Neutrinos and Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics,” the cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe,” and the University of Alberta
Published: 2021
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30. Risk of groundwater contamination widely underestimated because of fast flow into aquifers

Author: E. Zagana, Juan Antonio Barberá, Christine Stumpp, Damián Sánchez, José Francisco Martín, Martin Kralik, Jens Lange, Bernard Ladouche, Giorgia Lucianetti, W. George Darling, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Tom Gleeson, Heike Brielmann, Maria Filippini, Andreas Hartmann, Yoshihide Wada, Harald Kunstmann, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, Matías Mudarra, Thorsten Wagener, Jakob Garvelmann, Nico Goldscheider, Bartolomé Andreo, Scott Jasechko, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Environment Agency Austria, Université Ibn Zohr [Agadir], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Geological Survey [Wallingford], British Geological Survey (BGS), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology [Karlsruhe] (INT), University of Vienna [Vienna], Roma Tre University, University of Patras [Patras], University of the West of England [Bristol] (UWE Bristol), German Research Foundation (DFG) - HA 8113/1-1, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Hartmann A., Jasechko S., Gleeson T., Wada Y., Andreo B., Barbera J.A., Brielmann H., Bouchaou L., Charlier J.-B., Darling W.G., Filippini M., Garvelmann J., Goldscheider N., Kralik M., Kunstmann H., Ladouche B., Lange J., Lucianetti G., Martin J.F., Mudarra M., Sanchez D., Stumpp C., Zagana E., and Wagener T.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, Glycine, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Middle East, Contamination, Africa, Northern, Water Supply, Groundwater pollution, Water Movements, Humans, Computer Simulation, 020701 environmental engineering, education, Groundwater, Water Movement, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, geography, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Models, Statistical, Groundwater recharge, Infiltration (HVAC), Recharge, 6. Clean water, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Carbonate rock, Water resource management, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Human, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Groundwater pollution threatens human and ecosystem health in many regions around the globe. Fast flow to the groundwater through focused recharge is known to transmit short-lived pollutants into carbonate aquifers, endangering the quality of groundwaters where one quarter of the world’s population lives. However, the large-scale impact of such focused recharge on groundwater quality remains poorly understood. Here, we apply a continental-scale model to quantify the risk of groundwater contamination by degradable pollutants through focused recharge in the carbonate rock regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. We show that focused recharge is the primary reason for widespread rapid transport of contaminants to the groundwater. Where it occurs, the concentration of pollutants in groundwater recharge that have not yet degraded increases from
Published: 2021
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31. When Language Education Meets Digital Citizenship

Author: Catherine Jeanneau, Christian Ollivier, Catherine Caws, Marie-Josée Hamel, Institut Coopératif Austral de Recherche en Éducation (ICARE), Université de La Réunion (UR), University of Limerick (UL), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, 0508 media and communications, 4. Education, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, 050801 communication & media studies, 0503 education, Language and Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: La notion de citoyennete numerique et les appels a la mise en place, dans les systemes educatifs, d’une education a la citoyennete numerique (ECN) se repandent. Nous proposons ici une meta-analyse de la litterature specialisee traitant de cette notion afin, d’une part, de dresser un portrait maximal (non normatif) du citoyen usager du numerique et, d’autre part, de montrer les points de contact entre l’ECN et la didactique des langues. Concretement, un corpus de 96 publications recentes (2016‑2020) a ete soumis a une analyse thematique de contenu. Il en ressort cinq grandes categories qui definissent le citoyen numerique. Nous avons explore au sein de chacune d’elles les liens possibles avec la didactique des langues.
Published: 2021
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32. Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks

Author: Ruobing Dong, Maud Langlois, Joany Andreina Manjarres Ramos, R. van Boekel, S. Jorquera, Myriam Benisty, E. L. Rickman, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Villenave, Antonio Garufi, Gael Chauvin, Th. Henning, L. Gluck, Markus Janson, Raffaele Gratton, A. Pavlov, C. Desgrange, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, Faustine Cantalloube, P. Pinilla, Thierry Fusco, Markus Feldt, Dino Mesa, C. Bergez-Casalou, M. Keppler, Tomas Stolker, Judit Szulágyi, François Ménard, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Laboratoire Franco-Chilien d'Astronomie (LFCA), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik [Tübingen] (IAAT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon (Ens Lyon), Stockholm University, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), European Space Agency (Baltimore) Space Telescope Science Institute (ESA), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Universidad de Concepción [Chile]-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad de Chile, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universität Bern [Bern], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: Protoplanetary disks, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], High angular resolution, Image processing, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, protoplanetary disks, planet-disk interactions, planets and satellites, detection, techniques, high angular resolution, image processing, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Planets and Satellites, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planets and satellites: detection, Techniques, Detection, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Hill sphere, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Substructure, Millimeter, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Planetary mass, Order of magnitude, Planet-disk interactions, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The detection of a wide range of substructures such as rings, cavities and spirals has become a common outcome of high spatial resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks, both in the near-infrared scattered light and in the thermal millimetre continuum emission. The most frequent interpretation of their origin is the presence of planetary-mass companions perturbing the gas and dust distribution in the disk (perturbers), but so far the only bona-fide detection has been the two giant planets around PDS 70. Here, we collect a sample of 15 protoplanetary disks showing substructures in SPHERE scattered light images and present a homogeneous derivation of planet detection limits in these systems. We also estimate the mass of these perturbers through a Hill radius prescription and a comparison to ALMA data. Assuming that one single planet carves each substructure in scattered light, we find that more massive perturbers are needed to create gaps within cavities than rings, and that we might be close to a detection in the cavities of RX J1604, RX J1615, Sz Cha, HD 135344B and HD 34282. We reach typical mass limits in these cavities of 3-10 Mjup. For planets in the gaps between rings, we find that the detection limits of SPHERE are about an order of magnitude away in mass, and that the gaps of PDS 66 and HD 97048 seem to be the most promising structures for planet searches. The proposed presence of massive planets causing spiral features in HD 135344B and HD 36112 are also within SPHERE's reach assuming hot-start models.These results suggest that current detection limits are able to detect hot-start planets in cavities, under the assumption that they are formed by a single perturber located at the centre of the cavity. More realistic planet mass constraints would help to clarify whether this is actually the case, which might point to perturbers not being the only way of creating substructures., 26 pages, 33 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2021
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33. Architecturally complex O -glycopeptidases are customized for mucin recognition and hydrolysis

Author: Ilit Noach, Alisdair B. Boraston, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Christopher P. Stuart, Warren W. Wakarchuk, Nakita Buenbrazo, Benjamin Pluvinage, Nicole K. Thompson, Hayden McClure, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and Ryerson University
Subjects: Domain of a function, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Glycan, Multidisciplinary, biology, Mucin, Computational biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enzyme, chemistry, biology.protein, Feature (machine learning), [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Peptide bond, Glycoprotein, Energy source, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; A challenge faced by peptidases is the recognition of highly diverse substrates. A feature of some peptidase families is the capacity to specifically use post-translationally added glycans present on their protein substrates as a recognition determinant. This is ultimately critical to enabling peptide bond hydrolysis. This class of enzyme is also frequently large and architecturally sophisticated. However, the molecular details underpinning glycan recognition by these O -glycopeptidases, the importance of these interactions, and the functional roles of their ancillary domains remain unclear. Here, using the Clostridium perfringens ZmpA, ZmpB, and ZmpC M60 peptidases as model proteins, we provide structural and functional insight into how these intricate proteins recognize glycans as part of catalytic and noncatalytic substrate recognition. Structural, kinetic, and mutagenic analyses support the key role of glycan recognition within the M60 domain catalytic site, though they point to ZmpA as an apparently inactive enzyme. Wider examination of the Zmp domain content reveals noncatalytic carbohydrate binding as a feature of these proteins. The complete three-dimensional structure of ZmpB provides rare insight into the overall molecular organization of a highly multimodular enzyme and reveals how the interplay of individual domain function may influence biological activity. O -glycopeptidases frequently occur in host-adapted microbes that inhabit or attack mucus layers. Therefore, we anticipate that these results will be fundamental to informing more detailed models of how the glycoproteins that are abundant in mucus are destroyed as part of pathogenic processes or liberated as energy sources during normal commensal lifestyles.
Published: 2021
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34. Numerical Simulations Of Multi-Phase Electro-Hydrodynamics Flows Using A Simple Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

Author: F. Almasi, Mehmet Yildiz, Abdellah Hadjadj, Nima Tofighi, Murat Özbulut, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Piri Reis University = Piri Reis Üniversitesi, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (Sabanci University), Sabanci University [Istanbul], and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)
Subjects: Permittivity, Laplace transform, Bubble, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Electric field, Fluid dynamics, Electrohydrodynamics, 0101 mathematics, Current (fluid), Couette flow, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: Practically, every processing technology deals with complex multi-phase flows and predicting the fluid flow behavior is crucial for these processes. Current study discusses the application of a mesh-less numerical methodology, i.e. Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) to investigate the behavior of different multi-phase flow systems. This work is presented in a coherent way with increasing test problem difficulties and their concerned physical complexities. A wide range of problems including Laplace's law, bubble rising, bubble suspension under an external electric field are considered for a code validation purpose, while the numerical results manifest very good accordance with the experimental and theoretical data. Finally, we show the effectiveness of using an external electric field for controlling a complex problem such as Couette flow for a range of electrical permittivity and electrical conductivity ratios. It is noted that the Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) effect on a suspended droplet in Couette flow case is simulated for the first time using the SPH method. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021
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35. Uniform Lifetime for Classical Solutions to the Hot, Magnetized, Relativistic Vlasov Maxwell System

Author: Cheverry, Christophe, Ibrahim, Slim, Preissl, Dayton, Department of Mathematics [Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Numerical Analysis, Kinetic Equations, Plasma Physics, 010102 general mathematics, Analysis of PDEs, FOS: Physical sciences, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), 01 natural sciences, Vlasov Maxwell, 010101 applied mathematics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Modeling and Simulation, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0101 mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: This article is devoted to the kinetic description in phase space of magnetically confined plasmas. It addresses the problem of stability near equilibria of the Relativistic Vlasov Maxwell system. We work under the Glassey-Strauss compactly supported momentum assumption on the density function \begin{document}$ f(t,\cdot) $\end{document}. Magnetically confined plasmas are characterized by the presence of a strong external magnetic field \begin{document}$ x \mapsto \epsilon^{-1} \mathbf{B}_e(x) $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} is a small parameter related to the inverse gyrofrequency of electrons. In comparison, the self consistent internal electromagnetic fields \begin{document}$ (E,B) $\end{document} are supposed to be small. In the non-magnetized setting, local \begin{document}$ C^1 $\end{document}-solutions do exist but do not exclude the possibility of blow up in finite time for large data. Consequently, in the strongly magnetized case, since \begin{document}$ \epsilon^{-1} $\end{document} is large, standard results predict that the lifetime \begin{document}$ T_\epsilon $\end{document} of solutions may shrink to zero when \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} goes to \begin{document}$ 0 $\end{document}. In this article, through field straightening, and a time averaging procedure we show a uniform lower bound (\begin{document}$ 0) on the lifetime of solutions and uniform Sup-Norm estimates. Furthermore, a bootstrap argument shows \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} remains at a distance \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} from the linearized system, while the internal fields can differ by order 1 for well prepared initial data.
Published: 2021
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36. The Pristine survey XIV: chemical analysis of two ultra-metal-poor stars

Author: Else Starkenburg, Julio F. Navarro, Lyudmila Mashonkina, Collin Kielty, Piercarlo Bonifacio, K. A. Venn, Pascale Jablonka, A. Arentsen, Nicolas F. Martin, Federico Sestito, Tatyana Sitnova, Carmela Lardo, G. Kordopatis, Elisabetta Caffau, J. I. González Hernández, R. G. Carlberg, David Aguado, Vanessa Hill, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), EPFL Laboratoire d’astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Astronomy, Lardo C., Mashonkina L., Jablonka P., Bonifacio P., Caffau E., Aguado D.S., Gonzalez Hernandez J.I., Sestito F., Kielty C.L., Venn K.A., Hill V., Starkenburg E., Martin N.F., Sitnova T., Arentsen A., Carlberg R.G., Navarro J.F., and Kordopatis G.
Subjects: stars: abundances, sodium abundance, Analytical chemistry, stellar parameters, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Galactic halo, hamburg/eso survey, statistical equilibrium, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, follow-up, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, milky-way, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, data release, Galaxy: evolution, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, model atmospheres, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, equilibrium-line formation, Galaxy: halo, Galaxy: abundance, Radial velocity, Stars, Supernova, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxy: formation, visual_art, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), visual_art.visual_art_medium, Galaxy: abundances, non-lte, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Elemental abundances of the most metal-poor stars reflect the conditions in the early Galaxy and the properties of the first stars. We present a spectroscopic follow-up of two ultra metal-poor stars ([Fe/H], Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2021
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37. ALMA survey of orion planck galactic cold clumps (ALMASOP): Detection of extremely high-density compact structure of prestellar cores and multiple substructures within

Author: Gwanjeong Kim, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Jeong-Eun Lee, Sheng-Li Qin, V. M. Pelkonen, Archana Soam, J. Montillaud, Jinhua He, Naomi Hirano, D. Alina, Leonardo Bronfman, Jianjun Zhou, Maria Cunningham, Mika Juvela, Sheng-Yuan Liu, David Eden, Anthony Moraghan, Isabelle Ristorcelli, Neal J. Evans, Doug Johnstone, Yi-Jehng Kuan, Chang Won Lee, Qizhou Zhang, Shih-Ying Hsu, Paul F. Goldsmith, Yuefang Wu, Chin-Fei Lee, Somnath Dutta, Shanghuo Li, Hsien Shang, Tie Liu, Pak Shing Li, Woojin Kwon, Qiu Yi Luo, Dipen Sahu, Kee-Tae Kim, Guido Garay, Patricio Sanhueza, Ken'ichi Tatematsu, Kai Syun Jhan, Di Li, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Research Foundation of Korea, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] (SHAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Nazarbayev University [Kazakhstan], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Graduate University for Advanced Studies [Hayama] (SOKENDAI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Peking University [Beijing], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, and Department of Physics
Subjects: Research program, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Library science, High density, FOS: Physical sciences, MASS, 01 natural sciences, STAR-FORMATION, Star forming regions, 0103 physical sciences, Molecular clouds, Collapsing clouds, Star-forming regions, China, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Star formation, CLOUDS, International partnership, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Chinese academy of sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Protostars, State agency, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Christian ministry, FRAGMENTATION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], SYSTEM
Abstract: Prestellar cores are self-gravitating dense and cold structures within molecular clouds where future stars are born. They are expected, at the stage of transitioning to the protostellar phase, to harbor centrally concentrated dense (sub)structures that will seed the formation of a new star or the binary/multiple stellar systems. Characterizing this critical stage of evolution is key to our understanding of star formation. In this work, we report the detection of high-density (sub)structures on the thousand-astronomical-unit (au) scale in a sample of dense prestellar cores. Through our recent ALMA observations toward the Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps, we have found five extremely dense prestellar cores, which have centrally concentrated regions of ∼2000 au in size, and several 107 cm-3 in average density. Masses of these centrally dense regions are in the range of 0.30 to 6.89M⊙. For the first time, our higher resolution observations (0.8' ∼ 320 au) further reveal that one of the cores shows clear signatures of fragmentation; such individual substructures/fragments have sizes of 800-1700 au, masses of 0.08 to 0.84M⊙, densities of 2 - 8 × 107 cm-3, and separations of ∼1200 au. The substructures are massive enough (≳0.1M⊙) to form young stellar objects and are likely examples of the earliest stage of stellar embryos that can lead to widely (∼1200 au) separated multiple systems., L. acknowledges the support from the international partnership program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through grant No.114231KYSB20200009, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grant NSFC No.12073061, and Shanghai Pujiang Program 20PJ1415500. N.H. acknowledges MoST 108-2112-M-001-017 and MoST 109-2112-M-001-023 grants. G.G. acknowledges support from ANID project AFB 170002. L.B. acknowledges support from ANID project AFB-170002. S.L.Q. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. U1631237. D.J. is supported by NRC Canada and by an NSERC Discovery Grant. V.M.P. acknowledges support by the Spanish MINECO under project AYA2017-88754-P, and financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-2023” award to the Institute of Cosmos Sciences (CEX2019-000918-M). C.W.L. is supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2019R1A2C1010851). A.S. acknowledges financial support from the NSF through grant AST-1715876. The research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated for NASA by the California Institute of Technology. D. L. acknowledges support from NSFC No. 11911530226 and 11725313. K.T. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 20H05645. J.H. thanks the NSFC grant No. 11873086 and Yunnan Province of China (No. 2017HC018).This work is sponsored (in part) by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), through a grant to the CAS South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA) in Santiago, Chile.
Published: 2021
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38. Divergent Responses of Summer Precipitation in China to 1.5°C Global Warming in Transient and Stabilized Scenarios

Author: Tim Li, Yongxiao Liang, Zhihong Jiang, Laurent Li, Qiyao Hou, School of Atmospheric Science [Nanjing University] (SAS - NUIST), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, dynamic and thermodynamic effect, 0207 environmental engineering, transient and stabilized scenarios, Zonal and meridional, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Subtropical ridge, GE1-350, East Asia, Precipitation, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Ecology, Global warming, global warming target, Jet stream, Environmental sciences, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, land‐ocean thermal contrast, Environmental science, precipitation change, meridional temperature gradient
Abstract: International audience; Responses of summer precipitation in China to global 1.5°C warming with transient and stabilized pathways are investigated through the analysis of the Common Earth System Model climate simulations. Precipitation increases more significantly in southeast China in the stabilized scenario compared with the transient one. The difference is primarily attributable to dynamic factors related to circulation changes and driven by differences of land-ocean thermal contrast between the two scenarios. The stabilized warming favors conditions of larger ocean warming and smaller land warming, leads to enhanced meridional temperature gradient and ultimately speeds up the jet stream over East Asia. Ageostrophic wind at the entrance of the accelerated jet strengthens ascending motion and precipitation along the coast of Asia from southeast China to India. The enhanced heating over India further induces a Kelvin-wave response with an anomalous anticyclone that contributes to the enhanced westward shifted of the western North Pacific Subtropical High. Southerly winds at the west flank of the anticyclone transport moisture northward from tropical oceans, and strengthen precipitation in southeast China.
Published: 2021
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39. Microglial cannabinoid type 1 receptor regulates brain inflammation in a sex-specific manner

Author: Giovanni Marsicano, Julia De Meij, Sophie Layé, Lydie Morel, Fanny Decoeur, Jean-Christophe Helbling, Gerald Laforest, Marie-Ève Tremblay, Marie-Pierre Moisan, Quentin Leyrolle, Céline Lucas, Alexandra Séré, Katherine Picard, Agnès Aubert, Zain Alfanek, Daniela Cota, Agnès Nadjar, Micaël Carrier, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
Subjects: Male, CB1 receptor, Cannabinoid receptor, medicine.medical_treatment, microglia, Inflammation, sickness behavior, Proinflammatory cytokine, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, cytokine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Receptors, Cannabinoid, Neuroinflammation, Sickness behavior, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Microglia, Cannabinoids, business.industry, Endocannabinoid system, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Complementary and alternative medicine, inflammation, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Encephalitis, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cannabinoid, medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Background: Neuroinflammation is a key feature shared by most, if not all, neuropathologies. It involves complex biological processes that act as a protective mechanism to fight against the injurious stimuli, but it can lead to tissue damage if self-perpetuating. In this context, microglia, the main cellular actor of neuroinflammation in the brain, are seen as a double-edged sword. By phagocyting neuronal debris, these cells can not only provide tissue repair but can also contribute to neuronal damage by releasing harmful substances, including inflammatory cytokines. The mechanisms guiding these apparent opposing actions are poorly known. The endocannabinoid system modulates the release of inflammatory factors such as cytokines and could represent a functional link between microglia and neuroinflammatory processes. According to transcriptomic databases and in vitro studies, microglia, the main source of cytokines in pathological conditions, express the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R). Methods: We thus developed a conditional mouse model of CB1R deletion specifically in microglia, which was subjected to an immune challenge (peripheral lipopolysaccharide injection). Results: Our results reveal that microglial CB1R differentially controls sickness behavior in males and females. Conclusion: These findings add to the comprehension of neuroinflammatory processes and might be of great interest for future studies aimed at developing therapeutic strategies for brain disorders with higher prevalence in men.
Published: 2021
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40. Finding Code-Clone Snippets in Large Source-Code Collection by ccgrep

Author: Takashi Ishio, Yuya Miyamoto, Daniel M. German, Katsuro Inoue, Osaka University, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Davide Taibi, Valentina Lenarduzzi, Terhi Kilamo, Stefano Zacchiroli, TC 2, and WG 2.13
Subjects: Unix, Source code, Java, Code snippet search, Programming language, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, Clone types, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Software maintenance, Snippet, Python (programming language), computer.software_genre, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Code (cryptography), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Pattern matching, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
Abstract: Finding the same or similar code snippets in the source code for a query code snippet is one of the fundamental activities in software maintenance. Code clone detectors detect the same or similar code snippets, but they report all of the code clone pairs in the target, which are generally excessive to the users. In this paper, we propose ccgrep, a token-based pattern matching tool with the notion of code clone pairs. The user simply inputs a code snippet as a query and specifies the target source code, and gets the matched code snippets as the result. The query and the result snippets form clone pairs. The use of special tokens (named meta-tokens) in the query allows the user to have precise control over the matching. It works for the source code in C, C++, Java, and Python on Windows or Unix with practical scalability and performance. The evaluation results show that ccgrep is effective in finding intended code snippets in large Open Source Software., 17th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2021, Virtual Event, May 12–13, 2021, Proceedings
Published: 2021
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41. Control of negative feedback loops in genetic networks

Author: Ismail Belgacem, Jean-Luc Gouzé, Roderick Edwards, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Ode, Mode (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, Loop (topology), 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, Control system, Negative feedback, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Piecewise affine, Control (linguistics), Damped oscillations, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; The oscillator made of a negative loop of two genes is one of the most classical motifs of genetic networks. We give solutions to control such an oscillator by modifying the synthesis rates. Our models are given by piecewise affine systems, and the control is qualitative, taking only two values. Thus, the necessary measurements for implementing this control only depend on the fact that some gene is expressed or not. Our first goal is to obtain sustained oscillations. Then we study the control by a sliding mode for negative ODE loops in general, to suppress sustained or damped oscillations. Finally, we introduced a general idea for creating sustained oscillations in systems with damped oscillations following a particular cycle of domains.
Published: 2020

42. Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world’s fastest-flowing groundwater

Author: Tunde Olarinoye, Tom Gleeson, Vera Marx, Stefan Seeger, Rouhollah Adinehvand, Vincenzo Allocca, Bartolome Andreo, James Apaéstegui, Christophe Apolit, Bruno Arfib, Augusto Auler, Juan Antonio Barberá, Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Timothy Bechtel, Stephane Binet, Daniel Bittner, Matej Blatnik, Terry Bolger, Pascal Brunet, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Zhao Chen, Gabriele Chiogna, Gemma Coxon, Pantaleone De Vita, Joanna Doummar, Jannis Epting, Matthieu Fournier, Nico Goldscheider, John Gunn, Fang Guo, Jean Loup Guyot, Nicholas Howden, Peter Huggenberger, Brian Hunt, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Guanghui Jiang, Greg Jones, Herve Jourde, Ivo Karmann, Oliver Koit, Jannes Kordilla, David Labat, Bernard Ladouche, Isabella Serena Liso, Zaihua Liu, Nicolas Massei, Naomi Mazzilli, Matías Mudarra, Mario Parise, Junbing Pu, Nataša Ravbar, Liz Hidalgo Sanchez, Antonio Santo, Martin Sauter, Vianney Sivelle, Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund, Zoran Stevanovic, Cameron Wood, Stephen Worthington, Andreas Hartmann, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Anthropology [University of Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Shiraz University (Shiraz University ), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, centro de hidrogeologia, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Carste Consultores Associados, Rua Aquiles Lobo, 297 – Floresta – Belo Horizonte – MG – CEP, 30150-160, Brazil, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Fudan University [Shanghai], Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Hydrogeology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karstology (SISKA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum Göttingen (GZG), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, KARST observatory network (www.sokarst.org) initiative from the INSU/CNRS, University of Naples Federico II, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centro de hidrogeologia, Universidad Malaga, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Water resources, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09 [http], Geography & travel, Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00 [http], purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [http], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Hydrology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Groundwater, Information Systems, ddc:910
Abstract: (IF 6.44; Q1); International audience; Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countries. WoKaS database will ensure easy access to a large-sample of good quality datasets suitable for a wide range of applications: comparative studies, trend analysis and model evaluation. This database will largely contribute to research advancement in karst hydrology, supports karst groundwater management, and promotes international and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Published: 2020
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43. Knowledge Democracy and Epistemic In/Justice: Reflections on a Conversation

Author: Baptiste Godrie, Isabel Heck, Budd L. Hall, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), and Université de Montréal (UdeM)
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Higher education, business.industry, 4. Education, Knowledge level, media_common.quotation_subject, Media studies, Participatory action research, 16. Peace & justice, Economic Justice, Power structure, Conversation, Sociology, business, Social responsibility, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Social movement, media_common
Abstract: The focus of the article is on how knowledge is created, who creates knowledge, how knowledge is co-constructed, whose knowledge is excluded and how knowledge is being used to challenge inequalities and strengthen social movement capacity. This article grew from a fascinating conversation that the three of us had in Montreal in September of 2019. We decided to share our stories about knowledge and justice with a wider audience in part as a way for us to reflect further on the meaning of our initial conversation, but also to invite others into the discussion. Baptiste Godrie works in a research centre (CREMIS) affiliated with Quebec’s health care and social services system, Isabel Heck works with the anti-poverty organization Parole d’excluEs, both affiliated to universities, and Budd Hall works at the University of Victoria and is the Co-Chair of the UNESCO Chair in Community-Based research and social responsibility in higher education.
Published: 2020
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44. SCExAO/CHARIS Direct Imaging Discovery of a 20 au Separation, Low-mass Ratio Brown Dwarf Companion to an Accelerating Sun-like Star *

Author: Trent J. Dupuy, John P. Wisniewski, Carol A. Grady, Vincent Deo, Gillian R. Knapp, Michael W. McElwain, Jungmi Kwon, Matthew Wahl, Daniel Michalik, Kevin Wagner, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Yunlin Zeng, Markus Janson, Sébastien Vievard, Kellen Lawson, Nemanja Jovanovic, Olivier Guyon, Yiting Li, Julien Lozi, Michael Letawsky, Taichi Uyama, Tyler D. Groff, Timothy D. Brandt, Ananya Sahoo, Jeffery Chilcote, Frantz Martinache, Thayne Currie, G. Mirek Brandt, Motohide Tamura, Christian Marois, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), NASA, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, United States, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Photometry (optics), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, direct imaging (387), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astronomical instrumentation (799), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), astronomical techniques (1684), Astronomy and Astrophysics, brown dwarfs (185), Astrometry, Mass ratio, exoplanet detection methods (489), Exoplanet, coronagraphic imaging (313), astronomical optics (88), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, exoplanets (498), Low Mass, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the direct imaging discovery of a substellar companion to the nearby Sun-like star, HD 33632 Aa, at a projected separation of $\sim$ 20 au, obtained with SCExAO/CHARIS integral field spectroscopy complemented by Keck/NIRC2 thermal infrared imaging. The companion, HD 33632 Ab, induces a 10.5$\sigma$ astrometric acceleration on the star as detected with the $Gaia$ and $Hipparcos$ satellites. SCExAO/CHARIS $JHK$ (1.1--2.4 $\mu$m) spectra and Keck/NIRC2 $L_{\rm p}$ (3.78 $\mu$m) photometry are best matched by a field L/T transition object: an older, higher gravity, and less dusty counterpart to HR 8799 cde. Combining our astrometry with $Gaia/Hipparcos$ data and archival Lick Observatory radial-velocities, we measure a dynamical mass of 46.4 $\pm$ 8 $M_{\rm J}$ and an eccentricity of $e$ $, Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; ApJ Letters in press. First discovery from SCExAO/CHARIS; first substellar companion discovered through direct imaging using Gaia for target selection
Published: 2020
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45. Roadmap for metal nanoparticles in radiation therapy: current status, translational challenges, and future directions

Author: Karl T. Butterworth, Yaser Hadi Gholami, Kyle Bromma, Vincent Favaudon, Zdenka Kuncic, Jason R. Cook, Udoka Ibeh, Stéphane Lucas, Stephen J. McMahon, E. Gargioni, Sandrine Lacombe, Kevin M. Prise, Anne-Catherine Heuskin, Léon Sanche, Yaroslav Stanishevskiy, Olivier Tillement, Bijay Singh, Henry M. Smilowitz, Sang Hyun Cho, J Donald Payne, Needa A. Virani, Erika Porcel, Ross Berbeco, Wonmo Sung, Félicien Hespeels, Benedikt Rudek, Dmitry Nevozhay, Wassana Yantasee, Hans Rabus, Devika B. Chithrani, Wilfred Ngwa, Sébastien Penninckx, François Lux, Konstantin V Sokolov, Sharif M Ridwan, Jan Schuemann, H L Byrne, Alexander F. Bagley, Sunil Krishnan, James F. Hainfeld, Srinivas Sridhar, Sijumon Kunjachan, Department of Radiation Oncology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [Boston], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Victoria], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Physics [Sydney], The University of Sydney, NanoHybrids, Inc. [Austin], Signalisation, radiobiologie et cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Nanoprobes, Inc, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NH TherAguix SA [Meylan], Formation, élaboration de nanomatériaux et cristaux (FENNEC), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Aurorad, Inc [Houston], Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Berlin] (PTB), University of Connecticut Health Center [Farmington], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Northeastern University [Boston], Rice University [Houston], Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), and Mayo Clinic [Jacksonville]
Subjects: theranostics, Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, Metal nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Modelling, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Vaccine adjuvant, medicine, Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods, Nanoparticle imaging, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Hyperthermia, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, metal nanoparticles, radiotherapy, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Radiotherapy, Induced, Radiation dose, modeling, Hyperthermia, Induced, Theranostics, Therapeutic applications of nanoparticles, Radiation therapy, therapeutic applications of nanoparticles, Hyperthermia induced, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug delivery, Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use, immunotherapy, Immunotherapy, nanoparticle imaging
Abstract: International audience; This roadmap outlines the potential roles of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the field of radiation therapy. MNPs made up of a wide range of materials (from Titanium, Z = 22, to Bismuth, Z = 83) and a similarly wide spectrum of potential clinical applications, including diagnostic, therapeutic (radiation dose enhancers, hyperthermia inducers, drug delivery vehicles, vaccine adjuvants, photosensitizers, enhancers of immunotherapy) and theranostic (combining both diagnostic and therapeutic), are being fabricated and evaluated. This roadmap covers contributions from experts in these topics summarizing their view of the current status and challenges, as well as expected advancements in technology to address these challenges.
Published: 2020
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46. Meeting Report

Author: Leitner, Alexander, Bonvin, Alexandre M J J, Borchers, Christoph H, Chalkley, Robert J, Chamot-Rooke, Julia, Combe, Colin W, Cox, Jürgen, Dong, Meng-Qiu, Fischer, Lutz, Götze, Michael, Gozzo, Fabio C, Heck, Albert J R, Hoopmann, Michael R, Huang, Lan, Ishihama, Yasushi, Jones, Andrew R, Kalisman, Nir, Kohlbacher, Oliver, Mechtler, Karl, Moritz, Robert L, Netz, Eugen, Novak, Petr, Petrotchenko, Evgeniy, Sali, Andrej, Scheltema, Richard A, Schmidt, Carla, Schriemer, David, Sinz, Andrea, Sobott, Frank, Stengel, Florian, Thalassinos, Konstantinos, Urlaub, Henning, Viner, Rosa, Vizcaíno, Juan A, Wilkins, Marc R, Rappsilber, Juri, Sub NMR Spectroscopy, Afd Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, NMR Spectroscopy, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Jewish General Hospital, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Institute of Biological Sciences [Beijing, China] (Number 7 Science Park Road), Zhongguancun Life Science Park [Beijing, China], Technische Universität Berlin (TU), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Institute for Systems Biology [Seattle] (ISB), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Kyoto University [Kyoto], University of Liverpool, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), University of Tübingen, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Calgary, University of Leeds, University of Antwerp (UA), University of Konstanz, Birkbeck College [University of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry [Göttingen], Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Senior Research Fellowship to J.R. (103139) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project 329673113). Funded by the DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy, EXC 2008/1-390540038. The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology is supported by core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203149)., We thank the participants of the meetings mentioned throughout the text for their many different contributions. Although we made an effort to include all labs that may feel a belonging to the field of Cross-linking MS, we apologize to all those that we missed. Developing standards in Cross-linking MS is to be viewed as an inclusive activity, so please feel warmly invited to join our efforts, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie = Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Kyoto University, Sub NMR Spectroscopy, Afd Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spectrometry & Proteom., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, and NMR Spectroscopy
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Computer science, Physics, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Mass spectrometry, Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT), Data science, Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Chemistry, White paper, Structural Biology, Transparency (graphic), FOS: Biological sciences, ddc:570, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Human medicine, Molecular Biology, Biology, Reliability (statistics), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Crosslinking mass spectrometry (Crosslinking MS) has substantially matured as a method over the last two decades through parallel development in multiple labs, demonstrating its applicability for protein structure determination, conformation analysis and mapping protein interactions in complex mixtures. Crosslinking MS has become a much-appreciated and routinely applied tool especially in structural biology. Therefore, it is timely that the community commits to the development of methodological and reporting standards. This white paper builds on an open process comprising a number of events at community conferences since 2015 and identifies aspects of Crosslinking MS for which guidelines should be developed as part of a Crosslinking MS standards initiative., Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2020
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47. How far have we come? A review of MPA network performance indicators in reaching qualitative elements of Aichi Target 11

Author: Mairi C. Meehan, Joachim Claudet, Rodolphe Devillers, Gerald G. Singh, Natalie C. Ban, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Value (ethics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multidisciplinary approach, conservation policy, 14. Life underwater, conservation strategies, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Seascape, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corporate governance, monitoring and evaluation, Monitoring and evaluation, 15. Life on land, Knowledge sharing, Systematic review, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, social-ecological conservation, Marine protected area, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, multidisciplinary
Abstract: International audience; Effective networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are explicitly recognized and called for in international biodiversity conservation strategies such as Aichi Target 11. While various indicators have been proposed to assess effectiveness of individual MPAs, no comprehensive set of indicators exists for MPA networks, particularly for qualitative targets. The qualitative elements recognize the value of social, economic, governance, and ecological factors in achieving effective biodiversity conservation. Here, we used a systematic literature review to identify indicators of MPA network effectiveness. We reviewed 64 publications and identified 48 indicators that could be aligned with the qualitative elements of Aichi Target 11. Results showed that assessments of MPA network effectiveness predominantly focused on effective management while neglecting equitable management, and integration into the wider land and seascape. Indicators tended to focus on ecological characteristics, overlooking the social, cultural and governance dimensions. Key challenges in addressing these gaps include identifying conflicting priorities and objectives in adjacent marine and land areas that interfere with cooperation and knowledge sharing, and ensuring representation from diverse areas with distinct social and ecological contexts. This study provides the first review of indicators for assessing MPA networks and should help assessing whether current and future targets are met.
Published: 2020
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48. Internal wave-driven mixing: governing processes and consequences for climate

Author: Jennifer A. MacKinnon, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Jody M. Klymak, Caitlin B. Whalen, Casimir de Lavergne, K. L. Sheen, Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Centre for Geography and Environmental Science (CGES)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Work (thermodynamics), Turbulent mixing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Turbulence, Energy transfer, Geophysics, Internal wave, Physical oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Physics::Geophysics, Geostrophic current, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Mixing (physics), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Turbulent mixing from breaking oceanic internal waves drives a vertical transport of water, heat and other climatically important tracers in the ocean, thereby playing an important role in shaping the circulation and distributions of heat and carbon within the climate system. However, linking internal wave-driven mixing to its impacts on climate poses a formidable challenge, since it requires understanding of the complex life cycle of internal waves — including generation, propagation and breaking into turbulence — and knowledge of the spatio-temporal variability of these processes in the diverse, rapidly evolving oceanic environment. In this Review, we trace the energy pathways from tides, winds and geostrophic currents to internal wave mixing, connecting this mixing with the global climate system. Additionally, we discuss avenues for future work, including understanding energy transfer processes within the internal wave field, how internal waves can be modified by background currents and how internal wave mixing is integrated within the global climate system.
Published: 2020
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49. COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: impacts on vulnerable populations and sustaining home-grown solutions

Author: Jean Damascene Kabakambira, Eveline Konje, Harriet Chemusto, Bernard Aristide Bitouga, Douglas Singini, Sekou Kouyate, Diana M. S. Karanja, Mandy Kader Kondé, Mary Ndu, S. Mohammed Sheriff, Eric Ochomo, Gojjam Limeneh, Oriokot Francis, Laurent J. Wallace, Ngozi N. Joe-Ikechebelu, Robert Bortolussi, Eric Arthur, Joseph I Ikechebelu, Oumy Thiongane, Eugenia Amporfu, Joshua Arthur, Gabriel Kyomba Kalombe, Kofi Bobi Barimah, Felicien Munday Mulopo, Jeremiah Seni, Elysée Nouvet, Ghana Health Service [Accra, Ghana], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), Centre for Plant Medicine Research [Ghana], Université de Douala, Mildmay Uganda (MUg), Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU-UNIZIK), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Fondation Santé et Développement Durable [Guinea] (FOSAD), University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa (KSPH ou ESP), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [Tanzania], Université Général Lansana Conté de Sonfonia, University of Gondar, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Mbarara University of Science and Technology [Mbarara] (MUST), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Limulunga District Health Office
Subjects: Psychological intervention, Politique sanitaire, Santé publique, santémondiale, Médecine complémentaire et alternative, Decolonization, Global health, Medicine and Health Sciences, maladie infectieuse, Protection de la santé, Équité, 2. Zero hunger, Infectious disease, pandémie, Sub-Saharan Africa, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Equity, Livelihood, décolonisation, 3. Good health, Government, S50 - Santé humaine, Méthode alternative, 0305 other medical science, Coronavirus Infections, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, Diversification (marketing strategy), Special Section on COVID-19: Commentary, santé mondiale, Vulnerable Populations, Afrique subsaharienne, 03 medical and health sciences, Development economics, medicine, Humans, Personal protective equipment, Pandemics, Africa South of the Sahara, 030505 public health, Equity (economics), Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Socioeconomic Factors, Business
Abstract: International audience; This commentary draws on sub-Saharan African health researchers’ accounts of their countries’ responses to control the spread of COVID-19, including social and health impacts, home-grown solutions, and gaps in knowledge. Limited human and material resources for infection control and lack of understanding or appreciation by the government of the realities of vulnerable populations have contributed to failed interventions to curb transmission, and further deepened inequalities. Some governments have adapted or limited lockdowns due to the negative impacts on livelihoods and taken specific measures to minimize the impact on the most vulnerable citizens. However, these measures may not reach the majority of the poor. Yet, African countries’ responses to COVID-19 have also included a range of innovations, including diversification of local businesses to produce personal protective equipment, disinfectants, test kits, etc., which may expand domestic manufacturing capabilities and deepen self-reliance. African and high-income governments, donors, non-governmental organizations, and businesses should work to strengthen existing health system capacity and back African-led business. Social scientific understandings of public perceptions, their interactions with COVID-19 control measures, and studies on promising clinical interventions are needed. However, a decolonizing response to COVID-19 must include explicit and meaningful commitments to sharing the power—the authority and resources—to study and endorse solutions.; Le présent commentaire est fondé sur les témoignages de chercheurs en santé d’Afrique subsaharienne sur les mesures prises par leurs pays pour enrayer la propagation de la COVID-19, dont les effets sociosanitaires, les solutions « maison » et les lacunes à combler. L’insuffisance de ressources humaines et matérielles pour contrôler l’infection et le manque de compréhension ou de reconnaissance par les gouvernements des réalités des populations vulnérables ont contribué à l’échec des interventions pour enrayer la transmission et ont creusé les inégalités. Certains gouvernements ont adapté ou limité les confinements pour en réduire les effets nuisibles sur les moyens de subsistance des gens et pris des mesures particulières pour réduire les répercussions sur leurs citoyens les plus vulnérables. Ces mesures ne profitent pas toujours à la majorité des pauvres, cependant. Néanmoins, la riposte des pays africains à la COVID-19 comporte aussi des innovations, dont la diversification des entreprises locales pour produire de l’équipement de protection individuelle, des désinfectants, des trousses d’analyse, etc., qui pourrait renforcer les capacités du secteur manufacturier intérieur et favoriser l’autonomie. Les gouvernements des pays africains et à revenu élevé, les bailleurs de fonds, les organisations non gouvernementales et les entreprises devraient collaborer pour renforcer les capacités des systèmes de santé existants et financer les entreprises africaines. Il faut combler le manque de compréhension par les sciences sociales des perceptions du public et de leurs interactions avec les mesures de contrôle de la COVID-19, et le manque d’études sur les interventions cliniques prometteuses. Toutefois, une riposte à la COVID-19 fondée sur la décolonisation doit inclure des engagements explicites et concrets à partager le pouvoir d’étudier et d’approuver des solutions – tant l’autorité que les ressources nécessaires.
Published: 2020
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50. Col-OSSOS: Probing Ice Line/Colour Transitions within the Kuiper Belt's Progenitor Populations

Author: Michele T. Bannister, Wesley C. Fraser, Laura E. Buchanan, Kathryn Volk, Jean-Marc Petit, Shiang-Yu Wang, Ying-Tung Chen, Michael Marsset, Megan E. Schwamb, David Nesvorny, Rosemary E. Pike, Nuno Peixinho, J. J. Kavelaars, Audrey Thirouin, Stephen Gwyn, Brett Gladman, Audrey Delsanti, Susan D. Benecchi, Mike Alexandersen, Matthew J. Lehner, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff], Center for Earth and Space Research of the University of Coimbra (CITEUC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geology, Progenitor
Abstract: The Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (Col-OSSOS, Schwamb et al., 2019) has examined the surface compositions of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) by way of broadband g-, r- and J-band photometry, using the Gemini North Hawaii Telescope. This survey showed a bimodal distribution in the colours of the objects surveyed, consistent with previous colour surveys (Tegler et al., 2016). These broadband surface colours can be considered a proxy for surface composition of these KBOs, so this survey allows the frequency of different surface compositions within the outer Solar System to be explored. The bimodality of the observed colours suggests the presence of some sort of surface transition within the Kuiper belt, perhaps due to a volatile ice-line transition in the pristine planetesimal disk that existed before Neptune’s migration. The Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS, Bannister et al., 2018), from which Col-OSSOS selected objects brighter than 23.6 r-band magnitude, has well characterised and quantified biases, so allowing for comparisons between the observations and numerical models of the Kuiper belt.By applying different colour transitions to the primordial planetesimal disk, in this work we explore the possible positions for ice line/colour transitions within the planetesimal disk that existed before Neptune’s migration. Within Schwamb et al. (2019), a simplified toy model was used to investigate the possible position of this transition. Nesvorny et al. (2020) has investigated the primordial colour fraction, in particular how it can create the inclination distribution that we see in the colours of KBOs today. In this work we use a full dynamical model of the Kuiper belt to more precisely pinpoint the possible location of this transition. We make use of the model by Nesvorny & Vokrouhlicky (2016) of Neptune’s migration from 23 au to 30 au, and the consequent perturbation of the Kuiper belt into its current form. This model allows precise tracking of the objects from their pre-Neptune migration to post-Neptune migration positions, allowing various colour transition positions in the initial disk, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, to be compared with the Col-OSSOS observations of the modern day disk.Figure 1: An example red/neutral transition at 27 au. The left plots show the objects in the primordial disk, while the right plots show the objects post-Neptune migration from the model of Nesvorny & Vokrouhlicky (2016).The OSSOS survey simulator (Lawler et al., 2018) can then be used to calculate which of the simulated objects could have been observed by OSSOS, and so selected by Col-OSSOS for surface colour observations. The colour transition within the initial disk, shown in Figure 1, is moved radially outwards through the disk and the corresponding outputs are compared with the Col-OSSOS colour observations to see which initial disk colour transition positions are consistent with the modern day Kuiper belt. We will present results combing an accurate dynamical model of the Kuiper Belt’s evolution by Nesvorny & Vokrouhlicky (2016) with Col-OSSOS photometry. We will explore multiple radial colour distributions in the primordial planetesimal disk and implications for the the positions of ice line/colour transitions within the Kuiper Belt’s progenitor populations. ReferencesBannister, M. T., Gladman, B. J., Kavelaars, J. J., et al. 2018, ApJS, 236, 18Lawler, S. M., Kavelaars, J. J., Alexandersen, M., et al. 2018, Front. Astron. Space Sci., 5, 14Nesvorny, D., Vokrouhlicky, D., Alexandersen, M., et al. 2020, AJ, in pressNesvorny, D., & Vokrouhlicky, D. 2016, ApJ, 825Schwamb, M. E., Bannister, M. T., Marsset, M., et al. 2019, ApJS, 243, 12Tegler, S. C., Romanishin, W., Consolmagno, G. J., & J., S. 2016, AJ, 152, 210
Published: 2020
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